Prespective of Nursing Profession: 3. Training OF Nurses and Midwives

PRESPECTIVE OF NURSING PROFESSION
INTRODUCTION - Nursing is profession within the health care sector focused on the care of
individuals, families, and communities so they attain, maintain, or recover optimal health and quality of
life. It is our prime responsibility as a nursing professional to upgrade our profession, education is an
important tool which is needed for the up gradation of our profession.
NURSING- Nursing is a protection, promotion and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of
health and injury, alleviation of suffering through diagnosis and treatment of human response, and
advocacy in the care of individual, families, communities, and population.
( American Nurses Association )
PROFESSION- Profession is defined as ‘a vocation requiring advanced training and usually involving
mental rather than manual work, as teaching, engineering, especially medicine, law’.
( Webster 1989 )
PRESPECTIVE OF NURSING PROFESSION AT NATIONAL LEVEL

During the post independence period there has been enormous change and development in the field
of medicine ,medical technology, health care and nursing. Some vital recommendations to the bhore
committee relevant to nursing profession are given below;
1. Stipends to the nursing student
In order to prevent economic barrier in the way of suitable persons entering the nursing profession,
the committee suggested the provision of Rs.60 per month for pupils nurses.
2. Nurses, Midwives and Dais
The committee suggested that by 1971, the number of trained nurses available in country should
be raised to 7,40,000 . As essential step towards the achievement of this objective was the removal of
existing unsatisfactory conditions of training and service. The committee made proposals to improve the
situation.
3. Training OF Nurses and Midwives
In view of the extreme shortage of nursing personnel the committee recommended that the first
group of 100 training centre, each taking 50 pupils, should be started two year before the Health
organisation begun to be established, that another set of 100 training centre should be created during the
first two years of scheme and that a third group of the same number of training centres should be
established before the third year of the second scheme.
4. Male Nurses
Male nurses should be trained and employed in large numbers in the male wards male out Patient
department of public hospitals, thus releasing women workers for other work.
5. Public Health Nurses

The committee also made specific proposals with regard to the training of public health nurses. These
should be fully qualified nurse with training in midwifery as well.
6. Midwives
The number of midwives actually available for midwifery duties in the country was probably
1874.The committee laid down certain fundamentals requirement which should be met before an
institution could be organised as a training centre for midwives.
7. Dais
The continued employment of women as dais was inevitable. The committee advocated the training of
dais as an interim measure until an adequate number of midwives would become available.
8. Nursing Staff
The report recommended to produce another category of nursing health personnel called auxiliary
personnel.
Establishment Of Indian Nursing Council

As a result of Bhore committee recommendations INC was established in 1947 to regulate the standard of
nursing education. Nursing Council made three important decisions;
a] There should be only two standard of training of general nursing and midwifery.
I. The full course of general nursing to be for three years followed by a minimum of nine month of
midwifery.
ii. A course of Auxiliary Nurse Midwife for two years.
b] The minimum entrance requirement of general nursing course to be matriculation and for Auxiliary
Nurse Midwife to be 7or 8 standard of education.
C] The Auxiliary Nurse midwife course to replace various course like junior grade nursing certificate and
courses other than for nurses.
UNIVERSITY LEVEL PROGRAMME

Basic B.Sc. Nursing-The need for providing basic training in nursing at university level was felt by
the members of TNAI from 1940 onwards. B.Sc. Nursing was started at Delhi in July 1946 in school of
hospital administration which was started in 1943.This school was renamed as college of nursing which is
now called Rajkumari Amrit kaur college of nursing in 1972.This college is located at Lajpat Nagar, New
Delhi .A similar courses in B.Sc. Nursing was started at CMC Vellore, Madras University ,Tamil Nadu in
1946 by the joint Church society of England, U.S.A and Canada.
Post Basic/Post Certificate B.Sc. Nursing-The need for higher training for certificate nurses was also
stressed by the Mudaliar Committee in 1962.For up gradation of professional standard, two years post
basic certificate B.Sc. degree for programme nurses with diploma in general nursing and midwifery was
started inDec.1962 by the school of nursing ,University of Thiruvananthpuram.
Post Graduation Education
1. M.sc Nursing education-Two year course in master of nursing was started at RAJKUMARI AMRIT
KAUR COLLEGE of nursing, New Delhi 1907, in 1969; MSC Nursing was started at CMC Vellore
affiliated to Madras University. The MSC Nursing curriculum was prepared and prescribed by Indian
nursing council in 1986 which is implemented by all the colleges.
2. M. Phil Programme -The inspection committee constituted by INC under statue for the inspection
of the college, visited RAK College of nursing , New Delhi on September 13,1977 and advised the
principal to form an M. Phil Oct.15,1986 after due approval of the M. Phil Committee members. The
programme is of 1 year for regular candidate and 2 year for part time candidate.
3.Ph. D Programme- Ph. D Programme was started in few college of nursing like college of nursing
PGI, College of nursing CMC Vellore, and college of nursing affiliated to Mangalore University and at
RAK college of nursing, Delhi University etc.
PRESPECTIVE OF NURSING PROFESSION AT GLOBAL LEVEL

There are various educational route for becoming a professional registered nurse.
1. Associate Degree Education-The associate degree programme in the United State is a 2 year
programme that is usually offered by a University or Junior college. This programme focus on the basic
sciences, theoretical and clinical course related to the practice of nursing.
2. Diploma Education-The diploma programme in the United State is a 2-3 years hospital based
programme.
3. Baccalaureate Education-The baccalaureate degree programme usually encompasses 4 year of

study in a college or University. The programme focus on the basic sciences and on theoretical and clinical
course, as well as course in school sciences, art and humanities to support nursing theory.
Accreditation-To be accredited, nursing programmes must meet certain criteria established by the
National League for Nursing Accreditation is available for basic nursing education and master degree
programme in nursing.
Licensure-In the U.S, RN candidates must pass the National Council Licensure Examination for
Registered Nurse (NCLEX-RN),which is administered by the individual state board of nursing.
Certification-Beyond the NCLEX-RN, national nursing organisation such as ANA, have many types of
certification that the nurses can work towards. After passing the initial examination, the nurse maintain
certification by continuing education and clinical administrative practice.
4. Master Degree Preparation- A person completing a graduate programme can receive the degree
of masters Art (MA) in nursing or Master in sciences in nursing. This provide the advanced clinician
with strong skills in nursing sciences and research based clinical practice.
5. Doctoral Preparation -The first nursing doctorate programme was opened in 1953 at university
of Pittsburgh .Other programs emphasized on basic research and theory and award the degree of doctorate
of philosophy (Ph.D.).
6. Continuing and In-service Education-Continuing education involve formal, organized and

educational programs preferred by state nurses association and educational and health care institution.
other goals include helping nurses become specialized in a particular area of practices and teaching nurses
new skills and techniques.
7. Licensed Practical Nurse Education-A licensed practical or vocational nurse is trained in basic
nursing techniques and direct client care. The Licensed Practical Nurse or Licensed Vocational Nurse
(LVN) practices under the supervision of a Registered Nurse (RN) in a hospital or community health
practice setting.

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PRESPECTIVE OF NURSING PROFESSION

( American Nurses Association )

PRESPECTIVE OF NURSING PROFESSION AT NATIONAL LEVEL

1. Stipends to the nursing student

2. Nurses, Midwives and Dais

3. Training OF Nurses and Midwives

5. Public Health Nurses

Establishment Of Indian Nursing Council

ii. A course of Auxiliary Nurse Midwife for two years.

UNIVERSITY LEVEL PROGRAMME

Post Graduation Education

PRESPECTIVE OF NURSING PROFESSION AT GLOBAL LEVEL

3. Baccalaureate Education-The baccalaureate degree programme usually encompasses 4 year of

6. Continuing and In-service Education-Continuing education involve formal, organized and

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