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    Jamnia Council-AD 90

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    Pascal Chhakchhuak
    The Jamnia Council (AD 90-100?) is considered an important event in Jewish history. Scholars debate whether it was an actual council that took place, but it is generally believed that around this time, Jewish sages gathered and standardized the books that made up the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament). They likely debated the canonicity of certain books, ultimately excluding the Apocrypha from the Hebrew canon. This established the books of the Hebrew Bible that are still used today in modern Judaism and Christianity.

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    Jamnia Council-AD 90

    Uploaded by

    Pascal Chhakchhuak
    141 views6 pages
    The Jamnia Council (AD 90-100?) is considered an important event in Jewish history. Scholars debate whether it was an actual council that took place, but it is generally believed that around this time, Jewish sages gathered and standardized the books that made up the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament). They likely debated the canonicity of certain books, ultimately excluding the Apocrypha from the Hebrew canon. This established the books of the Hebrew Bible that are still used today in modern Judaism and Christianity.

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    Jamnia Council—AD 90

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    The Jamnia Council (AD 90-100?) is considered an important event in Jewish history. Scholars debate whether it was an actual council that took place, but it is generally believed that around this time, Jewish sages gathered and standardized the books that made up the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament). They likely debated the canonicity of certain books, ultimately excluding the Apocrypha from the Hebrew canon. This established the books of the Hebrew Bible that are still used today in modern Judaism and Christianity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    141 views6 pages

    Jamnia Council-AD 90

    Uploaded by

    Pascal Chhakchhuak
    The Jamnia Council (AD 90-100?) is considered an important event in Jewish history. Scholars debate whether it was an actual council that took place, but it is generally believed that around this time, Jewish sages gathered and standardized the books that made up the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament). They likely debated the canonicity of certain books, ultimately excluding the Apocrypha from the Hebrew canon. This established the books of the Hebrew Bible that are still used today in modern Judaism and Christianity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    The passage discusses the Jamnia Council which debated the contents and canonization of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) around 90-100 CE. It also talks about the earlier debates between the rabbinical schools of Hillel and Shammai.

    The school of Hillel was generally more liberal in its halakhic rulings than the school of Shammai. Some of the major differences were around divorce laws and questions of ritual purity.

    The books of Esther and Ecclesiastes were debated for inclusion. Esther was included because it explained the origins of the Purim festival. Ecclesiastes' inclusion was still disputed by the more conservative school of Shammai.

    JAMNIA COUNCIL

    Tûn hma atangin Jamnia Council (AD 90—100?) hi


    awm ngeia hriat a ni \hin a. Amaherawhchu, khawvél hi a
    danglam tial tial a, ngaih dàn leh thil thlìr dàn a inthlák nasa
    telh telh a. Sâpho zîngah English Bible lehlin pakhat Authorised
    Version (AV/KJV) chauh sawi máwia lehlin \ha ber leh kim
    ber ti tlat, a dang chu âr chuka tui lo khawpa sawi chhetu an
    awm ang mai hian mi thiam zîngah pawh Jamnia Council kha
    awm tak tak lo ti-a \an khawh tlat an awm ta hial a. An thu
    ziahte chu Wikipedia-ahte pawh hmuh tùr a awm thliah thluah
    tawh a; mi \henkhat tân rin mai harsa lo tak a ni ang.

    Mi thiam zînga Jamnia Council a awm rin loh thu vawrh


    hmasa deuh ber chu Heinrich Graetz (1871) a ni a; kum 1960
    vêl a\ang khân Jamnia Council awm rin lohna hi a lian ta viau
    a. Tûnlai mi thiam zîngah chuan Raymond E. Brown leh Jack
    P. Lewis an tel. Raymond E. Brown chuan New Jerome Biblical
    Commentary (1990)-ah Jamnia Council awm a rin loh thu a ti
    lang a; Jack P. Lewis chuan Anchor Bible Dictionary (1992)-ah
    a ti lang bawk. Tûnlai mi thiam \henkhat chuan Juda-te Bible
    pawm fel hun kha Hasmonean lal lai, kum 140–40 BC kha
    niin an ring. Anni hian an rin thu bák sawi theih an nei lo a;
    Jamnia Coucil a awm lo tih finfiahna \ha táwk an nei bík lo.

    Hasmonean hunah khân Juda-ten an Bible ‘Tanakh’


    hi an la pawm fel chiah lo a ni ang. A chhante chu— (1)
    Apocrypha zînga Siraka bu kha kum 180 BC vélah Hebrai
    \awnga ziah a ni a; kum 132-ah BC-ah a ziaktu tupain Grik
    \awngin a letling a. Thu hma hruaiah chuan Juda-te Tanakh
    \hen hmasa pahnih hming chu chiang taka ziakin ‘Dàn (Tôra)
    leh Zàwlneite (Nebi’îm)’ tih a ni a; \hen thumna erawh chuan
    hming bík ‘Kethubîm’ tih hi a pu lo, ‘Kan pate lehkhabu dang’
    tih a ni ringawt.

    Juda-ten Tanakh chu hmun thumah an \hen a: (1) Tôra


    (Dàn)—bu 5; Nebi’îm (Zàwlneite)—bu 8; Kethubîm
    (Thuziakte)—11. A zavaiin bu 24 a ni; keinin bu 39-ah kan
    chhiar a; anni’n lehkhabu \henkhat—1&2 Samuela, 1&2 Lalte,
    1&2 Chronicles, Ezra-Nehemia, Zàwlnei tê 12-te hi bu khatah
    an chhiar vek thung a. Dàn bû chu Mosia lehkhabu 5-te hi a
    ni. Zàwlneite an tih erawh chu keini zàwlnei lehkhabu nèn a
    thuhmun chiah lo. Josua, Rorêltute, Samuela, Lalte hi ‘zàwlnei
    hmasa’ an ti a; Isaia, Jeremia, Ezekiela leh Zàwlnei tê 12-te hi
    ‘zàwlnei hnuhnung’ an ti. Héng bák chu ‘Thuziakte’ zíngah
    an telh vek a; bu 11-ah an chhiar. Thuziakte zíngah Daniela bu
    pawh a tel.

    Isua dam lai khân Juda-te Tanakh hi hmun 3-ah \hen


    fel chiah a la ni lo. Isua khân ‘Dàn leh Zàwlneite’ chu hming
    hmerh fakin a sawi a; \hen \humna ‘Kethubîm’ (Thuziakte)
    tih erawh chu a la hmang lo. Isuan ama chanchin sawi láwkna
    lehkhabu a sawi khàn ‘Mosia Dànahte, Zàwlnei Lehkhabûahte,
    Fakna Hla Bûahte’ tih a hmang a (Lk 24.44); khatih lai khân
    ‘Thuziakte’ khân hming pu fel tawh ni sela chuan ‘Thuziakte’
    tih a hmang ngei ang. ‘Thuziakte’ kha an la pawm fel fak loh
    avàngin hming bík a la nei hman lo a ni ang.

    Juda mi thiamte zíngah pawh tûnlaia mi thiamte ang


    bawkin ngaih dàn hrang a awm \hin. Chûng ngaih dàn hrang
    chu chi hnih—pawm zau pâwl leh pawm zím pâwlah \hen theih
    a ni. Pawm zauho chu Hillel-a pâwl an ni a; pawm zímho chu
    Shammai-a pâwl an ni. Hillel-a (110 BC–AD 10) chu Hillel the
    Elder an tih kha a ni a; Babulon-a piang, a pa lamah Benjamin
    hnam, a nu lamah Davida thlah a ni. Amah ang bawka
    hmingthang chu a tupa Gamaliela I, Paula zirtírtu kha a ni.

    Shammai-a (50 BC—AD 30) chu Hillel-a aiin a


    naupang a, a dam rei lo záwk bawk. Hillel-a aiin kum 60 vélin
    piang tlai záwk mah se, kum 60 vél zet chu hun thuhmuna
    lêng za an ni. Anni pahnih hi The Great Sanhedrin-ah pawh
    an awm ho hman a, Hillel-a chu Sanhedrin President a nih
    laiin Shammai-a chu member ah a lût ve hman. Kum AD 10-
    a Hillel-a a thih khân Shammai-a chu Sanhedrin President ah
    a \ang ta a; Shammai-a hunah chuan Hillel-a hun angin
    Sanhedrin-ah Vice President pawh an awm ta lo; amah chu a
    thû ta êm êm mai a ni.

    Thil tam takah chuan Hillel-a pâwl ngaih dàn hi a zau


    záwk a; amaherawhchu ngaih dàn hrang hlak vek erawh chu
    an ni bík lo. An thil zirtír danglamna lian tak pakhat chu ‘nupui
    mák’ chungchângah a ni. Shammai-a chuan thil tih sual lian
    tak avàng chauh lo chuan nupui mák a thiang lo a tih laiin
    Hillel-a ve thung chuan thil ho tê, chaw chhum kan vàng mai
    pawhin nupui mák theih a ti ve thung (Babylonian Talmud,
    Gittin 90a). A tlângpuiin Hillel-a pâwl hi an tam deuh záwk.

    Jerusalem temple tih chhiat a nih hnû khân Juda mi


    thiamte pawh an darh zo titih ta a. Khatih laia Juda rabbi
    hmingthang tak pakhat chu Yohanan ben Zakkai a ni a; ani
    chu mi thiam tak leh zirtírtu ropui tak a nih avàngin mi
    chungchuang bíkte chauh hlawh \hin ‘Rabban’ hming an puttír
    a ni. Rom sipaiin Jerusalem an hual lai khân mitthi anga
    kuangah khungin an zawn chhuak a. Rom sipai hotu Vespasian-
    a hnênah kalin ‘lal a la ni ang’ tih a hrilh a. Vespasian-a’n Yavne
    (Jamnia) a tih chhiat loh phah a. Johanan ben Zakkai-a’n Yavne-
    ah chuan zirna sikul a din ta a ni.
    Jamnia chu Kanaan thlang lam, Mediterranean Tuipui
    kam, tûna Israel ram khawpui Tel Aviv chhim lama awm a ni
    a. Yavne-a Yohanan ben Zakkai-a zirna in din chu a \hang lian
    zêl a, The Great Sanhedrin hmunpui a lo ni ta hial a. Hosea
    6.6-a, “Inthâwina ni loin khawngaihna ka duh záwk” tih kha
    \an chhanin Sanhedrin member-te chu inthâwina aiin
    \awng\aina ngai pawimawh záwk tùrin a hrilh a; hei hi
    Jerusalem temple chhiat hnûa ran thisena inthâwi tih bànna
    tak tak chu a ni.

    Yohanan ben Zakkai-a dam lai, kum AD 90 vêlah khân


    Jamnia Council chu neih niin an sawi a. Council tih avànga
    Nicea Council-te anga inkhâwmpui lian tak ni tùra ngaih kher
    tùr a ni lo; Nicea Council (AD 325)-ah pawh khân mi 318
    chauh an tel a nih kha. Jamnia chu Juda sakhaw thil zirna
    hmun pawimawh a ni a; The Great Sanhedrin \hut hmun a ni
    bawk a. Sanhedrin member 70 zîngah chuan Hillel-a zirtírna
    pawm leh Shammai-a zirtírna pawm an awm ve ve a; khatih
    lai tak phei kha chuan Hillel-a zirtírna pawm an tam zâwk ang.
    Kan sawi tawh angin Thuthlung Thar hunah khán Juda-te
    Bible ‘Tanakh’ chu bi thliah fel fak a la ni lo.

    Thuthlung Thar hunah khân Juda-te zíngah Grik


    \awnga lehkhabu ziah, a ziaktuten mahni hming hmang ngam
    loa mi hming \ha leh kal hmasate hminga ziah a tam êm êm a;
    chûng chu Apocrypha leh Pseudepigrapha lehkhabute hi an
    ni. An lehkhabute chu miin an pawm theih nân Thuthlung
    Hluia mi ropuite hmingin an ziak ber.

    Juda-ten Tanakh-a pawm tùr chuan tehna eng eng


    emaw an nei ngei ang; an tehnate erawh chu hriat theih vek a
    ni tawh lo. An tehna pawimawh tak chu lehkhabute chu
    Hebrai \awnga ziah, Hebrai \awng ngei (copy) hmuh tùr la
    awm a ni. Siraka kha lehkhabu \ha tak mai a ni a; a tìrah chuan
    Hebrai \awnga ziah a ni. Kan sawi tawh angin kum 132 BC-ah
    a ziaktu tupain Grik \awngin a letling a. Kum AD 90 vêlah
    chuan Siraka bû kha Hebrai \awng (copy) hmuh tùr a awm
    tawh lo, Grik \awnga lehlin chauh kha a awm tawh a; chuvàng
    chuan lehkhabu \ha tak a ni nachungin Juda-ten Tanakh-a
    telh tùrin an pawm thei ta lo a ni.

    Jamnia Council-ah khân eng ang takin nge thil an


    ngaihtuah tih erawh chu sawi chian fak theih a ni lo a; Mishnah
    leh Talmud lamah chiang taka sawi a ni lo. Lehkhabu \henkhat
    Estheri leh Hlate Hla hi chu Tanakh-a telh tùr nge telh loh tùr
    tihah ngaih dàn lian tak pahnih a awm. Estheri leh Hlate Hla
    hi Tanakh lehkhabu zînga ‘Pathian’ lan lohna ve ve a ni. Kum
    A D 90 vêlah chuan Estheri bûin a sawi Purim kût hi Juda-te
    hlimna kût, an ngaih hlut êm êm a ni tawh a. Purim kût lo
    chhuah dàn ziahna a nih avàngin Jamnia Council-ah chuan
    Tanakh-a telh tùrin Estheri chu an pawm ta a ni ang.

    Hlate Hla hi nula leh tlangvâl inlèmna hla mai a ang


    hle. Jamnia Council-ah pawh khân Shammai-a pâwl chuan
    Tanakh-a telh an duh vak lo. Khatih lai khân Hillel-a pâwlah
    chuan Rabbi Akiva (AD 50–135) a awm a; ani chu mi thiam
    tak mai a ni a. Juda-te sakhaw dàn leh hrai lama mi thiam a nih
    mai bákah thu sawi a thiam a, a âw lah chu a ring hle bawk a,
    ‘khawpui ri ang mai’ an ti hial \hin. Rabbi Akiva chu kum AD
    135-a Juda-te helnaah khân tih hlum a ni.

    Rabbi Akiva chuan Solomona Hla chu ‘Hla zawng


    zawnga chungnung ber a ni a; Pathian leh a mi Juda-te inkâra
    hmangaihna thu puan chhuahna hla a ni,” a ti a; chu chuan
    Jamnia Council-a telte chu a hmin ta a, Tanakh-ah an telh
    phah ta niin an sawi. ‘Hlate Hla’ tih \awngkam tak pawh hi
    Rabbi Akiva \awngkam, Hebrai \awnga ‘Shir hasShirim’ tih
    a\anga lo kal a ni nghe nghe.

    Hlate Hla chungchângah hian Mizo zíngah pawh ngaih


    dàn a inchen lo hle. Kum 1959-a Mizo Bible bu kim a lo chhuah
    khân Kohhran Upa \henkhat chuan Hlate Hla hi an han chhiar
    a, an duh lo khawp a, “Hetiangte chu Bible-a telh tlák a ni hlei
    nêm!” tiin sakawr bakchehin an hlep thla hlawk nghe nghe
    niin an sawi.

    Thil awm miah lo chu sawi ngawt thu a awm lo. Jamnia
    Council pawh hi tûnlaia inkhâwmpui lian tak ang tihna a ni
    chuang lo a. Jamnia chu Juda-te mi thiamte fuan khâwmna
    Sanhedrin Lian (The Great Sanhedrin) hmunpui a nih avàngin
    chuta mi thiamte chuan kum AD 90 vêlah khân Juda-te Bible
    ‘Tanakh’-a tel tùr hi an lo ti felah ngai ila, kan ti sual lo ang. A
    hun thûah kum AD 90 chiah tihna a ni lo; AD 90 a\anga AD
    100 vêl kha a ni ang. Hemi hnûah pawh hian Juda mi thiamte
    zîngah Tanakh-a tel, lehkhabu \henkhat chu pawm harsa ti
    táwk an awm reng. Kristian zíngah Martin Luther-a pawh khân
    Estheri leh Jakoba lehkhathawn hi chu pawm tlákah a ruat
    vak lo. ‘Mipui an thuhmun fo thei lo’ tih hi a dik hle!
    (Revd CH|—18.1.2020)

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