ape Unit 2 English short vowels ‘The exercises in this Tape Unit practise the six short vowels introduced in Chapter 2. When pronouncing them, you should take care to give the vowels the correct length and the correct quality. Exercise 1 Repetition Listen and repeat: It bie bit bid bid him him miss mis bet bet bed bed hen hen mess mes bat best bad baed ham haem mass mees Sat bud bad bun ban bus bas ast pot cod kod Tom tom loss tos pat pot wood wud pull pul push pof Exercise 2. Identification Write the symbol for the vowel you hear in each word. (1... 10) Check your answers. Exercise 3 Production When you hear the number, pronounce the word (which is given in spelling and in phonetic symbols). Repeat the correct pronunciation when you hear it, Example: 1. ‘Mad’ 1. mad mad 7. put put 2. mud mad 8. pot pot 3. bit bit 9; men men 4. bet bet 10. man meen 5. cut kat 11. fun fan 6. cot kot 12. fan fen 195196 Tape Unit 3: Long vowels, diphthongs and triphthongs Exercise 4 Short vowels contrasted Listen and repeat (words given in spelling): tand e@ bit bet tin ten fill fell built belt lift left Aand bo dug, dog cup cop rub rob stuck stock luck lock e and hem set peck send wreck © and lock, cod pot shock crock e @ and a ham lack luck | sat bad bud \ pack fan fun | sand stamp stump : rack flash flush u look could put shook crook Long vowels Exercise 1 Repetition Listen and repeat: iz beat bi:t a: heart ha:t a: caught ko:t u root ru:t 3: hurt ha:t bead bi:d hard had cord ko:d rude ru:d heard ha:d been bi:n harm ha:m corn ko:n room ru:m earn a:n beef bi:f hearth ha:@ course ko:s roof ru:f earth 3:0Tape Unit 3: Long vowels, diphthongs and triphthongs Exercise 2 Production When you hear the number, pronounce the word. Repeat the correct pronunciation when you heat it. 1. heard ha:d 6. 2. been bi:n 7. 3. root rut 8. 4, hearth ha:6 9. 5. caught ko:t 10. heart ha:t cord ko:d beef bi:f tude ru:d earn 3:n Exercise 3 Transcription Write the symbol for the vowel you hear in each word. (1...10) M > Check your answers. Exercise 5 Transcription » Exercise 4 Long-short vowel contrasts Listen and repeat (words in spelling): i: and 1 a: and a a: and @ feel fill calm come part pat bead bid cart cut lard lad steel still half huff calm Cam reed rid lark luck heart hat been bin mast = must harms hams o: and o uz and o 3: and a caught cot pool pull hurt hut stork stock suit soot turn ton short shot Luke look curt) cut cord cod wooed wood girl gull port pot fool full bird bud a: and 0 dark — dock part pot fark lock balm bomb large lodge Write the symbol for the vowel (long or short) you hear in each word. (1... 10) ™@ > Check your answers. 197198 Tape Unit 3: Long vowels, diphthongs and triphthongs Diphthongs Exercise 6 Repetition Listen and repeat, making sure thar the second part of the diphthong is weak. er mate melt made meid main mein mace MeIs at right rart ride raid thyme ram _rice ras or quoit kort buoyed bord Boyne bain Royce rots au coat kaut code kaud cone ken close klaus av gout gavt loud laud gown gaun louse laus rc feared fied Tan ten. fierce fras eo cared kead cairn kean, scarce skeas or) moored muad fuel fjval Exercise 7 Transcription Write the symbol for the diphthong you hear in each word. (1.2.12) Check your answers. Triphthongs Exercise-8 Repetition Listen and repeat: era layer lera eue lower lave ara liar lara ava tower tava ara loyal floralTape Unit 4: Plosives | it4 Plo Tape Exercise 1 Repetition of initial plosives INITIAL FORTIS p, t, k Each word begins with a fortis plosives notice that the plosive is aspirated. Listen and repeat: paw po: care keo tea tiz two tu: car kaz key ki: pie pat tar ta: toe tau Pay per INITIAL LENIS b, d, g Each word begins with a lenis plosive; notice that there is practically no voicing of the plosive. Listen and repe bee bi: gear gio door do: boy bor go gau dear dia bear bea bough bau do du: day det INITIAL SP, St, Sk The plosive must be unaspirated. Listen and repeat: spy spar score ko: : spear spa stay ster spare speo sky ska steer sta spar spa: Exercise 2 Repetition of final plosives In the pairs of words in this exercise one word ends with a fortis plosive * and the other ends with a lenis plosive. Notice the length difference in the vowel. Listen to each pair and repeat: 199Tape Unit 4: Plosives Fortis followed by lenis Lenis followed by fortis mate made merit meid code coat kaud kavt rope robe raup reub bid bic bid bit leak league — lizk lrg lobe lope laub laup } cart card kazt ka:d heard hur ha:d hast i back bag —rbaek baeg brogue broke —_ braug brauk ! ' Exercise 3 Identification of final plosives / You will hear the twenty words of Exercise 2. Each will be one of a pair. You must choose whether the word is one ending with a fortis plosive or the one ending with a lenis plosive; when you hear the word, say “fortis” if you heard the word on the left, or “lenis” if you heard the word on the right. You will then hear the correct answer and the word will be said again for you to repeat. Example: ‘coat’ FORTIS LENIS coat kaut code kaud leak fi league lizg hurt haz heard h3:d bit brt bid bid mare mert made meid lope laup lobe laub back baek bag beeg cart kazt card ka:d broke bravk —_ brogue braug rope raup robe raub. FORTIS LENIS mate meit made meid coat keut code kaud leak li:k league li:g rope raup. robe raub hurt hast heard ha:d broke brauk rogue braug lope laup lobe laub bir brt bid brd back beek bag beg cart kazt card ka:d Each of the words which follow ends with a plosive. Write the symbol for cach plosive when you hear the word. Each will be said twice. (1... 10) Check your answers. Exercise 4 Repetition of words containing plosives The following words contain several plosives. They are given in spelling and in transcription. Listen and repeat: potato pateitay topic topik petticoat petikaut partake pa:terk cupboard kabad decapitated dikzeprtertid pocket pokit carpeted ka:pitid bodyguard bodiga:d tobacco tabaekeu doubted dautd decode di:kaud bigoted bigatid about abautTape Unit 5: Revision Exercise 5 Reading of words in transcription When you hear the number, pronounce the word given in transcription taking care to pronounce the plosives correctly and putting the strongest stress on the syllable preceded by the stress mark '. You will then hear the correct pronunciation, which you should repeat. 1. di'bert 6. ‘'ga:did 2. ‘kopid 7. ‘dedikertid 3. ‘batakap 8. ‘paedak 4. ‘koku: 9. bu:'ti:k 5. dr'kerd 10. ‘zeprtart (You will find these words in spelling form in the answers section.) Tape U. Eta Exercise 1 Vowels and diphthongs Listen and repeat (words given in spelling): a: and 3: er and e at and a: barn burn fade fed life laugh are err sale sell tight tart fast first laid led pike park cart. curt paste pest hide hard lark lurk late ler spike spark: or and 9: av and 9: ta and i: toy tore phone fawn fear fee coin corn boat bought beard bead boil ball code cord mere = me. boy bore stoke stork steered steed foil fall bowl ball peer pea eo and er e@ and 13 ve and 9: dare day fare fear poor paw stared stayed pair _pier sure shore pairs pays stare steer moor more hair hay air ear dour door mare may snare sneer tour tore 201Tape Unit 5: Revision Exercise 2. Triphthongs Listen and repeat: e19 player plera ara tyre tare a1 loyal loreal 908 mower mave ava shower fave Exercise 3 Transcription of words You should now be able co recognise all the vowels, diphthongs and triphthongs of English, and all the plosives. In the next exercise you will hear one-syllable English words composed of these sounds. Each word will be said twice. You must transcribe these words using the phonemic symbols that you have learned in the first three chapters. When you hear the word, write it with phonemic symbols. (1...20) Now check your answers. Exercise 4 Production The following are all English words; they are given only in phonemic transcription, When you hear the number you should say the word; you will chen hear the correct pronunciation, which you should repeat. If you want to see how these words are spelt when you have finished the exercise, you will find them in the answers section. Le kisp 11. dak baut 12. keup kap 13. dog da:t 14. kavad bak 15. betk keb 16, tard gert 17. bred . kead 18. put ). tarad 19. bag 10. ba:d 20. daut SND HRExercise § Fortis/lenis discrimination When you hear the word, say “fortis” if you hear it as ending with a fortis consonant, and “lenis” if you hear it as ending with a lenis consonant. You will then hear the correct answer and the word will be said again for you to repeat. FORTIS LENIS 1. right rast ride raid 2. bat beet bad beed 3. bet bet bed bed 4. leak lizk league lizg 5. feet fist feed fi:d 6. right rart tide raid 7. tack taek tag teg 8. rope reup robe reub 9. mate mert made meid 10. beat bi:t bead bi:d eee Tat Me cee Laer Exercise 1 Repetition of words containing fricatives Listen and repeat (words given in spelling and transcription): f fin fin offer ofa laugh la:f v vat Veet over auva leave lizv 8 thing 61n method me@ad _ breath bre@ 36 these 6i:z other ada breathe brid s sad seed lesser lesa moss mps z 200 Zu: lazy lei lose lu:z { show Jau washing wofin rush raf 3 measure Meza rouge fu:3 h hot hot beehive bi:harv Exercise 2 Identification Write the symbol for the fricative you hear in each word. a) initial position: (1...5) b) medial position (6... 10) c) final position (11... 15) WM Now check your answers. 203Tape Unit 6: Fricatives and affricates Exercise 3 Production When you hear the number, pronounce the word, giving particular attention to the fricatives. You will chen hear the correct pronunci- ation, which you should repeat. 1. Oi:z these 6. ff6 fifth 2. ferO faith 7. fivaz shivers 3. hede heather 8. brherv behave 4. si:fo: seashore 9. sizza seizure 5. fedaz feathers 10. leefiz lashes Exercise 4 Repetition of fricative and affricate pairs Listen and repeat: a) Initial { and tf Jop t{op (shop, chop) fist tfist (sheet, cheat) Jusz tfu:z (shoes, choose) 6) Medial [ and tf lisfiz liztfz (leashes, leaches) woJirn wotfin (washing, watching) beefiz beet[z (bashes, batches) : c) Final J and tf meef meet{ (mash, match) kaef keet{ (cash, catch) wif wrt[ (wish, witch) d) Medial 3 and d3 lega ledge (leisure, ledger) pleza pledge (pleasure, pledger) li:zan li:dgan (lesion, legion)‘ } Tape Unit 7: Further consonants Exercise 5 Discrimination between fricatives and affricates You will hear some of the words from Exercise 4. When you hear the word, say “A” if you hear the word on the left or “B” if you hear the word on the right. You will then hear the correct answer and the word. will be said again for you to repeat. A fop tfop keel ket] wofin wotfin fu:z tfu:z lizgan lisdgan beefiz baetfiz fist tfict lego ledge lisfiz listfiz wif witf pleze pledge meaj meets pe Unit 7 urther consonants Exercise 1 Repetition of words containing a velar nasal Listen and repeat; take care not to pronounce a plosive after the velar nasal. heen hana sinin ron rag beenmn On nn Exercise 2 9 with and without g Words of one morpheme Words of two morphemes Listen and repeat: Listen and repeat: finge finger sine singer i aenga anger heena hanger beenge Bangor lonin longing hange hunger nani ringing, zengl angle baeena banger 205‘Tape Unit 7: Further consonants Exercise 3. “Clear” and “dark” | “Clear \" before vowels Listen and repeat: fat lie lav low lu:s loose laud loud lick leak to: law “Dark I” before pause Listen and repeat: fil fill perl pale bel bell mat! mile nil kneel kal kill “Dark |" before consonants Listen and repeat: help help _ferld failed fl8 filth milk milk belt belt well Welsh Exercise 4 r Listen and repeat, concentrating on not allowing the tongue to make contact with the roof of the mouth in pronouncing this consonant: eann airing reare rarer risratt rewrite hen herring teranst terrorist mira mirror aerau arrow ro: roaring Exercise 5 j andw Listen and repeat: ju: you wel way jo:n yawn wo: war jie year win win joe your wee wearTape Unit 8: Consonant clusters | Exercise 6 Dictation of words ‘When you hear the word, write it down using phonemic symbols. Each word will be said three times; you should stop your tape if you need more time for writing. (1...12) Check your answers. Tape Unit 8 Consonant clusters Exercise 1 Devoicing of|, r, w, j When I, t, w, j follow p, t or k in syllable-initial position they are produced as voiceless, slightly fricative sounds. Listen and repeat: pier play tre1 tray kira clear pret pray twin twin krat cry pju: pew tiu:n tune ju: queue Exercise 2. Repetition of initial clusters TWO CONSONANTS Listen and repeat: spot spot play plough staun stone twist twist skert skate kri:m cream sft sphere pjva pure smail smile fleim flame sneu sn--y fnnk shrink slaem slam vju: view switf switch Owo:t thwart THREE CONSONANTS Listen and repeat: . spler splay stret stray skru: screw spret spray stju: stew skwoJ squash spju: spew skju: skewTape Unit’8: “Consonant clusters Exercise 3 Final plosive-plus-plosive clusters a) When one plosive is followed by another at the end of a syllable, the second plosive is usually the only one that can be clearly heard. | In this exercise, take care not to make an audible release of the first plosive, Listen and repeat: paekt packed nigd rigged ' beegd bagged dakt duct dropt dropped _lept leapt robd robbed —_graebd grabbed b) Itis difficult to hear the difference between, for example, ‘dropped back’ and ‘drop back’, since in the normal pronunciation only the last plosive of the cluster (the b of baek) is audibly released. The main difference is that the three-consonant cluster is longer. Listen and repeat: A B greebd bau grabbed both graeb bau® grab both laikt 6am liked them lak 6am like them hopt bek hopped back hop baek hop back lukt fo:wad looked forward luk fo:wad look forward pegd daun pegged down peg daun peg down wipt kri:m whipped cream wip kri:m whip eream Exercise 4 Recognition Look at the items of Exercise 3(b) above. When you hear one of them, say “A” if you hear an item from the left-hand column, or “B” if you hear one from the right-hand column. You will then hear the correct answer and the item will be said again for you to repeat. (1...6) Exercise 5 Final clusters of three and four consonants Listen and repeat: helps helps nekst next siks® sixth reind3d ranged @zenkt thanked risks risks ed3d edged rist{t reached twelf@s twelfths teksts textsTape Unit 9: Weak syllables Exercise 6 Pronouncing consonant clusters When you hear the number, say the word. You will then hear the correct pronunciation which you should repeat. | 1. skreipt 5. kranft 2. grad3d 6. Braunz 3. klaudz 7. pland3d 4. sknpts 8. kwen{ (The spelling of these words is given in the answers section.) Tape Unit 9 Weak syllables Exercise 1 “Schwa” a TWO+SYLLABLE WORDS WITH WEAK FIRST SYLLABLE AND STRESS ON THE SECOND SYLLABLE Listen and repeat: Weak syllable spelt ‘a’ about a'baut ahead a‘hed again e'gen Spelt ‘0° obtuse ab'tju:s oppose 8'pauz offend a'fend Spelt ‘u’ suppose sa'pauz support se'po:t suggest sa'd3est Spelt ‘or’ forget fa'get forsake fa'setk forbid fa'bid Spelt ‘er’ perhaps pe'heeps _ percent pa'sent. perceive po'siv Spelt ‘ur’ survive Sa'vary surprise Se'praiz survey (verb) sa'ver TWO-SYLLABLE WORDS WITH WEAK SECOND SYLLABLE AND STRESS ON THE FIRST SYLLABLE Listen and repeat: Weak syllable spelt ‘a’ ballad ‘beelad Alan ‘alan necklace ‘neklas Spelt ‘0 melon 'melan paddock ‘paedak purpose 'p3:pes Spelt ‘e” hundred 'handred © sullen ‘salen open ‘aupan210 Tape Unit 9: Weak syllables Spelt ‘u’ circus 'S3:kes Autumn 'o:tem album ‘aelbam Spelt ‘ar’ tankard 'teenked custard ‘kasted _ standard ‘steendad | Spelt ‘or” juror ‘d3uere major ‘merd3o manor ‘mene Spelt ‘er’ longer ‘longa eastern ‘i:sten mother ‘mado Spelt ‘ure’ nature ‘nertfa posture ‘postfa creature ‘kri:t{a Spelt ‘ous’ ferrous ‘feras vicious ‘vias gracious ‘greifas Spelt ‘ough’ thorough ‘@ara borough ‘bara Spelt ‘our’ saviour ‘servja succour ‘saka colour ‘kala THREE-SYLLABLE WORDS WITH WEAK SECOND SYLLABLE AND STRESS ON THE FIRST SYLLABLE Listen and repeat: Weak syllable spelt ‘a’ : workaday ‘wa:kader roundabout 'raundabast Spelt ‘o” customer ‘kastama pantomime ‘peentamaim Spelt ‘u’ perjury ‘p3:d3eri venturer ‘ventfara Spelt ‘ar’ standardise 'steendedaz jeopardy ‘dgepadi Spelt ‘er wonderland ‘wandalaend __ yesterday ‘jesteder Exercise 2 Close front vowels WEAK INITIAL SYLLABLES WEAK FINAL SYLLABLES Listen and repeat: Listen and repeat: excite Ik'sart. resume r'zjt city ‘stti many 'meni exist 1g'Zist relate m'lert funny ‘fani lazy ‘lei inane r'nein effect r'fekt easy ‘i:zi only ‘aunli device dr'vas ellipse rips busy ‘brzi lady ‘letdiTape Unit 10: Word stress Exercise 3 Syllabic | Listen and repeat: bottle ‘bot} bottled 'bot!d bortling ‘botlm muddle 'mad| muddled 'madid muddling 'madlin tunnel ‘tan] tunnelled ‘tanld tunnelling ‘tanjin wrestle ‘res| wrestled ‘resid wrestling ‘reslin Exercise 4 Syllabic n Listen and repeat: burden ‘b3:dn burdened 'b3:dnd burdening 'b3:dnin frighten ‘frartn frightened ‘frattnd —_ frightening ‘frartnin listen ‘isn listened ‘snd listening ‘lsqun Exercise 5 Transcription Transcribe the following words when you hear them, giving particular attention to the weak syllables, Each word will be said twice. If you need more time for writing, stop your tape and restart it when you are ready for the next word. (1... 10) M Now check your answers. Tape Unit 10 Word stress Exercise 1 Stress marking When you hear the word, repeat it, then place a stress mark‘ before the stressed syllable. enimi enemy sebtreekt subtract kalekt collect elifant elephant kaepzt! capital @bz3:ve observer ka:netfn carnation proftt profit peeredais paradise entatein entertain Now check your marking with the correct version. aqt212 Tape Unit 10: Word stress Exercise 2. Pronouncing from transcription The following are British place-names. When you hear the number, Pronounce them with the stress as marked. You will then hear the correct pronunciation, which you should repeat. 1. ‘frewzbri 6. 'ba:minam i 2. pol'perau 7. no:'Bzempten ' 3. zeba'dizn 8. dan'di: | 4. wulve'hempten 9. ‘keentabri 5. zeba'nstwa8 10. ‘berinsteuk (The spelling for these names is given in the answers section.) Exercise 3 Placing stress on verbs, adjectives and nouns When you hear the number, pronounce the word with the appropriate stress. You will then hear the correct pronunciation, which you should repeat. TWO-SYLLABLE WORDS VERBS 1. disi:v deceive 2. fa:pan sharpen 3. kalekt collect 4. pranauns pronounce 5. kopi copy . abdgekt object . konke conquer mkozd record . polif polish ). dipend depend Swann ADJECTIVES. 1. i:zi easy 6. jelow yellow 2. kempli:t complete 7. aili early : 3. meid3a major 8. sablaim sublime 4. alaun alone 9. hevi heavy 5. bilav below 10. alarv alive NOUNS 1. bifap bishop 6. pfis office 2. aespekt aspect 7. evel array 3. afea affair 8. patraut patrol 4. ka:pit carpet 9. dentist dentist 5. difizt defeat 10, o:tam AutumnTHREE-SYLLABLE WORDS VERBS . entatein entertain rezarekt resurrect . ebeenden abandon . diltva deliver . Interapt interrupt wpene ADJECTIVES 1. impo:tnt important 2, ina:mas enormous 3. denttkt derelict 4. desim| decimal 5. gebno:m| abnormal NOUNS . fa:nit{a furniture . diza:ste disaster . zembjalans ambulance won Tape Unit 11: Complex word stress. . ist elicit . komendia commandeer . Imaed3in imagine . dita:min determine ). separelt separate . inslant insolent . feenteestik fantastic . Negativ negative . aekjarat accurate . anlatkli unlikely . kaBi:dral cathedral . holako:st holocaust }. traenzista transistor . aeksidnt accident 1 2. 3. disap} disciple 4. 5. Swann . kwontiti quancity ). tama:tau tomato BE om i LL) ek ed Exercise 1 Stress-carrying suffixes When you hear the number, pronounce the word with stress on the suffix. You will then hear the correct pronunciation which you should repeat. 1. -ain: entertain ,enta‘tein 2. -ee: refugee ,refju'dgi: 3. -eer: mountaineer sMaontr ne 4. -ese: Portuguese ,po:tfa' ‘5. -ette: cigarette siga‘ret 6. -esque: picturesque sptktfa'resk 213214 Tape Unit 11: Complex word stress When you hear the stem word, say the word with the given suffix, putting the stress on that suffix. In these examples, a secondary stress comes on the penultimate syllable of the stem. employ +-ee absent +-ee engin+-eer profit +-cer Sudan +-ese Pekin + -ese usher +-erte statue + -ette (statuette) Exercise 2 Neutral suffixes When you hear the stem word, add the suffix without changing the stress. comfort +-able power +-less anchor + -age hurried +-ly refuse +-al (refusal) punish + -ment wide +-en (widen) yellow +-ness wonder +-ful poison +-ous amaze + -ing (amazing) glory +-fy (glorify) devil +-ish other + -wise bird +-like fun+-y (funny) Exercise 3 Stress-moving suffixes . When you hear the stem word, say it with the suffix added and put the stress on the last syllable of che stem. advantage +-eous injure + -ious (injurious) (advantageous) tranquil +-ity (tranquillity) photo + -graphy proverb + -ial reflex + -ive climate + -i¢ (climatic) embryo +-logy Exercise 4. Compound words When you hear the number, say the item. a) First element adjectival, stress on second element. 1. loudspeaker 4, second-class 2. bad-tempered 5. three-wheeler 3. headquarters 4) First element nominal, stress on first element. 1. typewriter 4. suitcase 2ocareferry S$. tea-cup 3. sunriseTape Unit 12: Weak forms c) Mixture of type (a) and (b). 1. long-suffering 4. red-blooded 2. gunman 5. gear-box 3. shoelace 6. overweight Exercise 5 Word-class pairs You will hear the number of the item and its word-class. Stress the second syllable if it is a verb; stress the first syllable if it is a noun or adjective. 1, absteact (Adjective) 10. object (Noun) 2. conduct (Verb) 11. perfect (Adjective) 3. contract (Noun) 12. permit (Verb) 4. contrast (Verb) 13. present (Adjective) 5. desert (Noun) 14. produce (Verb) 6. escort (Noun) 15. protest (Noun) 7. export (Verb) 16. rebel (Verb) 8. import (Noun) 17. record (Noun) 9. insult (Verb) 18. subject (Noun) Tape Unit 12 Weak forms Words occurring in their weak forms are printed in smaller type than stressed words and strong forms, e.g. ‘We can wait” ‘Wi: ken ‘wert Exercise 1 Sentences for repetition Listen and repeat: We can ‘wait for the ‘bus wi kan ‘Welt fe da ‘DAS "How do the ‘lights 'work? ‘hau da éa ‘Jarts'wa:k There are some ‘new ‘books I must ‘read der e sam ‘Nhu: ‘buks at mas 'ri:d She ‘took her ‘aunt for a ‘drive fi tuk ar ‘aint fer e ‘dra The ‘basket was ‘full of ‘things to'eat 6 'ba:skit wez ‘ful av ‘O1Nz tu ‘i:t “Why shoulda'man ‘earn more thana'woman? ‘walfed a ‘Maen ‘3:n ‘md: den a 'wumen You ‘ought to ‘have your ‘own ‘car ju ‘d:t te ‘haev jer ‘gon ‘ka: 215256 Tape Unit 12: Weak forms He ‘wants to ‘come and ‘see us at ‘home hi ‘wonts te ‘KAM an ‘si: as at ‘haum "Have you ‘taken them from 'that box? ‘hav ju 'terken 6em fram 'Ozet ‘'boks Ir’s ‘true that he was ‘late, but his ‘car could have ‘broken down tts 'trU: dat i wez ‘lert bat z 'ka: ked av ‘brauken ‘daun T shall take as ‘much asI ‘want at JI 'tetk az ‘MAtf oz at ‘wont ‘Why am I ‘too ‘late to 'see him to'day? ‘walem at ‘tu: ‘lett ta ‘siz m te'der Exercise 2 Weak forms with pre-vocalic and pre- consonantal forms DIFFERENT VOWELS ‘When you hear the number, say the phrase, using the appropriate weak form: the 1. the apple di zp! 2. the pear da peo to 3. to Edinburgh tu ednbra 4. to Leeds ta li:dz do 5S. so do I sau du ar 6. so do they sau da der LINKING CONSONANT a/an 7. anearanta 8, a foot a fut (The other words in this section have “linking r’.) her 9. Her eyes har az 10, her nose ha navz your 11. your uncle jar ank| 12. your friend ja frend for 13. for Alan fer zelan 14. for Mike fa mark there 15. there aren’t Oar a:nt 16. there couldn't 6a kudnt are 17. these are ours 6i:2 ar auaz 18. these are mine di:z 8 main were 19. you were out ju: war aut 20. you were there ju: wa dea Exercise 3. Transcription (Note: this exercise is a long one, and it is possible to go directly to Exercise 4 if wished) Write the following sentences in transcription, taking care to give the correct weak forms for the words printed in smaller type.Tape Unit 13: Revision 1. “Leave the ‘rest of the ‘food for ‘lunch 2. ‘Aren’t there some ‘letters for her to ‘open? 3. ‘Where do the ‘eggs come from? 4. ‘Read his ‘book and ‘write some 'notes 5. At ‘least we can ‘try and ‘help Now correct your transcription, using the version in the answers section. Exercise 4 Pronunciation of weak forms This exercise uses the sentences of Exercise 3, When you hear the number, say the sentence, giving particular attention to the weak forms. (1...5) Tape Unit 13 Revision Exercise 1 Reading unfamiliar words from transcription ‘The following are British place-names written in transcription.* When you hear the number, say the word, making sure that the stress is correctly placed. You will then hear the correct pronunciation which you should repeat. 1. ‘kaultfista 6. ,holi‘hed 2. ka:'larl 7. ‘fremiinem 3. ‘henfad 8. sau8'end 4. ‘skan@o:p 9. ‘tfeltnam 5. gla'mo:gan 0. anve'nes Exercise 2 Transcription of unfamiliar words “The following are also place-names. Each will be said twice; write what you hear in transcription, including stress marks. (1... 10) Now check your transcriptions with the correct versions. * Spelling is given in the answers section. 217218 Tape Unit 13: Revision Exercise 3 Stress placement in sentences Puta stress mark ' before each syllable you would expect to be stressed in the following sentences. For example, given the sentence ‘I think I'll be late for work’ you should mark the words ‘think’, ‘late’ and ‘work’ like this: I ‘think III be ‘late for ‘work. 1, James decided to type the letter himself 2. The plane was approaching the runway at high speed 3. Try to see the other persons point of view 4. You put your brakes on when the light turns to red 5. Ina short time the house was full of children Now correct your stress marking by looking at the versions given in the answers section. Exercise 4 Pronunciation of stressed syllables When you hear the number, say the sentence from the list in Exercise 3 taking care to stress the correct syllables. You will then hear the correct version, which you should repeat. (1...5) Exercise 5 Weak forms In the following sentences, those words which are not stressed must be pronounced in their weak forms. When you hear the number, say the sentence: . ‘Heres a ‘present for your ‘brother ‘These are ‘all the ‘pictures that are ‘left . There ‘could be a ‘bit of ‘rain ar the ‘end of the ‘morning . A ‘few ‘people ‘asked him a ‘question . Col'lect your ‘luggage be'fore ‘lenving the ‘train weeneTape Unit 14: Elisions READ THIS BEFORE STARTING YOUR TAPE This Tape Unit gives you practice in recognising places where elision occurs in natural speech (i.e. where one or more phonemes. which would be pronounced in careful speech are not pronounced). The examples are extracted from dialogues between speakers who are discussing differences between two similar pictures. Each extract is given three times. You must transcribe each item, using phonemic symbols so that the elision can be seen in the transcription. For example, if you heard ‘sixth time’ pronounced without the 6 fricative at the end of the first word you would write siks taim, and the elision would be clearly indicated in this way. You can use the " symbol to indicate a devoiced weak vowel, as in ‘potato’ ptertau. You will probably need to stop your tape to give yourself more time to write the transcription. This is a difficult exercise, but explanatory notes are given in the answers section. Transcription ONE ELISION 1. a beautiful girl 2. we seem to have a definite one there 3. could it be a stool rather than a table 4. a fifth in 5. any peculiarities about that 6. and how many stripes on yours 7. well it appears to button up its got three 8. or the what do you call it the sill TWO ELISIONS 9. by column into columns all right 1¢. diamond shaped patch 11. and I should think from experience of kitchen knives 12. what shall we do next go down 219Tape Unit 14: Elisions THREE ELISIONS 13. the top of the bottle is projecting outwards into the room Now check your transcriptions. Exercise 1 Repetition of tones Listen and repeat: Fall: wes no well four Rise: yes. ono well four Fall-rise: yes. no cwell four Rise-fall: yes. nto ‘well “four Level: "yes “no ‘welll ‘four Exercise 2 Production of tones : When you hear the number, say the syllable with the tone indicated: 1. them 5. ,what 9. now 2. why 6. no 10. end 3. well 7. chere 4, John 8. you Exercise 3 Identification You will hear each syllable twice. Write an appropriate tone symbol. (1...10) Now check your answers.Tape Unit 16: The tone-unit » Exercise 4 Production in context ‘When you hear the sentence, say the response with the tone indicated. Hello, is that 6610712 yes Do you know any scientists? “some Keep away from that road! cwhy How many dogs have you got? two Have you ever heard such a terrible thing? ino What colour is your car? ated Do you want my plate? please Don’t you like it? wyes: You haven't seen my watch, have you? ino ‘What was the weather like? wet pe Unit 1 it Exercise 1 Identifying the tonic syllable Listen and repeat, then underline the tonic syllable. . We could go by bus . OF course its broken . The car was where Id lefe it - . How much is the biggest one x I knew it would go wrong ;. . It was too cold . . Here itis - That was a loud noise » . We could go from Manchester. . Have you finished BPPNAUAWNS Now check your answers. 22222 Tape Unit 16: The tone-unit Exercise 2. Pronouncing the tonic syllable ‘When you hear the number, say the item with the tonic syllable in the place indicated, using a falling tone: 1. Dont do that 8. Heres my pen 2. Dont do that 9. Heres my pen 3. Dont do that 10. Why dont you try 4. Write your name 11. Why dont you try 5. Write your name ‘12. Why dont you try 6. Write your name 13. Why dont you try 7. Heres my pen Exercise 3. Repetition of tone-units Listen and repeat, trying to copy the intonation exactly; no transcrip- tion is given. What time will they come A day return to London The North Pole would be warmer Have you decided to buy it I recorded them on cassette Exercise 4 Partial analysis of tone-units The items of Exercise 3 will now be said again twice, and you must do the following things: a) Identify the tonic syllable and underline it. b) Identify the tone (in these items the only tones used are fall and rise) and place the appropriate rone-mark before the tonic syllable. ¢) Identify any stressed syllables preceding the tonic syllable and place a stress mark ' before each. You may need to stop your tape to allow enough time to complete the analysis of each item. 1. What time will they come 2. A day return to London 3. The North Pole would be warmer 4. Have you decided to buy it 5. I recorded them on cassette Now check your transcription.Tape Unit 17: Intonation Tape Unit 17 Intonati Exercise 1 Repetition of tonic syllable plus tail Listen and repeat, taking care to continue the pitch movement of the tone over the tail: Bill bought it Four of them came Why do you -do it "Bill -bought it Four of them came Why do you -do it ‘Bill -boughe it Four of them came — _Why do you -do it "Bill bought it [Four of them came Why do you -do it Exercise 2. Production of tonic syllable plus tail The items from Exercise 1 will be used again. When you hear the number, say the item with the tone that is marked: (1.12) Exercise 3 High and low head The following tone-units will be repeated with high and low heads. Listen and repeat: "Taxes have ‘risen by ‘five per cent Taxes have ,risen by ,five per .cent “Havent you ‘asked the ‘boss for ,more |Havent you ,asked the ,boss for ,more We ‘dont have ‘time to ‘read the .paper We dont have ,time to ,read the paper "Wouldnt you ‘like to ‘read it on the ,train Wouldnt you like to ,read it on the train Exercise 4 Transcription of tone-units Each item will be pronounced as one tone-unit, and will be heard three times. Yuu must do the following things: a) Identify the tonic syllable and underline it. 6) Decide which tone it carries (only ,, , and , are used in this exercise). and put the appropriate tone-mark before the tonic syllable. ¢) Listen for stressed syllables preceding the tonic syllable and mark them high (') or low (,). 223224 Tape Unit 18: Intonation - extracts from conversation d) Listen for stressed syllables in the tail and mark them (if there are any) with a raised dor (.). You will probably aced to stop your tape to complete the transcription of each item. . Now heres the weather forecast . You didnt say anything about rates . A few years ago they were top . No-one could say the cinema was dead . Is there anything you wouldnt eat Have you ever considered writing That was what he claimed to be . We try to do our shopping in the market . But I never go there now . It wouldnt be difficult to find out Swwnaneene Now check your transcriptions. If there is time, you will find it useful to go back to the start of Exercise 4 and practise repeating the items while looking at the transcriptions. TapeUnit1& Intonation—extracts from Oe Ce RCE The following extracts are from the same recorded conversations as were used in Tape Unit 14. Each extract will be heard chree times, with four or five seconds between repetitions. Mark the intonation; the instructions for how to do this are given in the text for Tape Unit 17, Exercise 4. In addition, for numbers 10-16 you will need co use the vertical line | to separate tone-units. You should expect this tape to be more difficult than previous intonation tapes! Transcription ONE TONE-UNIT it looks like a French magazine the television is plugged in does your colander have a handle ('s) a flap on it . you tell me about yours well dark hair 7, more than half way ayaeneTape Unit 18: Transcription of connected speech 8. but er not in the other corners 9. a sort of Daily Sketch format newspaper TWO TONE-UNITS 10. on the top of the lid 11. well theyre on alternate steps theyre not on every step 12. what about the vent at the back 13. and a ladys handbag hanging on a nail on the wall 14. you do the left hand bit of the picture and Ill do the right hand bit 15. were being very particular but we just havent hit upon one of the differences yet THREE TONE-UNITS 16. and what about your television two knobs in the front Now check your intonation marking. Tape Unit 19 Transcription of connected speech Listen to the recording on which this exercise is based: it was rather frightening because there there are scores of these bicycles and er you really have to have your wits about you all the time because the you know they stop suddenly and its awkward because the traffic regulations are more honoured in the breach than the observance I’m not in not really sure what regulations there are er for instance the er traffic lights red red lights do not apply if you're turning right erm which means that if you're coming up to a traffic light and there’s erm someone stopped who wants to go straight on ot turn left and you want to turn right then you pull out overtake them and then cut across in front The above passage will now be heard divided up into 27 tone-units, each of which will be heard twice. Incomplete tone-units (those without a nucleus) are omitted. The main object of the exercise is to transcribe the intonation; however, for a harder exercise taking more time, you 225Tape Unit 19: Transcription of connected speech can also write a transcription using phonemic symbols plus any non- phonemic symbols you may need. The transcription given in the answers section is in this form. pit was rather frightening because there are scores of these bicycles you really have to have your wits about you all the time because the you know they stop suddenly its awkward because the traffic regulations are more honoured in the breach than the observance Im not in not really sure what regulations there are for instance the er traffic lights red red lights do not apply if youre turning right which means that if youre coming up to a traffic light someone stopped who wants to go straight on or turn lefr and you want to turn right then you pull our overtake them and then cut across in front @ Now check your transcription.Tape Unit 20: Further practice on connected speech pe Unit 20 Further practice on connected speech Exercise 1 Dictation You will hear five sentences spoken rapidly. Each will be given three times. Write each sentence down in normal spelling. (a...) Compare what you have written with the correct version. Exercise 2. Transcription Now wind your tape back and listen to the above sentences again; this time transcribe what you hear, using mainly phonemic symbols but also using raised h (") to indicate a weak voiceless vowel, as in p"tertav. Do not mark intonation. (1...5) Exercise 3 Reading intonation When you hear the number, say the sentence with the intonation indicated. You will then hear the correct pronunciation, which you should repeat. 1. Lthought you were on holiday this -week 2. Some -day ! Im going to get ,round to ,mending the fuse 3. There were a lot | ‘not just ‘one or two 4. ‘Didnt ‘anyone ‘try to ,stop them 5. ‘Leave ir till ‘after youve ‘had some ,tea ! otherwise youll be ,too full to eax 227swers to written exercises Chapter 2 1. a) Soft palate or velum b) Aiveolar ridge ¢) Front of tongue d) Hard palate e) Lower lip 2. a) Close back rounded 6) Close-mid front unrounded ¢) Open front unrounded d) Close front unrounded e) Close-mid back rounded el _— 4a) e e) a : by n No co g) #@ dt hye Chapter 3 ‘AN \ 2 g) 3 h) it ia 3 g) e h) aAnswers to written exercises Chapter 4 1. You will obviously not have written descriptions identical to the ones given below. The important thing is to check that the sequence of articulatory events is more or less the same. a) goat Starting from the position for normal breathing, the back of the tongue is raised to form a closure against the velum (soft patate). The lungs are compressed to produce higher air pressure in the vocal tract and the vocal folds are brought together in the voicing position. The vocal folds begin to vibrate, and the back of the tongue is lowered to allow the compressed air to escape. The tongue is moved to a mid central vowel and then moves in the direction of a closer, backer vowel; the lips are moderately rounded for the second part. The tongue blade is raised to make a closure against the alveolar ridge, the vocal folds ara separated and voicing ceases. Then the compressed air is released quietly and the lips return to an unrounded shape. b) ape The tongue is moved slightly upward and forward and the vocal folds are brought together to begin voicing. The tongue glides to a slightly closer and more central vowel. Then the lips are pressed together making a closure and at the same time the vocal folds are separated so that voicing ceases. The lips are then opened and the compressed air is released quietly. while the tongue is lowered to the position for normal breathing 2. a) tis d) dark g) eg b) mist e) kad A) sok c) taud 4) lip i) kat 3. a) betk d) bart g) bo:d 6) gavt e) tk b) 9a cc) davt f) baw i) pitk Chapter 5 a) ‘speed’ spid {spi:d] b) ‘partake’ pa:tetk [pharthark} @) ‘book’ buk [ok] d) ‘goat’ gut (gdot] @) ‘car ka: {kPa} ) ‘bad’ beed (heed] 9) ‘appeared’ apted [ep"ted] A) ‘toast’ teust (t'3ast] i) ‘stalk’ stork {stork] 229230 Answers to written exercises Chapter 6 1. a) fife b) feva cc) stks® g) mez d) bizz h) ahed 2. Starting from the position for normal breathing, the lower lip is brought into contact with the upper teeth. The lungs are compressed. causing air to flow through the constriction producing fricative noise. The tongue moves to the position for t The vocal folds are brought together, causing voicing to begin, and at the same time the lower lip is lowered. Then the tongue blade is raised to make a fairly wide constriction in the palato-alveolar region and the vocal folds are separated to stop voicing: the flow of air causes fricative noise. Next, the vocal folds are brought together to begin voicing again and at the same time the tongue is lowered from the constriction position into the 1 vowel posture. The tongue blade is then raised against the alveolar ridge forming a constriction which results in fricative noise. This is initially accompanied by voicing. which then dies away. Finally, the tongue is lowered from the alveolar constriction. the vocal folds are separated and normal breathing is resumed. Chapter 7 1. Plosives ptk bdg Fricatives FOsfhvdz3 Affricates: f d3 Nasals: mn 9 Lateral: | Approximants: r w j (This course has also mentioned the possibility of ¢ and a) 2. a) seufa 2) skwea b) vas f) eng ¢) stann g) boxt d)bredkram A) namnti:n 3. a) The soft palate is raised for the b plosive and remains raised for @. It is lowered for n. then raised again for the final a. b) The soft palate remains lowered during the articulation of m, and is then raised for the rest of the syllabie. ¢) The soft palate is raised for the ze vowel, then lowered for n. It is then raised for the g plosive and remains raised for the |.Answers to written exercises Chapter 8 a) PRE. PosT- Post. INITIAL, INITIAL INITIAL PEAK FINAL FINAL s k w i: ' d LL AS eH eee eee) ONSET PEAK copa (It would be possible to treat | as pre-final and d as final, but the above analysis is slightly preferable in that d here is a suffix and we know that I occurs finally in ‘squeal’ skwi:!.) b) POST- PosT- FINAL FINAL1 FINAL? er fe 8 s eet a PEAK copa o) PRE- POST. FINAL, INITIAL INITIAL INITIAL s Pp 1 2 I eee u wu ONseT PEAK copa a) POST- POST- —-POST- INITIAL FINAL FINALT FINAL2 FINALS t e k s t s ee LJ re onset PEAK copa Chapter 9 1. 9 patikjale problem av da beut waz a li:k 2. avpnin de bot! przenud new diftkiti 3. dar wz nau olts:natv ta 63 gavnments prepeuz! 4. wi o:t ta meik 9 kalek{n ta kava Oi Ikspensiz (also possible: klekjn) |i Set ararvd at @ hazber at di eds av 6a mauntinz 231232, Answers to written exercises Chapter 10 1. a) pro‘tect pro'tekt b) ‘clamber ‘klaembe c) fes'toon d) de'test 2) ‘bellow f) ‘menace ‘ments g) disco'nnect diska'nekt h) ‘entering ‘entann (entan) 2. a) ‘language ‘leangwid3, 6) ‘captain ‘keeptin c) ca‘teer ka'na d) ‘paper “pepe e) e'vent Tvent f) ‘jonquil “dsonkwel g) ‘injury ‘indgari (insti) fh). co'nnection ka'nekjan (ka'nek{n) Chapter 11 1 and 2 i a) ‘shop fitter ‘Jop ine b) open ‘ended .aupn ‘endid c) ‘Java'nese .d3azve'ni:z d) “birth mark ‘b3:8 ,ma:k e) anti ‘clockwise enti 'klokwaz ) confirmation konfa'merjn g) eight ‘sided ett 'saidid +h) “fruit cake “trust kerk i) de'fective drfekuv J) ‘roof timber ‘ru:f mba Chapter 12 1. at wont a ta pak det ka:r auve dea 2. av a:l da prapauzlz da wan dat ju: med wz 6a siliast 3. dgein an bil kad av dnvn dam tu: an from de pa:ti (kud is also suitable) 4. ta kam ta 4a point wot f| wi du: fa da rest av da witk 5. haz eniwan got an aidia weer it keim from 6. pedestranz mest o:lwiz ju:z 6a krosinz pravardid 7. ist{ wan waz @ pa:fikt 1gza:mpl av Oi a:t det ad bi:n divelapt deoAnswers to written exercises Chapter 13 1. In this data there is no evidence of n contrasting with n. since n never occurs except before k and g. So all phonetic n consonants are phonemic n. a) &ng b) @ink ¢) Sinking d) finga e) singe ) singing 2. a) saund b) znge c¢) ka:nt d) keempe e) bond 3. /t/ is realised as (r] when it occurs between vowels if the preceding vowel is stressed and the following vowel is unstressed. Chapter 14 1. a) Abid in the | hand is worth | two in the | bush b) | Over a} quarter of a | century has e | lapsed since his | death ¢) Ceom|puterscon | sume acon| siderable a | mount of | money and | time d) | Most of them have ar | rived on the | bus e) | Newspaper | editors are in | variably | under | worked a Pe ase é ; 333Answers to written exercises a) na x i . Rolls Royce ca ly ¢ vent (The stress levels of ‘Rolls’ and “Royce’ are exchanged to avoid “stress clash” between ‘Royce’ and ‘ra-’.) 3. a) wan ko:z av esmansspoustabi aeledsz b) wot di 3:bm popjalerfn kad3u:z iz bete treinz ¢) fi aks peukjali wel inna fa:ssizn (The above represent just one possible pronunciation: many others are possible ) Chapter 15 1. This train is for Leeds York Darlington and Durham 2. Can you give me a lift Possibly Whei2 19 = .No Certainly not Go a wayt Did you know hed been convicted of drunken ,driving No If | give him ,money he goes and .spends it If lend him the ,bike he Joses it Hes completely unreliable Ono Chapter 16 1. (This is an exercise where there is not one correct answer.) a) buy it for me ©) hear it ¢) talk to him 2. a) ‘mind the step b) ‘this is the ‘ten to ‘seven train ¢) ‘keep the ‘food hot 3. a) ‘Only when the .wind blows sce)5) °) Answers to, written exercises MWhen did you say _— - \ "What was the name of the place 7. Chapter 17 1 a) 6) ) qd) @) "Which was the ,cheap one did you say —_— ian oe only ‘want to taste it -\U She would have ,thought it was obvious im fees ees Now will you believe me 2 235236 Answers to written exercises 2. a) opportunity aya b) actually Ve ¢) confidently Vo d) magnificent e) relationship oe : 7 f) afternoon -~V Chapter 18 (The following are possible intonation patterns, but others could be correct.) . Its ‘rather ,cold Be'cause | ‘cant afford it . Youre silly then Oh please Seven o,clock ,seven ,thirty and eight Fight Ive ,got to ,do the ,shogping . Some of them -might ONOAEONSAnswers to written exercises Chapter 19 1. a) tight can | do the shopping for you b) tight can | do the shopping for you ¢) first the professor explained her theory d) 19 first the professor explained her theory e) first she explained her theory ) 90 ten past three g n9 ten past three /h) 00 ten past three 2. a) he wrote the letter sadly b) he wrote the Jetter | sadly ¢) four plus six | divided by two | equals five d) four | plus six divided by two | equals seven e) we broke one thing | after another fail dawn, ) we broke one thing after another | that night Chapter 20 1, a) All are made further back then the palatal region - they could be called “back” consonants. b) All the vowels are close or close mid (or between these heights). * ¢) All require the tongue blade to be raised for their articulation. and all are in the alveolar or post-alveolar region d) None of these requires the raising of the tongue blade ~ all are front or back articulations. e) All are voiceless. f) All are rounded or end with lip-rounding g) All are approximants (they create very little obstruction to the airflow) 2. a) This accent has a distribution for n similar to AP (i.e. acase can be made for an phoneme), except that in the case of the participial ‘- ing’ ending n is found instead of 9, b) This accent has two additional long vowels (e: and o:) and, correspondingly, two fewer diphthongs (et and au). This situation is found in many Northern accents, c) The fricatives 8, 6 and h are missing from the phoneme inventory, and f and v are used in their place. /1/ is realised as [w] where RP has “dark |". This is typical of a Cockney accent. : d) This data is based on the traditional working-class accent of Bristol. where words of more than one syllable cannot end in a. The accent is rhotic, so where there is an ‘r’ in the spelling (as in ‘mother’) aris pronounced; where the spelling does not have ‘r. a 237 SE ee eee re ee eee eee ea ea ee a238 Answers to written exercises e) /V/ sound is added. resulting in some loss of distinctiveness in words (cf. ‘idea’, ‘ideal’; ‘area’, ‘aerial’) Here we appear to have three vowels where RP has two: the word _ ‘cat’ has the equivalent of a, ‘calm’ has a vowel similar to a: while in the set of words that have @ in many Northern accents (‘plaster’, ‘grass’, etc.) an additional long vowel a: is used. This is found in Shropshire.Tape Unit 2 Exercise 2 1. @ in been ‘ban’ 2. ain hab ‘hub’ 3. rin fal “fill” 4. 0 in mos ‘moss’ 5. @ in led ‘led’ Tape Unit 3 Exercise 3 itin a: in dazk ‘dark’ 3: in ba:d ‘bird’ a: in fart ‘fought’ a: in pa:t ‘part’ seat’ Abwn- Exercise 5 1. 3: in ha:d ‘heard’ 2. 9 in son ‘song’ 3. 93 in so: ‘saw’ 4. nin kam ‘come’ 5. a: in maztf ‘march’ Exercise 7 12 in fies ‘fierce’ e9 in kead ‘cared’ va in muaz ‘moors’ et in reid ‘raid’ atin tam ‘time’ 20 in keut ‘coat’ OPARwns 6. 7. 8 9. 0. 1 Con 10. V1. 12. recorded exercises . Bin pot ‘put” . a in kam ‘come’ in mid ‘mid’ pin bom ‘bomb’ e in sel ‘sell’ iz in nicd ‘need’ 9: in ha:s ‘horse’ 9 in fol ‘full’ a: in past ‘part’ 0 in dol ‘doll’ ain lav ‘love’ 3: in bazn ‘burn’ arin kart ‘kite’ 1a in bied ‘beard’ va in tuaz ‘tours’ av in baun ‘bone’ a1 in borl ‘boil av in taun ‘town’ 239Answers to recorded exercises Tape Unit 4 Exercise 3 1. pin ‘harp’ ha:p 6. k in ‘ache’ erk 2. gin ‘rogue’ revg 7. din ‘ode’ oud 3. tin ‘eight’ ert 8. pin ‘rip’ np 4. din ‘ride’ rad 9. g in ‘sag’ seeg 5. bin ‘mob’ mob 10. tin ‘feet’ firt Exercise 5 1. ‘debate’ 6. ‘guarded’ 2. ‘copied’ 7. ‘dedicated’ 3. ‘buttercup’ 8. ‘paddock’ 4. ‘cuckoo’ 9. ‘boutique’ 5. ‘decayed’ 10. ‘appetite” Tape Unit 5 Exercise 3 1. gett ‘gate’ 11. geep ‘gap’ 2. kaut ‘coat’ 12. biad ‘beard’ 3. brt bit’ 13. ka: ‘car’ 4, tarad ‘tired’ 14. perd ‘paid’ 5. bizt ‘beat’ 15, gat ‘gut 6. pauk ‘poke’ 16. daut ‘doubt’ 7. kazt ‘cart’ 17. taud ‘toad’ 8. ko:t ‘caught’ 18. du: ‘do! 9. pava ‘power’ 19. pea ‘pair’ 10. ka:d ‘cord’ 20. dek ‘deck’ Exercise 4 keep 11. duck boat 12. cope cup 13. dog dirt 14. coward bike 15. bake cab 16. tied gate 17. beard cared 18. put tired 19. bug bird 20. doubt Searonmswona