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Convection Transfer Equations

This chapter discusses convection transfer equations and dimensionless parameters. It introduces the Reynolds Analogy, which establishes an equivalence between the dimensionless momentum and energy equations under certain conditions. This allows the velocity and thermal boundary layer solutions to take the same form. Important non-dimensional parameters are also defined, including the Reynolds number (ratio of inertia to viscous forces), Prandtl number (ratio of momentum and thermal diffusivities), Nusselt number (dimensionless heat transfer coefficient), and Stanton number (relation between fluid friction and heat transfer). The Reynolds Analogy relates the Stanton and skin friction coefficients.

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A.N.M. Mominul Islam Mukut
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270 views9 pages

Convection Transfer Equations

This chapter discusses convection transfer equations and dimensionless parameters. It introduces the Reynolds Analogy, which establishes an equivalence between the dimensionless momentum and energy equations under certain conditions. This allows the velocity and thermal boundary layer solutions to take the same form. Important non-dimensional parameters are also defined, including the Reynolds number (ratio of inertia to viscous forces), Prandtl number (ratio of momentum and thermal diffusivities), Nusselt number (dimensionless heat transfer coefficient), and Stanton number (relation between fluid friction and heat transfer). The Reynolds Analogy relates the Stanton and skin friction coefficients.

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A.N.M. Mominul Islam Mukut
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Chapter 6(III)

Convection Transfer Equations

¾The Reynolds Analogy


¾Dimensionless parameters

Chapter 6 1
Reynolds Analogy

The Reynolds Analogy


• Equivalence of dimensionless momentum and energy equations for negligible
pressure gradient (dp*/dx*~0) and Pr~1:

∂u *
∂u *
1 ∂ 2 *
u
u *
+v *
=
∂x *
∂y *
Re ∂y*2
Advection terms Diffusion

∂T *
∂T *
1 ∂ 2 *
T
u *
+v *
=
∂x *
∂y *
Re ∂y*2
• Hence, for equivalent boundary conditions, the solutions are of the same form:
u* = T *
Re
∂u *
∂T
* Cf = Nu
= * 2
∂y* y* = 0
∂y y* = 0
Reynolds Analogy (cont.)

h Nu
Stanton number St ≡ =
ρVc p Re Pr

With Pr = 1, the Reynolds analogy, which relates important parameters of the velocity
and thermal boundary layers, is
Cf
= St
2
• Modified Reynolds (Chilton-Colburn) Analogy:
– An empirical result that extends applicability of the Reynolds analogy:
Cf 2
= St Pr 3
≡ jH 0.6 < Pr < 60
2
Colburn j factor for heat transfer

– Applicable to laminar flow if dp*/dx* ~ 0.

– Generally applicable to turbulent flow without restriction on dp*/dx*.


Important Non-dimensional Parameters
(2) Reynolds number may be interpreted as the ratio of inertia to
viscous forces in a region of characteristic dimension L.
ρVL VL
Re L ≡ =
μ v

ReL small viscous effects dominant


Ælaminar flow

ReL big inertia effects dominant


Æ turbulent flow
Important Non-dimensional Parameters
(2) Prandtl number (ν/α) is the main parameter which relates the
relative thickness of the HBL and TBL.
- The kinematic viscosity is about the momentum rate may diffuse
through the molecular motion.
- The thermal diffusivity tells us about the diffusion of heat
- The ratio dictates the magnitude of the hydrodynamic properties &
thermal properties in the fluid.

ν μ/ρ μc p - The Prandtl number is


Pr = = = dimensionless properties
α k / ρc p k

Where, μ - kg/ms; cp - kJ/kg C; k - kW/m C;


Liquids & Gases: Pr = 0.7; Liquid metal Pr = 0.01
Chapter 6 5
Important Non-dimensional Parameters
(2) Nusselt Number: Nu = hL h – HT coeff .(W/m2 C); L - length of the plate(m); k -W/m
k

(3) Stanton Number: Nu h


St = =
Re.Pr ρc p u α

This is useful in getting the relation between fluid friction and heat-transfer.
C fx
St x Pr 2/3 =
2
¾ The above eqn. expresses the relation between fluid friction & HT for laminar
flow on a flat-plate.
¾ The HT coefficient could thus be determined by making measurements of the
frictional drag on a plate under conditions in which no HT is involved.
¾ This relation between fluid friction & HT is called “Reynolds Analogy”.
Chapter 6 6

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