Dental Waxes: Prosthodontics Assignment Bds 1St Year Roll Number-24

PROSTHODONTICS ASSIGNMENT
BDS 1st YEAR

ROLL NUMBER- 24
DENTAL WAXES
Wax:
A low-melting, high-molecular-weight, organic mixture or compound.
Dental waxes: combinations of various types of waxes compounded to provide desired physical
properties added with Small amounts of additives, such as oils, natural resins, synthetic waxes,
and coloring agents.
Waxes used in dentistry are composed of:
Natural & synthetic waxes,Gums,Fats, Fatty acids,
Oils,Natural & synthetic resins,Pigments.
Applications of dental waxes in dentistry:

•Inlay Wax: Used for inlay, onlay, and crown patterns
•Casting Wax: Patterns for frameworks of partial & complete dentures
•Baseplate Wax: Used in construction of dentures
•Bite Registration Wax: Used for occlusal registry
Corrective Impression Wax: Used for edentulous impression
•Boxing Wax: Used to box impressions before pouring
•Utility Wax: Adhesive wax for custom waxing
•Sticky Wax: Adhesive when heated for joining metallic & acrylic parts.
Classification based on chemical composition
Hydrocarbon group Ester group
•Natural waxes are those found in nature.
• Synthetic waxes are obtained from combination of various chemicals in lab or by chemical
reaction on natural waxes.
•Mineral waxes
Paraffin,Microcrystalline,Barnsdahl,Ozokerite,Ceresin,montan.
•Plant waxes:
Carnauba,Ouricury,Candellila,Japan wax,Cocoabuttter.
•Insect:
Bees wax
•Animal:
Spermaceti
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NATURAL WAXES:
1. Paraffin wax-
Obtained from high boiling fractions of petroleum
Mixture of straight chain saturated hydrocarbons, 26-30 carbon atoms.
2.Microcrystalline waxes-
Obtained from heavier oil fractions in petroleum industry
3.Barnsdahl
melting point of 70-74°c,Used for increasing melting range & hardness & reduce flow of
paraffin waxes
4. Ozokerite
Melting point 65°c,Improves physical characteristics of paraffins in melting range of 54°c.
5.Ceresin
It has greater hardness thanhydrocarbon waxes distilled from crude product, Used to raise
melting range of paraffin waxes.
6.Montan waxes
• Obtained from lignites
• Hard brittle, lustrous & easily blend with other waxes.
7.Carnauba waxes
Hardest & most durable
Melting range 84°c-91°c
8.Candellila wax
Melting range of 68-75°c
9.Spermaceti wax
Animal wax used in coating in dental floss
10.Beeswax
Primary insect wax used in dentistry
Melting range of 63°c-70°c
An ancient form of dental tooth filling.
SYNTHETIC WAXES
Limited application in dentistry it differs chemically from natural waxes.
GUMS
Viscous amorphous exudates obtained from plants that harden on exposure to air.Gum Arabic,
Tragacanth
FATS
Used to increase melting range of compounded wax
Hydrocarbon oils used to soften mixture of waxes
Silicone oils added to improve ease of polishing with waxes
RESINS
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PROPERTIES OF WAXES:
1. Melting range
Range of temperatures at which each component of the wax will start to soften and then flow.
Waxes have similar or different molecules of different molecularweights, they have meting range
rather than melting point.
2.Thermal expansion:
Waxes expand when subjected to rise in temp & contract as temp is decreased
This property can be altered slightly when various waxes are blended
Dental waxes & their components have highest coefficient of thermal expansion among dental
materials.
3.Mechanical flow:
Elastic modulus, proportional limit & compressive strength are very low compared to other
materials
These properties are dependant on temp changes
4.Flow:
Relative ability of wax to plastically deform when heated, resulting
from slippage of molecules over each other, Dependant on temperature of wax, force bringing
about deformation, time force is applied
5. Residual stress:
Regardless of method employed in fabrication of wax pattern residual stress exist in pattern
When wax pattern is formed under compression, dimensional change results from residual
stress & thermal expansion
When wax is held under compression during cooling, atoms & molecules are forced closer
together than when they are under no
external stress.
6.Ductility:
Ductility increases with temperature
Waxes with lower melting temp have greater ductility at given temperature compared to waxes
with high melting range.
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CLASSIFICATION OF WAXES:
Pattern :
• To form general predetermined size & contour of
artificial dental restoration, to be constructed of cast
gold, Co-Cr-Ni alloys or PMMA resin.
Processing:
Used as auxiliary aids in construction of
restorations & appliances in lab or clinically
• Simplify many dental procedures in denture
fabrication & soldering.
Impression:
Oldest recorded uses of wax is to make
impressions
• Since it exhibits high flow & ductility, gets
distorted when withdrawn from undercut areas.
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON USE:

Used in laboratory:
• Boxing, Beading ,Sticky
,Casting, Utility, Inlay type 2 , Baseplate.
Used in clinical aspects:
Baseplate
• Utility,Corrective,Bite registration, Disclosing wax, Inlay type 1.
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PROSTHODONTICS ASSIGNMENT

BDS 1st YEAR

Applications of dental waxes in dentistry:

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON USE:

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