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    Microstrip Antenna Arrays: Prof. Girish Kumar

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    amitgh88
    Microstrip antenna arrays can be fed using series or corporate feed networks. Series feed networks have reduced feed length and losses but narrower bandwidth, while corporate feeds provide equal power to each element and larger bandwidth but higher losses. Microstrip antenna arrays were designed with series and corporate feeding networks and tested at various frequencies such as Ka-band, X-band, and S-band. The arrays demonstrated bandwidths of several percent and gains up to 24 dBi. Different array geometries such as end-fed, center-fed, and space-fed configurations were also investigated and compared.

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    Microstrip Antenna Arrays: Prof. Girish Kumar

    Uploaded by

    amitgh88
    165 views24 pages
    Microstrip antenna arrays can be fed using series or corporate feed networks. Series feed networks have reduced feed length and losses but narrower bandwidth, while corporate feeds provide equal power to each element and larger bandwidth but higher losses. Microstrip antenna arrays were designed with series and corporate feeding networks and tested at various frequencies such as Ka-band, X-band, and S-band. The arrays demonstrated bandwidths of several percent and gains up to 24 dBi. Different array geometries such as end-fed, center-fed, and space-fed configurations were also investigated and compared.

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    MSA-Array

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    Microstrip antenna arrays can be fed using series or corporate feed networks. Series feed networks have reduced feed length and losses but narrower bandwidth, while corporate feeds provide equal power to each element and larger bandwidth but higher losses. Microstrip antenna arrays were designed with series and corporate feeding networks and tested at various frequencies such as Ka-band, X-band, and S-band. The arrays demonstrated bandwidths of several percent and gains up to 24 dBi. Different array geometries such as end-fed, center-fed, and space-fed configurations were also investigated and compared.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    165 views24 pages

    Microstrip Antenna Arrays: Prof. Girish Kumar

    Uploaded by

    amitgh88
    Microstrip antenna arrays can be fed using series or corporate feed networks. Series feed networks have reduced feed length and losses but narrower bandwidth, while corporate feeds provide equal power to each element and larger bandwidth but higher losses. Microstrip antenna arrays were designed with series and corporate feeding networks and tested at various frequencies such as Ka-band, X-band, and S-band. The arrays demonstrated bandwidths of several percent and gains up to 24 dBi. Different array geometries such as end-fed, center-fed, and space-fed configurations were also investigated and compared.

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    of 24

    Microstrip Antenna Arrays

    Prof. Girish Kumar


    Electrical Engineering Department, IIT Bombay

    [email protected]
    (022) 2576 7436
    MSA Array Feed Networks
    Series Feed
    Corporate (Parallel) Feed
    Series and Corporate Feed
    Series Feed Corporate Feed
    Advantages : Advantages:
    • Reduced feed length • Equal power to all element
    • Reduced losses • Larger BW
    •Lower Sidelobe • Modular in nature
    Disadvantages: Disadvantages:
    • Beam tilt with Frequency • Higher Feed losses
    • Narrow BW • Higher cross polar
    Series Fed MSA Array
    Patch λ/2 connecting line

    Elements Value (mm)


    Patch Length (pl) 2.68 Antenna at Ka-Band
    Patch Width (pw) 3.2 RT 5880 substrate:
    εr = 2.2, h = 0.254mm
    Connecting line 2.77
    length (cl) and tanδ = 0.0015
    Connecting line 0.4
    width (cw)
    Space between 5.45
    patches
    23×1 Series Fed Array at Ka Band
    |S11| Plot Input Impedance Plot

    BW for |S11|  -10dB-35.9 to 38 GHz (5.6%)

    Gain: 19dB
    at 36 GHz
    4
    Radiation Pattern at 36GHz Gain vs Frequency plot
    13x1 Series Fed MSA Array at 5.8 GHz

    Patch Length = 16.84mm


    Patch width = 12.7mm BW for
    Feed line length = 18.85mm VSWR < 2 is
    Inter element spacing = 0.6λo 5.78 to 5.94 GHz

    Max Gain
    at
    5.82 GHz
    is ≈17 dB
    Radiation Pattern at 5.8GHz
    7x1 Series Fed MSA Array at 5.8 GHz

    Fabricated 7-element series-fed Array

    VSWR vs. Frequency Plot Gain vs. Frequency Plot


    Comparison of Central feed with End feed MSAA

    ( Central Feed, End Feed )


    VSWR vs. frequency Gain vs. frequency plot
    Comparison of Central feed with End feed (Cont.)
    S. No. Parameters Central Feed End Feed
    1 VSWR <2 Bandwidth (MHz) 100 141
    2 Maximum Gain (dBi) 14.8 14.5
    3 E-plane HPBW at 5.73 GHz (degrees) -7.2 to 7.2 -4.3 to 9.7
    4 E-plane HPBW at 5.78 GHz (degrees) -6.7 to 6.8 -2.2 to 10.6
    5 E-plane HPBW at 5.83 GHz (degrees) -6.3 to 6.3 0.7 to 12.7
    6 Cross-polar levels (dB) 35 20

    (a) (b) (c)


    Radiation Pattern at (a) 5.73, (b) 5.78 and (c) 5.83 GHz
    Corporate Feed Planar MSA Array at X-Band

    Input Impedance Plot


    X-band antenna designed at f = 8.75 GHz
    Substrate: RT Duroid 5880 (εr = 2.2, h = 1.59 mm and tanδ = 0.001)
    Patch Length = 13.23 mm, Patch Width = 10.17 mm
    Inter element spacing in the E and H planes = 23 mm (0.67λ0)
    Corporate Feed 2x2 MSA Array Results

    BW for VSWR ≤ 2 is more Radiation Pattern


    than 500 MHz (~6%) at 8.75 GHz
    8x8 Corporate feed MSA Array
    8x8 Corporate feed MSA Array Results

    Radiation Pattern at 8.75 GHz


    BW for VSWR < 1.5 is E-Plane HPBW = 9.9°
    8.55 - 9.0 GHz (~5%) H-Plane HPBW = 9.4°
    Max SLL = –12.5
    Max Gain = 21.3 dB
    Broadband 4x4 EMCP MSA Array

    BW is 16% (8.7 -10.2 GHz)

    Max. Gain = 19 dB
    21 mm Air gap
    Monopulse System using EMCP MSA Array
    having Series and Corporate Feeds
    BW for
    VSWR 2 is
    13% (8.75 to
    10 GHz)

    Isolation
    between
    240 ports:
    mm Sum to Diff.
    < -20 dB
    Air gap
    Diff. to Diff.
    < -40 dB
    14
    Monopulse System using EMCP MSA Array
    having Series and Corporate Feeds - Results

     Max. Gain = 24.7 dBi at 9.7GHz  HPBW: 9° in Azimuth


     Variation in Gain < 0.5 dB and Elevation Planes
    over the bandwidth of 1 GHz  SLL < -15 dB
    15
    Space Fed CMSA Array (1B7T)

    r
    x x1
    Ф r1 r2
    y
    s

    1B7T Space-Fed Array Top View


    s Elements Value (mm)
    h

    Parasitic Elements
    Bottom element radius (r) 13.1
    h2 h3 Top element radius (r1, r2) 13.1, 12.7
    Ө Ground
    Radiating Element Inter-element Spacing (s) 33
    Plane
    h1 Air gap (g) 25.85 (λ0/2)
    Coaxial Feed
    1B7T Space-Fed Array Side View
    1B7T Space-Fed CMSA Array Results

    VSWR vs Frequency Plot Gain vs Frequency Plot

    E-Plane Radiation Pattern H-Plane Radiation Pattern


    Series-Fed Array of Gap Coupled RMSA

    (a) (b) (c)

    (a) Fabricated 3-element broadband linear series-fed antenna


    array on finite ground plane of 115 mm x 100 mm. Simulated and
    measured (b) VSWR and (b) Gain vs. frequency plots
    Measured VSWR ≤ 2 BW = 5.535 to 5.84 GHz (~5%)
    Max gain of antenna array =13.4 dBi
    EMCP Dual Polarized MSA in S-Band

    Elements Value (mm)


    Square Element (L1 ) 39.6
    Air gap (g1) 3
    Feed Offset (s) 2.3
    Quarter wave 16 x 9.2
    Transformer (l2 x w2)
    EMCP Dual Polarized MSA Results

    BW for VSWR<2 is from


    2.375 to 2.725 GHz (~13%) S21 < -40 dB
    EMCP Dual Polarized MSA Array at 5.8 GHz

    3x3 Power Divider for Two Ports Microstrip Line Feed Network

    Top 6x6 Radiating Elements Integrated 6x6 EMCP Antenna Array


    EMCP Dual Polarized MSA Array at 5.8 GHz - Results

    Measured (a) VSWR, (b) S21 and (c) Gain vs. frequency plots
    of 6x6 array of EMCP dual polarized antenna
    Phased Array Antenna
    Active Phased Array Antennas

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