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    Lesson 1 - Genetics Terminologies

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    Louise Axalan
    The document discusses genetics and inheritance terminology including genome, genetics, inheritance, genes, genotype, alleles, locus, karyotype, homologous chromosomes, dominant vs recessive traits, and genotype vs phenotype. It provides definitions and examples of these key genetics concepts.

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    Lesson 1 - Genetics Terminologies

    Uploaded by

    Louise Axalan
    21 views2 pages
    The document discusses genetics and inheritance terminology including genome, genetics, inheritance, genes, genotype, alleles, locus, karyotype, homologous chromosomes, dominant vs recessive traits, and genotype vs phenotype. It provides definitions and examples of these key genetics concepts.

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    Lesson 1_Genetics Terminologies

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    The document discusses genetics and inheritance terminology including genome, genetics, inheritance, genes, genotype, alleles, locus, karyotype, homologous chromosomes, dominant vs recessive traits, and genotype vs phenotype. It provides definitions and examples of these key genetics concepts.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    21 views2 pages

    Lesson 1 - Genetics Terminologies

    Uploaded by

    Louise Axalan
    The document discusses genetics and inheritance terminology including genome, genetics, inheritance, genes, genotype, alleles, locus, karyotype, homologous chromosomes, dominant vs recessive traits, and genotype vs phenotype. It provides definitions and examples of these key genetics concepts.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    GENETICS & INHERITANCE Genome Wide Arrays (GWA)

    ● Naming all 3 billion genome pairings


    TERMINOLOGIES ● Reading of genetic make up
    Genome ● Probability of diseases you might
    ● Sum total of all of an organism’s have in the future
    DNA
    ● All 3 billion base pairs PARTS OF CHROMOSOMES
    Genetics Genes
    ● Study of genes and their ● Each autosome carries same genes
    transmission from one generation to at the locus
    the next ● Both genes have same structure and
    Inheritance function
    ● Passing of genes from one ● Specific sequences -> specific
    generation to next generation amino acid -> specific protein
    Genes Alleles
    ● DNA sequences that contain ● More specific characteristic
    instruction for building proteins ● Alternative versions of the same
    Genotype gene pair (variant)
    ● Genes are located in the ● Arise from mutation
    chromosomes ● Gene: hair color; Allele from Dad:
    ● Humans: 46 chromosomes, 23 pairs blonde; Allele from Mom: black
    ● Autosomes (Body cells) Gene locus (loci)
    ○ First 22 pairs ● Location of specific gene pair
    ● Allosome (Sex chromosomes) ● Q arm (long arm) or ​P arm (short
    ○ Last 1 pair arm)
    ○ XX for F, XY for M ● “Chromosome marker”
    Karyotype ● More than one allele can be found
    ● Visual display or representation of all on a single locus but not the other
    chromosomes lined up side by size way around
    ● Identify and evaluate the size shape
    and total number of chromosomes What does the yellow
    ● Identify if chromosome defect is color represent?
    present in a fetus and its cause - GENES
    ● Identify mutations or alterations What does the red box
    (extra pair, missing pair, deletion) represent?
    - ALLELES
    What trait does it
    express?
    - BLUE EYES
    What is gene locus?
    - Q ARM
    DOMINANT V.S. RECESSIVE TYPES OF TRAITS
    Homologous chromosomes Dominant Trait/Allele
    ● One member of each pair is ● Masks or suppresses expression of
    inherited from each parent its complementary allele
    ● Look alike (size, shape, banding ● Always expressed even if
    pattern) heterozygous
    ● Have same genes at the same locus ● Not always more common than
    but have different alleles recessive
    ● Pair up because: ● May be rare in a population
    ○ They code for the same Recessive Trait/Allele
    genes or rather their locus ● Will not be expressed if paired with
    fits perfectly together dominant allele or heterozygous
    ● Will only be expressed if
    TYPES OF ALLELES homozygous for recessive allele
    Homozygous
    ● Two identical alleles at particular GENOTYPE V.S. PHENOTYPE
    locus Genotype
    ● Homozygous Dominant (DD, RR) ● Complete set of alleles
    ● Homozygous Recessive (dd, rr) ● Blueprint to be coded and expressed
    Heterozygous to physical characteristics
    ● Two different alleles at particular Phenotype
    locus ● Observable physical and functional
    ● Dominant + Recessive (Dd, Rr) traits
    Hemizygous ● Based on the genotype
    ● Special case alleles found in ● Can also be influenced by
    sex-linked traits environmental factors
    ● Common in men because of a
    shorter 46th chromosome
    ● Only one allele is present

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