Practice Problems For The Final Exam of ISOM 5700: 1. Short Answer Questions
Practice Problems For The Final Exam of ISOM 5700: 1. Short Answer Questions
Practice Problems For The Final Exam of ISOM 5700: 1. Short Answer Questions
1. Short Answer Questions
a. A production process consists of two stages, each staffed with one worker. Stage 1 has a
processing time of 5 minutes per unit. The output of Stage 1 is then inspected and, repaired if
necessary, at Stage 2. Every unit is inspected. There is a 20% probability that repair is needed
for a unit after inspection. The inspection time is 1 minute per unit while the repair time is 25
minutes per unit. What is the output capacity of the process?
b. A fast food restaurant chain suffers 40% annual employee turnover. Suppose this turnover rate
has been stable over a long period of time. For how long, on the average, does a worker
remain on the job?
c. There are two service facilities with identical service time distribution. Facility 1 has 25 servers
while facility 2 has 100 servers. The server utilization in each facility is exactly the same but
facility 1 has a longer average waiting time. Why? Explain in one or at most two sentences.
d. Consider a multi‐server queueing system that has a utilization equal to 95%. After two more
servers are added, the average number of busy servers will be (Circle your answer and explain
in one or at most two sentences)
(i) greater than before.
(ii) same as before.
(iii) smaller than before.
e. A centralized warehouse system, compared with a decentralized one, usually (circle your
answer)
(i) results in shorter delivery time
(ii) requires more inventories to be carried
(iii) requires less inventories to be carried
(iv) (i) and (ii)
(v) (i) and (iii)
f. Which of the following practices definitely uses product pooling? (circle your answer)
(i) serving one market segment using two end products
(ii) using some common components for two end products
(iii) sharing inventory of retail items among stores through an information system
g. A distribution manager at Baxter states that her inventory turns five times a year. Record
shows that everything that Baxter buys gets processed and leaves the dock within six weeks.
(Circle your answer and explain in at most two sentences)
(i) The inventory turns is higher than the manager stated
(ii) The inventory turns is lower than the manager stated
(iii) We don’t know enough to determine whether it is (i) or (ii)
2. Scheduling Worker‐Hours The residents of Town A deposit their recyclable refuse to
designated collection bins. Recycled refuse is collected during the night by regular time workers
who are paid $40 per hour. Any refuse left after the regular time is collected by workers on
overtime who are paid $90 per hour. The effort it takes to collect the recyclable refuse each
evening has a normal distribution with mean 100 worker‐hours and standard deviation 30 worker‐
hours. The management decides in advance how many worker‐hours to schedule each night. If
the number of worker‐hours scheduled is more than the number of worker‐hours required,
workers go home early but are paid $40 per hour for the total scheduled worker‐hours. If the
number of worker‐hours scheduled is less than the number of worker‐hours required, overtime is
paid at $90 per hour.
(a) How many worker‐hours should be scheduled each day to minimize the expected costs?
The nearby Town B has similar need for recyclable refuse collection and has been using a similar
worker‐hour schedule. A consultant suggests that refuse collection in these two towns be
consolidated and a single group of workers are scheduled to collect from both towns each night.
Assume the quantities of recyclable refuse generated in these two towns are independent
random variables.
(b) How many worker‐hours should be scheduled each night under the new policy?
(c) Explain the benefits of the new policy in at most two sentences.
3. My‐law.com Legal Services
My‐law.com is a recent start‐up and allows for extensive interaction between lawyers and their
customers via the internet. This process is used in the upfront part of the customer interaction,
largely consisting of answering some basic questions prior to entering a formal relationship.
Customers are encouraged to send emails to my‐lawyer@My‐law.com.
Emails arrive from 8am to 6pm at a rate of 10 emails per hour (coefficient of variation of the inter‐
arrival time equals one). At each moment in time, there is exactly one lawyer “on call”, i.e. sitting
at his/her desk, waiting for incoming emails. It takes the lawyer, on average, 5 minutes to write
the response email. The standard deviation of the writing time is 4 minutes.
(a) What is the average time a customer has to wait for the response to her email, ignoring any
transmission times?
(b) How many emails will a lawyer expect to receive at the end of a 10‐hour day?
(c) While not responding to emails, the lawyer is encouraged to actively pursue cases that
potentially could lead to large settlements. How much time over a 10‐hour day, on average,
can the lawyer dedicate to this activity?
To increase the responsiveness of the firm, the board of My‐law.com proposes a new operating
policy. Under the new policy, the response would be highly standardized, reducing the standard
deviation of the time writing a response email to 0.5 minutes. The average writing time would
remain unchanged.
(d) How would the expected amount of time a lawyer can dedicate to the search for large
settlement cases change with this new operating policy?
4. Delivery time quotation
You will supply a batch of goods to a customer. The initial payment you will receive today (Day 0)
depends on the delivery time you promise in the following manner:
$500,000 – $1,000 x promised delivery time,
where the promised delivery time is given in number of days from today. For example, if you
promise to deliver a week (7 days) later, you will sign a contract and receive an initial payment
today in an amount equal to
$500,000 – $1,000 x 7 = $493,000.
After the contract is signed, there is no reward for delivering earlier than the promised date, but
there is a penalty of $6,000 for each day you deliver late beyond the promised time. For example,
suppose you promise to deliver in seven days. If you actually deliver on the ninth day, you will
have to pay a penalty of $6,000 x (9 ‐ 7) = $12,000 and your net revenue from the project is
$493,000 ‐ $12,000 = $481,000; on the other hand, if you deliver earlier, say on the fourth day,
you will not receive a bonus.
You estimate that the time you need to work things out and make the delivery has a normal
distribution with mean 45 days and standard deviation 10 days. What delivery time should you
promise if you want to maximize the expected net revenue?
5. Pendant Publishing
Pendant Publishing will publish the book “A Coffee Table Book about Coffee Tables” by a new
writer, Kramer. The unit variable cost of production to Pendant is $3. Pendant decides to do only
one production run and allow the retailers to order once. With the long production lead time,
ordering decisions have to be made several months before the retailers start to sell the book. A
bookstore, B&N, is going to order copies of the book from Pendant and sell it at a retail price of
$30 per copy. B&N estimates that demand for the book has a normal distribution with mean 2000
copies and standard deviation 500 copies. Leftover copies after the selling window (typically one
year) have zero value.
(a) Consider the hypothetical case that Pendant and B&N belong to the same owner who wants
to maximize the expected profit. What is the optimal order quantity?
(b) The current practice in the industry is a price‐only contract where Pendant sells the book at a
unit wholesale price to B&N. Suppose Pendant sets the wholesale price to $15. How many
copies should B&N order to maximize its expected profit?
(c) Kramer said, “From a supply chain perspective, you should produce a lot of my book since the
retail price of $30 is much higher than the production cost of $3. However, the price‐only
contract discourages B&N from ordering enough due to the high wholesale price, which
means a high marginal cost to B&N. Let’s modify the price‐only contract by a return policy.
B&N now pays a wholesale price of w = $17 for each unit that B&N orders from Pendant. At
the end of the selling window, leftover copies can be returned and Pendant will pay B&N a
credit of b = $15 for each unit that is returned. This will give B&N an incentive to order more.”
Under this return policy, how many books should B&N order from Pendant?
(d) Suggest a set of values for the wholesale price w and the return credit b > 0 that will induce
B&N to order the quantity you have calculated for part (a).
(e) A manager of Pendant thinks that the company should not accept returns because it is too
costly to process returned books. She suggests the following revenue‐sharing contract: B&N
pays a wholesale price of w = $5 for each copy, and in addition, it pays Pendant 40% of the
revenue from each copy that is sold (i.e., $12 per copy sold at the retail price of $30). Under
this revenue‐sharing contract, how many copies should B&N order from Pendant?