© Ifthe reporting verb isin the past (eg said), we usually have to change the tense of what the person actually said. The general rule is go back one tense but there are some exceptions. | Direct speech | Reported speech | | present simple: Sam doesn't play hockey very often. | past simple: Fiona said that Sam didn't play hockey very often present coatinuous: fm winning! past continuous: Carol shouted tous that she was winning. | present perfect simple: ve never been given @ ast perfect simple: Paul said that he'd never been given a tiophy | tropty before! betore | present perfect continuous: They've been playing | past perfect continuous: She fold us that they'd been playing for | for four hours four hours | past simole: We fost the match, past perfect simple: Finally he fold us that they had lost the match. | past continuous: We were winning unti hatte. past perfect continuous: She said they had been winning unt! | | haittime | Eines something is stil true, we can change tense but we don't have to. + The article said that fishing is/was the most popular sport in Britain, * When we are reporting a scientific or historical fact, we don't usually change tense. ¥ Aan told me that Queen Victoria hated Gladstone, the Prime Minister © Although we can usualy leave out that (Alan told me (that) Queen Victoria ...), we cannot leave out that after the verbs reply and shout. ¥ Ireplied that going swimming in such cold water was a ridiculous idea. ee en \t the reporting verb is in the past (2g said), we sometimes have to change modals and semimodal. > Could, would, should, ought to, had better and need do not change. ¥ Toould swim when Iwas three,’ sai Lizzie. —» Lizzie said thal she eould swim when she was three. Direct speech will/shall | can must | have to | don't/doesn’t have to mustn't = may —_am/is/are going to | Reported speech would | coud | must had to dant have to must | might | mas/were gong to had to be not to beto shouldn't shoutd * When we are expressing obligation, mustin direct speech usually changes to had to, be to or should in reported speech. ‘7 You must do vat the referee tells you,’ sid the coach. The coach said that we had to / were to / should do what the referee told us. * When we are expressing obligation, mustn't can become mustn't, be not to or shouldn't You mustn't cheat under eny circumstances!” We were told that we mustn't / were not to / shouldn't cheat under any circumstances. * Must doesnt usually change to had to or should when we arg expressing probability. ¥ ‘Itmmust have fet wonderful when they won! said Dave. Dave said that it must have felt wonderful when 202Le Direct speech my. I's my tun, this that + noun: bought this fishing rod yesterday. thisAhat + verb: This is a great game! these/those + noun: Look at these baseball gloves! these/those + verb: These are the best baseball Reported speech: pronoun and determiner changes Reporting Unit 25 | Reported speech his/her: Eddie pointed out that it was his turn the/Ahat: Linda said she'd bought the fishing rod the day before ivthat: Tony said it was a great game. the/those: Alison told us to look at the baseball gloves. they: She said they were the best baseball gloves aloves (ve ever seen. she'd ever seen, verb + these/those (without an object: Ive had these them: She said she'd had them for years. for years, I sin donot nend' change tie worde/treses when the ilermeton tl mum at the remen of soeakne/ ing 1 see you at the match next week,’ said Dave. —* Dave told us he'd see us at the match next week * Innarratives, writers often use direct speech time words and phrases for dramatic effect. Carlo turned to Fraser and sad tha, here, now, they woud decide who the champion was once and fe al fia nee Tad Reported | Dtzctapeach | Reported speech Direct speech speech | here there ‘now, at the moment | then, at that moment tomorrow the following/next day, the day after next week/year/etc | the following/next week, the week after tonight that night last weel/year/etc | the week before, the previous week vesterday the day before, the previous day ago before, previously, earlier | Re ee = With reported questions, we make the same changes regarding tense, pronoun and time and place word/phrases as we do with reported speech, + _Ineported questions we don't use the question form or question marks. | Direct speech Reported speech Questions beginning with the verbs have, do, be and modals | ‘Do you want to play Monopoly? asked Chery | Questions with what, who, which, when, where, why and how What time did the match start? asked Jy. Cheryl asked if/whether we wanted to play Monopoly. Jimmy asked Andrea what time the match had started. B the structure question word + infitiv s very common wit reported question. i She asked me how to tune a piano. He asked me what to do, Reported commands and requests Direct speech - Reported speech | ‘Commands tell / command / order / instruct + sb + fullinfintive | ‘Put the cricket bats away!'said Alex Alex told me to put the cacket bats away. | Requests ‘ask + sb + ful infritve | ‘Would you put the cricket bats away’ asked Alex. —_ Alex asked me to put the cricket bats away. Reporting verbs Different reporting verbs take different grammatical patterns. Some verbs can take more than one pattern, eg deny doing, deny sth, deny that) ee _ ‘Common reporting verbs include: accuse, agree, apologise, ask, beg, clam, command, cry, deny, explain, instruct, order, promise, refuse, reply, respond, say, shout, state, suggest, tel, whisper 2038 When Iwas a teenager, my dad always told me that I'm not to stay out later than ten o'clock 9 | was pleased when Jilly told us that she ean help us paint the flat. if only 'd known then what that meant! 10. When I was at school, my English teacher always told us that we don’t have to pay attention but we do have to be quiet. 11 The letter they sent six months ago said that they shall be in touch again soon. Well, | haven't heard anything. since! 12. Seven years ago, the Prime Minister stated that his government will be corruptionfree. It doesn't look that way now, does it? D Write one word in each gap. 1 ‘Ohno! These shoes don't go with that suit at all | actualy really liked the shoes but Maureen told me didn't go with the suit | was planning to wear. 2. "This play is rubbish!’ Susan told us in no uncertain terms that 3. ‘My sister Chloe's coming to stay for a few days.’ Why did Derek say that She's called Clarissa, isn't she? 4 ‘This is not what | ordered” Mike told the waiter — quite rudely in my opinion - that he'd ordered, 5 ‘These trainers are far too expensive” My mum said that get them in the end. 6 ‘My number's easy. I's 123456.’ You don't know Sindy’s phone number, do you? She did actually tell me number but | stupidly forgot to write it down, 7 ‘Could you put these on the table?” Mum asked me to put 8 ‘You won't believe what happened to us last night.’ Angus and James told me that broken into last night E Write one word in each gap. play was rubbish, sister’s called Chloe? wasn't what. trainers were too expensive so | didn't on the table. house was Then Now Seamus: Hi Marist I's Seamus. Listen, what are you ‘Seamus asked Marios what he was doing at doing at the moment? moment, Marios: Right now? Nothing much. Why? Marios replied that right he was, Seamus: Well, do you remember last week I told you not doing anything much. about that new gym? I'm just about to check it Seamus mentioned a conversation they'd had the ‘out and | wondered if you'd like to come too. week. Mar Yeah, great! Umm... to tell you the truth, Marios admitted that he'd been to the gym two. Seamus, | actually went a couple of days ago. Its really good! days Seamus: Did you? Marios: Yeah, wel, 'm taking part in the London Marios reminded Seamus that he was taking part Marathon next month so I’ trying to get fit. in the London Marathon month. Seamus: Oh, of course you are. Well, you can show me round, then. Marios: Absolutely! Look, | was going to call you yesterday to ask you if you wanted to come with Marios told Seamus that he had been planning to ime next time, but something came up. call him the day ‘Seamus: No, no problem. Don’t worry about it Marios: Thanks. So, where shall we meet? Seamus: Well I'm at the office right now and the gym’s ‘only @ few minutes walk from here, Do you want to come here and we'll go together? Marios: Sure. See you in about half an hour Seamus: Okay. Bye! Marios: Bye! Seamus said he was at the office and suggested ‘they meet 205206 F Complete each second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. 1 ‘Carol and | went to a great museum when we were in Italy last month,’ said Shirley. Shirley told her friends that 2 ‘Lonly washed these trousers yesterday, Tony!’ said his mum, Tony's mum told 3. ‘You have to get all the letters sent off by tomorrow,’ said Jake to his secretary as he was leaving. As he was leaving, Jake told 4 ‘We shall meet you all back here in exactly half an hour from now.” Mum told me that 5 ‘Luckily | don't have to go into the office this Saturday’ said Olivia, Olivia said happily that 6 ‘It can't be very nice having all these cars going by all the time.’ ‘Alan commented to Ros that 7 ‘il put these in water right now.” Daniel's mum said that 8 ‘Itold Dan two days ago that this report would have to be rewritten,’ said Greg. Greg told Jeanne that Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the word given. 1 Will you come with me to the concert next Thursday” Andrea asked Gareth, go Andrea asked Gareth if vs to the concert the following Thursday. 2 ‘Does the train get in at four o'clock?’ asked Pete. whether Pete asked at four o'clock. 3. ‘Have you been talking on the phone all evening, Tim?’ asked his dad. if Tim's dad asked t ‘on the phone all evening. 4 ‘Are you all coming tomorrow?’ Fiona asked us. whether Fiona asked = day. 5 ‘Doesn't Jerry ive near you anymore?’ asked Dominic, me Dominic asked whether any more. 6 ‘Shall send you an email about it, Trevor?’ asked Kevin, him Kevin asked . an e-mail about it. 7 ‘Shall |help you do the dishes, Carlo?’ said Robert. offered Robert the dishes. 8 Do we really have to go to bed right now? Toby asked his parents. did Toby asked his parents go to bed right then, Circle the correct word or phrase. 1 Kostas didn't dare ask Eleni where had she / she had been the previous evening. 2 Iwas tempted to ask why did Rar anted to sit next to Li Han so badly, 3 We did ask Carol who she had / had she invited but for some reason she wouldn't tellus. 4 Can you believe it? Fred actually asked me how to / could he send an email! 5 Noone has asked me why didn't I / I didn’t come to work yesterday. 6 7 8 lim going to ask them what on earth did they think / they thought they were doing. ‘Ask that man over there who should we / to complain to. Doug and Sally didn't even ask me how the website was / was the website going.Reporting Unit 25 | Write a verb from the box in the correct form in each gap. | attack + do * get lke © make * pass * take © tak © tum * use * want + work 1 You'd better ask the security guard how into the building at the weekend. 2 That was so nice of them to ask whether | to stay the night. 3. Iknow you asked me the washing-up now but itll only take a minute, | promise. 4. Why did the officer order his men when he knew they were outnumbered? 5. Iwould ask you .. judgement until you know ail the facts. 6 I couldn't believe it when Sandy came out and asked me if drugs before 7 Idor't lke asking you .- Of a Saturday, but Im afraid there's no alternative. 8 You should have asked your mother which C10th a.m» She'd KNOW. 9 Itwas funny when you were asked by the technician how the computer on. 10 She very kindly asked me it {uit cake and said there was a fruit salad if | preferred 11 Go and ask your dad us a coffee, would you? 12 Tm sorry, but we've been instructed to reporters under any circumstances. J Choose the correct answer. 1 Do you deny this with the defendant 5 The kids suggested 2 pizza tonight. ‘on the day in question? What do you think? Ato discuss C of having discussed Ato get C getting B discussing D to have discussed B we'll get D for getting 2. Why did you refuse the police 6 | do agree there simple solution to officers questions? It only makes you look guity! this problem. Ato answer C that you answer Aisno Cot to be B answering D for answering 8 be not D not being 3. Its about time Mrs Richards apologised to me 7 Tammy responded .. that at least she'd - ...Me a gossip infront of everybody. never lied to her parents. Ato have called C that she called Ato say C by saying B from caling D for having called B that she said D with having said 4 She may claim @ PhD but nobody's 8 I'm begging .. ve ever actually seen the certificate. Ayouto stay your staying A having Cto have B that you stay D you for staying B for having. Dif she has K_ Write one word in each gap. Hobbies ‘The next time someone asks me (1) my hobbies are, or, indeed, (2) | have any hobbies, I'm tempted to refuse (3) answer. Better still, ll turn the question round and ask them to (4) me what their hobbies are. Doubtless they'll claim to (5) an avid collector of rare postage stamps, or an expert builder of cathedrals-outof matchsticks, but | shan't believe it. | don't think we should deny (6) any longer: the hobby is dead. | would like to suggest (7) , from now on, the word ‘hobby’ is erased from our vocabulary. You may accuse me (8) being naive, but | strongly believe the facts support my case. Ask any teenager - or adult, for that matter - how they 9) ooo their spare time. Theyil respond (10) a list of activities - going to the gym, playing computer games, watching TV, downloading music, hanging out with friends, surfing the Internet, going to the pub, playing football — none of which can sensibly be called a hobby. 207