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2 Multiply Whole
Numbers
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eGames The numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4…

Worksheets
Key Vocabulary
Assessment
English Español
Propiedad Distributiva
Distributive Property
factor
factor
producto
product

58
When Will I Use This?

Your Turn!
You will solve thhiis teerrr.
problem in the chap

Multiply Whole Numbers 59

 Are You Ready You have two options for checking
Prerequisite Skills for this chapter.
for the Chapter?
Text Option Take the Quick Check below.

Multiply.

1. 6 × 3 2. 1 × 8 3. 5 × 4

4. 9 × 2 5. 7 × 8 6. 4 × 10

7. The cost of a coloring book is $2. Find the total

cost of 9 coloring books.

Write a multiplication problem for each. Then find

each product.

8. 8 groups of 6 pens

9. 3 rows of 7 chairs

10. 4 books at $2 each

11. There are 4 model car kits in each box. How many
kits are in 5 boxes?

Add.

12. 1,125 13. 256 14. 438

+ 32,060 + 1,470 + 2,040
−−−−−− −−−−−− −−−−−−

15. A Girl Scout troop sold 1,198 boxes of cookies last year.
This year they sold 204 more boxes than last year. Next
year the troop wants to sell 150 more boxes than this
year’s total. How many boxes of cookies does the troop
want to sell next year?

Online Option Take the Online Readiness Quiz.

60 Multiply Whole Numbers

Multi-Part
Lesson 1 The Distributive Property
PART A B C

Main Idea
I will use basic facts Multiplication Patterns
and patterns to
multiply multiples of Many water parks now offer surfing
10, 100, and 1,000 rides. About 900 gallons of water
mentally.
flow through these rides each
second.
Vocabulary
V
product In 1 second: 1 × 900 = 900 gallons
factor In 2 seconds: 2 × 900 = 1,800 gallons
In 3 seconds: 3 × 900 = 2,700 gallons
Get ConnectED Do you notice a pattern?

GLE 0506.2.5
Develop fluency in solving When two or more numbers are multiplied, the result is called
multi-step problems using
a product . The numbers that are multiplied are factors of the
whole numbers, fractions,
mixed numbers, and decimals. product.
Also addresses GLE 0506.1.5.
27 is the product
3 × 9 = 27 of 3 and 9.

3 and 9 are factors of 27.

You can multiply some numbers mentally by using basic facts and
patterns. Look at the pattern below.

3 × 9 = 27 ← basic fact
3 × 90 = 270 THINK 3 × 9 tens = 27 tens or 270
3 × 900 = 2,700 THINK 3 × 9 hundreds = 27 hundreds or 2,700
3 × 9,000 = 27,000 THINK 3 × 9 thousands = 27 thousands
or 27,000

Use Patterns to Multiply Mentally

Use a pattern to find 6 × 800 mentally.

Step 1 Write the basic fact. 6 × 8 = 48

Step 2 Continue the pattern. 6 × 80 = 480

6 × 800 = 4,800

The product of 6 and 800 is 4,800.

Lesson 1A The Distributive Property 61

 When multiplying factors that are multiples of 10, you can find
the product mentally by using basic facts and then counting
zeros in the factors.

Count Zeros to Multiply Mentally

Find 40 × 7,000 mentally.
Step 1 Write the basic fact. 4 × 7 = 28

Step 2 Count the number of 1 zero 3 zeros

zeros in each factor.

{
40 × 7,000
1 zero + 3 zeros = 4 zeros

Step 3 Write the zeros to the right 4 zeros

of the product from Step 1.

{
280,000
So, the product is 280,000.

If a basic fact ends wi

th SKATEBOARDS A truck is loaded with 50 boxes of
a zero, there is an skateboards. Each box weighs 60 pounds. What is the total
extra zero in the weight of the boxes?
product. In Example 3,
number of boxes weight per box
the first zero in 3,000
is from 5 × 6 = 30.
total weight = 50 × 60 basic fact: 5 × 6 = 30

Since there are 2 zeros in the factors, write 2 zeros to the right
of 30. So, 50 × 60 = 3,000. The boxes weigh 3,000 pounds.

Find
i d each product mentally. See Examples 1-3
1. 2 × 300 2. 8 × 40 3. 100 × 13 4. 3 × 9,000

5. 70 × 60 6. 500 × 70 7. 10 × 120 8. 800 × 500

9. Paulita reads an average of 20 pages each day. She has 6 days to

read 115 pages. Will she finish her reading in 6 days? Explain.

10. E TALK MATH Explain how many zeros are in the product 50 times 500.

62 Multiply Whole Numbers

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Find
Fi d each
h product
d t mentally.
t ll See Examples
l 1-3

11. 7 × 50 12. 80 × 2 13. 10 × 19 14. 60 × 80

15. 200 × 6 16. 9 × 500 17. 440 × 10 18. 70 × 200

19. 22 × 1,000 20. 3,000 × 20 21. 8,000 × 30 22. 8 × 4,000

23. 900 × 900 24. 400 × 500 25. 600 × 7,000 26. 5,000 × 300

27. A group of friends bought 7 concert 28. At a soccer tournament, there were 10
tickets for $30 each. How much did teams. If each team had 20 players, how
they spend on the tickets? many soccer players were there?

29. Each box contains 200 pencils. The 30. Measurement Some glaciers in Alaska
school store has 15 boxes of move forward 100 meters per day. At this
pencils. How many pencils does the rate, how far would these glaciers move
school store have? in 6 weeks?

To protect themselves from extreme hot or cold temperatures,

American Alligators dig burrows in the mud.
31. Suppose a group of alligators digs 10 burrows
that are each 65 feet long. What is the total length
of the burrows?

32. Suppose there are 20 alligators, each

ch
with 50 feet of burrows. What is the
e
total length of all the burrows?

33. OPEN ENDED Write three different pairs of factors that each
have a product of 240.

CHALLENGE Find each missing factor.

34. 5 ×  = 4,000 35. 60 ×  = 1,200 36. 20,000 =  × 500

37. 3 ×  = 2,100 38. 1,600 = 4 ×  39. 28,000 =  × 700

40. E WRITE MATH Explain how using basic facts can help you find
10 × 20 × 30 × 40 mentally. Then explain how you would find the product.

Lesson 1A The Distributive Property 63

Multi-Part
Lesson 1 The Distributive Property
PART A B C

Use Partial Products and

Main Idea the Distributive Property
I will explore When you multiply a digit by the place value of another digit,
multiplication with
the result is a partial product.
regrouping using
models.

Materials
paper and pencil
Find 5 × 17.

One Way: Area Model

10 + 7
Step 1 Draw a model and
find the partial 5 5 × 10 = 50 5 × 7 = 35
Get ConnectED products.

GLE 0506.2.5 Step 2 Add the partial 10 + 7

Develop fluency in solving
multi-step problems using products.
whole numbers, fractions, 50 5 5 × 10 = 50 5 × 7 = 35
mixed numbers, and decimals. + 35
85

Another Way: Paper and Pencil

Step 1 Multiply the ones and tens.

17
×5
35 5 × 7 ones = 35 ones
50 5 × 1 ten = 5 tens
Step 2 Add the partial products.
17
×5
35
+50
85
So, 5 × 17 = 85.

64 Multiply Whole Numbers

When you use partial products, you are also using a property
called the Distributive Property.

Use the Distributive Property

Find
i d 7 × 56. 56

Step 1 Model 7 × 56.

7

Step 2 Think of 7 × 56 50 + 6
as
(7 × 50) + (7 × 6). 7 7 × 50 7 ×6

Step 3 7 × 56 50 + 6
= (7 × 50) + (7 × 6)
= 350 + 42 7 350 42
= 392

So, 7 × 56 = 392.

About It
1. How do area models show the partial products method?

2. In Activity 2, why does the Distributive Property break 56 into

50 and 6?
3. How would you use the Distributive Property to find 6 × 36?

and Apply It
Multiply. Use models if needed.
4. 4 × 16 5. 6 × 81 6. 7 × 29

7. Thirty-eight fish are in each aquarium. How many fish are

there in five aquariums?

8. E WRITE MATH Explain why it is easier to think of

8 × 53 as (8 × 50) + (8 × 3) instead of as (8 × 49) + (8 × 4).

Lesson 1B The Distributive Property 65

Multi-Part
Lesson 1 The Distributive Property
PART A B C D E

Main Idea
I will use the The Distributive Property
Distributive Property
to multiply mentally. The table shows the costs for
activities at a fun center. How
Vocabulary
V much would it cost one person
Distributive Property to do both activities?

Cost per
Activity
Get ConnectED Person
bumper boats $4
laser tag $6
GLE 0506.2.5
Develop fluency in solving
multi-step problems using
whole numbers, fractions,
How much would it cost 8 people to do both activities shown
mixed numbers, and decimals. above? There are two ways to find the answer.

One Way: Multiply 8 by the cost for 1 person.

cost for 1 person

{

8 × (4 + 6) = 8 × 10 or $80

Find the cost of 8 bumper boat rides and

Another Way: 8 laser tag games. Then add.
cost of 8 boat rides cost of 8 games
{

(8 × 4) + (8 × 6) = 32 + 48 or $80

Using either method, the total cost for 8 people is $80. This
shows that 8 × (4 + 6) = (8 × 4) + (8 × 6). The Distributive
Property combines addition and multiplication.

Distributive Property

To multiply a sum by a number, multiply each addend by the

number. Then add.
3 × (5 + 2) = (3 × 5) + (3 × 2)

66 Multiply Whole Numbers

 Use the Distributive Property
R
Rewrite 7 × (20 + 6) using the Distributive Property. Then
evaluate.
e
7 × (20 + 6) = (7 × 20) + (7 × 6) Distributive Property
= 140 + 42 THINK 7 × 20 = 140 and
7 × 6 = 42
= 182 Add 140 and 42 mentally.

M
Multiply Mentally
MONEY For a field trip, 42 students each paid $3 for
transportation. Use mental math and the Distributive
Property to find how much money was collected.
40 2
3 120 6

3 × 42 = 3 × (40 + 2) Write 42 as 40 + 2.
The numbers 120 and
.
6 are partial products
= (3 × 40) + (3 × 2) Distributive Property
= 120 + 6 Multiply.
= 126 Add.
So, $126 was collected for the field trip.

Rewrite each expression using the Distributive Property.

Property Then
evaluate. See Example 1
1. 5 × (10 + 8) 2. 2 × (20 + 1) 3. 4 × (10 + 5)

Find each product mentally using the Distributive Property. Show the
steps that you used. See Examples 1, 2
4. 6 × 13 5. 3 × 52

6. 5 × 26 7. 4 × 69

8. 2 × 49 9. 7 × 23

10. Measurement A horse is 17 hands tall. If 1 hand

equals 4 inches, how tall is the horse in inches?

11. E TALK MATH Explain how to use the Distributive

Property to find a product mentally.

Lesson 1C The Distributive Property 67

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Begins on page EP2.
R
Rewrite
it eachh expression
i using
i ththe Di
Distributive
t ib ti P Property.
t
Then evaluate. See Example 1
12. 7 × (10 + 3) 13. 2 × (50 + 3) 14. 3 × (10 + 4)

15. 4 × (20 + 2) 16. 2 × (30 + 1) 17. 6 × (20 + 4)

Find each product mentally using the Distributive Property.

Show the steps that you used. See Examples 1, 2
18. 2 × 38 19. 4 × 61 20. 3 × 14 21. 5 × 74

22. 25 × 6 23. 52 × 3 24. 2 × 31 25. 3 × 63

26. Mr. Collins is buying 5 train tickets 27. Measurement Melanie runs
for $36 each. What is the total cost 23 miles each week. Use the
of the tickets? Show your steps. Distributive Property to find how
many miles she runs in 9 weeks.
Show your steps.

28. In each bag, there are 3 blueberry 29. Admission to a theme park is $28
bagels and 3 raisin bagels. If you have and lunch costs $9. Use the Distributive
35 bags of bagels, how many bagels Property to find the cost of 4 tickets
do you have? Show your steps. and 4 lunches. Show your steps.

30. FIND THE ERROR Dylan is using the Distributive Property

to simplify 6 × (9 + 4). Find his mistake and correct it.

6×9+4

31. CHALLENGE The Distributive Property also combines subtraction

and multiplication. For example, 3 × (5 - 2) = (3 × 5) - (3 × 2).
Demonstrate how you could use the Distributive Property and
mental math to find 5 × 198.

32. E WRITE MATH Use the Distributive Property to evaluate 8 × 62.

Check your work using pencil and paper. Which method is easier?

68 Multiply Whole Numbers

 Test Practice

33. The table shows the number of hours 35. When you multiply two multiples of
each week that Taran and Amelia 10, which is a true statement about
volunteer. Which expression can be the product?
used to find the total number of A. It always has the same number
hours they volunteer in 4 weeks? of zeros as the factors combined.

Student Number of Hours B. It always has one less zero than

Amelia 2 the factors combined.
Taran 1
C. It never has the same number of
A. 4 × 2 × 1 zeros as the factors combined.

B. 4 × (2 + 1) D. It always has the same number

of zeros or more zeros as the
C. 4 + 2 + 1
factors combined.
D. 4 × (2 - 1)

34. Mark wants to solve the equation 36. Greg used an area model to
below. show 6 × 37.
7
7 × 28 = 
6
(6 × ) + (6 × 7)
Which equation will help him solve
the problem? Which factor will help Greg find
F. (7 + 20) × (7 + 8) =  the product?
F. 3
G. (7 × 20) × (7 × 8) = 
G. 6
H. (7 × 20) + (7 × 8) = 
H. 30
I. (7 + 20) + (7 + 8) = 
I. 35

Find each product mentally. (Lesson 1A)

37. 40 × 20 38. 7 × 3,000 39. 1,500 × 10

40. Mrs. Wheeler has 20 students in her class. Each

student paid $30 for activity fees. How much did
Mrs. Wheeler collect for activity fees? (Lesson 1A)

Lesson 1C The Distributive Property 69

Multi-Part
Lesson 2 Multiply by One-Digit Numbers
PART A B C

Main Idea
I will estimate products Estimate Products
by using rounding and
compatible numbers. When a problem asks about how many, you can use
estimation, rounding, and compatible numbers.

Get ConnectED

GLE 0506.1.2 ANIMALS About 13 harp seal

Apply and adapt a variety pups live in each square mile
of appropriate strategies to
problem solving, including of Greenland. About how many
estimation, and reasonableness pups live in a 92-square-mile
of the solution.
area?
Estimate the product of 92
and 13.

One Way: Round one factor.

THINK It is easier to compute 92 × 10 than 90 × 13.

92 → 92
× 13 → ×____
____ 10 Round 13 to the nearest ten.
920 Find 92 × 10 mentally.

Another Way: Round both factors.

92 → 90 Round 92 to the nearest ten.

× 13 → ×____
____ 10 Round 13 to the nearest ten.
900 Find 90 × 10 mentally.

Another Way: Use compatible numbers.

92 → 100
× 13 → _____
____ × 13 100 and 13 are compatible numbers because
1,300 they are easy to multiply mentally.

So, 92 × 13 is about 900, 920, or 1,300. There are between

900 and 1,300 pups in a 92-square-mile area.

70 Multiply Whole Numbers

 SCHOOL Mountain View Elementary
is sending 21 boxes of magazines
to a school in Paraguay. There
are 154 magazines in each box.
About how many magazines
are they sending?
Estimate the product of 21 and 154.

One Way: Round each factor to its greatest place value.

154 → 200 Round 154 to the nearest hundred.

× 21 → × 20 Round 21 to the nearest ten.
4,000 Find 200 × 20 mentally.

Another Way: Round each factor to the nearest ten.

154 → 150 Round 154 to the nearest ten.

× 21 → × 20 Round 21 to the nearest ten.
3,000 Find 150 × 20 mentally.

So, 154 × 21 is about 3,000 or 4,000. They are sending

about 3,000 or 4,000 magazines.

You can also use compatible numbers when a factor is close to

25 or 50.

Compatible Numbers
BIKING Tyson makes bike ramps. He can make 26 bike
ramps in a week. About how many can he make in eight
weeks?
Multiplication problems
can be written 8 × 26 → 8 × 25 Replace 26 with 25.
horizontally and 8 × 25 = 200 THINK Eight quarters are the same as
vertically. $2.00. So, 8 × 25 is 200.
So, Tyson can make about 200 bike ramps in eight weeks.

Lesson 2A Multiply by One-Digit Numbers 71

Estimate by rounding or using compatible numbers
numbers. Show
your work. See Examples 1-3
1. 42 2. 32 3. 218 4. 131
× 16
_____ × 18
_____ × 6
_____ × 29
_____

5. 61 × 68 6. 98 × 83 7. 392 × 46 8. 450 × 21

9. 4 × 24 10. 6 × 48 11. 12 × 27

12. Measurement If a heart rate is 72 13. E TALK MATH Show two different
beats per minute, about how many ways you could estimate 312 × 18.
times does it beat in an hour? Show
how you estimated.

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Begins on page EP2.
Estimate by rounding or using compatible numbers. Show
your work. See Examples 1-3
14. 6 15. 7 16. 106 17. 127
× 33
_____ × 68
_____ × 52
_____ × 8
____

18. 42 19. 76 20. 508 21. 19

× 89
_____ × 78
_____ × 27
_____ × 238
______

22. 88 × 31 23. 64 × 91 24. 17 × 939 25. 58 × 118

26. 79 × 56 27. 33 × 84 28. 729 × 42 29. 609 × 44

30. 8 × 51 31. 8 × 24 32. 16 × 26

33. For a school assembly, students sit in chairs that are arranged in
53 rows. There are 12 chairs in each row. About how many students
can be seated? Show your work.

34. Measurement The table shows the number of

pounds of apples that were harvested each day.
Estimate how many pounds of apples were
harvested. Show your work.

35. In one week, a campground rented 18 cabins at

$225 each. About how much did they collect in
rent? Show how you estimated.

72 Multiply Whole Numbers

 Science Sound travels through
different materials at different speeds.
For example, the graph shows that in
1 second, sound travels 5,971 meters
through stone. However, it travels only
346 meters through air in 1 second.

For Exercises 36–39, estimate to find

the distance that sound travels through
each material in each given time.

36. air, 20 seconds

37. aluminum, 12 seconds

38. water, 3 seconds

39. Estimate how much farther sound travels through stone

in 17 seconds than through aluminum in the same time.

40. OPEN ENDED Use the digits 1, 3, 5, and 7 to create two whole
numbers whose product is estimated to be about 600.

41. CHALLENGE Without calculating, which of the following methods

gives a more accurate answer when estimating 42 × 13? Explain.
a. increase both factors b. decrease both factors

42. FIND THE ERROR Rico is estimating 139 × 18.

Find his mistake and correct it.

100 × 10 = 1,000

43. E WRITE MATH Write a real-world problem in which an exact

answer is not needed.

Lesson 2A Multiply by One-Digit Numbers 73

Multi-Part
Lesson 2 Multiply by One-Digit Numbers
PART A B C

Main Idea
I will multiply up to a Multiply by One-Digit
three-digit number by a
one-digit number. Numbers
Grace and her three friends
Get ConnectED each paid $38 for an admission
ticket to an amusement
GLE 0506.2.5 park. The total paid can be
Develop fluency in solving found by multiplying 4 and 38.
multi-step problems using
whole numbers, fractions,
mixed numbers, and decimals.
You have used an area model to multiply numbers like
Also addresses GLE 0506.1.7. 4 and 38.
30 + 8

4 120 32

So, 4 × $38 = 120 + 32 or $152.

You can also use an area model to multiply expressions with

greater numbers.

Use an area model to find 5 × 317.

Step 1 Draw a model and find the partial products.

300 + 10 + 7

5 1,500 50 35

Step 2 Add the partial products.

1,500 Multiply the hundreds. 5 × 300

50 Multiply the tens. 5 × 10
+ 35 Multiply the ones. 5 × 7
−−−−
1,585 Add the partial products.

So, 5 × 317 = 1,585.

74 Multiply Whole Numbers

 Two-Digit and
Three-Digit Numbers
SPELLING Karen was
preparing for a spelling
bee. She studied about
28 pages of the dictionary
every day. How many
pages did Karen study
in one week?

Multiply 28 by 7, the number of days in one week.

Estimate 30 × 7 = 210
Step 1 Step 2
Multiply the ones. Multiply the tens.
5 5
28 28
× 7 7 × 8 = 56 ones
−−− × 7 7 × 2 tens = 14 tens
−−−
6 196 14 + 5 = 19 tens

Karen studied 196 pages. Compare to the estimate.

RIDES A large Ferris wheel seats 260 people. How many

people can ride it in 9 rides?
u Estimate 260 × 10 = 2,600
By estimating first, yo
can determine if your
answer is reasonable. Step 1 Multiply the ones. 260
Regroup if necessary. × 9
−−−
0 9 × 0 = 0 ones

5
Step 2 Multiply the tens. 260
Add any new tens. × 9
−−−
Regroup if necessary. 40 9 × 6 tens = 54 tens

5
Step 3 Multiply the hundreds. 260 9 × 2 hundreds =
Add any new hundreds. × 9 18 hundreds
______
Regroup if necessary. 2,340 18 + 5 = 23 hundreds

So, 2,340 people can ride the Ferris wheel in 9 rides.

Lesson 2B Multiply by One-Digit Numbers 75

Multiply. Use an area model if needed.
Multiply needed See Examples 11—33

1. 42 2. 61 3. 314 4. 18
× 2
−−− × 5
−−− × 9
−−− × 8
−−−

5. 5 × 31 6. 208 × 3 7. 47 × 6 8. 7 × 624

9. One 747 airplane can carry 420 passengers. Will two of these planes
be able to carry 1,000 people? Explain.

10. E TALK MATH Describe each step for finding 416 × 3.

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Multiply.
M lti l Use
U an area model
d l if needed.
d d See Examples
l 1—3

11. 21 12. 32 13. 52 14. 401

× 3 × 6 × 9 × 7
−−−
−−− −−− −−−

15. 143 16. 72 17. 64 18. 712

× 9 × 4 × 5 × 3
−−−
−−− −−− −−−

19. 211 × 7 20. 82 × 5

21. 8 × 16 22. 67 × 8

23. 341 × 4 24. 5 × 182

15 ft
25. 806 × 7 26. 6 × 97

27. Measurement The world’s largest cactus is 5 times

as tall as the cactus shown. How tall is the world’s
largest cactus?

28. Northeast Elementary School purchased 5 new

computer systems. Each system cost $1,468. What
was the total cost?

29. In the auditorium, there are 9 rows of seats with

18 seats in each row. There are also 6 rows of seats
with 24 seats in each row. How many seats are there
in the auditorium?

76 Multiply Whole Numbers

Use the information to solve the problem.

Pizza Party
We are going to
order 6 pizzas
for the party.

30. What is the total cost of the 6 pizzas, not including tax?

31. Measurement Malcolm ran the 440-yard dash and the

220-yard dash at a track meet. There are 3 feet in one yard.
How many total feet did Malcolm run?

32. CHALLENGE Explain why the product of a two-digit number

and a one-digit number can never be a four-digit number.
33. NUMBER SENSE Catalina multiplied 842 and 3 and got 3,526.
How can she check to see if her answer is reasonable?

34. E WRITE MATH Write a real-world problem that can be solved

by multiplying a three-digit number by 3.

Test Practice

35. A total of 189 36. SHORT RESPONSE Collin

people visited the bought 7 flats of flowers. Each flat
wildlife reserve this contains 24 flowers. How many
week. Which best flowers did he buy?
represents the amount of money
collected from ticket sales?
A. less than $200
B. between $200 and $240
C. between $2,000 and $2,400
D. more than $2,400

Lesson 2B Multiply by One-Digit Numbers 77

 Multi-Part
Lesson 2 Multiply by One-Digit Numbers
PART A B C

Problem-Solving Strategy: Draw a Picture

Main Idea I will solve problems by drawing a picture.

FFor the school carnival, there will be

game booths in the school parking
g
lot. Each game booth is 7 feet wide and
must be 5 feet from the next booth. The
booths at each end must be at least
10 feet from the end of the parking lot.
The parking lot is 82 feet long. Find the
greatest number of game booths that
can be placed.

Understand What facts do you know?

• The parking lot is 82 feet long.
• Information about the size and layout of th
the b
booths.
th
What do you need to find?
• The greatest number of game booths the carnival can have.

Plan Draw a picture to solve.

Solve First, mark off 10 feet from each end. Then, mark 7 feet for
a game booth and 5 feet of space until you have no more
space remaining.

82 ft

10 ft 7 ft 7 ft 7 ft 7 ft 7 ft 10 ft
5 ft 5 ft 5 ft 5 ft

65 ft 7 ft 10 ft
Since there is only 7 feet remaining, there is not enough space to
have a sixth booth. They can have 5 booths.

Check Look back. The space for 5 game booths is 5 × 7 or 35 feet. The
space needed at the ends is 10 + 10 or 20 feet. The space needed
between the booths is 5 × 4 or 20 feet. So, 35 + 20 + 20 =
75 feet and 75 < 82. So, the answer makes sense.

GLE 0506.1.2 Apply and adapt a variety of appropriate strategies to problem solving, including estimation,
and reasonableness of the solution. Also addresses GLE 0506.1.4.

78
7 Multiply Whole Numbers
Refer to the problem on the previous page.
1. Explain how drawing a picture 3. Determine the greatest number of
helped you solve the problem. game booths that could be built if the
parking lot was 97 feet long.

2. Explain whether you think drawing a 4. Describe a real-world situation in

picture is the best strategy to solve this which you could use the draw a
problem. picture strategy.

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5. A 1-mile long scenic route has 8. Aaron is boxing up meals for a local
signposts placed every 40 yards. There charity. Each box contains 8 meals. If
are signposts placed at the beginning he has 24 boxes to fill, how many total
and end of the mile. How many meals can he box?
signposts are there? 20 + 4

8 8 × 20 8×4
6. Measurement A table has the
dimensions shown below.
12 ft
9. Measurement The picture below
shows the length and width of a
4 ft bookmark. Find the number of
bookmarks this size that can be cut
from a piece of fabric whose length
There are microphones on the table
is 24 inches and whose width is
placed every 2 feet along the edges.
36 inches.
There is also a microphone placed at
äFK
each corner. How many microphones
are on the table?
äFK

7. Aiden is going to the amusement park

and has $50 to spend. He must pay 10. Ernie has a piece of wood that is
$22 for admission and $12 for lunch. 43 inches long. How many 13-inch
Use the bar diagram to determine how pieces can he cut from the wood? Is
many $4 games he can play with the there any wood remaining?
remaining money.

$50 11. E WRITE MATH How can words and

numbers be used with the draw a
admission lunch ? games
picture strategy?

Lesson 2C Multiply by One-Digit Numbers 79

Mid-Chapter
Check

Find each product mentally. (Lesson 1A) 19. MULTIPLE CHOICE Which is the best
estimate for the product of 502 and
1. 9 × 60 2. 200 × 40
423? (Lesson 2A)
3. 80 × 50 4. 1,000 × 17
F. 2,000
5. 300 × 100 6. 70 × 5,000 G. 20,000
H. 200,000
7. Measurement The distance around
a skating rink is 420 feet. If Anthony I. 2,000,000
skates around the rink 10 times, how
far does he skate? (Lesson 1A) 20. The table shows the results of a canned
food drive. Estimate the total number
Find each product mentally using the of cans collected in all four classes.
Distributive Property. Show the steps that Show how you estimated. (Lesson 2A)
you used. (Lesson 1C)
Class Number of Cans
8. 5 × 17 9. 3 × 71 1 415
2 402
10. 6 × 25 11. 2 × 37
3 380
12. 4 × 43 13. 2 × 31 4 426

14. MULTIPLE CHOICE A set of bleachers Multiply. (Lesson 2B)

has 8 rows of seats. Each row can seat
21. 43 × 2 22. 17 × 9
25 people. If the bleachers are full,
how many people are seated on the 23. 102 24. 513
bleachers? (Lesson 1C) × 4
_____ × 6
_____
A. 17
B. 33
25. E WRITE MATH Zoe is cutting
9 pieces of wire like the one shown
C. 100 below for her science fair project. How
D. 200 much wire does she need? Estimate
and then solve. Compare your estimate
Estimate by rounding or compatible with the actual amount.
numbers. Show your work. (Lesson 2A) (Lessons 2A and 2B)

15. 39 × 8 16. 17 × 62

17. 114 18. 285

× 48
_____ × 56
_____

80 Mid-Chapter Check
Multi-Part
Lesson 3 Multiply by Two-Digit Numbers
PART A B C

Main Idea
I will multiply up to a Multiply by Two-Digit
three-digit number by a
two-digit number. Numbers
You have already learned how to multiply by one-digit
Get ConnectED numbers using an area model. You can also use an area
model to multiply two-digit numbers.
GLE 0506.2.5
Develop fluency in solving
multi-step problems using Use an Area Model to
whole numbers, fractions,
mixed numbers, and decimals.
Find Products
Use an area model to find 27 × 35.
35
Step 1 Draw a rectangle.

27

30 5
Step 2 Separate the
tens and ones.
20

30 5
Step 3 Find each
partial product.
Then add. 20 20 × 30 = 600 20 × 5 = 100

20 × 30 = 600 7 7 × 30 = 210 7 × 5 = 35
20 × 5 = 100
7 × 30 = 210
7×5 = + 35
−−−−
= 945
So, 27 × 35 = 945.

Lesson 3A Multiply by Two-Digit Numbers 81

 Multiply Two-Digit
Numbers
COYOTES Coyotes
can run up to
44 feet per second
on land! At this
rate, how many
feet could a coyote
run in 12 seconds?
Multiply 44 and 12. Estimate
timate 44 × 10 = 440

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

Multiply the ones. Multiply the tens. Add.
44 44 44
× 12
_____ × 12
−−−− × 12
−−−−
88 44 × 2 = 88 88 88
440 44 × 10 = 440 + 440
−−−−
528

So, a coyote could run 528 feet in 12 seconds.

Multiply Three-Digit Numbers

Find 165 × 31. Estimate 200 × 30 = 6,000
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3
Multiply the ones. Multiply the tens. Add.
165 165 165
× 31
−−−− × 31
−−−− × 31
−−−−
165 165 × 1 = 165 165 165
4950 165 × 30 = 4,950 + 4950
−−−−−
5115
So, 165 × 31 = 5,115. Compare to the estimate.

Multiply. See Examples 11—33

Multiply
1. 32 2. 26 3. 104 4. 102
× 13
−−−− × 45
−−−− × 12
−−−− × 56
−−−−
5. 21 × 42 6. 69 × 14 7. 83 × 367 8. 534 × 67
9. A cow can eat 25 pounds of hay a day. 10. E TALK MATH Describe how addition
At that rate, how many pounds of hay is used when you multiply by two-digit
can a cow eat in 31 days? numbers.

82 Multiply Whole Numbers

 EXTRA 0R
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2A )# E
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Begins on page EP2.
Multiply.
M lti l See Examples
l 1—3

11. 24 12. 39 13. 13 14. 51

× 21
−−−− × 34
−−−− × 54
−−−− × 82
−−−−

15. 141 16. 229 17. 470 18. 321

× 25
_____ × 31
−−−− × 56
−−−− × 64
−−−−

19. 19 × 15 20. 43 × 65 21. 72 × 36 22. 23 × 84

23. 48 × 101 24. 441 × 20 25. 281 × 52 26. 347 × 89

27. Measurement A delivery truck 28. Leon earns $14 an hour. How much
travels 278 miles each day. How far does he earn in 4 weeks if he works
does it travel in 25 days? 12 hours each week?

29. Marshall’s mother buys 2 boxes of 30. Ms. Jenkins was arranging chairs for a
granola bars each week. Each box school awards assembly. Each row
contains 8 granola bars. If she contained 15 chairs. If there were 21
continues buying 2 boxes each rows, how many chairs had to be
week, how many granola bars will arranged?
she buy in a year?

31. Each day, a person loses about 75 32. Mr. Walsh has 26 students in his class.
strands of hair. About how many Each student must pay $35 for a trip to
strands of hair will a person lose the museum. How much does
in one year? Mr. Walsh collect altogether?

33. Measurement Alicia lives in 34. The table below shows Katrina’s
Nashville. Last year her family drove prices for dog walking. If she walks
to Atlanta each month to visit her 5 medium-sized dogs and 8 large-sized
grandmother. Find the total distance dogs for 12 weeks, how much will she
they drove for the year. earn?

Destination City One-Way Dog Type Cost Per

er Week ($)
From Nashville Distance (mi)
Small 10
Atlanta 249
Medium 12
Raleigh 540
Large 14

Lesson 3A Multiply by Two-Digit Numbers 83

35. CHALLENGE Find 235 × 124. Use the same strategy for multiplying
by a three-digit number that you used for multiplying by a two-digit
number except include multiplying by the hundreds place.

36. E WRITE MATH Choose four different numbers from 1 through 9

to create a multiplication problem that gives you the greatest
product. Explain how you know it is the greatest.

Test Practice

37. Each day there are 7 tours at the 38. The table shows the average number
glass factory. Twenty-eight people of meals a restaurant makes each
can go on a tour. How many people day. About how many dinners does
can tour the glass factory each day? the restaurant make in a two-week
A. 156 period?
Number of Lunches 225
B. 180
Number of Dinners 425
C. 196
F. 9,100 H. 2,975
D. 200
G. 5,950 I. 850

39. Measurement Leslie is making jewelry. She has a piece

of wire that is 81 inches long. She uses a piece that is 3 inches
long to make a pair of earrings. Find the number of 6-inch
pieces she can cut from the remaining piece to make bracelets.
Use the draw a picture strategy. (Lesson 2C)

Multiply. (Lesson 2B)

40. 27 41. 48 42. 62
× 4
−−− × 6
−−− ×5
____
43. 78 44. 208 45. 327
× 5
−−− × 3
−−− × 6
−−−
46. Mr. Batista was buying supplies for a picnic. He bought
6 packages of cups with 36 in each package. Use the
Distributive Property to find the number of cups he
bought. Show the steps you used. (Lesson 1C)

84 Multiply Whole Numbers

What’s the Difference? You will need: 0–9 spinner, paper
Multiplying Two Numbers

Get Ready!
Players: 2 players

Get Set!
Make a spinner as shown.

Each player needs a sheet of 0 1 2

paper and a pencil. 9 3
Go! 8 4
7
6 5
Each player spins the
spinner four times to make
a multiplication problem
with two two-digit factors or
a one-digit and a three-digit
factor.

Each player then spins four

times to make a different
multiplication problem with
two two-digit factors or a
one-digit and a three-digit
factor.

Each player finds the

product of each of his or her
problems. Then the players
find the difference between
the two products.

The player with the greater

difference wins the round.

Play 5 rounds.

Greater
Grea
Gr
What’s
eate
te
er the
Number
Numb
Numb
Nu mber
Difference?
er Game
Gam
amee 85
85
Multi-Part
Lesson 3 Multiply by Two-Digit Numbers
PART A B C

Main Idea
I will use the associative Multiplication Properties
and commutative
properties to multiply Gabriela has five $2 bills and
nd
mentally. Noriko has two $5 bills. They
hey
each have the same amount. unt.

Get ConnectED 5 × $2 = $10

GLE 0506.2.5 2 × $5 = $10

Develop fluency in solving
multi-step problems using
whole numbers, fractions,
mixed numbers, and decimals. The order in which you multiply numbers does not matter. This
and other properties of multiplication are listed below.

Multiplication Properties

Associative Property The way in which factors are

grouped does not change the product.
Example (9 × 2) × 5 = 9 × (2 × 5)

Commutative Property The order in which factors are

multiplied does not change the product.
Example 4 × 8 = 8 × 4

Identity Property The product of any factor and 1 equals

the factor.
Example 16 × 1 = 16

Identify Multiplication Properties

Identify the multiplication property used to rewrite the
problem below.
7 × 11 = 11 × 7

The order of the factors changed.

This is the Commutative Property.

86 Multiply Whole Numbers

 Use Properties to
Multiply Mentally
SPORTS A coach had 2 groups of 16 players in each group.
Each player had to score 5 goals. Use properties of
multiplication to find the total number of goals scored.
Since you can easily multiply 2 and 5, change the order and
group the numbers together.

2 × 16 × 5 = 2 × 5 × 16 Commutative Property
It is easier to multiply
mentally if you can = (2 × 5) × 16 Associative Property
find products that are
= 10 × 16 Find 2 × 5 mentally.
multiples of 10.
= 160 Find 10 × 16 mentally.

RUNNING Brenda ran 45 minutes a day, 5 days a week for

20 weeks. Use properties of multiplication to find the total
number of minutes she ran.
45 × 5 × 20 = 45 × (5 × 20) Associative Property

= 45 × 100 Find 5 × 20 mentally.

= 4,500 Find 45 × 100 mentally.

Identify the multiplication property used to rewrite each

problem. See Example 1
1. 6 × 100 × 7 = 6 × 7 × 100 2. (8 × 2) × 3 = 8 × (2 × 3)

Use properties of multiplication to find each product mentally.

Show your steps and identify the properties that you used.
See Examples 2, 3

3. 5 × 2 × 34 4. 2 × 51 × 50 5. (8 × 4) × 5

6. 4 × (25 × 6) 7. 9 × 500 × 2 8. 200 × 14 × 5

9. For a party, Shandra and James each bought 5 packages

of hot dog buns, with 12 buns in each package. How many
hot dog buns did they buy altogether?

10. E TALK MATH Explain how you could use mental math
and multiplication properties to find 50 × 35 × 2.

Lesson 3B Multiply by Two-Digit Numbers 87

 EXTRA 0R
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Begins on page EP2.
Identify
d if the
h multiplication
l i li i property used
d to rewrite
i each
h
problem. See Example 1
11. 15 × 2 = 2 × 15 12. 3 × (9 × 10) = (3 × 9) × 10

13. 71 × 1 = 71 14. 4 × 13 × 5 = 4 × 5 × 13

Use properties of multiplication to find each product mentally.

Show your steps and identify the properties that you used.
See Examples 2, 3

15. 16 × 2 × 5 16. 25 × 4 × 27 17. 20 × (5 × 15)

18. 40 × (11 × 5) 19. 5 × 17 × 2 20. 200 × 5 × 9

21. 50 × (20 × 13) 22. (16 × 25) × 4 23. 50 × 38 × 2

24. 200 × 5 × 44 25. 20 × 56 × 50 26. 4 × 23 × 250

Algebra Find the number that makes each sentence true.

27. 4 × 3 × 8 = 4 ×  × 3 28. 40 × (2 × 11) = (40 × ) × 11

29. (28 × 7) × 5 = 7 × (28 × ) 30. 12 × 9 × 4 = 4 ×  × 12

31. Elijan and 4 of his friends are each paid $20 per afternoon for
stuffing envelopes. If they work 8 afternoons, what is the total
amount of their earnings?
"EST "EST

32. Each package of juice contains 6 cans. Each

ST
"E

carton of juice contains 8 packages of juice.

"E

If you have fifty cartons, how many cans of

ST

"EST
juice do you have? "EST "EST "EST "EST
"
"E
" EST "E
" EST "E
" EST

33. Replace the  in 87 ×  × 5 with a number

greater than 10 so that the problem is easy
to solve mentally. Explain.

34. OPEN ENDED Write a multiplication sentence to show how the

Associative Property can help you solve a problem mentally. Explain.

35. CHALLENGE Show the steps and the properties of multiplication

that you could use to find 4 × 96 × 25 × 50 × 2 mentally.

36. E WRITE MATH Without calculating, is the statement

(7 × 5) × 4 = 5 × (7 × 4) true or false? Explain your reasoning.

88 Multiply Whole Numbers

 Test Practice

37. A school has 13 classrooms with 38. The Stallions basketball team has
28 desks in each room. All the sold out their last 8 home games.
desks in the school are being used Their gym has 50 rows. Each row
by students. How many students has 20 seats. How many people
are using the desks? have attended the 8 games?
A. 41 C. 244 F. 80,000 H. 800

B. 182 D. 364 G. 8,000 I. 80

Properties
Transitive Property
In the balance on the left, the prism and the two cylinders have the
same mass. On the right, the same two cylinders have the same mass
as the pyramid. We can reason that the prism and the pyramid have the
same mass.

The Transitive Property states if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

Zero Property
The Zero Property states that the product of any number and
zero is zero.
4×0=0 3×9×0=0
39. Using the balances shown below, what statement can be made
using the Transitive Property?

40. If 6 + 4 = 10 and 10 = 4 + 6, what conclusion can you make

using the Transitive Property?

41. E WRITE MATH Explain whether it would be easier to use the

Associative Property or the Zero Property to find the product of
40 × 50 × 0.

Lesson 3B Multiply by Two-Digit Numbers 89

 Multi-Part
Lesson 3 Multiply by Two-Digit Numbers
PART A B C

Problem-Solving Investigation
Main Idea I will choose the best strategy to solve a problem.

MAI: I noticed that there were more dogs

than cats in the veterinarian’s waiting
room. The vet said that for about every
3 dogs he sees, he sees 2 cats. If 20
animals were brought in, I wonder how
many would be dogs?
YOUR MISSION: Find about how many dogs
the vet will see if 20 animals come
into the office.

Understand You know that for every 3 dogs, there are 2 cats. You
need to find the number of dogs.

Plan To solve this problem, you can use red and yellow counters
to act out how many dogs and cats the vet will see.

Solve Use red counters to represent the dogs and yellow

counters to represent the cats. Place 3 red counters and
2 yellow counters in a group. Make groups of 5 counters
until you have 20 counters.

Add the number of red counters to find about how many

dogs the vet will see.
3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12
So, about 12 of the animals will be dogs.

Check Work backward. Start with 12 red counters and 8 yellow

counters. Remove groups of 3 red and 2 yellow counters
until none remain.

GLE 0506.1.2 Apply and adapt a variety of appropriate strategies to problem solving,
including estimation, and reasonableness of the solution.

90 Multiply Whole Numbers

 EXTRA 0R
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2A )# E
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Begins on page EP2.
• Four-step plan.
• Act it out. 6. Cameron has $40 in his bank
account and his brother, Caden,
has $35. Caden saves $5 per week
Use any strategy to solve each problem. and Cameron saves $4 per week.
In how many weeks will they both
1. Zach purchases two books. The total
have the same amount in their
cost is $32. One book costs $8 more
accounts?
than the other. How much does each
book cost?

7. Algebra A certain type of bacterial

2. Four friends ran a race. Benny finished
cell doubles every 10 minutes. Use
after Diego and before Alana. Marcia
the table to determine how many
finished after Benny but before Alana.
cells there will be after 60 minutes.
Who won the race?

Minutes Number of Cells

3. Measurement A recipe for banana
0 1
nut muffins calls for 1 cup of bananas
10 2
and 2 cups of flour. Eboni wants to
20 4
make more muffins than the recipe
30 8
yields. In Eboni’s batter, there are
60 
6 cups of flour. If she is using the
recipe as a guide, how many cups of
bananas will she need? 8. Erica is saving money to buy a new
hamster cage. In the first week, she
4. A gel pen at a craft store costs saved $24.80. Each week after the
$1.05. Lucinda wants to buy three first, she saves $6.50. How much
gel pens. She has $5 to spend. money will Erica have saved in six
Estimate the amount of change she weeks?
will receive.

9. Austin is having a birthday party

with 7 people. He asks the guests
to introduce themselves and shake
hands with each of the other
guests. How many handshakes
will there be?

5. Mr. Clark buys about 15.8 gallons of

gas each week for his car. Each gallon 10. E WRITE MATH What strategy did
costs $2.79. Estimate how much will he you use to solve Exercise 9? Explain
spend in 5 weeks? why your strategy makes sense.

Lesson 3C Multiply by Two-Digit Numbers 91

 Th W
The Wright
i ht b
brothers
th were O that
On th t cold
ld December
D b day,
d th
the
self-trained engineers from Ohio Wright brothers made four flights
who designed, built, and piloted in their flyer. On the first flight,
the first engine-powered airplane. which was piloted by Orville Wright,
On December 17, 1903, the Wright the flyer traveled 120 feet in
brothers completed the world’s first 12 seconds. On the fourth flight,
successful controlled flight. They Wilbur flew 852 feet in 59 seconds.
later named the flyer the Kitty
Hawk, after the location in North
Carolina near where they made this Wright Brothers’
historic flight. 1903 Flight Data
The temperature at Kitty Hawk Flight Distance (ft)
on this day was 34°F, but because
1 120
of the wind chill factor, the
temperature felt like 8°F. These 2 175
might not have been the most 3 200
comfortable weather conditions,
4 852
but the winds definitely helped
the Wright Brothers’ flyer to stay
in the air!

92 Multiply Whole Numbers

 Before their
experiments with
airplanes, the
Wright brothers were
successful bicycle
manufacturers.

Orville and Wilbur Wright

Use the information and the table to solve each problem.

1 How much farther was the fourth 4 During the fourth flight, Wilbur flew
flight than the first flight? about 14 feet per second. If he kept
a constant speed, about how many
2 During the first flight, Orville flew feet did he fly in 15 seconds?
about 10 feet per second. If he
were to keep that speed, how 5 The flyer weighed about 605 pounds.
many feet would he have flown If one pound is equal to 16 ounces,
in 25 seconds? about how many ounces did the flyer
weigh?
3 If Orville kept his speed during the
first flight for one minute, about 6 S
Suppose Orville Wright’s weight was
how many feet would he have 178 pounds at the time of the flight.
flown? What was the combined weight of
the flyer and Orville Wright?

Problem Solving in Social Studies 93

Chapter Study
Guide and Review

Be sure the following Vocabulary

Big Ideas are written
in your Foldable. Distributive Property

factor

product
Who Multip
le N ly
umb
The
Dist e rs
Mult ribu
tive

Vocabulary Check
iply Prop
by O erty
Mult ne-D
iply igit
by T Num
wo- bers
Digit
Num
bers
State whether each sentence is true
or false. If false, replace the
underlined word or number to
make a true sentence.
Key Concepts 1. In the sentence 8 × 2 = 16,
Multiplying Mentally (Lesson 1) the numbers 8 and 2 are factors
• You can multiply multiples of 10 mentally of 16.
by using basic facts and then counting
zeros in the factors. 2. The result when two numbers
are multiplied is called a
2 zeros 1 zero
difference
300 × 60 = 18,000 3 zeros
3. According to the Distributive
Distributive Property (Lesson 1) Property, 2 × (3 + 1) =
• To multiply a sum by a number, multiply (2 × 3) + (2 × 1).
each addend by the number. Then add.
4. To estimate 38 × 186, you could
5 × (10 + 2) = (5 × 10) + (5 × 2) find 40 × 200.

Multiplying Whole Numbers 5. When you multiply 80 and 70, the

(Lessons 2 and 3) result has 4 zeros.
• The steps for multiplying by one- and
two-digit numbers are similar. 6. The sentence 2 × 85 = 85 × 2
is an example of the Associative
14 14 Property.
___3
× _ × 23
_____
42 42 14 × 3 = 42
280 14 × 20 = 280
7. The Identity Property states that
____
322 a number multiplied by 1 equals
the number.

94 Multiply Whole Numbers

Multi-Part Lesson Review
Lesson 1
The Distributive Property
Multiplication Patterns (Lesson 1A)

Find each product mentally. EXAMPLE 1

8. 50 × 3 9. 26 × 10 Find 20 × 70 mentally.
The basic fact is 2 × 7 = 14. Now count
10. 80 × 90 11. 300 × 4 the zeros in the factors.
1 zero 1 zero
12. 420 × 100 13. 500 × 600
20 × 70
14. A bank cash machine has 600
The product will have 1 + 1 or 2 zeros.
$20 bills. What is the total value
Write 2 zeros to the right of 14.
of the $20 bills in the machine?
20 × 70 = 1,400

The Distributive Property (Lessons 1B and 1C)

Rewrite each expression using the EXAMPLE 2

Distributive Property. Then evaluate. Rewrite 2 × (40 + 1) using the
15. 4 × (20 + 6) Distributive Property. Then evaluate.
2 × (40 + 1)
16. 3 × (60 + 1)

17. 7 × (10 + 2) = (2 × 40) + (2 × 1) Distributive Property

Find 2 × 40
= 80 + 2
and 2 × 1.
18. 2 × (80 + 1)
= 82 Add.

Find each product mentally using the EXAMPLE 3

Distributive Property. Show the steps Find 3 × 24 mentally.
that you used.
3 × 24
19. 3 × 17 20. 2 × 28 = 3 × (20 + 4) Write 24 as 20 + 4.

21. 8 × 31 22. 3 × 65
= (3 × 20) + (3 × 4) Distributive
23. Mia fills 45 pages of her photo album Property
with photos that she took. If she puts THINK: 3 × 20 = 60
4 photos on each page, how many = 60 + 12
and 3 × 4 = 12
photos are in the album? = 72 Add 60 and 12.

Chapter Study Guide and Review 95

 Chapter Study Guide and Review

Lesson 2
Multiply by One-Digit Numbers
Estimate Products (Lesson 2A)

Estimate by rounding or compatible EXAMPLE 4

numbers. Show your work. Estimate 21 × 38.
24. 42 25. 13 Round each factor to the nearest ten.
× 16
_____ × 65
_____
21 → 20 21 is rounded to 20.
× 38 →
_____ × 40 38 is rounded to 40.
−−−
26. 791 27. 521 800
× 9
_____ × 27
_____ So, 21 × 38 is about 800.

28. 81 × 815 29. 312 × 259

EXAMPLE 5

30. Measurement A steamboat Estimate 46 × 107.

tour guide makes the 148-mile Round each factor to its greatest
trip between Birmingham, Alabama, place value.
and Chattanooga, Tennessee, four
46 → 50 46 is rounded to 50.
times. Estimate the total number of × 107 →
______ × 100 107 is rounded to 100.
miles she travels. Show your work. −−−−
5,000
So, 46 × 107 is about 5,000.

Multiply by One-Digit Numbers (Lesson 2B)

Multiply. EXAMPLE 6

31. 43 32. 67 33. 112 Find 7 × 54.

×2 ×4 ×5
−−− −−− −−− Estimate 7 × 50 = 350
2
34. 6 × 32 35. 5 × 142 36. 381 × 3 Step 1 Multiply the 54
ones. Regroup. ×7
8
37. A group uses 8 rafts on a white
water rafting trip. Each raft carries 2
Step 2 Multiply the 54
14 people. How many people go
tens. Add the ×7
rafting?
new tens. 378

So, 7 × 54 = 378. Since 378 is close to

the estimate, the answer is reasonable.

96 Multiply Whole Numbers

 Problem-Solving Strategy: Draw a Picture (Lesson 2C)

Solve by drawing a picture. EXAMPLE 7

38. Rudy’s bedroom wall is 13 feet wide. Tony’s garden is a square 12 feet long.
He wants to place two equal-size He wants to plant shrubs 4 feet apart
picture frames side by side along the around the garden. There will be a
wall so that the distance between each shrub in each corner. How many shrubs
frame and each edge of the wall is will he need?
4 feet. If each picture frame is 2 feet Make a
wide, how many feet of space will be drawing of
4 ft
between the two frames? the garden
and the
39. A camp is putting a rope fence in shrubs. 4 ft
a lake to mark the end of the
swimming area. The rope is 60 yards 4 ft
long. A buoy is placed at the beginning
of the rope. Another buoy is placed
4 ft 4 ft 4 ft
every 10 yards. A buoy is placed at
the end of the rope. How many buoys Tony will need 12 shrubs.
are there?

Lesson 3
Multiply by Two-Digit Numbers
Multiply by Two-Digit Numbers (Lesson 3A)

Multiply. EXAMPLE 8

40. 12 41. 71 42. 108 Find 26 × 34.

× 14 × 23 × 55
−−− −−−− −−−− Step 1 Step 2 Step 3
43. 52 × 130 44. 42 × 312 Multiply the Multiply the Add.
ones. tens.
45. 19 × 63 46. 761 × 85 2 1
26 26 26
47. Measurement A giant salamander × 34 × 34 × 34
−−− −−− −−−
weighs about 45 pounds. If 1 pound 104 104 104
780 + 780
equals 16 ounces, how many ounces −−−−
does a giant salamander weigh? 884
So, 26 × 34 = 884.

Chapter Study Guide and Review 97

Chapter Study Guide and Review

Multiplication Properties (Lesson 3B)

Use properties of multiplication to find EXAMPLE 9

each product mentally. Show your steps Use properties of multiplication to find
and identify the properties that you (14 × 2) × 5 mentally.
used.
(14 × 2) × 5
48. 4 × 28 × 25 49. (19 × 20) × 5 = 14 × (2 × 5) Associative Property

50. 10 × 4 × 7 51. 15 × (4 × 5) = 14 × 10 Find 2 × 5 mentally.

= 140 Find 14 × 10 mentally.
52. 100 × 32 × 3 53. 25 × (4 ×17)

54. Algebra What is the value of  in

the equation below?

(35 × 4) × 5 = 35 × ( × 5)

Problem-Solving Investigation: Choose the Best Strategy (Lesson 3C)

Solve each problem. EXAMPLE 10

55. Find five consecutive odd numbers Algebra For a science experiment,
that have a sum of 65. Miss Washington added 6 drops of
salt water to a solution on Day 1. She
56. Marina bought 3 sweaters and 2 pairs added 11 drops on Day 2 and 16 drops
of pants that coordinate. If she wears on Day 3. If the pattern continues, how
only her new clothes, how many days many drops of salt water will she add
will pass before she must repeat an on Day 5?
outfit?
Day 1 2 3 4 5
57. There are four rabbits. Fluffy is larger Drops 6 11 16 21 26
than Max but smaller than Cotton.
Max is larger than Pepper. Which +5 +5 +5 +5
rabbit is the smallest? So, on Day 5, she will add 26 drops of
salt water.

98 Multiply Whole Numbers

 Practice
Chapter Test
Find each product mentally. 15. Measurement The area of a
rectangle is the product of its length and
1. 400 × 5 2. 60 × 7,000
width. What is the area of the rectangle
Find each product mentally using the below in square centimeters?
Distributive Property. Show your work.
34 cm
3. 4 × 35 4. 3 × 27

5. 5 × 63 6. 2 × 49 62 cm

7. The sports center is buying new 16. MULTIPLE CHOICE Identify the
equipment. Use the table to find the multiplication property that is shown
cost of 7 kickballs and 5 basketballs. in the sentence below.
(14 × 2) × 50 = 14 × (2 × 50)
Ball Cost F. Commutative H. Distributive
Basketball $11
Kickball $14 G. Associative I. Identity
Soccer ball $19
17. A technician installed speakers around
a square auditorium. She places 10
speakers on each side and one at each
Estimate. Show your work. corner. How many speakers did she
8. 92 9. 410 install? Use the draw a picture strategy.
× 31
_____ × 77
_____
18. Identify the multiplication property that
10. MULTIPLE CHOICE Each hour, about is shown in the sentence below.
88 people visit a particular tourist 4×1=4
attraction in Florida. At this rate, 19. Waban, Josie, and Jacylyn like
about how many people will visit the mysteries, biographies, and science
attraction in four hours? fiction, but not necessarily in that order.
A. 360 C. 270 Josie does not like mysteries or
biographies. Jacylyn does not like
B. 320 D. 240 mysteries or science fiction. Which type
of book does each like to read?
Multiply.

11. 46 12. 108

20. E WRITE MATH Four people can sit
× 15
_____ × 21
_____ at a table. If two tables are put
together, 6 people can be seated. How
13. 53 14. 179 many tables are needed to make a long
× 30
_____ × 12
_____ table that will seat 12 people? Explain.

Practice Chapter Test 99

 Test Practice

A souvenir shop has 51 boxes of seashells

in stock. Each box contains 9 shells. Which You can use the Associative
number is the best estimate for the total Property of Multiplication to
number of shells? change the way the factors
are grouped.
A. 380 C. 420
B. 400 D. 450

Read the Test Item

You need to estimate the total number of shells.

Solve the Test Item

You know the souvenir shop has 51 boxes of
seashells with 9 shells in each box. To estimate the
total number of shells, round 51 to 50 and multiply.

So, the total number of seashells is about 50 × 9 or

450 shells. The answer is D.

Read each question. Then fill in the correct answer on the

answer sheet provided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper.

1. Kenny has 250 stickers in his collection. 2. GRIDDED RESPONSE How much
He has 40 stickers more than Placido larger is the area of Colorado than
and 25 stickers less than Paloma. How Utah, in square miles?
many stickers does Paloma have?
State Area (sq mi)
A. 210
Colorado 104,185
B. 225 Utah 84,876
C. 275
D. 290

100 Multiply Whole Numbers

3. A car rental company has 7 luxury cars 6. During the first week of school, Mrs.
and 22 sedans on its lot. Each vehicle Mease asked each of her students to
has 4 wheels. How many wheels are bring in three boxes of tissues. If
there altogether at the car rental there are 12 boys and 15 girls in
company lot? Mrs. Mease’s classroom, how many
F. 84 boxes of tissues will there be?
F. 71
G. 108
G. 81
H. 116
H. 84
I. 122
I. 92

4. The price of a stock over the past

4 weeks is shown in the table. If the 7. SHORT RESPONSE Show how to
pattern continues, what will the price use the Distributive Property to find
be after 5 weeks? 4 × (9 + 6).

Week 1 2 3 4 5
8. Mrs. O’Brien has 28 calculators in her
Price ($) 1.00 1.80 2.60 3.40 ?
classroom. If each calculator takes
4 batteries, how many batteries are
A. $3.80 needed altogether?
B. $4.00 A. 112
C. $4.10 B. 116
D. $4.20 C. 118
D. 124

5. SHORT RESPONSE There are 9

tables in the school cafeteria. Each 9. GRIDDED RESPONSE A car
table can seat 12 people. If every table wash company charges $9 per car. If
is full, how many people are seated in 86 cars were washed in one day, how
the cafeteria at the same time? Draw a much money, in dollars, would the
diagram to solve. company collect?

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Test Practice 101