Sociology

- A social science that studies humans, societies, their interactions and the processes that preserves and
change them

- The self as the product of modern society among other construction

GEORGE LANUZA

Self identity continuously change due to the demands of multitudes of social context, new technologies
and globalization

The self became idolized self

MEAD AND SOCIAL SELF

GEORGE HERBERT MEAD

- A sociologist from late 1980's

- well known for his theory of social self

- " The Self is not present at birth"

THEORY OF SOCIAL SELF

- Based on the perspective that the self emerges form social interaction

- Two sides of Self: The Me and The I

- subjective element of the self, the u socialized, spontaneous' self interested component of personality

Me

- the objective element of self

- the part of the self that is aware of the expectations and attitudes of the society
Three stages of development of the self

1. Preparatory Stage - imitation (0-3 years old)

2. Play Stage - pretend play (3-5 years old)
3. Game stage - generalized others begins in the early school years

LOOKING GLASS SELF THEORY

Charles Horton Cooley

The interactive process by which we develop an image of ourselves based in how we imagine we appear
to others

3 PHASES OF DEVELOPING OR DISCOVERING THE SELF

1. We imagine how we appear to others

2. Based on the reaction of others, we attempt to determine whether they view us as we see ourselves

3. We use our perceptions of how others judge us to develop feelings about our selves

Anthropology

- is the study of humans, early hominids and primates sucha s chimpanzees

- Anthropology study human language, culture, societies, biological and material remains, the biology
and behavior of primates, and even our own buying habits

4 AREAS OF ANTHROPOLOGY

1. Sociocultural anthropologists examine social patterns and practices across culture with special
interest in how people live in particular places and how they organize, govern and create meaning

2. Social anthropology has close relationship to these social sciences. It shares its subject matter with
many other disciplines, but it does not restrict itself to the problems of other discipline.

3. Archaeology is the study of humanity through the materials -the stuff- we leave behind. This can be in
the distant past, such as the pyramids at Giza, or very recent times such as a 21st Century marriage
proposal carved near a close quarantine station

4. Physical or biological anthropology study the remains of human beings and hominids using a variety
of techniques to investigate human disease, diet, genetics and lifestyle.

SOCIOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY

- Sociology is the science of society that studies human behavior in groups

- Anthropology is a science of man and studies human behavior in social surroundings

HISTORY AND ANTHROPOLOGY

- Historians are more interested in particular sequences of past events. Anthropologists are centrally
interested in understanding the present conditions of culture or community which they are studying

PSYCHOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY

- Both social anthropology and psychology deal with the same subject matter, people in relation with
other people.

- Social anthropology studies the culture and social system in which the individual lives rather than the
individual themselves.

PSYCHOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
- Psychological Anthropology is an interdisciplinary subfield of anthropology that studies the interaction
of cultural and mental processes. The subfield tend to focus on ways in which human development and
enculturation within a particular cultural group - with its own history, language, practices and
conceptual categories - shape processes of human cognition, emotion, perception, motivation and
mental health.

CULTURE AND PERSONALITY

- Personality is the overall characteristics that a person possess. All of these characteristics are acquired
within a culture. However, when a person change his or her culture, his or her personality automatically
changes because the person learns to follow the norms and values of the new culture and this, in turn,
influences the individual's personal characteristics

CONFIGURATIONALIST APPROACH

- This approach describes a culture as a personality; that is interpretation of experiences, guided by

symbolic structure, creates personality which is " copied" into the larger culture.

Psychology

- is the study of mind and behavior , how the mind works and how it affects the behavior
THE SELF AS COGNITIVE CONSTITUTION

Self - a person's experience as a single, unitary and autonomous being that is separate from others.

Self - concept is having a clear perception of your personality including strengths, weaknnes, thoughts,
beliefs, emotions etc.

Two types of Self-Awareness

1. Public Self-Awareness - involves the awareness of oneself from the imagined perspective of others

2. Private Self-Awareness - refers to and awareness of oneself from a personal perspective

Identity - is composed of personal characteristics, social roles and responsibilities as well as

affliations that define who one is

Self Concept - is a knowledge representation that contains knowledge about us including our
beliefs about our personality, traits, physical characteristics, abilities, values, goals as well as
knowledge that we exist as individuals.

Symbolic Interactionism - the self is created and developed through human interactions.

3 Reasons of Symbolic Interactionism:

1. We do not create ourselves out of nothing.

2. We need others to reinforce who we think we are

3. What we think important to us may have been influenced by what is important in society

The Me and I

George Herbert Mead

: a psychologist from late 1800s is well known for theory of the social self.

2 TYPES OF SELF
1. The "I" self

- an active agent who acts on the world as well as being influenced by that world.

2. The "Me" Self

- an object of reflection and evaluation; how we imagine others to perceive us.

Components of the "Me" self

Material Self: it consists of things or one that belong to the person or entities that a
person belongs to
Social Self: It refers to the person who is in a particular social situation
Spiritual Self: it refers to the self that is more concrete or permanent when compared to
the material and social selves.

GLOBAL VS. DIFFERENTIATED OTHERS

- Global Self : Global self-esteem refers to the general value that a person places on him- or herself and
should be distinguished from appraisals of specific traits or abilities

2 Types of Global Self

1. Individualism

- simply refers to being a member of an individualistic community that emphasizes a unique and
distinctive characteristics of a self.

2. Collectivism

- is related to a culture that is the people feel identified with a group of people. The identification is
more of membership and social roles

Differentiated Self

- Is the ability to separate feelings and thoughts

-First introduced by Murray Bowen

2 types of self-differentiated

1. Intraphysics differentiation
- is when we can tell apart our thoughts forom our emotion. Includes distinguishing different emotions.
In other words, it is Self-Awareness.

2. Interpersonal differentiation

-is when we can distinguish our experience from the experience of people we are connected to.

REAL VS IDEAL SELF CONCEPT

Real Self

: who we actually are, how we think, feel, look and act

: also known as Self-Image

Ideal Self

: an idealized image that we have developed over time based in what we have learned and
experienced.

MULTIPLE VS UNIFIED SELF

According to William James,

Properly speaking,a man has as many social selves as there are many individual who recognizes him and
carry an image of him in their heads.

Roy Baumister , a social psychologist, says that the concept of the self losses its meaning if a person has
multiple selves the essence fo self involves integration of diverse experiences into a unity.

TRUE AND FALSE SELF

True Self

: represented by real feelings and desires

False Self

: the side if us that has changed its behavior, repressed feelings and pushed needs aside in
order to survive.

2 types of False Self:

1. Healthy False Self

- is one which allows someone to he functional in society.

- acts as a protection and stays committed with true self.

2. Unhealthy False Self

- results to dysfunctional behavior such as narcissism and addiction

PROACTIVE VS AGENTIC SELF

- PROACTIVITY is acting in advance of a future situation rather than just reacting.

- AGENTIC is one who behaves like an agent. Assuming there is no responsibility for actions or their
consequences only following the order of someone in authority

4 Agency features:

1. Intentionality - refers to acts done intentionally.

2. Forethought, enables the person to anticipate the likely consequences of prospective actions.

3. Self-reactiveness, involves making choices and choosing appropriate courses of action as well as

motivating and regulating them.

4. Self-reflectiveness, gives the person the ability to reflect upon and the adequacy of his or her
thoughts and actions.
THE SELF IN WESTERN AND ORIENTAL/ EASTERN THOUGHT

INDIVIDUALISTIC VS COLLECTIVE SELF

Individualism : the habit or principle of being independent and self-reliant

Collectivism : the practice or principle of giving a group priority over each individual in it

SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF THE SELF IN WESTERN THOUGHT

- Social Constructionism is a theory of knowledge in sociology and communication thoery that examines
the decey of jointly-constructed understandings of the world that forms the basis for shared
assumptions about reality.

THE SELF AS EMBEDDED IN RELATIONSHIP AND THROUGH SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT IN CONFUCIAN

THOUGHT

- The Self in CONFUCIAN thought I'd teleologically directed. The goal of one's existence is to seek the
virtue of humanity and eventually to became a sage.

- A safe is necessarily wise, strong, sensitive, intelligent, creative and more.

- According to Confucians, spiritual development comes after physical, emotional and mental
development. One must first learn to know oneself and to respect and honor oneself as one goes about
daily business.