Laozi - Daodejing

( Lao Tzu - Tao Te Ching )

Word by Word

Two Literal English Translations

One Simple, One Complex,

The Chinese Text and a Pinyin Transcription

by Bradford Hatcher
Copyright © 2009, Bradford Hatcher, All Rights Reserved

1st Edition, Published in Nucla, CO: Hermetica.info, 2009

Find Current Information at http://www.hermetica.info

DDCS 299.51…. LAO ….

LCCN BL 1900 L26 E5 ….

ISBN 978-0-9824191-0-6
 Table of Contents

Section A - A Simple Translation 1

Introduction 1
A Simple Translation 7
Footnotes 49

Section B - A Matrix Translation and Chinese Text 51

Introduction and Search Tips 51
A Matrix Translation 55
Common Variations in the Text 195
Guodian Index 203

Section C - Glossary 207

Words 209
Characters Not in the Glossary 235
Common Words 253
Phrases and Idioms 254
Pronouncing Pinyin Chinese 256
Pinyin to Wade-Giles Conversion 258

Section D - Bibliography 259-265

 Introduction
With more than a hundred English translations of this little book in
print it has become customary to begin each new version with an apology
explaining the need for yet another English version. But this one may come
as a surprise to many readers: nobody has yet attempted a rigorously literal
translation of the Dao De Jing. Nobody has produced a stand-alone English
version wherein all of the Chinese words are represented by English counter-
parts. And nobody has yet attempted a translation which fully resists the
temptation to insert grammatical subjects and genders which do not exist in
the Chinese original.
However a number of translators have demonstrated an admirable res-
pect for the original Chinese text and there exist many fine to passable trans-
lations, even if not strictly literal. My own favorites are highlighted in bold in
the Bibliography. Further, several versions have provided readers with Eng-
lish equivalents alongside each of the Chinese characters. These too are noted
in the bibliography. Unfortunately most do not mention which of the many
variations in the text are being used or point out places where other versions
differ. Typos are usually a problem with these as well.
There are several reasons for such a confusion of books. The most ob-
vious is that there exists a large popular market for this book, while most of
the readers within this market know next to nothing about the Old Chinese
language. They seem to trust that publishing house editors, or the reviewers
quoted on the covers, are more knowledgeable. This is not the case. But there
is a still deeper source of confusion: the original work is not that much better
understood in Chinese than in English. Thousands of volumes of interpreta-
tion exist in the Chinese language, dating as far back as Wang Bi and
Heshang Gong in the third century CE. Interpretations tend to follow schools
of thought and the cumulative error that this often entails. Often systems of
thought which were in some way derived from Lao Zi are used retroactively
to interpret the meaning of the source text. The original’s language is terse,
ambiguous in places, and full of word play. The Old Chinese language itself
has no set parts of speech, no tense, gender, voice, mood, plurals, etc. In
many ways it resembles Tarot cards more than it does conventional language:
most words carry a large number of possible translations, in many parts of
speech, and intended meanings do not become clearer until studied in their
more limiting contexts. The fact that the original is rhymed is not as impor-
tant as some scholars seem to think: with only 411 syllables, rhyming in the
Chinese language is easy. But where the book makes effort to rhyme it often
makes the grammar less familiar. Finally, hundreds of older editions exist, and
rarely will two be found which agree word for word throughout. Choices
must often be made between these.
As the book began to be translated into languages other than Chinese,
a few more interpretive problems entered the picture. The earliest editions
were authored by Christian missionaries. These formed a substratum of schol-
1
arship upon which most later work was built. But the phrase “full of precon-
ceptions” could almost stand in as a definition of the word “missionary.” To
give credit where due, their minds seemed more open than their less scholarly
brethren. But in their effort to save Lao Zi’s soul they made his words sound
almost as though Jesus might have spoken them, even unto the absurdity of
translating Dao as God. There were also a number of wrong assumptions
made about the impossibility of translating Chinese literally, particularly about
the need to insert non-existent subjects of non-existent genders. This assump-
tion continues, but I challenge it here.
A great mass of speculation, set forth with great cleverness and erudi-
tion, has been done on what this little book says and means, often flying right
in the face of the many things that Lao Zi himself had to say on the difficul-
ties that we humans have due to cleverness and erudition. This is delightfully,
wickedly perverse. Lao Zi will say something like: “The five colors will make
the human eye blind.” Commentators will then rush to “enlighten” us, with
great detail, about what the five colors are, presumably so that we can watch
out for them.
For the above reasons I perceived a need to return to the original text,
as best as this can be reconstructed, and plod word by word through this until
it made sense. It is after all the original, and neither a translation nor a com-
mentary, which has survived these two dozen centuries. And, as it turned out,
the book was able to speak for, and even introduce itself. In other words I
have tried to present Laozi’s Dao De Jing as a simple book with lots of com-
plex thoughts, and not as a Daoist text or even a philosophical work. Com-
mentary in this edition will be limited to a few footnotes on some of the more
obscure cultural references and passages where misinterpretation has been the
most common. Restraint has been the most difficult where refraining from
explaining such key Chinese terms as Dao (way, path, truth), De (character,
merit, virtue), Po (unworked wood, original nature, simplicity) and Wei (to
do, perform, make, become, regard as). For these the reader is referred to the
Glossary at the back of the book.
Two different kinds of translations are given here. The first is familiar- a
linear representation of thoughts in one language given in another. Particu-
larly between these two languages, much is lost in translation. The original is
far too broad in implication to be fully captured by so narrow and specific
language as English. English words cannot be made as fat with meaning as
Chinese, unless they spread out in another direction or dimension. The second
translation addresses this problem by offering a multi-dimensional matrix
from which a practically infinite number of linear translations can be derived.
This offers an average of perhaps four to five different English options for
each Chinese word, and often demonstrates choices between different gram-
matical constructions. This may be so unfamiliar and so confusing to most
readers that it is best thought of as an intricate set of footnotes, or a demon-
stration of the thought processes by which the linear translation of each line
was derived. It can still be used to answer specific questions about the turning
2
of certain phrases and the (often deliberate) polysemy, ambiguities and double
entendres in the original.
The combined speculation on Lao Zi’s history and the origin of this
book would fill hundreds of volumes in Chinese and dozens in English. If we
set aside all the speculation, this is what we have left: The Dao De Jing (Tao
Te Ching) was written in China during either the late Spring and Autumn
Period or the Warring States Period of the Zhou Dynasty, at some time be-
tween 550 and 350 BCE, by one or more persons either named, writing un-
der the pen name of, or who came to be named Lao Zi (Lao Tzu). Two
things often said of Shakespeare apply also to Lao Zi: if the Dao De Jing was
not written by Lao Zi, it was by someone else of the same name; and if Lao
Zi did not write the Dao De Jing he most certainly missed the opportunity of
a lifetime. The name “Lao Zi,” which also stood for a few centuries as the
book’s title, could be a real name, meaning Elder Sir, or a pen name meaning
the Old Youngster. Sima Qian (Ssu-Ma Ch’ien, 145-86 BCE), the Han Dy-
nasty historian, offered the most widely accepted - but still speculative - his-
tory:

Sima Qian shi ji, Lao Zi chuan

Sima Qian’s historical record, Lao Zi’s story

Si-ma Qian yue

Sima Qian writes:
Lao Zi zhe
Lao Zi was
Chu, Ku xian, Li xiang, Qu-ren li ren ye.
(A) Chu (Province), Ku district, Li county Quren hamlet resident.
Xing Li shi
Surnamed of the Li gentry
Ming Er
Proper name Er
Zi Dan
Styled Dan
Zhou shou cang shi zhi shi ye.
A Zhou official in charge of historical archives.
Kong Zi shi Zhou
Kong Zi [Confucius] went to Zhou
Jiang wen li yu Lao-zi
In order to confer with Lao Zi about ceremony
Lao Zi yue, zi, suo yan zhe
Lao Zi said, Sir, that of which (you) speak,
Qi ren yu gu jie yi xiu yi!
These men, along with their bones, are all done with and decayed!
Du qi yan zai er
Only their words remain to be heard
3
Qie jun zi de qi shi ze jia
Now a nobleman who has his timing then rises
Bu de qi shi ze feng lei er xing
Failing to find his timing then drifts among involvements and
wanders about
Wu wen zhi:
This I hear:
Liang gu shen cang ruo xu
The good merchant is well guarded, (and) seems to be poor
Jun zi sheng de rong mao ruo yu
A nobleman full of character assumes a posture perhaps of
commonness
Qu, zi, zhi jiao qi, duo yu, tai se, yu yin zhi
Let go, Sir, of these proud airs, many desires, affected looks and
excessive ambitions
Shi jie wu yi yu, zi, zhi shen
This is all of no use, Sir, to life
Wu suo yi gao zi ruo shi er yi
This is what I intend to tell you about, Sir, and it is finished
Kong Zi qu
Kong Zi departed
Wei di zi yue:
(And) addressed the disciples, saying:
Niao wu zhi qi neng fei
(Of) birds, we know they can fly
Yu wu zhi qi neng you
(Of) fish, we know they can swim
Shou wu zhi qi neng zou
(Of) beasts, we know they can run
Zou zhe ke yi wei wang
For what runs, traps may be made
You zhe ke yi wei lun
For what swims, nets may be made
Fei zhe ke yi wei zeng
For what flies, arrows may be made
Zhi yu long
As to dragons
Wu bu neng zhi qi cheng feng yun er shang tian
We do not know how they ride the wind & clouds and ascend
to heaven
Wu jin mu jian Lao Zi
Today my eyes beheld Lao Zi
Qi you long ye?
Is he (not) like the dragon?
4
Lao Zi xiu dao de
Lao Zi cultivated the path (and) merit
Qi xue yi zi yin, wu ming, wei wu
His teachings concerned self-effacement, namelessness, the business
of doing.
Ju Zhou jiu zhi
Having dwelt long in Zhou
Jian Zhou zhi shuai nai sui qu
(He) foresaw the Zhou’s decline and consequently departed
Zhi guan
Coming to the frontier
Guan ling Yin Xi yue:
The customs house officer, Director Xi, said:
Zi, jiang yin yi
(You) Sir, about to retire,
Qiang wei wo zhu shu
Please, set down a document for my sake
Yu shi Lao Zi nai zhu shu shang xia pian
With this Lao Zi then wrote a book (in) upper and lower sections
Yan dao de zhi yi
Discussing the meaning of Dao and De
Wu qian yu yan er qu
(In) five thousand and more words and then departed
Mo zhi qi suo zhong
Nobody knows where he ended.

Sima Qian continues beyond this with a few more biographical anecdotes, but
these are much prefaced by “some say” and “perhaps,” and these stories
have led to some wild conclusions about Lao Zi’s great longevity. Even the
foregoing account makes the questionable claim that the Lao Zi we have
come to know and love as the Chinese Diogenes was a person who would be
consulted on subjects of ceremony, by the fussy Kong Zi no less. Unfortu-
nately most of recorded Chinese history (together with the earliest versions of
this book) was lost in the Qin dynasty when the tyrant Qin Shihuang burned
most of the books.

5
 Lao Zi zhi Dao De Jing

in Simple Translation

The following is an attempt at a succinct and straightforward literal

translation of a carefully emended Chinese version of the Dao De Jing.
The division of the work into two parts (Chapters 1-37 & 38-81) is a
convention which dates back to the Zhou Dynasty, but probably not to the
origin of the text. These are sometimes called the Dao Jing and the De Jing
respectively. The word Jing, which simply means classic, was a Han Dynasty
addition to a small number of revered texts and indicated canonization. The
book’s eighty-one chapters are numbered and given in the conventional order
here, even though these divisions came much later. The chapter divisions may
be thought of as little more than reference points. They are not particularly
meaningful in terms of dividing the subject matter into discrete themes. A
given chapter may as likely contain three subjects as half a subject, and in no
logical order either. Chapters are further broken down into itemized lines in-
dicating what is called “parsing,” roughly the division of a text into clauses
and phrases, not necessarily sentences. For the most part this parsing is not a
part of the original text either, but a matter of convenience and convention.
However breaks are sometimes indicated in the original by particles indicative
of the completion of a thought, a question, an exclamation or a pause.
There were three objectives in this first version:
1) To represent each Chinese term with an English counterpart (for the
particles, sometimes a punctuation mark) so that no part of the original idea
was left out of the text. In a few cases a single English word carried the
meaning of two or three Chinese words (much more often it would take two
or more English words to render a Chinese one). For example, tian xia, (all)
beneath the sky, is sometimes rendered as nature or the world. Negatives
such as bu and wu are often translatable as a prefix or suffix such as un- or
–less (but not all words prefixed or suffixed thus in the translation are derived
in this way). Or zhong bu, to the end not, may translate as never. But this
simplification was done sparingly. Double negatives are far too important to
Lao Zi’s thought processes to render as simple positives. For example, Lao
Zi might have described the work to be done by human beings as “to stop
doing what does not work.” This is is entirely different from “doing only
what works.” Reiteratives are usually simplified by translators into single
words when they should instead be explored for the added breadth of mean-
ing they offer. One net result of this word for word discipline was to prevent
me from ignoring the little words and particles when they seemed inconven-
ient, as most translators and scholars have done. The assumption made here
was that, in a book this short and succinct, every stroke had meaning.
2) To add as few words as possible, with no embellishment. Much of
the meaning of the Chinese text is implied by the position of the words within
a phrase, and often this implication includes the part of speech, as well as
7
tense, gender, plurality, voice and mood. Possessives and conjunctions are
often merely implied. If, when and where are often assumed, especially where
there is a then or there in the next clause. I often had the need to make these
implications explicit by adding words sparingly, in parentheses. An implied
and is rendered either as (and) or &. Occasionally an English expression was
allowed to stand alone as a sentence fragment. No apology is made for this.
3) To preserve the original word order, wherever this could be render-
ed in a way which made sense. But this was not always possible or even de-
sirable. Prepositions, possessives and the word zhe (is, means or one who) are
probably the most often out of English sequence. Alterations of word order
are indicated only in the Part Two Matrix, by up and down arrows (^ v).
The cost of implementing the above three objectives was surprisingly
light - there is the occasional awkwardness of a fragment or an unfamiliarity
in the turn of a phrase. But most of the few idioms used actually translate into
English fairly well. In the end, perhaps dozens of lines which have been poor-
ly understood in both Chinese and English have been cleared up here, not by
clever and intricate analysis but by the enforcement of simplicity and the
reining in of overcomplicated speculation. But it should still be understood
that there was a cost. There are a lot of places where I could have departed
from my objective just a little bit and made the text sound prettier, or more
floral or lyrical. But I couldn’t sacrifice the meaning for that. That has been
done enough already.
The choices which have been made here between the various versions
of the text are indicated only in the Part Two Matrix by underlining in the
first two columns. The alternative Chinese words (and in a few cases parsings)
are given at the end of the Matrix. I have generally followed the Wang Bi
version of the text, but there are dozens of cases where a preponderance of
the other versions disagree with Wang Bi while concurring amongst them-
selves. Particularly in cases where one or both of the Mawangdui texts and
the Guodian fragments stand united in agreement with the Heshang Gong or
the Fu Yi versions, I have felt little discomfort about siding with such a strong
majority.
To find a particular chapter quickly, use the chapter number with the
Find command. This also works in the Big5 or Traditional Chinese text.

8
01 A path fit for travel
b Is not an unvarying path* [See footnotes at the end of this
c A name fit for calling chapter, especially this note]
d Is not a generic name
e “Nothing” names the origin of heaven and earth
f “Being” names the mother of the myriad beings
g And so, always be dispassionate
h In order to see the mysteries
i Always be passionate
j In order to see the objectives
k These two mean the same (when) emerging
l While diverging in significance
m The sameness tells of their mystery
n Mystery leading to greater mystery
o (Is) the gateway to every mystery

02 All under heaven know the beauty of things as beauty

b So ugliness is already there
c All know the good of things as the good
d So the not-good is already there
e And so being and nothingness beget each other
f Difficult & easy complete each other
g Lasting & brief contrast each other
h High & low rely on each other
i Tone & voice resonate with each other
j Before & after follow each other
k This is how wise ones abide without interfering with the work,
l Practice without speaking their doctrine
m A myriad beings emerge here, but without explanation
n Are produced, but with no claims
o Are developed, but with no expectations
p Works are accomplished, but with no dwelling
q Insofar as there is no dwelling
r This means there is no departure

9
03 Not exalting worthies
b Keeps the people from rivalry
c Not prizing goods which are hard to obtain
d Keeps the people from acting like thieves
e Not displaying the desirable
f Keeps the people’s hearts from confusion
g This is how wise ones approach government
h Emptying the hearts
i (And) filling the bellies
j Weakening the ambitions
k (And) strengthening the bones
l Always keeping the people free of sophistication, free of desires
m So that even the clever ones will not presume to meddle at all
n (Where) action does not take action
o There nothing is out of order

04 The way (is) an emptiness, and in its use

b Somehow there is nothing in excess
c So deep -
d As if ancestor to the myriad beings
e Blunt in its sharpness
f Resolved in its tangles
g Shaded in its glare
h One with this world
i So deep & clear
j Seeming as though seeming to exist
k We do not know whose child this is
l (But) imagine it divinity’s ancestor

05 Heaven & earth are not compassionate

b Treating the myriad beings as straw dogs
c Wise ones are not compassionate
d Regarding the hundred families as straw dogs
e The space between heaven & earth
f How this is like bellows & flutes!
g Empty, yet never exhausted
h (When) moved then more is produced
i Lots of words adds up to exhaustion,
j (This is) never as good as holding the center

10
06 The spirit of the valley does not die
b It may be known as the mysterious feminine
c The gateway of the mysterious feminine
d May be known as the source of heaven and earth
e Endless, continuous, seeming to exist
f To practice this is not effort

07 Heaven is eternal, earth endures

b The reason why heaven & earth can continue and endure
is this:
c That their lives are not their own
d In this way (they) can go on living
e This is why wise ones put themselves last
f And yet (their) being advances
g Exclude themselves
h And yet (their) being persists
i Is it not because they have no self-interest?
j Thus (they) can fulfill their self-interests

08 The highest good is like water

b Water’s goodness benefits the myriad beings
c And yet does not strive
d Dwells in places which everyone else regards with contempt
e And in this way is close to the way
f In dwelling the good is place
g In mind the good is depth
h In relations the good is compassion
i In speech the good is sincerity
j In government the good is organization
k In business the good is competence
l In movement the good is timing
m It is only when there is no contention
n That there then is no resentment

11
09 To maintain but then overdo something
b Is not as good as one’s showing restraint
c To rough out but then (over)hone something
d Does not help hold (the edge) long
e (When) coins and jade fill the hall
f Nobody can defend this
g (Being) wealthy & honored and then being proud
h The natural consequence is one’s own misfortune
i (When) the work succeeds a body retires
j Keeping to heaven’s path

10 (Are) shaping a soul & embracing union

b Possible without separation?
c (Are) concentrating the breath & attaining responsiveness
d Possible (as a) newborn child?
e (Are) cleansing & clearing the mystery’s vision
f Possible without a stain?
g (Are) caring for people & ruling a realm
h Possible without interfering?
i (Are) opening & closing the gates of heaven
j Possible playing the woman?
k (Are) clarifying & simplifying the four directions
l Possible without knowledge?
m Create things & care for them
n Create but do not possess
o Act but do not expect
p Lead but do not rule
q These may be called “mystical powers*”

11 Thirty spokes converge in one hub

b Then depending upon what does not exist
is the vehicle’s usefulness
c Mold clay in order to produce a vessel
d Then depending upon what does not exist
is the vessel’s usefulness
e Cut out doors and windows in order to make a dwelling
f Then depending upon what does not exist
is the dwelling’s usefulness
g Thus, the existence of something serves to make value
h The lack of something serves to make utility
12
12 The five colors will make the human eye blind
b The five tones will make the human ear deaf
c The five flavors will make the human palate jaded
d Racing for speed and hunting for sport
e Will make the human heart go mad
f Goods which are hard to obtain
g Will bring human progress obstruction
h This is why wise ones
i Regard the belly instead of regarding the sight
j And so dismiss That to choose This

13 Favor & disgrace are equally frightening

b Exaltation and big trouble are the same as oneself
c Why say that favor & disgrace are equally frightening
d Favor sets up a downfall
e To get it is the same as a warning
f To lose it is the same as a warning
g Which says that favor & disgrace are equally frightening
h Why say that exaltation and big trouble
are the same as oneself?
i This is the reason that we have big troubles:
j Assuming that we are selves
k As long as we are not selves
l What troubles do we have?
m And so, to respect & regard as oneself
the workings of the world
n Is the same as deserving to inhabit the world
o To love & regard as oneself
the workings of the world
p Is the same as deserving to be steward to the world

13
14 Looking for things not seen
b Descriptions will tell of “the invisible”
c Listening for things not heard
d Descriptions will tell of “the inaudible”
e Reaching for things not grasped
f Descriptions will tell of “the intangible”
g These three do not allow complete investigation
h And so are confused and considered as one
i What height is not bright
j What depth is not dark
k An unbroken continuity does not permit description -
l A return home to non existence
m And so this is called the form of the formless
n The image of nothingness
o It is called obscure & elusive
p When it is met its head is not seen
q When it is followed its end is not seen
r To grasp the path of the ancients
s Is the way to master present existence
t The capacity to comprehend the ancient beginnings
u May be called the clue* to the way

14
15 The ancient gentlemen who were skilled at practice
b Were subtle & mysterious, profound & penetrating
c A depth not easy to fathom
d Inasmuch as they were not easy to fathom
e It is thus an effort to construct their appearance
f So ready -
g As if fording a stream in winter
h So vigilant -
i As if wary of (all) four neighbors
j So dignified -
k As though they were guests
l So relenting -
m Like ice which is about to melt
n So artless -
o As though they were of unworked wood
p So expansive -
q As though they were watersheds
r So intermingled -
s As though they were turbid streams
t Who is able, (as) a turbid stream, to become still
and arrive by degrees at clarity?
u Who is able, at peace, to become energetic
and arrive by degrees at lasting vitality?
v Whoever preserves this path
w Not longing for more than fullness
x Only those not overfull
y Can then stay obscure
and not begin to be finished

15
16 Attaining perfect emptiness
b Remain patient & sincere
c The myriad beings arise as one
d Through this we observe the return
e Of beings in numberless multitudes
f Each coming home to its root
g Return to the root means serenity
h It may be called a return to a higher order
i Return to higher order speaks of the enduring
j To comprehend the enduring speaks of clarity
k To not comprehend the enduring
l Is to recklessly create suffering
m To comprehend the enduring (is) tolerance
n Tolerance becomes justice
o Justice becomes sovereignty
p Sovereignty becomes celestial
q The celestial becomes the path
r The path is then continuous
s The death of self is nothing to fear

17 Great leaders’ subordinates know of their existence

b Those next in order are loved and praised by them
c Those next in order are feared by them
d Those next in order are despised by them
e If trust lacks basis here
f There will be no trust here
g So be careful - these are important words
h Complete the task, follow through in the work
i The hundred families all will declare
“(It was) our natural course!”

18 (Where) the great path is abandoned

b There appear benevolence & righteousness
c (When) the learned & clever emerge
d There appear great hypocrisies
e (When) the six bonds of kinship are out of balance
f There appear filial piety and parental affection
g (When) countries & clans are in darkness & turmoil
h There appear loyalty & public service

16
19 Cut out sanctimony, repudiate cleverness
b The people will profit a hundred times over
c Cut out benevolence, abandon righteousness
d The people return to filial piety & parental affection
e Cut out artfulness, abandon rewards
f (Then) robbers and thieves have nothing to gain
g These three may help to improve the culture
but (they) are not a foundation
h So let there be purpose to build on:
i Look to the ordinary & embrace original nature
j Diminish self-interest & have fewer desires

20 Cut out the academics & avoid the anxieties

b The (ready) yes, alongside the (obsequious) yea
c What is the distance or nearness between them?
d (Even) the good, next to the bad,
e What is the difference or likeness between them?
f (That) that which the others hold in awe
g Will not permit less than awe -
h What nonsense! There will never be an end to this, ever!
i Everyone (else) is resplendent & festive
j As if feasting on great sacrifices
k As if in springtime & climbing up towers
l I alone am unmoved here, one yet to give a sign
m Like a newborn infant, one yet to smile
n So worn & weary, as one with no home to come home to
o Everyone (else) takes more than enough
p While I alone seem forsaken
q With only my simpleton’s mind!
r So muddled & confused
s The common folk are bright & sunny
t I alone am in chaos & gloom
u The common folk are alert & sharp
v I alone am torpid & blunt
w So placid - in this like the sea
x So restless a wind - as if never to stop
y Everyone else has purpose
z While I alone am wayward, like a rustic
* I alone am other than the others
* Still enjoying mother’s meals
17
21 The bearing of true character
b Is simply to follow a true path
c If the way is regarded as an entity
d It is only elusive, only vague
e So vague & so elusive
f (Yet) at its center there is shape
g So elusive & so vague
h (Yet) at its center there are beings
i So arcane & so shadowy
j (Yet) at its center there is seed
k This seed is profoundly real
l At its center there is truth
m From the present back into antiquity
n Its meaning does not fade
o Through this is seen a common ancestry
p How do we know that the common ancestry’s shape is thus?
q By This

22 The yielding becomes whole

b The bent becomes straight
c The hollow becomes replenished
d The worn becomes renewed
e The diminished becomes endowed
f The plentiful becomes doubtful
g This is why wise ones embrace unity
h Adopting nature as model
i Without self-display
j And thus clear
k Without self-righteousness
l And thus distinguished
m Without self-assertion
n And thus having merit
o Without self-glorification
p And thus enduring
q It is only when there is no contending
r That none in the world can contend against them
s The ancient ones had reasons to claim
“The accommodating becomes whole”
t Is this (just) empty talk now?
u (When) wholeness is real then one has come home
18
23 Sparing are the speeches from nature
b So the whirling winds do not last the morning
c The storming rains do not last all day
d What is it producing these?
e Heaven and earth
f (If) even heaven and earth are unable to persist
g Then compare this (case) with humanity!
h And so to attend to affairs of the path:
i The path means an identity with the path
j Character means an identity with character
k Failure means an identity with failure
l For those who identify with the path
m The path, in turn, readily* accepts them
n For those who identify with character
o Character, in turn, readily accepts them
p For those who identify with failure
q Failure, in turn, readily accepts them
r If truth has no basis here
s There will be no truth here

24 Those who stand on tiptoe do not stand (firmly)

b Those who stretch strides do not make progress
c Those who display themselves are less than clear
d Those who are self-righteous are less than distinguished
e Those who assert themselves lack merit
f Those who glorify themselves do not endure
g To someone on the path here
h These suggest excessive indulgence and irrelevant action
i Things somehow wrong to have
j So those who have the way do not linger

19
25 There was something in chaos (yet) complete
b Before heaven & earth came to be
c So silent, so remote
d Standing alone without change
e Acting everywhere and without limit
f (It) may be regarded as mother to (all) under heaven
g We do not know its name
h A word for it speaks of a path
i (If) pressed to develop its name speak of greatness
j Greatness tells of journeying on
k Journeying on tells of the far beyond
l The far beyond tells of coming back
m In this way the way is great
n Heaven is great, earth is great
o And sovereignty, too, is great
p Between the horizons are four (kinds of) greatness
q And sovereignty has its place as one among these
r Humanity takes the earth as law
s The earth takes heaven as law
t Heaven takes the way as law
u The way takes its own nature as law

26 The heavy serves as root to the light

b Stillness serves as master to haste
c And so it is that a noble one journeys all day
d Without leaving the heavy supply wagon,
e Although there are splendid vistas,
f Calmly staying above it all
g So how could the lord of a myriad chariots
h Also conduct a frivolous life under heaven?
i To be frivolous, would then be to lose the root
j To be hasty would then be to lose the mastery

20
27 The able wanderer leaves no trail (or) trace
b The able speaker is without fallacy (or) error
c The able reckoner does not use counting devices
d The best closure uses no barrier (or) bar
e And yet is not easily opened
f The best binding uses no cord (or) knot
g And yet is not easily loosened
h And so it is that wise ones
i Are ever so skilled at making the most of others
j That no person is forsaken
k Are ever so skilled at making the most of situations
l That no situation is wasted
m This may be called “practical wisdom”
n And so the able one is the less than able one’s teacher
o The less than able one is the able one’s resource
p To not value one’s teacher, to not care for one’s resource,
q However “prudent” is greatly deluded
r This may be called a “tactical mystery”

21
28 Know the masculine
b (But) keep the feminine
c Serve as a stream to the world
d Serving as stream to the world
e Consistent character will not depart
f (But) return home again as the newborn child
g Know the bright
h (But) keep the dark
i Serve as a model to the world
j Serving as model to the world
k Consistent character will not falter
l (But) return home again as unlimited
m Know the honored
n (But) keep the humble
o Serve as a valley to the world
p Serving as valley to the world
q Consistent character will then be enough
r A return journey home to original nature
s Original nature, cut up, is then made into artifacts
t Wise ones, using such things,
u Are then made into senior officials
v And so the greatest governing does the least dividing

29 When taken by desire to take hold of nature

and reconstruct things
b We notice that this (will) never reach closure
c The world is a spirit vessel
d Not suited to reconstruction at all
e Those who interfere spoil things
f Those who grab lose things
g And so the beings sometimes go ahead, sometimes follow
h Sometimes snort, sometimes puff
i Sometimes are fit, sometimes are feeble
j Sometimes oppress, sometimes are overthrown
k This is why wise ones avoid the extremes
l Avoid the superfluous
m Avoid the extravagant

22
30 Those who use the way to help with human governance
b Do not use arms (or) force on the world
c Such efforts tend to recoil
d (In) a place where an army has camped
e Thorns and brambles grow now
f A great army’s aftermath is sure to bring bad harvests
g Those who are competent succeed and then stop
h Not daring (or) thinking to take by force
i Succeed but do not glorify
j Succeed but with no aggression
k Succeed but with no arrogance
l Succeed even not having gained the end
m Succeed but do not dominate
n A being grown mighty will then grow frail
o This may be called “off the path”
p Off the path is soon finished

23
31 Even the finest weapons are tools of ill omen
b Things somehow wrong to hold
c So those who have the way do not linger
d A noble one, when home, honors the left
e When working with weapons, honors the right
f Weapons are tools of ill omen
g They are not a noble one’s tools
h Failing to gain satisfaction and still using them
i Calm indifference is best adopted
j Even in triumph there is no beauty
k And those who are attracted to this
are in fact delighting in the slaughter of others
l Now those who delight in the slaughter of others
m Are then ill suited for use
in achieving any goal in the world at all
n Therefore, (in) auspicious affairs the left side is honored
o (In) adverse affairs the right side is honored
p An army’s lieutenant commander stays to the left
q The army’s commander in chief stays to the right
r A description of the funeral rites held at the end
s Where the slaughter of others amounts to a multitude
t Have compassion & lament & weep for them
u (When) the battle is won
consider the funeral rites being held here

24
32 The way is continuous, without description
b The original nature may be ordinary
c But none in the world is able to master it all
d If leaders & sovereigns were able to grasp this
e The myriad beings would then submit naturally
f (As) heaven and earth join together
g Thus to let fall the sweet dew
h Nobody has commanded this,
yet the harmony is natural
i Begin with rules & definitions appear
j And still more definitions are already assumed
k Now, more than ever, prepare to learn restraint
l Learning restraint is apt to be useful in avoiding trouble
m Imagine the place of the path in nature
n To be like the streams and valleys
reaching for rivers and ocean*

33 To know others means intelligence

b To know oneself means clarity
c To overcome others is to have strength
d To overcome oneself is to be powerful
e To know satisfaction means wealth
f (To be) energetic in movement means to have purpose
g To not forget one’s own place means enduring
h To die and yet not perish means longevity

34 How the great way (is a) flood!

b It is apt to go (both) left & right
c The myriad beings trust this for life,
yet there are no explanations
d Work is done (and) followed through without distinctions & claims
e The myriad beings are clothed & cared for
yet there is no assumption of leadership
f Ever dispassionate, (it) invites a reputation for commonness
g (But) the myriad beings return here,
and still there is no acting as master
h Inviting a reputation for greatness
i Because it never regards itself as great
j So it is able to establish its greatness

25
35 Grasp the big picture
b (All) under heaven make progress
c Make progress while doing no harm
d Security and peace abound
e (For) music along with fine food
f The passing stranger will linger
g (But) the way, as expressed in words
h How insipid! It has no flavor
i Look at it - there is nothing to satisfy the sight
j Listen for it - there is nothing to satisfy the hearing
k Use it – it will never be exhausted

36 When wanting to contract a thing

b First be sure to expand it
c When wanting to weaken a thing
d First be sure to empower it
e When wanting to abolish a thing
f First be sure to promote it
g When wanting to despoil a thing
h First be sure to endow it
i This may be called “subtle discernment”
j The adaptable & gentle overcome the firm & strong
k Fish are not adapted out of the depths
l The sharp instruments of the state
m Are not for the purpose of showing to others

37 The way always takes no action

b Yet nothing remains undone
c If leaders & sovereigns were able to grasp this
d The myriad beings would evolve by themselves
e Evolve and then want to flourish
f We can then temper this
with the original nature of namelessness
g (With) the original nature of namelessness
h Then these too would be without ambition
i Being free of ambition is the way to stillness
j Nature will then arrange itself

26
38 The highest virtue is not virtuous
b This is how to hold virtue
c The inferior virtue will not let go of virtue
d This is why virtue is lacking
e The highest virtue takes no action and has no motive to act
f The inferior virtue acts on things and then has motives to act
g The highest benevolence acts on things
but has no motive for action
h The highest righteousness acts on things
and also has motives for action
i The highest propriety acts on things
and when nobody responds to it
j Then rolls up the sleeves and throws things
k And so, lose the way and then comes virtue
l Lose virtue and then comes benevolence
m Lose benevolence and then comes righteousness
n Lose righteousness and then comes propriety
o Now propriety is (but) the sham of loyalty & trust
p And the beginning of confusion
q Being ahead in knowledge (is but) the flower of the way
r And the beginning of delusion
s This is why those who are most mature
t Keep to the substance
u (And) do not dwell on the sham
v Keep to the fruitful
w (And) do not dwell on the flower
x And so dismiss That to choose This

27
39 These things, from the beginning, have grasped wholeness:
b Heaven attained the whole, becoming resolved
c Earth attained the whole, becoming steady
d Spirit attained the whole, becoming subtle
e The valley attained the whole, becoming replenished
f The myriad beings attained the whole, coming to life
g Leaders & sovereigns attained the whole
as the way to attend to (all) under heaven
h These things found it
i Heaven, with no way to resolution,
would threaten to split apart
j Earth, with no way to steadiness,
would threaten to open up
k Spirit, with no way to subtlety
would probably perish
l The valleys, with no way to replenishment,
would likely dry up
m The myriad beings, with no way to life,
would likely be extinguished
n Leaders and sovereigns,
with no way to dignity & prominence
would likely be toppled
o In this way dignity regards the common as root
p Prominence regards the humble as basis
q This is why leaders & sovereigns refer to themselves
as orphaned & friendless, without worth
r Does this not regard the common as root?
s Not so?
t Just as obtaining tallies of chariots
will not be (real) chariots
u Do not long to dazzle & jingle like jade
v Clunk & clatter like rocks

40 Reversal is the movement of the way

b Yielding is the method of the way
c The myriad beings in nature arose out of being
d Being arose out of nothing

28
41 Superior students, hearing of the way,
b Are diligent and practice it
c Average students, hearing of the way,
d Sometimes attend & sometimes forget
e Inferior students, hearing of the way,
f Laugh greatly about it
g Without the laughter there would be no grounds
to regard this as the way
h And so the established proverbs hold that:
i Brightness, to the way, is as good as darkness
j Advance, to the way, is as good as retreat
k Evenness, to the way, is as good as roughness
l The summit of character is as good as a valley
m The greatest whiteness is as good as soiled
n Abundant character seems inadequate
o Established character seems furtive
p The evident truth seems spurious
q The greatest square has no corner
r The greatest capacity is last to be realized
s The greatest note is the rarest sound
t The greatest image has no form
u The way is hidden & nameless
v (But) because way is good at acceptance
(it is) also fulfilling

29
42 The way begets the one*
b The one begets the two
c The two beget the three
d The three beget the myriad beings
e The myriad beings carry the shadow and embrace the light
f Blending (these) vital breaths to make harmony
g People have their reasons to truly dislike being
h “Orphaned & friendless, without worth”
i Yet sovereign & duke take (these) as titles
j Since beings may sometimes lose something, and yet benefit
k May sometimes gain something, and yet be diminished
l What someone else has taught
m I too come to teach:
n Those who are forceful & hostile
do not meet their (natural) ends
o I will regard (this) as a premise of the teaching

43 Nature at its most yielding

b Quickly overcomes nature at its most firm
c Non-being enters (where) there is no gap
d This is how we know (that) inaction
comes to have such advantages
e The doctrine which has no words
f The benefits of taking no action -
g Few in the world attain these

44 Reputation compared to life, which is dearer?

b Life compared to property, which is (worth) more?
c Gain compared to loss, which is (more) distressing?
d It is a given that extreme affection
e Entails great cost
f Much stored up entails heavy loss
g To understand sufficiency is no disgrace
h To understand restraint avoids limits -
i (This is) the right way to live long

30
45 A great achievement (may) seem deficient
b But its function is not impaired
c A great fulfillment (may) seem empty
d But its function is never exhausted
e Great straightforwardness (might) seem compromised
f Great artfulness (might) seem clumsy
g Great eloquence (might) seem to stammer
h Restlessness overcomes cold
i Stillness overcomes heat
j Clarity & stillness act as measures to the world

46 When the world holds to the way

b Retired racehorses are useful for manure
c When the world loses the way
d War horses breed throughout the frontier
e There is no vice greater than submitting to greed
f No suffering greater than never knowing sufficiency
g No error greater than the hunger for gain
h So to know that sufficiency is in itself sufficient
i Is a truly durable sufficiency

47 Without going out the door

b Comprehend (all) under heaven
c Without peering out the window
d Observe the way of heaven
e The farther beyond one goes
f One’s comprehension is by that much diminished
g This is why wise ones (might) not move about, but still know
h (Might) not witness, but still describe
i (Might) not act, but still accomplish

48 The pursuit of learning (means) increasing daily

b The pursuit of the way (means) decreasing daily
c Decreasing things and then subtracting
d In order to arrive at not doing
e (When) nothing is done, then nothing remains undone
f To capture the world, always apply the least effort
g As soon as one has to make effort
h (One is) no longer adequate to the purpose
of capturing the world
31
49 Wise ones have no set mind
b Regarding the hundred families’ minds as “mind”
c To those who are good we have good to extend
d To those who are less than good we also have good to extend
e To merit goodness
f To those who are true we have truth to extend
g To those who are less than true we also have truth to extend
h To merit truth
i Wise ones are in the world
j Uniting, connecting, adopting the world
k Merging with their hearts
l The hundred families, as one, pay heed,
with their “hearkening” & “beholding”
m The wise ones, as one, come to laugh like children*

50 Emerging in life (or) entering death

b The companions of life will be three (in) ten*
c The companions of death will be three (in) ten
d And others whose lives & actions approach the domain of death
e Will also be three (in) ten
f Now why is this so?
g Because these live life for its substance
h Now hear of the one adept at sustaining life
i Traveling the countryside, not meeting buffalo or tiger
j Entering a battle, not carrying armor or weapons -
k The buffalo finds no place to thrust its horns
l The tiger finds no place to sink its claws
m The weapon finds no place to admit its blade
n Now why is this so?
o Because in this one there is no place for death

32
51 The way gives things life
b Character raises them
c Existence shapes them
d Conditions complete them
e So it is that the myriad beings, without exception,
f Ennoble the way and honor character
g The way will be ennobled
h Character will be honored
i But nobody has to command this
as it always proceeds out of nature
j In this way the way gives things life
k Character raises them
l Sustains them, brings them up
m Shelters them, heals* them
n Nurtures them, protects them
o Creates but does not possess
p Acts but does not expect
q Leads but does not rule
r These may be called “mystic powers”

52 The world had a beginning

b Regarded as mother to the world
c Having found this mother
d Through this comprehend her children
e Having comprehended her children
f Return & attend to the mother
g The death of self is nothing to fear
h Close the passages
i Secure the gates
j (And) the rest of life is no trouble
k Open the passages
l Conclude the affairs
m (And) the rest of life finds no salvation
n To perceive in detail tells of clarity
o To maintain flexibility tells of strength
p Make use of what is illuminated
q To return home again to the light
r Do not abandon yourself to misfortune
s This may be called “sustainable practice”

33
53 Let our resolve here be this: to be understanding
b To travel upon the great way
c (With) only distractions to fear
d The great way is so very ordinary
e And the people love the detours
f The courts are so very well kept
g The fields, so very weedy
h The granaries, so very empty
i The clothes, refined & elaborate
j Sharp swords worn at the waist
k A glut of drinking & feasting
l Wealth & goods kept in heaps
m This describes robbery & bombast
n Surely not the way* at all

54 What is well established is not uprooted

b What is well embraced is not taken away
c Children & grandchildren, accordingly,
make offerings & sacrifice without fail
d Cultivate this in the person
e Its character grows true
f Cultivate this in the family
g Its character grows ample
h Cultivate this in the community
i Its character grows enduring
j Cultivate this in the country
k Its character grows bountiful
l Cultivate this in the world
m Its character grows universal
n And so, use person to examine the person
o With family, examine the family
p With community, examine the community
q With country, examine the country
r With the world, examine the world
s So how are we to know that the world
is really like this?
t Through This

34
55 To embody virtue’s substance
b Compares to the naked infant
c Wasps & scorpions, vipers & serpents do not bite
d Wild beasts do not seize
e Birds of prey do not strike
f The bones are flexible, the muscles are soft,
but the grip is sure
g Not yet knowing the union of woman & man
h But the penis is aroused
i Essence is at its prime here!
j Howling all day, but not getting hoarse
k Harmony is at its prime here!
l To comprehend harmony speaks of the continuous
m To comprehend the continuous speaks of clarity
n The enrichment of life may be called a “happy omen*”
o The mind directing the breath may be called a “power*”
p (But) beings grown mighty will then grow frail
q This may be called “off the path”
r Off the path is soon finished

56 To know does not mean to speak

b To speak does not mean to know*
c Close the passages
d Secure the gates
e Blunt the sharpness
f Resolve the tangles
g Shade the glare
h Be one with the world
i This may be called “mystic union*”
j Such as may not be gained by affection
k May not be gained by detachment
l May not be gained by favor
m May not be gained by suffering
n May not be gained by esteem
o May not be gained by humility
p And so becomes precious to (all) under heaven

35
57 Use principle to govern a country
b Use tricks to wage a war
c Use the least effort to capture the world
d By what means do we know that things are really like this?
e By This*
f There are more taboos & restrictions in the world
g But the people grow more impoverished
h The people have more productive implements
i (But) countries & clans grow more disturbed
j (As) others get more clever & artful
k Bizarre things happen more often
l The more that matters of law are proclaimed
m The more robbers & looters there will be
n And so the wise ones will claim:
o We do nothing
p And humanity evolves on its own
q We favor stillness
r And humanity governs itself
s We do not make an effort
t And humanity enriches itself
u We have no ambition
v And humanity simplifies itself

58 (Where) their government is muted & dull

b Its people are honest & sincere
c (Where) their government is efficient & exacting
d Its people are partial & wanting
e Ah, suffering! That happiness has such things to rely on!
f Ah, happiness! That suffering has such places to lurk!
g Who comprehends their outcomes?
h Are there no rules?
i The rules go back to behaving strangely
j The good return to acting ominously
k Humankind has held its delusions
l For such an entrenched length of days
m This is why wise ones
n Are direct but not divisive
o Exacting but not hurtful
p To the point but not tactless
q Bright but not dazzling
36
59 (In) governing people (or) serving heaven
b There is nothing quite like economy
c Only one who is thrifty
d May be deemed ahead of the task*
e To be ahead of the task suggests there is
a great reserve of character
f Given a great reserve of character
then nothing is impossible
g When nothing is impossible
then nobody knows things to be limited
h Nobody knowing things to be limited
is fit to claim the realm
i (Now) claiming the realm’s mother
is fitness to endure a long time
j This describes deep roots & solid foundations
k The path of long life & enduring vision

60 Ruling a great country is like cooking a little fish

b This is how the way manages (all) under heaven
c (Whether) the ghosts lack spirit
d Or the ghosts do not lack spirit
e (Whether) the spirits avoid harming people
f Or the spirits do not avoid harming people*
g Wise ones still avoid harming people
h Now as neither of these haunts the other
i So virtue interacts & comes back home to them

37
61 The great realm is the one which flows beneath
b A confluence to (all) under heaven
c A woman to (all) under heaven
d The feminine, ever through stillness, overcomes the male
e Through stillness & playing submissive
f And so a great realm, by submitting to a small realm,
g Will then appropriate the small realm
h A small realm, by submitting to a great realm,
i Will then appropriate the great realm
j And so the one submits, intending to appropriate
k The other submits and gets taken in
l (Where) the great realm has no greater ambition
than uniting & caring for others
m (And) the small realm has no greater ambition
than joining & serving others
n Then both of these each gets what it wants
o (And) the great one should act to submit

62 The way is a sanctum to the myriad beings

b A good person’s treasure
c A less than good person’s place of refuge
d Elegant speeches may be useful at market
e Noble deeds may be useful for promoting someone
f (But if) another has less ability
g Why waste what they are?
h So (when) enthroning the heir to heaven
i (Or) installing the three high nobles
j Though there be big jade platters in tribute
k Drawn by teams of four horses
l This is not as good as sitting still (and) offering this path
m What purpose had the ancient ones in honoring this way?
n Was it not claimed:
o “To seek is to find
p To claim error is to be forgiven”?
q So (this) becomes precious to (all) under heaven

38
63 Act without acting
b Work without working
c Savor without tasting
d Greatness is ordinary, much is little
e Repay ill will with virtue
f Plan for the complicated while it is simple
g Develop the great while it is small
h The difficult tasks under heaven
i Always begin in simplicity
j The greatest tasks under heaven
k Always begin as minutiae
l This is why wise ones never assume greatness
m And so can achieve such greatness
n Those who lightly promise will surely be less trusted
o Much ease is surely much difficulty
p This is why wise ones look for things to get complicated
q And so in the end have no complications at all

39
64 What is secure is easy to hold
b What has yet to begin is easy to plan for
c What is thin is easy to break up
d What is minute is easy to scatter
e Attend to things before they come to be
f Arrange things before they entangle
g A tree which fills the joined embrace
h Has grown from a slender shoot
i A tower which reaches nine stories
j Begins as a basket of earth
k A journey of a thousand li*
l Begins from beneath the feet
m Those who interfere spoil things
n Those who grab lose things
o This is why wise ones do not interfere and so do not spoil
p Do not grab and so do not lose
q People in their pursuits & affairs
(are) ever on the verge of achieving and still ruin things
r Take care at the end as well as at the beginning
s And then there will be no ruined affairs
t This is why wise ones desire to have no desires
u Do not prize goods which are hard to obtain
v Learn to unlearn
w And return to what everyone else has passed by
x Thus helping the myriad beings to realize themselves
y While not presuming to interfere

40
65 Those ancients skilled at practicing the way
b Did not try to enlighten the people
c (But) would have tried to simplify them
d The difficulties of governing the people
e Are due to their great cleverness
f And so to use cleverness in governing a realm
g Is an injury to the realm
h To avoid using cleverness in governing a realm
i Is a favor to the realm
j Those who comprehend both of these
k Also examine for patterns
l Always to know to look for patterns
m May be called a mystic power
n A mystic power so deep & so far reaching
o (As) to help creation to turn itself around
p Natural succession then reaches perfect harmony

66 What is the reason why the rivers and ocean

can serve as sovereign to the hundred valleys?
b Because they are so well below them
c In this way (they) can act as sovereign
to the hundred valleys
d Applying this, in desiring to rise above the people,
e Always in expression be subordinate to them
f In desiring to go ahead of the people
g Always regard yourself as behind them
h This is how wise ones remain above
i And yet the people are not burdened
j Remain ahead
k And yet the people are not obstructed
l So it is that (all) under heaven readily come forward
and never weary
m Because such as these will never contend
n So none under heaven can contend against them

41
67 Everyone in the world admits our way is great
b (And) resembles no likeness
c It is insofar as it is great
d That it resembles no likeness
e Had it a likeness
f Surely after so long
g It might have diminished a little*
h Here I have three treasures
i Take and keep them safe:
j The first, call compassion
k The second, call economy
l The third, call never presuming to act as the world’s leader
m Compassion confers a capacity for courage
n Economy confers a capacity for breadth
o Never presuming to act as the world’s leader
confers a capacity to develop enduring talents
p To right away set aside compassion
in order to be more courageous
q To set aside economy in order to be more expansive
r To set aside following in order to be more advanced
s Is truly deadly
t Now compassion used in combat means triumph
u Used in defense means security
v Those whom heaven would redeem
w With compassion it protects them

68 The student skilled at action is not aggressive

b The one skilled at combat is not angry
c The one at besting opponents does not participate
d The one skilled at employing others behaves as their subordinate
e This may be styled the “virtue of not contending”
f It may be styled “applying another’s power”
g It may be styled “siding with heaven,”
h The consummation of antiquity

42
69 Military strategists have a saying:
b “I will not dare to act as host,
c But rather, act as guest,
d Will not presume to advance an inch,*
e But rather, retreat a foot*”
f This may be called “to move without movement,
g To roll up sleeves without baring arms,
h To depose without a fight
i To capture without force”
j There is no danger greater than underestimating a foe
k Underestimate a foe will risk losing what we value*
l And so when opposing forces equal each other
m The one sympathetic will truly succeed

70 My words are very easy to understand

b Very easy to practice
c (But) nobody in the world can understand
d Nobody can practice
e Expressions presume a lineage
f Endeavors presume a master
g Insofar as these are unknown
h So it is that we are not known
i Those who know me are few
j Accordingly I am valued
k This is why wise ones wear common cloth
l Concealing jade in the heart

71 To know without knowledge is best

b To not understand knowledge is affliction*
c Now (it is) because afflictions afflict
d That there is a way to avoid affliction
e Wise ones avoid disease
f Because they are made ill by illness
g This is the way to avoid the disease

43
72 (When) the people do not heed the imposing
b Then great impositions come to pass
c Do not crowd their dwelling places
d Do not overtax their means of living
e Only when there is no oppressing
f Will there then be no oppression
g This is how wise ones know themselves
h Without displaying themselves
i Love themselves
j Without venerating themselves
k And so dismiss That to choose This

73 Courage atop presumption suggests dying

b Courage in avoiding presumption suggests survival
c (Yet) either of these may be sometimes beneficial,
other times harmful
d That which heaven holds in contempt -
e Who knows as to the reasons?
f This is why wise ones watch for things to get complicated
g Heaven’s way does not compete, yet skillfully overcomes
h Does not speak, yet skillfully replies
i Does not summon, yet naturally attracts
j Is above all of this, yet skillfully arranges*
k Heaven’s net is vast & encompassing
l Loosely meshed, and yet nothing escapes

74 (If) the people never fear death

b Then why use death to intimidate them?
c Suppose it were so that the people always feared death
d And still they behaved perversely
e (When) we seized, detained and executed them
f Who would be bold?
g There will always be a master executioner to do the killing
h Now to take the place of the master executioner
& do the killing
i May be likened to taking the place of the master carpenter
in hewing
j Now (of) those who take the place of the master carpenter
in hewing
k Few indeed will not harm their own hands!
44
75 The hunger of the people
b Is from their superiors eating up so much of their tax grain
c This is behind the hunger
d The difficulties in governing the people
e Are due to their superiors having to take action
f This is behind the difficulties in government
g The people come to take death lightly
h Because they pursue life’s riches
i This is behind their taking death lightly
j Only when one does not think life a performance
k Will there be skill in valuing life

76 People, while they live, are adaptable & soft

b When they are dead, are hard & stiff
c The myriad beings, the plants and the trees,
while they live, are supple & delicate
d When they are dead, are weathered & tough
e And so the hard & inflexible are companions to death
f The adaptable & soft are companions to life
g This is why the unbending military will not,
in due course, be triumphant
h The rigid tree is then struck down
i The strong & great belong underneath
j The adaptable & soft belong above

45
77 Heaven has its path
b Compare it to the drawing of a bow
c What is high comes to be lowered
d What is lowly comes to be raised
e What has abundance will be diminished
f What is incomplete will be added to
g Heaven’s way decreases where there is surplus
h And adds to what is insufficient
i Humanity’s path is normally not like this,
j Decreasing what is not enough
in order to give to what is excessive
k Who can claim an abundance
in order to offer to nature?
l Only those who keep the way
m This is why wise ones develop but do not expect
n Accomplish works but do not linger
o They have no ambition to show merit

78 (In all) the world there is nothing

as adaptable & soft as water
b Yet of that which attacks the hard & inflexible
c Nothing can surpass it
d Because there is no way easier than this
e The gentle finally overcomes the firm
f The adaptable finally overcomes the persistent
g There is no one under heaven
who cannot comprehend (this)
h (But) no one can practice (it)
i So it is that wise ones maintain:
j To accept the country’s soil*
k May in truth be called mastering the altars of place & grain
l To accept the realm’s misfortunes
m Is in truth to be deemed sovereign to the world
n Straightforward words may seem turned around

46
79 (When) reconciling a great grievance
b There will surely be lingering resentments
c (And) how can this be regarded as good?
d This is why wise ones will post the greater* bond
e And will not press upon others
f To have character is to look after obligations
g To lack character is to look for entitlements
h Heaven’s way has no favorites
i But usually* sides with the right person

80 Shrink the domain, spread out the people

b Let there be tens & hundreds of people with specialties
c But unemployed
d Let the people feel the weight of death
e And not wander far
f Though there be boats & wagons
g No place to ride them
h Though there be armor & weapons
i No reason to show them
j Let the people return to knotting cords
k And counting on these
l (To) sweetening their own food
m Embroidering their own clothing
n Secure in their own homes
o Rejoicing in their own customs
p Neighboring realms overlook one another
q The sounds of each other’s roosters and dogs are heard
r (Yet) the people grow old & die
s Without goings & comings between them

47
81 True words are not embellished
b Embellished words are not truthful
c To be right is not to be argumentative
d To be argumentative is not to be right
e To be knowing is not to be sophisticated
f To be sophisticated is not to be knowing
g Wise ones do not accumulate
h Though intending to act on behalf of another
The more they themselves have gained
i Though intending to give to another
The more they themselves are increased
j Heaven’s way is to benefit, but without doing harm
k The wise ones’ way is to work, but without competition

48
 Footnotes:

01b I hate to begin the translation with this controversial a rendering but I
have three problems with most traditional versions: First, I do not believe that
ke3 (3381) should be translated as “can” or glossed as ke4 (3320) or neng2
(4648). These words have different meanings, very similar to the difference
between may and can. Second, most translators seem to treat chang2 (0221),
often translated as eternal, unchanging and ideal, as some sort of transcendent
Platonic ultimate, and anything dealing with reality, change and specific exis-
tence as inferior to this. I do not think Laozi was this sort of Platonist. Third,
the Dao, before it was anything else, was the metaphor of a path, and not of a
field. Now, it may be the path that the field travels through time, the weaving
and unweaving of its biodiversity, its seral [sic] succession and so forth, but
this does not include all of the things that the field never was or became, any
more than the path includes everything that is off of the path. The widest the
path gets, then, is at that part along which the universe comes into being. The
Dao may also be considered as “natural law,” at least prior to its formulation.
While it should not be regarded as a creator or first cause, it might be consid-
ered to be a vast “enabling.”
10q It is likely there was much speculation about mystical powers when the
Dao De Jing was written, just as there is today. Here Lao Zi seems to be
saying that the ordinary behavior of everyday reality is a good example of
mystical power.
14u This is the same in Chinese and English - clue or clew, a key thread of
a story, a line (continuity) of inquiry, or a fabric, with the original meaning of
line or thread.
15y This could also be translated “and avoid the latest accomplishments.”
As distractions. If so, would this be the first postmodernist statement?
23m A large number of translators err in translating this word (in this con-
text) as “gladly” or “happily,” anthropomorphizing the Dao and forgetting
Chapter Five already.
32n The tendency for a mystic would be to identify the Dao with the
Ocean, and not with the sum or weave of the limited paths leading there. But,
as ambiguous as Old Chinese grammar may be, it does not permit Lao Zi’s
analogy to be construed thus.
42a Once again the mystic will want to identify the Dao with the One,
which Lao Zi identifies here as only a product of the process that is Dao.
49m Many interpreters and translators have “the wise ones” here “treat-
ing” or “regarding the others as children.” This may be a valid translation
but it sounds more than a little Confucian and condescending.
50b The phrase shi you san, here rendered “will be three (in) ten,” is often
interpreted and translated thirteen (shi san), opening a Pandora’s box of
metaphysical speculation which is more in sympathy with the Yin Yang
School than Lao Zi’s thought.
49
51m As in the Yijing (Ch. 18), Chinese uses the same word for “poison”
and “detoxify” or “recover from poison.”
53n A play on the word dao, also a word for robber.
55n Both scholars and translators differ on how to spin this, to “happy
omen” or to “ominous.” But in the three other occurrences of this word in
Lao Zi it carries the first meaning.
55o This is again spun towards a positive meaning where either is possible.
But the use of yue (called) adds the element of doubt.
56b This is often translated “Those who know do not speak, those who
speak do not know.” This is a valid translation, and “those who” is often the
best way to render zhe3 (but not always, eg 40a). But this is not a true propo-
sition. Silence is not required of wisdom.
56i As at 10q, this may have been intended to address hyperbolic claims
and glamorous descriptions of mystical union, as though such union were not
already staring one in the face.
57e Used three times (21q, 54t, 57e) “by This” should not be followed by
a hyphen or colon. “This” refers to “this,” not to “that” or “the following”
and this is the point being made: look no farther than what is right here.
59d That is: ahead of the game, not ahead of oneself.
60f Perhaps this is a comment on a popular sophists’ argument.
64k A unit of distance: 1000 li = 580 km = 360 mi = a month’s journey.
67g This is a complex pun that doesn’t translate well into English, relating
likeness to smallness through the word xiao.
69d The Chinese equivalents of inch & foot are close enough to let these
words stand in. See the Matrix.
69k This is often said to refer to the three treasures from Ch. 67, but this is
not a necessary inference.
71b Knowing, as distinct from clever fussing with knowledge, is seen as a
kind of prerequisite to mental health. To turn one’s back on this is to incur
the suffering of ignorance. While wisdom might leave knowing behind it, the
way out is through.
73j While “plans” is a valid translation of this word, it would not be a true
proposition in a Daoist context. As would be written later, “the wild swans do
not intend to cast their reflection, the water does not intend to receive their
image.”
78j This is roughly the same word play in both languages, soil as filth and
as substratum of life, dirt as beneath contempt and as earth or the ground of
being.
79d Literally, the left hand or debtor’s side of a contract.
79i An important paradox that really isn’t so difficult. The person who is
right has sided with heaven’s way, and the measure of one’s rightness is
one’s survival.

50
 A Matrix Translation, With Chinese Text

Introduction and Search Tips

A Matrix Translation
Common Variations in the Text
Guodian Index

This version of Lao Zi’s Dao De Jing gives one line of information for each
word in the Chinese text. It reads from top to bottom, like the Chinese original.
This is a more advanced and difficult text and is intended for more careful (and
slower) study of the Chinese text’s broader meanings, deliberate ambiguities and
translation choices, and even then only a few paragraphs at a time.
The idea for a multi-dimensional translation grew out of a recommendation
made to a friend that he not try to grasp Lao Zi by reading one favorite translation
but to pick at least three versions and “add them together” to “broaden” the words.
The “one word, one line” idea came later, and seemed to allow adequate breadth to
cover the more important options. Several years after an earlier version of this
edition was first published, Jonathan Star developed a new translation in this
format as well.
The information in the matrix is organized into seven columns (refer to the
first page of the Matrix itself) with the alternative English words being the sixth.
Following is a guide to the various kinds of information given in each column.
1) Far left. Chapter numbers and clause identification tags. As mentioned
before these are largely for reference. They are the same in the simple translation.
2) This column gives the Pinyin transliteration of the Chinese character. A
few of these characters have alternative pronunciations, according to the intended
meaning, so two different spellings here may refer to the same character. The
Pinyin system only recently replaced the Wade-Giles system as the standard for
transcrip-tion. This is the reason that Peking came to be spelled Beijing, Lao Tzu
became Lao Zi and Tao Te Ching became Dao De Jing. For readers unfamiliar
with Pinyin, the systems are compared at the end of the Glossary. If this word is
underlined it means that there are other versions of the text which use different
characters. These may be seen in the section to follow, “Common Variations in the
Text.”
3) This four-digit number is the character’s entry number in Harvard’s
Mathew’s Chinese English Dictionary, 1993, which is organized alphabetically,
but in the Wade-Giles system. This was only one of twelve dictionaries used in this
project. Four of the words used in the Dao De Jing were left out of this dictionary
(see 11c, 39n, 55h & 55j). These were assigned numbers in the 8010’s. If you are
reading this in an electronic format, use this four digit number in conjunction with
the Find command to track the occurrences of a word throughout the text, or as a
concordance. If this number is underlined this is the first occurrence of a word
which also appears in the main Glossary.
51
 4) This column contains one of two kinds of numbers. If this is the first
appearance of the character in the text, the number will contain a plus + sign. The
number found before the plus sign gives the conventional number of this
character’s “radical” or root component. The number after the sign gives the
number of additional strokes added to the radical (plus or minus a stroke since
some people count differently). This is the way many Chinese dictionaries are
accessed. This will not work in a “modern” dictionary with simplified characters,
and where many of the classical characters were edited out of the language itself. If
the character has already appeared in the text the number in this column gives the
location of the character’s first entry or appearance.
5) This column gives the location of the character’s next appearance. This is
meant to take the place of a concordance, so that the use of a word can be traced
throughout the book. The letter “F” in this column means that this is the Final
occurrence of the word. The letters “HL” indicate that the word is an Hapax
Legomenon (in the broader sense), a word used only once in this version of the
Dao De Jing.
6) This column offers a varying number of alternative English translations of
the Chinese word as the word is shaped by this specific context. This is not simply
an insertion of dictionary definitions. Commas and slashes here usually separate
interchangeable alternatives, while semicolons tend to separate syntactic or gram-
matical options. Words in parentheses are either alternative modifiers, or optional
in an English rendering, or strictly inferred English grammar, or indicators of a
specific facet of an English word. Up and Down arrows (^ v) indicate that the
word order may be reversed in the English translation. An Up arrow before a word
indicates that a word from below in the Matrix may be placed before this word in
the trans-lation. Asterisks (*) as in Part A refer to Footnotes at the end of Part A.
7) At the far right, in cases where a phrase or statement is repeated
elsewhere in the Dao De Jing, a number will give the location of the phrase’s next
occurrence, with ditto marks below to indicate the extent of the phrase. At the last
occurrence the number is the location of the first occurrence. In addition to phrases
and sayings traced in this column there are a number of phrases, idioms and other
word combi-nations which are used throughout the book. The more important of
these are listed and traced in the Glossary at “Phrases and Idioms.”
As mentioned earlier, there are many variations between the various older
and accepted versions of the text, and choices must be made. The bulk of this
version follows the text associated with Wang Bi’s commentary (226-249 CE). But
there are several other major texts. That of Heshang Gong, another version with
appended commentary, is of uncertain date, but speculation seems to center around
Wang Bi’s time (plus or minus centuries). A version known as the Fu Yi text was
discovered in a grave in 574 CE and dates from around the beginning of the Han
Dynasty (206 BCE). Fu Yi (556-639 CE) published the text along with his own
commentary. Two more (not identical) manuscripts were entombed in 168 BCE. at
Mawangdui and remained undiscovered until 1973. They were unearthed in 1976.
These two (known simply as texts a & b) were written in an older script (gu wen),
probably in the very early Han, and contain the largest number of textual variants,
52
in addition to both of them reversing the book’s two parts and a few of the chapter
sequences. Although much survived, significant portions of these texts, written on
silk, were deteriorated and illegible. The latest market fashion has been to assume
that the Mawangdui manuscripts are more reliable simply due to their age, but
evidence exists to suggest that modifications were made for political ends and
some of this enthusiasm is already beginning to pass. Still the texts are quite
valuable, especially where they corroborate another version of the text or settle
long-standing debates about whether a particular passage was added centuries later.
While I have generally followed Wang Bi’s version I have made adjustments
where there exists substantial agreement at variance with Wang Bi, most often
where the Mawangdui texts concur with the Heshang Gong or Fu Yi versions.
Most of these adjustments are identified at the end of the Matrix in the section
called “Common Variations in the Text.” Their existence is indicated in the Matrix
by underlining in Column Two, the Pinyin transcription of the words in question.
This section does not address all of the variations in the several redactions of the
Lao Zi text, but only the major ones exploited in this translation.
Yet another text, currently known as the Guodian version, was discovered in
1993 and released in 1998. It was written on bamboo strips in the older style of
writing and is said to date from before 300 BCE, making this much older than any
other known versions. The content, relative to all other received versions of the
text, is both divergent in characters and severely truncated. Claims have been made
that this find supports the theory that the Dao De Jing is an accretional text,
compiled over many decades, if not centuries. I have no particular problem with
this notion, but I do not consider it proven by this - it is equally possible that the
Guodian text is itself merely a set of fragments, pieces of a cherished, personal text
buried with its owner. And regardless of the certainty of ths version‘s great
antiquity, I personally am too suspicious of its lineage or breeding to use it with
any confidence in settling the kind of questions for which I found the MWD texts
useful.
The parsing (breaking up of text into grammatically meaningful segments)
sometimes reflects my own understanding of the work. Parsing in general is the
most subjective element in the presentation of the classical Chinese texts and, with
the exception of the use of certain grammatical particles and notations, is not
present in the original. In places an adjustment has been made to the most accepted
versions of line and even paragraph parsing. These changes are indicated by
underlining in Column One and are discussed in the Common Variations section.
The Hanzi characters are transcribed here into Pinyin spelling. Some
characters have alternative spellings, some according to intended meaning and
some regardless of this. Alternative spellings are called out in the Glossary, either
in the main section for frequently used words, or at the end for the words used less
than six times. Much more frequent than these spelling variations are accepted
variations in the assignment of the four tones to the Pinyin spelling. Again, I have
given many of the alternative inflections in the Glossary.

53
Column #
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
01 a dao4 ɰ6136 162+9 01a (a, the) way, path, road, course, track; truth (s)
ke3 S3381 30+2 01c fit/suited to/for; inviting; (that/which) could be
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 01b travel, fare (d, ing); taken; spoken, discoursed
01 b fei1 į1819 175+0 01d is not/by no means; would not be; but not
chang2 DŽ0221 50+8 01d (a, the) constant, permanent, absolute, general
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 04a way, path, road, course, track; principle, truth
01 c ming2 ‡4524 30+3 01c (a, the) distinction, name, term, title (s)
ke3 S3381 01a 03e fit/suited to/for; inviting; (that/which) could be
ming2 ‡4524 01c 01d apply, call, define, name, note, utter (ed, ing)
01 d fei1 į1819 01b 07i is not/by no means; would not be; but not
chang2 DŽ0221 01b 01g (a, the) constant, permanent, absolute, generic
ming2 ‡4524 01c 01e distinction, name, term, title
01 e wu2 ȡ7180 86+8 01g un-; ^-less; nothing(ness); without; in-
ming2 ‡4524 01c 01f name, define (d, s, v); definition; definite
tian1 16361 37+1 02a (is) heaven, (the) sky; ^ creation, everything
di4 ‰6198 32+3 05a & earth, (the) land; } (the) universe
zhi1 !0935 4+3 01f ...s’, ...s’; ^ of, for, to vv
shi3 ú5772 38+5 14t beginning, birth, conception, origin, source
01 f you3 ›7533 74+2 01i having, with; Being, Existence, Presence; the
ming2 ‡4524 01c 01 l name, define (d, s); definite(ion); distinction
wan4 ɛ7030 140+9 02m (is) (a, the) myriad, ten thousand; all
wu4 Ĝ7209 93+4 02m beings, creatures, entities, things; of creation
zhi1 !0935 01e 01m ...s’, ...s’; ^ of, for, to vv
mu3 h4582 80+1 20* mother, matrix; source, common denominator
01 g gu4 Ő3455 66+5 02e (and) so, then; therefore, thus, hence; given this
chang2 DŽ0221 01b 01i always, ever; continue, maintain, sustain 34f
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 02e be, have/with no/-out (v) dis-/im-; lack; ^ -less “
yu4 ǚ7671 76+7 01i desire, partial(ity), passion(ate), intent(ion) (v) “
01 h yi3 J2932 9+3 01j thereby, thus; in order; as (a, the) way/means
guan1 ̠3575 147+18 01j (to) contemplate, observe, perceive, see, view
qi2 ì0525 12+6 01j the, these; such; its; things; what/that which is
miao4 ½4474 38+4 01o mystery(ious), subtle(ty), wonder(ful) (s)
01 i chang2 DŽ0221 01b 03 l always, ever; continue, maintain, sustain
you3 ›7533 01f 02e be, hold, have (ing) (v); with; ^ -ous, -ing
yu4 ǚ7671 01g 03e desire(ous); passion(ate); intent(ion), motive (v)

55
01 j yi3 J2932 01h 02k thereby, thus; in order; as (a, the) way/means
guan1 ̠3575 01h 16d (to) contemplate, observe, perceive, see, view
qi2 ì0525 01h 03h the, these; such; its; things; what/that which is
jiao4 ̲0686 60+13 HL boundary, objective, form, end (s); sought
01 k ci3 6972 77+2 12j these; ^ of these
liang3 ë3953 11+6 60h two; both, either v
zhe3 ĥ0263 125+5 03m are; imply, indicate, mean, signify, suggest (s)
tong2 …6615 30+3 01m the same; identical, one; ^ together, as one
chu1 O1409 17+3 05h (in, when) emerge, arise, come (ing) out (v)
01 l er2 £1756 126+0 02m (and) yet; but, yet; although, merely, only; while
yi4 ǧ3009 102+6 20* different, separate; differ, diverge, vary (ing)
ming2 ‡4524 01c 14b (in) definition, distinction, name, significance
01m tong2 …6615 01k 04h (the) identity, oneness, sameness, unity
wei4 ˓7079 149+9 06b calls; means, signals, suggests; speaks, tells
zhi1 !0935 01e 01n them, this; (about, of, to) the, their
xuan2 k2881 95+0 01n depth, mystery, profundity, subtlety (ies)
01 n xuan2 k2881 01m 01n (a, the) depth, mystery, profundity, subtlety (ies)
zhi1 !0935 01e 01o coming, leading to; having, holding; about, of
you4 7539 29+0 48c (even, still, yet) more, further, greater
xuan2 k2881 01m 06b depth, mystery, profundity, subtlety (ies)
01 o zhong4 Ǫ1517 143+6 08d (is ^^) all, every; (a, the) multitude, myriad
miao4 ½4474 01h 15b (of)(the) mystery(ies), subtlety(ies), wonder(s)
zhi1 !0935 01e 02a ...’s ...s’; ^ of, (leading) (in)to v
men2 Ĭ4418 169+0 06c (a, the) door, gate (way); portal, threshold
02 a tian1 16361 01e 05a (if, as, when, where) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ (the)
xia4 2520 1+2 02h ^ below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
jie1 ţ0620 106+4 02c all, everybody, everyone (in) vv
zhi1 Ģ0932 111+3 02c acknowledge, deem, know, recognize (s)
mei3 ũ4406 123+3 02a (a, the) beauty(iful), elegance(ant); attractive
zhi1 !0935 01e 02c by, for; in, of, to, with; in/of thing(s); to be/have
wei2 ş7059 87+8 02c as, to be; the sake/on behalf of; create, do (ing)
mei3 ũ4406 02a 31j (the) beauty(iful), elegance(ant); attractive
02 b si1 ȗ5574 69+8 02d then, soon, so, already, immediately; there is
e4 ȏ4809 61+8 08d ugliness; (the) bad, offensive, ugly, vile (ness)
yi3 2930 49+0 02d (is) complete; (there) already, too (exists, there)

56
02 c jie1 ţ0620 02a 17i (if, as, when, where) all, everyone, everybody
zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 03 l acknowledge, deem, know, recognize (s)
shan4 ȭ5657 30+9 02c (the) good(ness), excellent(ence); virtue(ous)
zhi1 !0935 01e 02k by, for; in, of, to, with; in/of thing(s); to be/have
wei2 ş7059 02a 02k as, to be; the sake/on behalf of; create, do (ing)
shan4 ȭ5657 02c 02d (the) good(ness), excellent(ence); virtue(ous)
02 d si1 ȗ5574 02b F then, soon, so, already, immediately; there is
bu4 5379 1+3 02 l (the) not-, in-, un-; lack, want of; what is not
shan4 ȭ5657 02c 08a good(ness), excellent(ence); virtue(ous)
yi3 2930 02b 09b (is) complete; (there) already, too (exists, there)
02 e gu4 Ő3455 01g 07d (and) so; therefore, thus; as such, in this way
you3 ›7533 01f 02n (too) (do) being, existence; something
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 02k & nonbeing, nonexistence; no(-)thing(ness)
xiang1 ť2562 109+4 02f ^ each other; one another
sheng1 n5738 100+0 02n enliven, produce, quicken, beget; arise from v
02 f nan2 ̅4625 172+11 03c difficult, hard, heavy; difficulty, struggle
yi4 Ď2952 72+4 63f & easy, light, simple; & ease, simplicity
xiang1 ť2562 02e 02g ^ each other; one another
cheng2 ˜0379 62+2 02p complete, complement, fulfill, realize v
02 g chang2 ī0213 168+0 07a long, lasting, sustained, enduring; length
duan3 ȧ6542 111+7 HL & short, brief, limited; & shortness, brevity
xiang1 ť2562 02e 02h ^ each other; one another
jiao4 ɮ0713 159+6 HL contrast, test, confront, evidence (v)
02 h gao1 Ʊ3290 189+0 39n high, noble, exalted, lofty; nobility
xia4 2520 02a 13d & low(ly), base, subordinate; & humility
xiang1 ť2562 02e 02i ^ each other; one another
qing1 Ʉ1161 9+11 HL incline to(wards); turn, lean, rely (up)on v
02 i yin1 Ŷ7418 180+0 12b tone, note, sound, pitch
sheng1 ˟5748 128+11 41s & voice, song, accent, tongue, music, message
xiang1 ť2562 02e 02j ^ each other; one another
he2 ò2115 30+5 04g agree, concur, harmonize, resonate (with) v
02 j qian2 Ķ0919 18+7 38q before, first, early, prior, front, past; beginning
hou4 Ņ2143 60+6 07e & after, last, later, back, future; & ending
xiang1 ť2562 02e 20c ^ each other; one another
sui2 ˖5523 170+13 14q follow, succeed, accompany, chase, pursue v

57
02 k shi4 Ŗ5794 72+5 02r this is; (&) so it is; there-; ^
yi3 J2932 01h 02r how, why; that; -for(e); } therefore, hence
sheng4 ɠ5753 128+7 03g (a, the) perceptive, sagely, wise; ^ (a, the)
ren2 3097 9+0 03g individual, one, person (s); people; } sage(s)
chu3 dz1407 141+5 08d manage, keep; adopt, practice; abide (s) in
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 03 l non-, in-; (in) not; without, with no; no (longer)
wei2 ş7059 02a 02o action(ing), doing; interference(ing), meddling
zhi1 !0935 01e 02 l ...’s; ^ of, by, with vv; about/in/with the/their
shi4 ä5787 6+7 08k (the) affair, effort, task; function, work (s, ing)
02 l xing2 ª2754 144+0 12g act, advance, do, practice, carry (ing) on/out
bu4 5379 02d 02m no, not; (with)out, with no; (the) un-; ^-less 43e
yan2 Ú7334 149+0 05i speak, talk (ing); -spoken; word (s) “
zhi1 !0935 01e 03c ...’s; ^ of, by, with vv; about/in/with the/their “
jiao4 ǔ0719 66+7 42 l teaching, doctrine, instruction, lessons (s) “
02m wan4 ɛ7030 01f 04d (a, the) myriad, ten thousand; all
wu4 Ĝ7209 01f 04d beings, creatures, entities, things; of creation
zuo4 ¯6780 9+5 16c appear, (a)rise (up), become, emerge, manifest
yan1 Ǥ7330 86+7 17e here, herein, now, by/in/from this
er2 £1756 01 l 02n and (yet); but, yet (still); although, while 34c
bu4 5379 02d 02n none; without (being); with/there is/are no “
ci2 ̃6984 160+12 34c (is, are) explained, instructed (tion)(s); denied “
02 n sheng1 n5738 02e 07c grow; (are) grown, produced, quickened 10n
er2 £1756 01 l 02o and (yet); but, yet (still); although, while “
bu4 5379 02d 02o none, nothing; without being; not; with no “
you3 ›7533 01f 10n (is, are) owned; claim(ed), possessed(ion)(s) “
02 o wei2 ş7059 02a 03d (are) created, developed, made; adopted 10o
er2 £1756 01 l 02p and (yet); but, yet (still); although, while “
bu4 5379 02d 02r none, nothing; without (being); with no; not “
shi4 ŋ5779 61+6 10o (is, are) presumed/relied upon; expectation(s) “
02 p gong1 Q3698 19+3 09i (the) task, work (s); excellence, merit 77n
cheng2 ˜0379 02f 07j (is, are) completed, accomplished; achieved “
er2 £1756 01 l 04a and (yet); but, yet (still); although, while “
fu2 a1981 57+2 02q there is/will be no; without, with no
ju1 ă1535 44+5 02q dwelling, lingering, resting; laying (of) claims
02 q fu1 21908 37+1 03m now, then ^ as; ^ when; ^
wei2 Ʒ7064 30+8 08m inasmuch, insofar v; only v; } because
fu2 a1981 02p F there is/will be no
ju1 ă1535 02p 08f dwelling, lingering, resting; laying (of) claims

58
02 r shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 03g this is; so it is; this; ^
yi3 J2932 01h 03g how, why; that; means; } therefore
bu4 5379 02d 03a there is/will be no; to avoid; nothing
qu4 R1594 28+3 12j depart(ure), go away, leave (s, ing); absence
03 a bu4 5379 02d 03b (do, to) not; avoid, refrain (ing) from; ceasing
shang4 ā5670 42+5 23f (to) exalt, extol, glorify, praise, favor (ing)
xian2 ʶ2671 154+8 75k virtue, worth; (the) skill, talent (ed); worthies
03 b shi3 ç5770 9+6 03d so that; allow, encourage, keep, let (s, ing)
min2 i4508 83+1 03d (a, the) multitude, masses, others, people
bu4 5379 02d 03c (to) not; avoid, escape; do/will not; (away) from
zheng1 ě0365 87+4 08c (to) compete, contend (ing, tion); rivalry, strife
03 c bu4 5379 02d 03d (do, to) not; avoid, refrain (ing) from; ceasing
gui4 ȶ3636 154+5 09g (to) esteem, favor, prize, treasure, value (ing)
nan2 ̅4625 02f 12f complicated, difficult, hard, troublesome 12f
de2 Lj6161 60+8 12f to get, obtain, come by, find, acquire “
zhi1 !0935 01e 03g ^ that/which are vv “
huo4 Ǹ2398 154+4 12f goods, items, commodities, products, things “
03 d shi3 ç5770 03b 03f so that; allow, encourage, keep, let (s, ing)
min2 i4508 03b 03f (a, the) multitude, masses, others, people
bu4 5379 02d 03e (to) not; avoid, escape; do/will not; (away) from
wei2 ş7059 02a 03m (to) act/behave as/like; become, play (ing)
dao4 Ȧ6138 108+6 19f robbers, bandits, thieves [openly, no stealth]
03 e bu4 5379 02d 03f (do, to) not; avoid, refrain (ing) from; ceasing
jian4 Ø0860 147+0 14a (to) attend; display, exhibit, flaunt, show (ing)
ke3 S3381 01a 09d (the) ^-able; (what) incites, calls for/out/up
yu4 ǚ7671 01g 03 l covet, desire (ing); appetite, craving, longing
03 f shi3 ç5770 03b 03 l so that; allow, encourage, keep, let (s, ing)
min2 i4508 03b 03 l (the) multitude, masses, others, people (’s, s’)
xin1 82735 61+0 03h heart, mind; emotion, feeling, idea, thought (s)
bu4 5379 02d 03m (to) not; avoid, escape; will not; (away) from
luan4 Ƀ4220 5+12 18g (be) confused, distracted (ion); perplexed(ity)
03 g shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 06b this is; (&) so it is; ^ this ^; ^
yi3 J2932 01h 05b how; that; in v way; } therefore, thus
sheng4 ɠ5753 02k 05c (a, the) perceptive, sagely, wise; ^ (a, the)
ren2 3097 02k 05c individual, one, person (s); people; } sage(s)
zhi1 !0935 01e 04a ...’s; ...s’; approach, come to, hold, regard
zhi4 ę1021 85+5 03o govern, manage (ment); lead, rule (ership, -ing)

59
03 h xu1 ȯ2821 141+6 05g (by) empty, open, humble, clear (ing) (up, out)
qi2 ì0525 01h 03i the, those; others’; their
xin1 82735 03f 08g heart, mind (s)
03 i shi2 ɿ5821 40+11 38v (&) fill, feed, satisfy, stuff (ing)
qi2 ì0525 01h 03j the, those; others’; their
fu4 ɢ1994 130+9 12i belly, stomach, gut, core; inner, inside (s)
03 j ruo4 Ɖ3128 57+7 36c (by) weaken, soften, relax, mellow, calm (ing)
qi2 ì0525 01h 03k the, those; others’; their
zhi4 Ä0971 61+3 31m ambition, will, expectation, aspiration (s)
03 k qiang2 LJ0668 57+9 15e (&) brace, fortify, strengthen, toughen (ing)
qi2 ì0525 01h 04e the, those; others’; their
gu3 ư3486 188+0 55f bones; frame(s)
03 l chang2 DŽ0221 01b 16i always, ever; consistently, normally, usually
shi3 ç5770 03b 03m so that; allow, encourage, keep, let (s, ing)
min2 i4508 03b 10g (a, the) multitude, masses, others, people
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 03 l (to/will) be without/free of; have less; avoid
zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 04k discretion, erudition, knowledge, sophistication
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 03n (&) to be without/free of; have fewer; avoid
yu4 ǚ7671 01g 15w appetite, craving, desire, longing, passion (s)
03m shi3 ç5770 03b 53a so that; allow, encourage, keep, let (s, ing)
fu1 21908 02q 08m that (even); even (the); (the) one(s), those
zhi4 ș0933 72+8 18c (^) clever, crafty, cunning, smart, sophisticated
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 07b (one(s)/those) who is/are v; ones, people
bu4 5379 02d 03o do(es)/will not; to not; avoid; away from
gan3 ȕ3229 66+8 30h dare, presume, venture, make (ing) bold
wei2 ş7059 02a 03n to (take) act(ion), contrive, interfere, meddle
ye3 7312 5+2 20q at all, period
03 n wei2 ş7059 02a 03n (if, when, where) act(ion), do, perform (ing)
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 03o does not; (is) not/without; avoids; is in-, non-
wei2 ş7059 02a 05b (take) act(ion), perform, interfere, meddle (ing)
03 o ze2 ķ6746 18+7 22a then, there; entails, leads to, means, results in
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 07i (there is) nothing; less, little
bu4 5379 02d 04b lacks, wants; (is) without; out of; dis-, mis-, un-
zhi4 ę1021 03g 08j govern, manage (d, ment); order, regulate(ion) (d)
04 a dao4 ɰ6136 01a 08e (the) way, path, course; process, truth; nature
chong1 Î1523 85+4 42f (is) empty, emptied out; an emptiness
er2 £1756 01 l 05g and; (and) still, yet; but; while; although, however
yong4 o7567 101+0 06f (in/to) (^) practice, use; operate(ation) (s, ing)
zhi1 !0935 01e 04d it, this; by/for/in/with its v; has its v

60
04 b huo4 ć2402 62+4 04j somehow; seeming (to be, -ly); it seems
bu4 5379 02d 04k (there is) never, not (with); nothing (is, in)
ying2 Ť7474 108+4 09a (more than, too) enough, much, full; in excess
04 c yuan1 ǡ7723 85+8 08g deep, profound, engulfing, bottomless, vast
xi1 *2414 12+2 04i (how, so) v !; (such, what) v -ness !; -; indeed
04 d si4 ®5593 9+5 04j (seeming) like/to be; as if/though; perhaps
wan4 ɛ7030 01f 05b (the) myriad, ten thousand; all
wu4 Ĝ7209 01f 05b beings, creatures, entities, things; of creation
zhi1 !0935 01e 04k ...’s, ...s’; ^ of, for, to vv
zong1 ý6896 40+5 70e ancestor(tral), progenitor; origin, precedent
04 e cuo4 Ǝ6795 64+7 29j (be) blunt, dull; check, repress (ed, ing) 56e
qi2 ì0525 01h 04f (in/with) its, such, the, that, things; what is “
rui4 ʻ3174 167+7 56e sharp, keen, acute(ity), pointed (ness) “
04 f jie3 ɧ0626 148+6 27g (be) resolve, untie, loosen, free (ed, ing) 56f
qi2 ì0525 01h 04g (in/of/with) its, such, the, that, things; what is “
fen1 ƞ1859 120+4 56f (en)tangle(ment), snarl, knot (s, ed) “
04 g he2 ò2115 02i 18e (be) ease, mediate, shade, soften (ed, ing) 56g
qi2 ì0525 01h 04h (in/with) its, such, the, that, things; what is “
guang1 |3583 10+4 52p brightness, light, glare, glory, splendor “
04 h tong2 …6615 01k 23i (be) identify, unite (d, ing); (as) one with 56h
qi2 ì0525 01h 05f (in/of/with) its, such, the, this; things; what is “
chen2 ɹ0328 32+11 56h dust, dirt (y); world(ly); mundane, common “
04 i zhan4 Ȝ0146 85+9 HL deep, clear; profound; deep & clear
xi1 *2414 04c 15f (how, so) v !; (such, what) v -ity !; -; indeed
04 j si4 ®5593 04d 20z (seeming) but/like/to be; as if/though
huo4 ć2402 04b 24i (&) maybe, perhaps; seeming; tentative (ly)
cun2 ’6891 39+3 06e (to) exist, live, go on, persist (ing); alive
04 k wu2 µ7188 30+4 13i I, we
bu4 5379 02d 05a do not ^ not
zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 10 l comprehend, know, understand; know v
shui2 ʴ5923 149+8 HL who-; whom; ^ anyone, anything
zhi1 ˄0935 01e 04 l [who]se; ...’s; (if it/this is) ^ of, to v; ^ it/this is
zi3 6939 39+0 26c child, decscendant, heir, offspring (v)
04 l xiang4 ȳ2568 152+5 14n (but) imagine, picture, conceive (of); appears
di4 Ń6204 50+6 HL divinity; the divine, supreme sovereign; gods
zhi1 !0935 01e 05e ...’s; ^ of, to v; it/this (v...’s) as/to be (v...’s)
xian1 ~2702 10+4 07f ancestor, predecessor, source; prior; precede

61
05 a tian1 16361 01e 05e heaven, (the) sky; ^ creation, everything
di4 ‰6198 01e 05e & earth, (the) land; } (the) universe
bu4 5379 02d 05c is/are not; is/are without; has/have no; lack(s)
ren2 $3099 9+2 05c compassion(ate), humane(ity), kind(ness)
05 b yi3 J2932 01h 05d (but) approach, deal with, use, take, treat (ing)
wan4 ɛ7030 01f 08b (the) myriad, ten thousand; all
wu4 Ĝ7209 01f 08b beings, creatures, entities, things
wei2 ş7059 02a 05d as (if/though they were); like
chu2 Ƣ1405 140+4 05d straw, grass; ^ of straw; ^ [ad hoc entities
gou3 ğ3413 94+5 05d dogs; dogs v; } to be sacrificed]
05 c sheng4 ɠ5753 02k 07e (a, the) perceptive, sagely, wise; ^ (a, the)
ren2 3097 02k 07e individual, one, person (s); people; } sage(s)
bu4 5379 02d 05g is/are not; is/are without; has/have no; lack(s)
ren2 $3099 05a 08h compassion(ate), humane(ity), kind(ness)
05 d yi3 J2932 01h 07b (but) approach, deal with, regard take, treat (ing)
bai3 ¡4976 106+1 17i (the) hundred, common; all of the; ^
xing4 û2770 38+5 17i families, clans; people; } society
wei2 ş7059 02a 10h as (if/though they were); like
chu2 Ƣ1405 05b F straw, grass; ^ of straw
gou3 ğ3413 05b F dogs; dogs v
05 e tian1 16361 01e 06d heaven, (the) sky, celestial
di4 ‰6198 01e 06d & earth, (the) land, terrestrial
zhi1 !0935 01e 06c ^ of vv; ^ that/which is ^
jian1 ȼ0835 169+4 43c middle; (the) room, part, space v between
05 f qi2 ì0525 01h 07c (how, does) it, this (so) (not)
you2 ȣ7528 94+9 15h resemble, is/seem like/to be; compare(s) to
tuo2 ̳6465 75+12 HL ^; (a, the) bellows
yue4 ̜7499 118+17 HL } (a, the) bellows; (&, or) pipe, flute (s)
hu1 I2154 4+4 10b (how, so)...!; is, does v not vvv ?
05 g xu1 ȯ2821 03h 16a empty, hollow, vacant, void
er2 £1756 01 l 05h (and) still, yet; but (still); although, only, while
bu4 5379 02d 05j not, never, rarely, seldom; without (being)
qu1 Ă1621 44+5 45e exhausted, spent; succumb, collapse (ing)
05 h dong4 ƶ6611 19+9 08 l (^) moved, operated, worked, put/set in motion
er2 £1756 01 l 07f (if, when, where) (v) then; and (then)
yu4 ɐ7632 61+9 81h (even, ever, still) more
chu1 O1409 01k 18c emerges, comes out/forth, is produced

62
05 i duo1 ‹6416 36+3 22f (too) many, (so) much; more; lots/plenty of
yan2 Ú7334 02 l 08i ideas, words; talk(ing), language; to say
shu3 ʨ5865 66+11 27c sum(s)/add(s) up to; reckons to; & numbers
qiong2 ʰ1247 116+10 45d (is) exhaustion, emptiness, futility; (a) waste
05 j bu4 5379 02d 06a (&) (this) (is) not, never; does not; nothing
ru2 3137 38+3 09b (is) as good as, equal to; compare(s) with/to
shou3 “5844 40+3 09f guard, hold, keep, maintain, observe (ing)
zhong1 1504 2+3 21f (a, the) balance, center, core, focus, mean
06 a gu3 Û3483 150+0 15q (a, the) valley; ^ valley, hollow, ravine; deep
shen2 ƚ5716 113+5 29c (’s) deity, essence, genii, soul, spirit (of the v)
bu4 5379 02d 06f does not, never; (is) im-, un-; ^ -less
si3 ž5589 78+2 33h die, perish (s); mortal, dying; death- v
06 b shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 06d (&) (so) it/this is/may be; ^ this; this
wei4 ˓7079 01m 06d called, styled, known as; call v; describes
xuan2 k2881 01m 06c (a, the) deep, mysterious, profound, subtle (ly)
pin4  5280 93+2 06c female, feminine, woman
06 c xuan2 k2881 01m 10e (a, the) deep, mysterious, profound, subtle (ly)
pin4  5280 06b 55g female, feminine, woman
zhi1 !0935 01e 06f ...’s; ^ of, (leading) (in)to vv
men2 Ĭ4418 01o 10i door, gate (way); portal, threshold
06 d shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 07e is/may/might (actually, indeed) be; ^ this
wei4 ˓7079 01m 10q called, styled, termed, known as; call v (the)
tian1 16361 01e 07a heaven, (the) sky; ^ creation, everything
di4 ‰6198 01e 07a & earth, (the) land; } (the) universe(al)
gen1 Ɛ3328 75+6 16f (’s) source, root, basis, foundation (of) (v)
06 e mian2 ʑ4506 120+8 06e endless, continuous (ly); unbroken, lasting
mian2 ʑ4506 06e F (&) continuous, everlasting (ly); extended
ruo4 Ŭ3126 140+5 08a appearing(arently), seeming(ly); as if/though
cun2 ’6891 04j 07h (to) exist, live(ing); alive, present, in existence
06 f yong4 o7567 04a 11b (to) apply, practice, use (d); (^) function (s)
zhi1 !0935 01e 08d it/this (is) (v); its v
bu4 5379 02d 07c (is) without, (with) no; not; ^ -less; ^ free
qin2 Ɇ1097 19+11 41b effort, labor, toil, trouble; effort-v; labor v
07 a tian1 16361 01e 07b heaven, (the) sky, celestial
chang2 ī0213 02g 07b (is) eternal, perpetual; continues, lasts, persists
di4 ‰6198 01e 07b (the) earth, land, world; terrestrial
jiu3 1188 4+2 07b (is) enduring, sustained; endures, lasts, persists

63
07 b tian1 16361 01e 09j ^^ heaven, (the) sky, celestial
di4 ‰6198 01e 08f ^^ & earth, (the) land, world; terrestrial
suo3 Ĉ5465 63+4 08d (the) reason; ^ by which; ^ which
yi3 J2932 01h 07c that, why; way, means v; that v
neng2 ơ4648 130+6 07d can; (are) able/fit to, capable of; enables vv
chang2 ī0213 02g 07d (to) continue, endure, last, persist (ing)
qie3 G0803 1+4 41v and (also, further; so, then; go/keep on)
jiu3 1188 07a 15u endure, be (ing) sustained; last, persist (ing)
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 13i is (this, thus); this is vv; what is vv ?
07 c yi3 J2932 01h 07e (it is) because, that; by, due to, through
qi2 ì0525 01h 07e they, (such as) these (things); their
bu4 5379 02d 08c do not, never; not; have no; ^^ is/are not
zi4 ¦6960 132+0 09h ^ as/by/for (them)selves; of/on (^^) their own
sheng1 n5738 02e 07d create, develop, exist, (ing); live(s) v; life(ves) vv
07 d gu4 Ő3455 01g 07j (and) so; therefore, thus; as such, in this way
neng2 ơ4648 07b 07j (they) can; (are) able/enabled/fit to, capable of
chang2 ī0213 02g 09d (^) eternally, perpetually, continually; go on
sheng1 n5738 02e 10m create, develop, exist, live, produce (ing) (v)
07 e shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 10g this is; (&) so it is; ^ this ^; ^
yi3 J2932 01h 07i how, why; that; in v way; } therefore, thus
sheng4 ɠ5753 02k 12h (a, the) perceptive, sagely, wise; ^ (a, the)
ren2 3097 02k 08d individual, one, person (s); people; } sage(s)
hou4 Ņ2143 02j 14q follow (s); come later; put/place ^ last/behind
qi2 ì0525 01h 07g in/with his/her/their; v them-
shen1 ß5718 158+0 07f being, life, person (s); -selves v
07 f er2 £1756 01 l 07h and (still, yet); but, yet (still); although, while
shen1 ß5718 07e 07g (the, their) being (s); life, self (ves)
xian1 ~2702 04 l 25b advance, lead, come/go (s) ahead/first/before
07 g wai4 Z7001 36+2 HL exclude(s); get(s) out of; put/place ^ outside
qi2 ì0525 01h 07i his/her/their; him-/her-; v them-
shen1 ß5718 07e 07h being, person (s); life, -self (ves); -selves v
07 h er2 £1756 01 l 09c and (still, yet); but, yet (still); although, while
shen1 ß5718 07e 09i (the, their) being, entity (s); life, self (ves)
cun2 ’6891 04j 41d continue, persist, endure, remain (s); go(es) on
07 i fei1 į1819 01b 31g is it/this not; would this not be
yi3 J2932 01h 11c because (of), that; by, due to, through
qi2 ì0525 01h 07j they; their; (such as) these
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 08n have(ing) no; (are) without, free; lack (of)
si1 Õ5569 115+2 07j self-interest; selfishness, partiality; self
ye2 á2625 163+4 39r ?
64
07 j gu4 Ő3455 01g 08e (and) so; therefore, thus, hence, consequently
neng2 ơ4648 07b 08k (they) can; (the) ability, competence, power
cheng2 ˜0379 02f 15y (to) fulfill, complete, perfect; realize, satisfy
qi2 ì0525 01h 09b their; one’s; them-
si1 Õ5569 07i 19j self-interest(s); person(s); -selves
08 a shang4 5669 1+2 14i (the) greatest, highest; superior, supreme
shan4 ȭ5657 02c 08b good, excellence; aptness, merit, skill, talent
ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 13a (is, seems) (just, much) like; resemble(s)
shui3 B5922 85+0 08b water
08 b shui3 B5922 08a 78a water (’s)
shan4 ȭ5657 02c 08f good(ness), excellence; aptness, merit, talent
li4 ´3867 18+5 11g (is) (to) benefit, help, favor, serve (s, ing)
wan4 ɛ7030 01f 16c (the) myriad, ten thousand; all
wu4 Ĝ7209 01f 14 l beings, creatures, entities, things; of creation
08 c er2 £1756 01 l 09a and (still, yet); but, yet (still); although, while
bu4 5379 02d 08m does/will not; (with/there is) no; never, rarely
zheng1 ě0365 03b 08m compete, contend (ion), strive(fe), struggle (ing)
08 d chu3 dz1407 02k 24j dwell, settle, stay in; occupy, hold, take (s, ing)
zhong4 Ǫ1517 01o 20i ^ all, the rest (of)(the); every- ^ (else); ^ (the)
ren2 3097 02k 12a ^ others, people; v-body, -one (v); } crowd
zhi1 !0935 01e 09a ^ (have) come to; consider, regard (s) as/with
suo3 Ĉ5465 07b 13i direction, place, position (s) that/which vvv
e4 ȏ4809 02b 20d contempt, disdain; detest(able); vile, wrong, foul
08 e gu4 Ő3455 01g 08n (and) so; therefore, thus; (as) such, in this way
ji1 Ȍ0409 52+9 20c (is) close, near; approach, approximate (s, ing)
yu2 Č7643 70+4 14 l to; the, this; with respect to
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 09j (the) way, path, course; process, truth; nature
08 f ju1 ă1535 02p 25q (in, with) (a, the) dwelling; home, house
shan4 ȭ5657 02c 08g value; the good; excel in/at; improve, perfect
di4 ‰6198 01e 23e (the, is) place(ment), site(ing), location, earth
08 g xin1 82735 03f 12e (in, with) (a, the) heart, mind; feeling, thought
shan4 ȭ5657 02c 08h value; the good; excel in/at; improve, perfect
yuan1 ǡ7723 04c 36k (the, is) deep, profound; depth, mystery
08 h yu3 ʕ7615 134+8 20b (in, with) (a, the) company, relations, sharing
shan4 ȭ5657 02c 08i value; the good; excel in/at; improve, perfect
ren2 $3099 05a 18b (the, is) compassion, humanity, kindness, love
08 i yan2 Ú7334 02 l 17g (in, with) (a, the) speech, word(s); speaking
shan4 ȭ5657 02c 08j value; the good; excel in/at; improve, perfect
xin4 ı2748 9+7 17e (the, is) sincerity, trust, truth. good faith

65
08 j zheng4 g0351 77+1 45j (in, with) (a, the) government, justice, principle
shan4 ȭ5657 02c 08k value; the good; excel in/at; improve, perfect
zhi4 ę1021 03g 10g (the, is) order, organization, arrangement
08 k shi4 ä5787 02k 17h (in, with) (a, the) business, service, task, work
shan4 ȭ5657 02c 08 l value; the good; excel in/at; improve, perfect
neng2 ơ4648 07b 09f (the, is) ability, competence, effective/fit(ness)
08 l dong4 ƶ6611 05h 15u (in, with) (a, the) action, deed, movement (s)
shan4 ȭ5657 02c 15a value; the good; excel in/at; improve, perfect
shi2 Ə5780 72+6 HL (the, is) time(ing, liness), opportunity, moment
08m fu1 21908 02q 15d now, then ^ as; (it is) ^ when; ^ 22q
wei2 Ʒ7064 02q 15d inasmuch, insofar v; only v; }because “
bu4 5379 02d 09b there is no, absence, want of; ^ is avoided “
zheng1 ě0365 03b 22q argument, contention, conflict, strife(ving) (v) “
08 n gu4 Ő3455 01g 11g that ^ then ; that (accordingly)
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 10b v there is/will be v no; there is/will be no
you2 67511 43+1 HL blame, reproach, resentment(s); fault, offense
09 a chi2 ō1035 64+6 64a (to) (up)hold (up), support, maintain (ing)
er2 £1756 01 l 09c (and, but) still, then; while (also) (to)
ying2 Ť7474 04b 15w over- -fill, -replenish, -satisfy, -top, -do (ing)
zhi1 !0935 01e 09c (a, the) thing(s); something; results
09 b bu4 5379 02d 09d is not, never, rarely, seldom; does/will not
ru2 3137 05j 20j as good as, equal to; compare(s) with/to
qi2 ì0525 01h 09h (some)one’s, your; ^ oneself, yourself
yi3 2930 02b 29b being/showing restrain(t, ed); end, stop (ing)
09 c chuai3 Ȓ1422 64+9 HL to forge, beat, rough/pound out; approximate
er2 £1756 01 l 09g (and, but) still, then; while (also)
zhuo2 ̩1279 75+7 HL (to) (over-) whet, sharpen, hone, strop (ing)
zhi1 !0935 01e 09f (a, the) thing(s); something; results
09 d bu4 5379 02d 10n is not, un-, ill-, never, seldom; does/will not
ke3 S3381 01a 13n conducive, incline(d), suited to; permit; help
chang2 ī0213 02g 10p (a) (long-)lasting/-term; enduring; ^ for long
bao3 ij4946 9+7 15v preserve, protect (ion); guarantee; hold (ing) v
09 e jin1 Ī1057 167+0 HL (when, with) coins, riches, bronze, gold, metals
yu4 l7666 96+0 39u & jade, gems(tones), jewels; precious stones
man3 ʆ4326 85+7 HL (to) fill(ing) (up); amassed/piled up (in)
tang2 Ƽ6107 32+8 HL (a, the) hall, court, room, chamber
09 f mo4 Dz4557 140+7 22r nobody, none (who); there is no/not any way
zhi1 !0935 01e 09j ^^ it, this; that, them; (such)(a) thing(s)
neng2 ơ4648 07b 10b can, could (manage); (is, to be) able, fit (to)
shou3 “5844 05j 16b defend, guard, hold (onto), keep, protect
66
09 g fu4 ȉ1952 40+9 33e (to be) prosperous; rich(es), wealth(y)
gui4 ȶ3636 03c 13b & exalted, honored, titled; & honor(s)
er2 £1756 01 l 10n and (also, then); while (also); combined with
jiao1 ̚0694 187+12 30k (to) (be) proud(ide), haughty(eur), arrogant(ce)
09 h zi4 ¦6960 07c 17i (is) (a/the) natural; (to) by/on one(’s, self, own)
yi2 ˕2995 162+12 20p inheritance, legacy, consequence; abandon
qi2 ì0525 01h 11b of its/one’s/your own; oneself, yourself
jiu4 õ1192 30+5 46g (to/for) misfortune, failure, harm, error, wrong
09 i gong1 Q3698 02p 17h (with, when) (a, the) (good) work, task (s)
sui4 ɱ5530 162+9 17h succeed(s); (is/are) completed, followed up
shen1 ß5718 07e 13b (^) one, we, you; (a, your) body, person, self
tui4 Ƭ6568 162+6 41j retreat, move/step back; retire, withdraw (s, v)
09 j tian1 16361 01e 10i (^) (a, the) heaven(-); celest-; (the) sky
zhi1 !0935 01e 10m (^) ...’s; -ly; -ial; ^ of v
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 14r (^) way, path, course; principle, process, truth
zai4 ɯ6653 159+6 HL carry on; uphold, sustain, keep (s, ing) to (vvv)
10 a ying2 ˜7467 86+13 HL (is, are, in) manage, define, make, shape (ing)
po4 ˀ4988 194+5 HL (a, the) (animal) soul, life, sentience, animacy
bao4 ċ4938 64+5 19i (&) accept, adopt, attend, embrace (ing)
yi1
3016 1+0 11a integrity, union, unity; (the) one, whole (ness)
10 b neng2 ơ4648 07b 10d can (it/one/this be); (is it/this) possible
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 10f without, with no; (there be) no; ^ be avoided
li2 ˺3902 172+11 26d separation, division, distinction, difference (s) v
hu1 I2154 05f 10d (is it/one/this, it/this be)...?
10 c zhuan1 ǂ1428 41+8 HL (is, are, in) concentrate, focus, gather (ing)
qi4 Ƒ0554 84+6 42f (the) breath, life(’s) energy, vital force/spirit
zhi4 ū0984 133+3 14g (&/to) attain, reach; cultivate, develop (ing)
rou2 ŗ3133 75+5 36j flexibility; gentle, responsive, supple (ness)
10 d neng2 ơ4648 07b 10f can (it/one/this be); (is it/this) possible
ying1 ˘7457 38+14 20m (as, of) (a, an, the) baby, infant, newborn 20m
er2 é1759 10+5 20m child, infant, baby, babe “
hu1 I2154 05f 10f (is it/one/this, this be)...?
10 e di2 ʇ6229 85+11 HL (is, are, in) cleanse, purify, wash, bathe (ing)
chu2 Ʈ1391 170+7 53f & clear, clean, sweep, open (ing) (up/out)
xuan2 k2881 01m 10q (the) deep, mystic(erious), profound, subtle
lan3 ̒3804 147+14 HL vision, view, sight, perception, understanding
10 f neng2 ơ4648 07b 10h can (it/one/this be); (is it/this) possible
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 10h without, with no; (there be) no; ^ be avoided
ci2 ǩ6976 104+5 HL (a, any) flaw, blemish, stain, shortcoming (s)
hu1 I2154 05f 10h (is it/one/this, it/this be)...?
67
10 g ai4 ɏ0009 61+9 13o (is, are, in) regard, love, care for, cherish (ing)
min2 i4508 03b 19b humanity; (the) multitude, others, people
zhi4 ę1021 03g 57a (&, or) govern, rule, direct, organize (ing)
guo2 Ƹ3738 31+8 18g (a, the) country, domain(inion), realm, state
10 h neng2 ơ4648 07b 10j can (it/one/this be); (is it/this) possible
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 10 l without, with no; (there be) no; ^ be avoided
wei2 ş7059 02a 10j act, do, perform, interfere, meddle (ing); artifice
hu1 I2154 05f 10j (is it/one/this, it/this be)...?
10 i tian1 16361 01e 13m (is, are, in) ^^ heaven, (the) sky, celestial (’s)
men2 Ĭ4418 01o 52i ^^ (the) door, gate (s, -way); portal(s) (of/to)
kai1 Ȼ3204 169+4 27e open (up), reveal, disclose, uncover (ing)
he2 ˹2121 169+10 HL & close, shut, hide, cover (ing) vv
10 j neng2 ơ4648 07b 10 l can (it/one/this be); (is it/this) possible
wei2 ş7059 02a 10o as; by, to; be, become; play (the part/role of)
ci1 ʝ6979 172+5 28b (a, the) woman, female, feminine
hu1 I2154 05f 10 l (is it/one/this, this be)...?
10 k ming2 ď4534 72+4 16j (is, are, in) clarify, elucidate, understand (ing)
bai2 r4975 106+0 28g & explain, make plain, simplify (ing) (in/of)
si4 Y5598 31+2 15i (the) four(fold); all; all four; surrounding
da2 ɲ5956 162+9 HL directions, reaches, extents, approaches
10 l neng2 ơ4648 07b 14t can (it/one/this be); (is it/this) possible
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 11b without, with no; (there be) no; ^ be avoided
zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 14t assumption(s), discretion, knowledge, thinking
hu1 I2154 05f 23g (is it/one/this, it/this be)...?
10m sheng1 n5738 02e 10n create, develop, grow, produce; give life to
zhi1 !0935 01e 10m it, them; (a) thing(s); something
chu4 Ɩ1412 102+5 51b (&) (take) care/provde of/for; nurture, raise
zhi1 !0935 01e 11b it, them; (a) thing(s); something
10 n sheng1 n5738 02e 15u create, develop, grow, produce, give life 51o
er2 £1756 01 l 10o and (yet); but, yet (still); although, while “
bu4 5379 02d 10o do not; not (to); without, with no; avoid (ing) “
you3 ›7533 01f 11b claim, hold, keep, own, possess, retain (ing) “
10 o wei2 ş7059 02a 11c act, create, develop, make, produce 51p
er2 £1756 01 l 10p and (yet); but, yet (still); although, while “
bu4 5379 02d 10p do not; not; without, with no; avoid (ing) “
shi4 ŋ5779 02o 34c expect; cling, depend; presume, rely (ing) “
10 p chang2 ī0213 02g 22p master, prevail, prosper, (take the) lead 51q
er2 £1756 01 l 14h and (yet); but, yet (still); although, while “
bu4 5379 02d 11i do not; not; without, with no; avoid (ing) “
zai3 Ƅ6655 40+7 51q rule, dominate, control, [micro]manage (ing) “
68
10 q shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 12h such/this/these is/may be; ^ this; this 51r
wei4 ˓7079 01m 13c called, deemed, styled; call v; describes “
xuan2 k2881 01m 15b (a, the) deep, mystic(erious), profound, subtle “
de2 ʤ6162 60+12 21a character, virtue, quality; nature; power* (s) “
11 a san1
5415 1+2 14g three; thir-; ^
shi2 5807 24+0 50b tens; -ty; } thirty
fu2 ȋ1980 159+9 HL (wheel) spokes
gong4 €3709 12+4 HL join, share; are joined; converge, unite (in, at)
yi1
3016 10a 14h one; (a) simple, single; (the) same
gu3 ˥3491 159+10 HL hub, nave, axis
11 b dang1 ɚ6087 102+8 11d then, in, while; depend, rest, bear (ing) (up)on
qi2 ì0525 01h 11d its; it is; in its; what/that/things which
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 11d non-; is/do(es) not; lack of; emptiness
you3 ›7533 01f 11d being, existence; there (is); exist
che1 à0280 159+0 HL (is, are) (a, the) carriage, cart, chariot, vehicle
zhi1 !0935 01e 11d ...’s; has, will have (its); ^ of, for, to v
yong4 o7567 04a 11d (a) application, function, usefulness, utility (s)
11 c shan1 ̧7343 32+7 HL form, mold, shape (d, ing); draw, pull, stand up
zhi2 ̦8011 32+8 HL clay
yi3 J2932 01h 11e in order; serves; (is) (a, the) way/means; how
wei2 ş7059 02a 11e to create, develop, form, make, produce; as a
qi4 ˁ0549 30+13 11d (a, the) artifact, implement, utensil, vessel (s)
11 d dang1 ɚ6087 11b 11f then, in, while; depend, rest, bear (ing) (up)on
qi2 ì0525 01h 11f its; it is; in its; what/that/things which
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 11f non; is/do(es) not; lack of; emptiness
you3 ›7533 01f 11f being, existence; there (is/are); exist
qi4 ˁ0549 11c 28s (a, the) artifact, implement, utensil, vessel (s)
zhi1 !0935 01e 11f ...’s; has, will have (its); ^ of, for, to v
yong4 o7567 04a 11f (a) application, function, usefulness, utility (s)
11 e zuo4 ̡6786 169+19 HL cut, chisel, open, hew, carve (ing) (out)
hu4 92180 63+0 47a (a, an, the) door, doorway, entrance, entry (s)
you3 ʬ7507 91+11 47c & windows, lattices
yi3 J2932 01h 11g in order; serves; (is) (a, the) way/means; how
wei2 ş7059 02a 11g to create, develop, form, make, produce; as a
shi4 Ł5820 40+6 11f (a, the) chamber, room; dwelling, home, house

69
11 f dang1 ɚ6087 11b F then, in, while; depend, rest, bear (ing) (up)on
qi2 ì0525 01h 14i its; it is; in its; what/that/things which
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 11h non; is/do(es) not; lack of; emptiness
you3 ›7533 01f 11g being, existence; there (is); exist (is, are)
shi4 Ł5820 11e F (a, the) chamber, room; dwelling, home, house
zhi1 !0935 01e 11g ...’s; has, will have (its); ^ of, for, to v
yong4 o7567 04a 11h (a) application, function, usefulness, utility (s)
11 g gu4 Ő3455 01g 12j (and) so; therefore, thus, hence; in this way
you3 ›7533 01f 13i (the) being, existence, what is/exists (there)
zhi1 !0935 01e 11h has (its); is of; ^ of v; of something (is)
yi3 J2932 01h 11h use(s, ful); serves; (a, the) way/means; how
wei2 ş7059 02a 11h (to, in, for) create, form, make, produce (ing)
li4 ´3867 08b 19b advantage, benefit, profit (s); worth, value
11 h wu2 ȡ7180 01e 13k (the) lack, non-being/existence; what is not
zhi1 !0935 01e 12f has (its); is of; ^ of v; of something (is)
yi3 J2932 01h 12h use(s, ful); serves; (a, the) way/means; how
wei2 ş7059 02a 12i (to, in, for) to create, form, make, produce (ing)
yong4 o7567 04a 27c application, function(al), usefulness, utility (s)
12 a wu3 #7187 7+2 12b (the) five
se4 ©5445 139+0 HL colors, hues
ling4 M4043 9+3 12b (will) bring, cause, dispose, lead, make (to)
ren2 3097 02k 12b (some)body’s, one’s; (a, the) human, person’s
mu4 s4596 109+0 12i eye(s); (eye)sight, vision
mang2 Ġ4346 109+3 HL (to) (go, be) blind(ness, ed); illusion, delusion
12 b wu3 #7187 12a 12c (the) five
yin1 Ŷ7418 02i 41s tone, note, sound, pitch (s)
ling4 M4043 12a 12c (will) bring, cause, dispose, lead, make (to)
ren2 3097 02k 12c (some)body’s, one’s; (a, the) human, person’s
er3 ¤1744 128+0 49 l ear(s); hearing
long2 ̗4272 128+16 HL (to) (go, be) deaf(ness, ened)
12 c wu3 #7187 12a F (the) five
wei4 ð7115 30+5 35h flavors, tastes
ling4 M4043 12a 12e (will) bring, cause, dispose, lead, make (to)
ren2 3097 02k 12e (some)body’s, one’s; (a, the) human, person’s
kou3 3434 30+0 HL mouth, palate; taste
shuang3 ǥ5917 89+7 HL (to) (go, be) numb(ness, ed); jaded(ness); err
12 d chi2 ɶ1034 187+3 43b racing, riding; swift, quick, rapid, fleet 43b
cheng3 ˪0395 187+7 43b (&) galloping/fast/swift horses; for speed “
tian2 Ţ6363 102+4 HL & hunting
lie4 ˭3993 94+15 HL in/for sport; pursuits; (the) game
70
12 e ling4 M4043 12a 12g (will) bring, cause, dispose, lead, make (to)
ren2 3097 02k 12g (some)body’s, one’s; (a, the) human, person’s
xin1 82735 03f 20q heart, mind; emotion, feeling, idea, thought (s)
fa1 ȥ1768 105+7 39j to go, grow, become; act, express, show
kuang2 Ò3601 94+4 HL mad, wild (ness); deranged, insane, frantic
12 f nan2 ̅4625 02f 63f complicated, difficult, hard, troublesome 64u
de2 Lj6161 03c 13e to get, obtain, come by, find, acquire “
zhi1 !0935 01e 13e ^ that/which are vv “
huo4 Ǹ2398 03c 44b goods, items, commodities, products, things “
12 g ling4 M4043 12a 19h (will) bring, cause, dispose, lead, make (to)
ren2 3097 02k 12h (some)body’s, one’s; (a, the) human, person’s
xing2 ª2754 02 l 24b activity, advance, movement (s); progress
fang1 ¼1804 38+4 HL hindrance, impediment, interference, obstruction
12 h shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 13g this is; (&) so it is; ^ this; ^
yi3 J2932 01h 13i why; that; applying v; } therefore, hence
sheng4 ɠ5753 02k 19a (a, the) perceptive, sagely, wise; ^ (a, the)
ren2 3097 02k 20f individual, one, person (s); people; } sage(s)
12 i wei2 ş7059 02a 12i adopt, attend, consider, regard, serve (s)
fu4 ɢ1994 03i F (the) belly, stomach (s); inner, inside; appetite
bu4 5379 02d 14a (&) do/does not; instead of, rather than
wei2 ş7059 02a 13d adopt, attend, consider, regard, serve (ing)
mu4 s4596 12a 49 l (the) eye, eyes; sight, vision; objective, visible
12 j gu4 Ő3455 01g 13m (and) so; therefore, thus, hence, in this way 38x
qu4 R1594 02r 20c dismiss, leave, let go of, put away, quit (s, ing) “
bi3 ą5093 60+5 38x that, those; the other; there and then (&/to) “
qu3 î1615 29+6 29a accept, choose, grasp, pick up, seek (s, ing) “
ci3 6972 01k 14g this, This, these; here and now “
13 a chong3 ˼1534 40+16 13c favor, glory, grace, honor, esteem, prestige
ru3 ƪ3154 161+3 13c & disfavor, disgrace, dishonor, insult, shame
ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 13b (are) equal, similar (ly); (a)like; the same (as)
jing1 ̝1140 187+13 13c frighten (ing); (to be) (v) feared; (a) warning(s)
13 b gui4 ȶ3636 03c 13h dignity; esteem, exaltation, honor, respect
da4 5943 37+0 13h (&) great, big, a lot of, much, major, complete
huan4 nj2240 61+7 13h adversity, worry, suffering, trouble(s); distress
ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 13c (are) equal(ly); (a)like; the same (as, in) (being)
shen1 ß5718 07e 13h (a) being, body, entity, individual, person, self

71
13 c he2 ¬2109 9+5 13h why ^ (is it) ?; what does it/this ^ ?
wei4 ˓7079 01m 13g maintain, say (d) (that); mean, signify (that)
chong3 ˼1534 13a 13d favor, glory, grace, honor, esteem, prestige
ru3 ƪ3154 13a 13g & disfavor, disgrace, dishonor, insult, shame
ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 13e (are) equal, similar (ly); (a)like; the same (as)
jing1 ̝1140 13a 13e frighten(ing); (to be) (v) feared; (a) warning(s)
13 d chong3 ˼1534 13a 13g grace, favor, glory, honor, esteem, prestige
wei2 ş7059 02a 13j create, produce, set up; presume, presuppose (s)
xia4 2520 02a 13m (a, the) (down)fall, decline, descent; falling
13 e de2 Lj6161 03c 14e to get, acquire, obtain, attain, win, possess
zhi1 !0935 01e 13f it, this, same, such (a thing)
ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 13f is as/like/the same as; assumes, seems
jing1 ̝1140 13a 13f (to) alarm, frighten, upset (ing); (a) warning(s)
13 f shi1 \5806 37+2 23k to lose, relinquish; give ^ up; let ^ go/slip
zhi1 !0935 01e 14a it, this, same, such (a thing)
ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 13g is as/like/the same as; assumes, seems
jing1 ̝1140 13a 13g (to) alarm, frighten, upset (ing); (a) warning(s)
13 g shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 14m this/which; (&) so/thus it is/may be
wei4 ˓7079 01m 13h means, says, suggests; said, stated (that)
chong3 ˼1534 13a F favor, glory, grace, honor, esteem, prestige
ru3 ƪ3154 13a 28n & disfavor, disgrace, dishonor, insult, shame
ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 13h (are) equal, similar (ly); (a)like; the same (as)
jing1 ̝1140 13a F frighten (ing); (to be)(v) feared; (a) warning(s)
13 h he2 ¬2109 13c 13 l why ^ (is it) ?; what does it/this ^ ?
wei4 ˓7079 01m 14m maintain, say (d) (that); mean, signify (that)
gui4 ȶ3636 03c 13m dignity; esteem, exaltation, honor, respect
da4 5943 13b 13i (&) great, big, a lot of, much, major, complete
huan4 nj2240 13b 13i adversity, worry, suffering, trouble(s); distress
ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 13n (are) equal(ly); (a)like; the same (as, in)(being)
shen1 ß5718 07e 13j (a) being, body, individual, person, (one)self
13 i wu2 µ7188 04k 13j (^) our, my; we, I
suo3 Ĉ5465 07b 19h (^) (a, the) cause, ground(s), reason; origin
yi3 J2932 01h 13m (^) for, of, to (v); that, why v
you3 ›7533 01f 13j (^) acquire, have, find, possess, take (ing) on
da4 5943 13b 18a (^) great, big, a lot of, much, major, complete
huan4 nj2240 13b 13 l (^) adversity, suffering, trouble(s); distress
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 14g is (this, thus); this is vvvvv; what is vvvvv ?

72
13 j wei2 ş7059 02a 13m assume, presume (ing) that; acting as if/though
wu2 µ7188 04k 13k our, my; we, I
you3 ›7533 01f 13 l being; had, have, possess; am, are, were (a)
shen1 ß5718 07e 13k being, body, entity, person, self (s); embodied
13 k ji2 /0468 29+2 21m if, when, where; as long/soon as; realizing
wu2 µ7188 04k 13 l our, my; we, I (are)
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 14 l have no; are not (a); ^ do(es) not exist; ^-less
shen1 ß5718 07e 13m being, (em)body(ied), entity, person, self (s) (v)
13 l wu2 µ7188 04k 16d ^ we, I; (to/for) us, me
you3 ›7533 01f 14s ^ have, possess; exists, is/are there
he2 ¬2109 13c 20c what ^ do vv ?; how do vv ^ ?
huan4 nj2240 13b F adversity, worry, suffering, trouble (s); distress
13m gu4 Ő3455 01g 14h (and) so; therefore, thus, hence, consequently
gui4 ȶ3636 03c 17g to respect(fully), honor(ably); esteem, value
yi3 J2932 01h 13o (&) consider, regard, serve, take, treat (as)
shen1 ß5718 07e 13o (one’s, your) being, body, entity, person, self
wei2 ş7059 02a 13o (as)(the) actions, activities, doings, workings of
tian1 16361 01e 13n (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 13n below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
13 n ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 13p (is) like, as good as, the same as; accords with
ke3 S3381 01a 13p deserving, fit, ready, suited, welcome, worthy
ji4 ǀ0419 40+8 HL to inhabit, occupy, live/dwell in
tian1 16361 01e 13o (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 13o below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
13 o ai4 ɏ0009 10g 27p to love/care(ingly), fond(ly); cherish, treasure
yi3 J2932 01h 14s (&) consider, regard, serve, take, treat (as)
shen1 ß5718 07e 16s (one’s, your) being, body, entity, person, self
wei2 ş7059 02a 14h (as)(the) actions, activities, doings, workings of
tian1 16361 01e 13p (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 13p below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
13 p ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 15g (is) like, as good as, the same as; accords with
ke3 S3381 01a 14g deserving, fit, ready, suited, welcome, worthy
tuo1 Ʀ6461 149+3 HL to be charged/trusted with, steward of/to
tian1 16361 01e 16p (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 14j below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
14 a shi4 ȱ5789 147+5 35i (to, when) look, examine, watch (ing) 35i
zhi1 !0935 01e 14c (at, for, (in)to, upon) (a) thing(s), something “
bu4 5379 02d 14c (and, but) not, fail to; without; what is not “
jian4 Ø0860 03e 14p (to) observe, see, view, witness (d, ing) “

73
14 b ming2 ‡4524 01c 14d description, distinction, names, terms, title (s)
yue1 >7694 73+0 14d (will) speak, tell of; call out, claim, refer to
yi2 Œ2982 37+3 41k (the) hidden(ness); invisible, obscure (ity)
14 c ting1 ̘6402 128+16 35j (to, when) listen, hearken (ing) 35j
zhi1 !0935 01e 14e (to, for) (a) thing(s), something “
bu4 5379 02d 14e (and, but) not, fail to; without; what is not “
wen2 ʓ7142 128+8 35j (to) hear, detect (d, ing) “
14 d ming2 ‡4524 01c 14f description, distinction, names, terms, title (s)
yue1 >7694 14b 14f (will) speak, tell of; call out, claim, refer to
xi1 À2416 50+4 23a (the) faint(ness); rare, inaudible (ity)
14 e bo2 ̮5323 64+10 55e (to, when) reach, clutch (ed, ing)
zhi1 !0935 01e 14m (at, for) (a) thing(s), something
bu4 5379 02d 14g (and, but) not, fail to; without; what is not
de2 Lj6161 03c 22e (to) gain, grasp, hold, capture, secure (d, ing)
14 f ming2 ‡4524 01c 14k description, distinction, names, terms, title (s)
yue1 >7694 14b 16g (will) speak, tell of; call out, claim, refer to
wei2 Ɍ7061 60+10 15b (the) minute(ness); intangible, subtle (ty)
14 g ci3 6972 01k 15v these; this
san1
5415 11a 19g three; threesome, triad, trinity, trio
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 15a is/are (one)(that/which); indicate, suggest (s)
bu4 5379 02d 14i (it)(is, are) not, ill-, un-; ^ not ^; do(es) not
ke3 S3381 01a 14k fit/suited/amenable to; may v be; allow
zhi4 ū0984 10c 16a full, complete, extensive (ly); further
jie2 ɨ0783 149+6 HL investigate, examine (d, ation); inquiry, study
14 h gu4 Ő3455 01g 15e (and) so; therefore, thus, hence, consequently
hun4 Ǡ2371 85+8 15r (is, are) (inter-) mingle, mix; join, (con)fuse (d)
er2 £1756 01 l 17b and (so, then, thus) (is/are); while
wei2 ş7059 02a 15a act, behave, work; consider (s, ed, ing) as/to be
yi1
3016 10a 22g one; (a) unity, whole
14 i qi2 ì0525 01h 14j the; its; at/in/to its; whose, what ^ it/this
shang4 5669 08a 17a height, top; highest; (most) lofty; above v
bu4 5379 02d 14j (it) is not; there is nothing/(very) little/no
jiao3 ̶0687 106+12 HL bright, clear, dazzling; brightness
14 j qi2 ì0525 01h 14p the; its; at/in/to its; whose. what ^ it/this
xia4 2520 02a 17a depth, bottom; lowest; (most) lowly; below v
bu4 5379 02d 14k (it) is not; there is nothing/(very) little/no
mei4 ŕ4411 72+5 41i dark, obscure(ity), gloom(y); darkness

74
14 k sheng2 ̀5749 120+13 14k (a, an, the) continuous, endless, unbroken
sheng2 ̀5749 14k 27f line, strand, thread; continuity; in extent
bu4 5379 02d 14p (is) not, ill-, un-; ^ not ^; does not
ke3 S3381 01a 15c suited/amenable to; may v be; permit (ing)
ming2 ‡4524 01c 21n describe(iption), distinction, name, term (s, ed)
14 l fu4 ȍ1992 60+9 16d come/turn around/back; (a, the) return (s, ing)
gui1 ˬ3617 77+14 16f home (again); around; & return (s, ing)
yu2 Č7643 08e 20* as, (with)in, into, to, towards
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 14m no(-); non-; (what does) not; freedom from
wu4 Ĝ7209 01f 14n thing(ness); being, entity, existence; exist
14m shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 14o (&) (so) it/this is/may be; ^ this; this
wei4 ˓7079 01m 14o called, styled, known as; call v; describes
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 14n (^) no; without, with no; (the) un-; ^ -less
zhuang4 ĝ1452 94+4 14m (^) (the) form, shape; state, condition (ed) v
zhi1 !0935 01e 14n (^) ...’s; ^ of, with vv; ^ that/which is v
zhuang4 ĝ1452 14m 21p form, shape; state, condition vvv
14 n wu2 ȡ7180 01e 19f (^) no(-); non-; (what/that which does) not
wu4 Ĝ7209 01f 16c (^) thing(ness); being, entity, existence; exist
zhi1 !0935 01e 14p (^) ...’s; ^ of v; ^ that/which is v
xiang4 ȳ2568 04 l 21f (a, an, the) image, model, symbol, form vvv
14 o shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 14u (so) it/this is/may be; ^ this; this
wei4 ˓7079 01m 14u called, styled, known as; call v; describes
hu1 Ǐ2196 61+8 21d & mysterious, indistinct, obscure, vague 21d
huang3 ň2276 61+6 21d (the) elusive, evasive; flurried, mad, wild 21d
14 p ying2 ĩ7473 162+4 HL ^ met, faced, approached, encountered
zhi1 !0935 01e 14q (as, when) it/this is v
bu4 5379 02d 14q (^) is not, never, un-, in-; (there is) nothing
jian4 Ø0860 03e 14q (^) (to be, is) found, seen, viewed; visible
qi2 ì0525 01h 14q its ^vv; a, the; of its/a/the
shou3 Ź5839 185+0 38p head, face, front; foremost, lead
14 q sui2 ˖5523 02j 29g ^ followed, pursued, chased
zhi1 !0935 01e 14r (as, when) it/this is v
bu4 5379 02d 15c (^) is not, never, un-, in-; (there is) nothing
jian4 Ø0860 03e 19i (^) (to be, is) found, seen, viewed; visible
qi2 ì0525 01h 15k its ^vv; a, the; of its/a/the
hou4 Ņ2143 02j 30f end, back, rear, trail, aftermath, consequences
14 r zhi2 ƽ0996 32+8 29f (to) attend, grasp, (take) hold, keep (ing) of/to
gu3 T3447 30+2 14t (^) (the) ancient(s), classic-; antiquity, timeless
zhi1 !0935 01e 14s (^) ...’s; ...s’; -al; ^ of, for v
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 14u (the) way, path, road, course; principle, truth vv
75
14 s yi3 J2932 01h 15t is how, (a, the) way/means to; in order to
yu4 Nj7664 60+8 HL manage, master, negotiate; govern, rule, tame
jin1 &1053 9+2 21m (the) present, moment; (this, to-) day; current
zhi1 !0935 01e 15a ...’s; ^ of v
you3 ›7533 01f 17a being, existence, presence; domain, dominion
14 t neng2 ơ4648 07b 15t (the) ablility, capacity; (when) (cap)able (to/of)
zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 16j comprehend, know, perceive, recognize (ing)
gu3 T3447 14r 15a (the) ancient, classical, timeless; antiquity’s
shi3 ú5772 01e 32i beginning, conception, genesis, source (s)
14 u shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 16h (this) is/may be; ^ this; ^ this ^
wei4 ˓7079 01m 16h called, known as; call v; know v as, to be
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 15v ^(the) way, path, course; principle, truth
ji4 ŧ0430 120+3 HL (a, the) clue*, thread; continuum, record of/to v
15 a gu3 T3447 14r 21m (^)(the, those) ancient(s), old; of antiquity, old 65a
zhi1 !0935 01e 15e ^ ^ had, possessed; having; became, were “
shan4 ȭ5657 02c 20d ^ ^ skill, talent (ed) at/to; adept, good, skillful at“
wei2 ş7059 02a 15e ^ ^ action, practice, working “
shi4 5776 33+0 41a ^ scholar, student, adherent (s), gentleman, -men
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 15v the/those v (one)(s) who vvvv “
15 b wei2 Ɍ7061 14f 36i (were) subtle, obscure; fine, keen, intricate
miao4 ½4474 01h 27r (&) mysterious, subtle, wondrous, intriguing
xuan2 k2881 01m 51r (&) deep, mystical(erious), profound, subtle
tong1 Ǻ6638 162+7 HL (&) penetrating, comprehensive, universal
15 c shen1 Ǣ5719 85+8 59j (in, of, with) (a) depth, profundity, intensity
bu4 5379 02d 15d (is) not, never, rarely, seldom; un-, ill-, in-
ke3 S3381 01a 15d ^ -able; easy; suited to (^-ing, -ment, -ition)
shi2 ́5825 149+12 15d (to) (-) fathom, discern, know, recognize (-)
15 d fu1 21908 02q 15x now, then ^ as they; ^ they
wei2 Ʒ7064 02q 15x inasmuch, insofar v; because v
bu4 5379 02d 15w (were) not, never, rarely, seldom; un-, ill-, in-
ke3 S3381 01a 20g ^ -able; easy; suited to (^-ing, -ment, -ition)
shi2 ́5825 15c 38q (to) (-) fathom, discern, know, recognize (-)
15 e gu4 Ő3455 01g 15y (it is) then, so; therefore, thus, consequently
qiang2 LJ0668 03k 25i (a, an) effort, endeavor, struggle, trial; difficult
wei2 ş7059 02a 19g to (re) construct, construe, develop, produce
zhi1 !0935 01e 15m the, their, one’s, such an (one’s)
rong2 Ƈ7560 40+7 16m appearance, manner, demeanor , attitude (s)
15 f yu4 ˔7603 152+9 HL ready, prepared, alert(ed), careful, wary
xi1 *2414 04c 15h (how, so) v !; (such, what) v -ness !; -; indeed

76
15 g ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 15i (much) as/like, as if/though (one) ^ (might be)
dong1 N6603 15+3 HL ^ (in) winter, 11th month
she4 Ɣ5707 85+7 HL crossing, fording, wading
chuan1 1439 47+0 32n (a, the) stream, river, current
15 h you2 ȣ7528 05f 32n hesitant, undecided, timid, suspicious, vigilant
xi1 *2414 04c 15j (how, so) v !; (such, what) v -ity, -ness !; -
15 i ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 15k (much) as/like, as if/though (one) ^ (might be)
wei4 š7069 102+4 17c awed by; in awe, fear of; heedful, wary of
si4 Y5598 10k 25p (the, all) four; ^ all around, on all four sides
lin2 ʺ4033 163+12 80p (the) neighbors, associates; neighborhood (v)
15 j yan3 ̖7348 9+20 HL dignified, respectful, reserved, grave, solemn
xi1 *2414 04c 15 l (how, so) v !; (such, what) v -ity, -ness !; -
15 k qi2 ì0525 01h 15o (^) one/they (was/were); something
ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 15m (much) as/like, as if/though (one) ^ (might be)
ke4 ł3324 40+6 35f (a, the) guest, stranger; caller, visitor (ing) (s)
15 l huan4 Ƞ2252 85+9 HL relent, give way, succumb (ing); mutable
xi1 *2414 04c 15n (how, so) v !; (such, what) v-ing,-ity,-ness !; -
15m ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 15o (much) as/like, as if/though (one) ^ (might be)
bing1 5283 15+4 HL ice; frozen
zhi1 !0935 01e 15t (some)(one, thing v) that/which/who is
jiang1 ǃ0656 41+8 29a about, (getting) ready, preparing, soon to
shi4 ̌5824 165+13 HL melt; release, let go, break up, loosen, thaw
15 n dun1 Ȕ6571 66+8 HL honest, authentic, genuine, artless, sincere
xi1 *2414 04c 15p (how, so) v !; (such, what) v -ity, -ness !; -
15 o qi2 ì0525 01h 15q (^) one/they was/were; something (of)
ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 15q (much) as/like, as if/though (v) (might be)
pu3 ˅5354 75+12 19i (an, the) un-cut/carved/worked block/wood
15 p kuang4 ˾3606 72+15 HL open, broad, expansive, spacious, empty
xi1 *2414 04c 15r (how, so) v !; (such, what) v -ness !; -; indeed
15 q qi2 ì0525 01h 15s (^) one/they (was/were); something
ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 15s (much) as/like, as if/though (v) ^ (might be)
gu3 Û3483 06a 28o (a, the) valley, ravine, watercourse/shed (s)
15 r hun4 Ǡ 2371 14h 25a turbid, chaotic, intermingled, murky
xi1 *2414 04c 17g (how, so) v !; (such, what) v -ity, -ness !; -
15 s qi2 ì0525 01h 16f (^) one/they (was/were); something
ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 20e (much) as/like, as if/though (v) ^ (might be)
zhuo2 ˇ1271 85+13 15t muddy/murky/turbid stream/water (s)

77
15 t shu2 ƿ5893 39+8 15u who; what/which person
neng2 ơ4648 07b 15u can (manage); is (cap)able, competent (as)
zhuo2 ˇ1271 15s F (a, the) muddy/murky/turbid stream/water (s)
yi3 J2932 01h 15u (in, of, to) become; (make) use, apply (ing) (of)
jing4 ˗1154 174+8 16b calm, still (ness); patient(nce), serene(ity)
zhi1 !0935 01e 15u (to) arrive/(be)come/reach (ing) ^ at/to/towards
xu2 ƌ2841 60+7 15u v gradually, slowly, calmly, by degrees v
qing1 ǟ1171 85+8 39b clear, pure, lucid (ity); resolve, resolution?
15 u shu2 ƿ5893 15t 23d who; what/which person
neng2 ơ4648 07b 15y can (manage); is (cap)able, competent (in, at)
an1 ”0026 40+3 35d peace, security, rest, steadiness, stillness
yi3 J2932 01h 16d (in, of, to) become; (make) use, apply (ing) (of)
jiu3 1188 07a 16r enduring, lasting, continuous (ly)
dong4 ƶ6611 05h 40a active(ity), energetic(gy), excited(ment)
zhi1 !0935 01e 17a (to) arrive/(be)come/reach (ing) ^ at/to/towards
xu2 ƌ2841 15t F v gradually, slowly, calmly, by degrees v
sheng1 n5738 02e 25b creation, life, quickness, vitality; alive, vital?
15 v bao3 ij4946 09d 62c ^ protect, preserve, guard, maintain, hold (s)
ci3 6972 01k 19g ^ this
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 16q ^ way, path, course; principle, process, truth
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 19g one(s)/those who, whoever vvv
15 w bu4 5379 02d 15x & do(es) not; & have no, lack; without, with no
yu4 ǚ7671 01g 19j appetite, crave, desire, long (ing); passion for
ying2 Ť7474 04b 15x (more than, over-) full(ness), satiety, to -flow
15 x fu1 21908 02q 16e now, then ^ as; (it is) ^ when; ^ one, those
wei2 Ʒ7064 02q 20b inasmuch, insofar v; only v; } because v
bu4 5379 02d 15y ^ is avoided; do(es) not/without; there is no
ying2 Ť7474 04b 22c (more than, over-) full(ness), satiety, -flow (v)
15 y gu4 Ő3455 01g 19h that (accordingly); (one, they, it is; ^) then, thus
neng2 ơ4648 07b 22r can (v); is/are able, enabled; (it is) v possible
bi4 ʱ5101 66+8 22d (to) wear out, stay obscure, keep out of view
bu4 5379 02d 16k without; & avoid, escape, be free from; & not
xin1 ɔ2737 69+9 22d (the) modern, new, latest, novel; begin to
cheng2 ˜0379 02f 17h achieve, accomplish (ments)*; be perfect, done
16 a zhi4 ū0984 10c 39h (to) attain, reach; cultivate, develop (ing)
xu1 ȯ2821 03h 22t ^ openness, emptiness, void; humility
ji2 ɕ0484 75+8 28 l (a, the) complete, optimum, perfect, ultimate v
16 b shou3 “5844 05j 28b hold, keep, maintain, observe, remain, stay
jing4 ˗1154 15t 16g calm, still (ness); patient(nce), serene(ity)
du3 ˌ6514 118+10 HL & sincere, reliable (ity); genuine, steadfast
78
16 c wan4 ɛ7030 01f 26g (a, the) myriad, ten thousand; all
wu4 Ĝ7209 01f 16e beings, creatures, entities, things; of creation
bing4 ã5292 1+7 HL ^ together, united, as one, in unison/concert
zuo4 ¯6780 02m 16 l appear, arise, become, develop, flourish (s) v
16 d wu2 µ7188 04k 21p (^) I, we
yi3 J2932 01h 19g by/through/using/with this; thereby, thus (v)
guan1 ̠3575 01h 26e contemplate, observe, perceive, view, watch
fu4 ȍ1992 14 l 16f (a, the) return(ing); recur(rence, ring); renewal
16 e fu1 21908 02q 22q as/of/now/when/with the, these, those
wu4 Ĝ7209 01f 21c beings, creatures, entities, things
yun2 ħ7749 140+4 16e (in) numberless; (so) many; (so) numerous
yun2 ħ7749 16e F plenty, multitudes; in number; & plentiful
16 f ge4 †3368 30+3 61n each (one) (alone, individually, separately)
fu4 ȍ1992 14 l 16h come/turn around/back; return (s, ing)
gui1 ˬ3617 14 l 16g home (again), around; & return (s, ing)
qi2 ì0525 01h 17b at/for/in/to its/their (own)/the/this
gen1 Ɛ3328 06d 16g source, origin, root, radix; basis, foundation
16 g gui1 ˬ3617 14 l 20n return, come/turn back/home to
gen1 Ɛ3328 06d 26a (the) source, origin, root; basis, foundation
yue1 >7694 14b 16i speaks, tells of; means, refers to; (is) called
jing4 ˗1154 15t 26b calm, stillness, patience, serenity, tranquility
16 h shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 21b it/this/such is/may be ^ this; it/this
wei4 ˓7079 01m 17i called, styled, known as; call v; describes
fu4 ȍ1992 14 l 16i (a, the) return; coming/turning around/back
ming4 ô4537 30+5 16i (to) life, destiny; (a) higher order/law/purpose
16 i fu4 ȍ1992 14 l 19d (a, the) return; coming/turning around/back
ming4 ô4537 16h 51i (to) life, destiny; (a) higher order/law/purpose
yue1 >7694 14b 16j speaks, tells of; means, refers to; (is) called
chang2 DŽ0221 01b 16j (the) perpetual; continuous, lasting, enduring
16 j zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 16k (to) comprehend, know, understand (ing) 55m
chang2 DŽ0221 01b 16k (the) perpetual; continuous, lasting, enduring “
yue1 >7694 14b 24h speaks, tells of; means, refers to; (is) called “
ming2 ď4534 10k 22j clarity, enlightenment, lucidity, (clear) wisdom “
16 k bu4 5379 02d 16s (to) not, never; fail(ure, ing) (to)
zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 16m (to) comprehend, know, understand (ing)
chang2 DŽ0221 01b 16m (the) perpetual; continuous, lasting, enduring
16 l wang4 Ž7035 38+3 HL (is to) reckless, rash, foolish, ignorant (ly)
zuo4 ¯6780 02m 37e create, generate, produce, manifest, stir up (s)
xiong1 ,2808 17+2 30f misfortune, trouble, adversity, suffering

79
16m zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 17a (to) comprehend, know, understand (ing
chang2 DŽ0221 01b 27i (the) perpetual; continuous, lasting, enduring
rong2 Ƈ7560 15e 16n (is, means) endurance, tolerance, forbearance
16 n rong2 Ƈ7560 15e 21a endurance, tolerance, forbearance; embracing
nai3 4612 4+1 16o becomes, brings, precedes, leads to; &/is then
gong1 +3701 12+2 16o fair(ness), just(ice), impartial(ity); noble(ility)
16 o gong1 +3701 16n 42i fairness, justice, impartiality, objectivity
nai3 4612 16n 16p becomes, brings, precedes, leads to; &/is then
wang2 F7037 96+0 16p command, dominion, royal(ty), sovereign(ty)
16 p wang2 F7037 16o 25o command, dominion, royalty, sovereignty
nai3 4612 16n 16q becomes, brings, precedes, leads to; &/is then
tian1 16361 01e 16q (the) celestial, heavenly; imperial
16 q tian1 16361 01e 22h (the) celestial, heavenly; imperial
nai3 4612 16n 16r becomes, brings, precedes, leads to; &/is then
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 16r (the) way, path, course; process, truth; nature
16 r dao4 ɰ6136 01a 18a (the) way, path, course; process, truth; nature
nai3 4612 16n 28q becomes, brings, precedes, leads to; &/is then
jiu3 1188 07a 23f (the) (long-) lasting; continuous; survival (ing)
16 s mo4 Ï4555 85+4 52g (the) death, mortality, end, disappearance 52g
shen1 ß5718 07e 26h (of) (a, the) being, individual, person, self “
bu4 5379 02d 17e is not, never, rarely, seldom; is little, nothing “
dai4 ś5990 78+5 25e (a, the) danger, peril; end, limit(ation); to fear “
17 a tai4 36020 37+1 20j (of) (the) (very) great(est), ultimate; most
shang4 5669 08a 31i leader, superior, elite (s); eminent, exalted
xia4 2520 02a 22h subjects, subordinates; those below; little, less
zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 21p (may) know, (are, may be) aware; is known
you3 ›7533 01f 17f ^ being, existence, presence; ^ exist; (are) there
zhi1 !0935 01e 17b about/of one’s/their v; (that) these, they v
17 b qi2 ì0525 01h 17c the, those, others; (the) one(s)
ci4 œ6980 76+2 17c next (in order); further down; less than this
qin1 ˏ1107 147+9 18e (is/are) (^) (be)loved, cherished, held dear, close
er2 £1756 01 l 20p (^) and (also, so, then, thus)
yu4 ̓7617 149+14 HL (^) praised, honored, admired, respected
zhi1 !0935 01e 17c by them; are, (will) come to be, will be (vvv)
17 c qi2 ì0525 01h 17d the, those, others; (the) one(s)
ci4 œ6980 17b 17d next (in order); further down; less than this
wei4 š7069 15i 20f (is/are) (^) dreaded, feared
zhi1 !0935 01e 17d by them; are, (will) come to be, will be (v)

80
17 d qi2 ì0525 01h 17g the, those, others; (the) one(s)
ci4 œ6980 17b F next (in order); furthest/lowest down; least
wu3 ĵ7194 9+7 HL (is/are)(^) ridicule, revile, despise, scorn (ed)
zhi1 !0935 01e 20b by them; are, (will) come to be, will be (v)
17 e xin4 ı2748 08i 17f (if) belief, confidence, promise, trust, truth 23r
bu4 5379 02d 17f has no; lacks, is without; is not, less than, is in- “
zu2 Þ6824 157+0 19g basis, foundation; complete, enough, sufficient “
yan1 Ǥ7330 02m 17f here, herein, now, within, in/from this/them “
17 f you3 ›7533 01f 18b (then) there arises/exists/is/was/will be 23s
bu4 5379 02d 18e no; a lack/want of; nothing of; not much “
xin4 ı2748 08i 21 l belief, confidence, promise, trust, truth “
yan1 Ǥ7330 02m 23r here, herein, now, within, in this/them; at all “
17 g you2 ɘ7530 94+9 HL plan/deliberate; be deliberate/careful/prudent/wise
xi1 *2414 04c 20h (how, so) v !; ...-; here, indeed
qi2 ì0525 01h 20h such/there/this is/are; they will
gui4 ȶ3636 03c 20* (a, the) benefit, importance, value, worth (s)
yan2 Ú7334 02 l 22t (in, of, to, by) idea(s), language, speech, words
17 h gong1 Q3698 02p 22n ^(the) achieve, accomplish (ment); task, work
cheng2 ˜0379 02f 25a complete, finish, achieve, accomplish v
shi4 ä5787 02k 23h (&) ^ (the) affair, endeavor, matter, task, work
sui4 ɱ5530 09i 34d succeed, complete, follow through (in/with) v
17 i bai3 ¡4976 05d 19b (the) hundred, common; all of the; ^
xing4 û2770 05d 49b families, clans; people; } society
jie1 ţ0620 02a 20o all, every one (of vv); (al)together, as one
wei4 ˓7079 01m 22s (will) claim, cry, declare, exclaim, say (s)
wo3 Å4778 62+3 20 l “(it/this is/was) our
zi4 ¦6960 07c 21m (by/of/through v) inherent, natural; own, self-
ran2 Ȣ3072 86+8 23a course, nature, truth, way; light, flame (s)”
18 a da4 5943 13b 18d (if, when, where) (the) great, whole, overall
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 21b way, path, road, course; principle, truth (is)
fei4 ʢ1848 53+12 36e abandoned, dismissed, forgotten, turned from
18 b you3 ›7533 01f 18d there are/appear/arise; there will/come to be
ren2 $3099 05a 19c benevolence, charity, humanity, selflessness
yi4 ɟ3002 123+7 19c & righteousness, morality, principle, justice
18 c hui4 ʥ2333 61+11 HL (when) knowledge, learning; (the) learned
zhi4 ș0933 03m 19a & ingenuity; (the) clever; sophists, intellectuals
chu1 O1409 01k 35g appear, arise, emerge, come out/forth
18 d you3 ›7533 01f 18f there is/appears/arises; there will/comes to be
da4 5943 13b 25i (a, the) great, grand, big, complete, vast; much
wei4 Ƴ7060 9+12 HL falseness, hypocrisy, duplicity, pretense (s)
81
18 e liu4 )4189 12+2 HL (when) (the) six
qin1 ˏ1107 17b 44a (familial) relations(hips); bonds of kinship
bu4 5379 02d 19g have no; are without/out of; lack, want (for)
he2 ò2115 02i 42f accord, balance, concert, harmony, resonance
18 f you3 ›7533 01f 18h there are/ appear/arise; there will/come to be
xiao4 ¿2601 39+4 19d filial(ity) piety/obedience; obedient children
ci2 Ɏ6965 61+10 19d & parental affection, devotion(-ed); parents
18 g guo2 Ƹ3738 10g 36 l (when) country, domain(inion), realm (s)
jia1 Ɔ0594 40+7 54f & (the) (ruling) clans, families, households
hun1 Đ2359 72+4 20t (are in) chaos, turmoil; darkness, gloom
luan4 Ƀ4220 03f 38p & disorder, disarray, distraction, confusion
18 h you3 ›7533 01f 19f there are/ appear/arise; there will/come to be
zhong1 Ć1506 61+4 38o loyalty, patriotism; loyalists, patriots; loyal
chen2 ¥0327 131+0 32c (&) (public) service, duty; servants, subjects
19 a jue2 Ȭ1703 120+6 19c discontinue; cut off/out/through; excise
sheng4 ɠ5753 02k 22g holiness, piety, sagacity, sanctimony, wisdom
qi4 Ǚ0550 75+8 19c abandon, forsake, reject, renounce, repudiate
zhi4 ș0933 03m 27q cleverness, knowledge, learning, sophistication
19 b min2 i4508 03b 19d (&) humanity; (the) multitude, others, people
li4 ´3867 08b 19e (will) benefit, gain, harvest, profit, reap (s)
bai3 ¡4976 05d 49b (a, an) hundred
bei4 Ż5000 9+8 HL -fold; times over
19 c jue2 Ȭ1703 19a 19e discontinue; cut off/out/short; sever ties with
ren2 $3099 05a 38g benevolence, charity, humanity, selflessness
qi4 Ǚ0550 19a 19e abandon, forsake, reject, renounce, throw off
yi4 ɟ3002 18b 38h righteousness, morality, principle, justice
19 d min2 i4508 03b 32h (&) humanity; (the) multitude, others, people
fu4 ȍ1992 14 l 28f (will) return, come back to, recover, revive
xiao4 ¿2601 18f F filial piety/obedience/respect/honor
ci2 Ɏ6965 18f 67j & parental affection/devotion/forbearance
19 e jue2 Ȭ1703 19a 20a discontinue; cut off/out/short; sever ties with
qiao3 ]0743 48+2 45f clever, artful, skillful, ingenious (ness)
qi4 Ǚ0550 19a 27j abandon, forsake, reject, renounce, throw off
li4 ´3867 08b 36 l advantage, benefit, gain, profit, reward, worth (s)
19 f dao4 Ȧ6138 03d 53m (&, then) robbers, bandits, pirates, plunderers
zei2 ɪ6752 154+6 57m & thieves, burglars, cheats, looters
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 20a (will) not/no longer; dis-; have nothing
you3 ›7533 01f 19h appear, arise, exist; -appear; to claim, gain, take

82
19 g ci3 6972 01k 21q these; this
san1
5415 11a 42c three; threesome, triad, trinity, trio
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 22s is/are/may (be); (may) imply, indicate, suggest
yi3 J2932 01h 20y useful in; serve; help; how, (a) ways/means
wei2 ş7059 02a 21c (to) develop, improve, manage, restore (ing)
wen2 ;7129 67+0 53i (a, the) culture, civilization; refinement, style
bu4 5379 02d 20g (but) (they) (are) no/not; lack, need, want; in-
zu2 Þ6824 17e 23r (a, the) basis, foundation; complete, sufficient
19 h gu4 Ő3455 01g 22j (and) so; therefore, thus, hence, then
ling4 M4043 12a 32h cause; let; to insure that; it is good that
you3 ›7533 01f 20o there (to) be, exist; there is/will be
suo3 Ĉ5465 07b 20f (a) cause, function, purpose/something to
shu3 ̏5896 44+18 HL serve; belong to; build/depend/rely (up)on
19 i jian4 Ø0860 03e 22i see, witness, look at/to; appear; manifest, show
su4 Ɲ5490 120+4 HL (the) ordinary, simple, plain, coarse (ness)
bao4 ċ4938 10a 22g & accept, cherish, embrace; protect, guard
pu3 ˅5354 15o 28r (the) original nature/simplicity; artlessness
19 j shao3 55675 42+1 22e shrink, diminish, pare, abate; slight, reduce
si1 Õ5569 07i F self-interest, selfishness, partiality; (the) self
gua3 ɽ3517 40+11 39q & have fewer; less(en); reduce [numbers of]
yu4 ǚ7671 01g 29a (the) appetite, craving, desire, longing (s)
20 a jue2 Ȭ1703 19a F discontinue; cut off/out/short; sever ties with
xue2 ˂2780 39+13 48a (the) academic(s); doctrine, study, learning
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 20n & avoid; have no; rather than; without, with no
you1 ʦ7508 61+11 HL (the) grieve(f), worry (ing); anxiety; sorrow (s)
20 b wei2 Ʒ7064 02q 22q (a, the) (simple, definite, ready) yes
zhi1 !0935 01e 20d ^ of/to/with the/that
yu3 ʕ7615 08h 20d compared; in relation; alongside, next v
a1 ĭ0001 170+5 HL (formal, flattering, obsequious, toady’s) yea
20 c xiang1 ť2562 02e 20e ^^ to/from each/one (an)other; between them
qu4 R1594 02r 20e ^ far (apart); departure, distance, separation
ji1 Ȍ0409 08e 64q ^ (or) near; nearness, proximity, connection v
he2 ¬2109 13c 20e how (much); what (is the) v ?
20 d shan4 ȭ5657 02c 27a (even) (the) apt, good, admirable, virtuous, worthy
zhi1 !0935 01e 20f ^ of/to/with the/that
yu3 ʕ7615 08h 22r compared; in relation; alongside, next v
e4 ȏ4809 02b 24i (the) bad, vile, offensive, depraved, wrong

83
20 e xiang1 ť2562 02e 32f ^^ to/from each/one (an)other; between them
qu4 R1594 02r 21n ^ far (apart); departure, difference, separation
ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 20n ^ (or) (a)like(ness), similar(ity), agreement v
he2 ¬2109 13c 21p how (much); what (is the) v ?
20 f ren2 3097 02k 20i (that) ^ (a, the) folk, other(s) people, society
zhi1 !0935 01e 20m ^ has/have (come to); hold(s) in, regard(s) with
suo3 Ĉ5465 07b 20n what(so)(ever), that which vv
wei4 š7069 15i 20g (hold in) awe, revere(nce); respect; dread, fear
20 g bu4 5379 02d 20g (is) not, un-, ill-, never, seldom; does/will not
ke3 S3381 01a 25f fit, good, suited to; admit, allow, invite, permit
bu4 5379 02d 21n to not; (for) less than, (a) lack/absence of
wei4 š7069 15i 53c (hold in) awe, revere(nce); respect; dread, fear
20 h huang1 ƣ2271 140+6 HL barren; waste, nonsense; absurd, vacuous
xi1 *2414 04c 20 l (how, so) v !; (such/what)(a) v (-ity, -ness) !; -
qi2 ì0525 01h 20 l (as, for) it, this, such; there (^) be/is (^ to it/this)
wei4 e7114 75+1 20 l has no; not; (still) no; (will) (v) never (v) (an)
yang1 [7239 37+2 HL (a) close, end (v); (be) finish; center, balance (d)
zai1 ļ6650 30+6 20q (how, so) !; at all, ever ! ; will vvv ?
20 i zhong4 Ǫ1517 01o 20o all, the rest (of)(the); every- ^ (else); ^ (the)
ren2 3097 02k 20o others, people; v -one, -body (v); } crowd
xi1 ʈ2451 86+9 20i (is/are) splendid, resplendent, glorious, bright
xi1 ʈ2451 20i F & bright; busy, energetic; festive, cheerful
20 j ru2 3137 05j 20k as if/though; like; might as well be
xiang3 å2552 8+6 HL feasting on/at; enjoying (a/the) tai lao feast
tai4 36020 17a 35d (a, the) great; [a feast with larger animals
lao2 Ð3824 93+3 HL sacrifices(ial); beasts; oxen, calves, sheep, pigs]
20 k ru2 3137 05j 20m (or) as if/though; like; might as well be
chun1 œ1493 72+5 HL (a, in) (the) spring(time) (&); vernal
deng1 Ȥ6167 105+7 HL ascend, mount (ing); ascent of; climb(ing) up
tai2 ʔ6016 133+8 64i (a, the) (watch)tower, terrace, observatory (s)
20 l wo3 Å4778 17i 20p (^) I
du2 ˊ6512 94+13 20p alone (am); only v am
bo2 Ě4987 85+5 HL calm, placid, quiet, unmoved, tranquil, moored
xi1 *2414 04c 20n (so) v !; ...-; here, indeed
qi2 ì0525 01h 20w having; (some)one/body (having, who has)
wei4 e7114 20h 20m not yet; yet to; (with) still/as yet no/not
zhao4 }0247 10+4 64b (give) (a) sign, omen, portent; begin(ning, -un)

84
20m ru2 3137 05j 39u (much) as, like; as if; might as well be
ying1 ˘7457 10d 28f (a, an, the) baby, infant, newborn 28f
er2 é1759 10d 28f child, infant, baby, babe “
zhi1 !0935 01e 20q (who) has; being, having; one
wei4 e7114 20h 55g not yet; yet to; (with) still/as yet no/not
hai2 ŀ2005 39+6 49m laugh(ed), giggle(d); smile(d) [esp. childrens’]
20 n lei4 ̼4232 9+21 20n worn (out); exhausted, weary, tired, lazy
lei4 ̼4232 20n F & weary; worn, forlorn, apathetic, fatigued
xi1 *2414 04c 20r (how, so) vv !; (such, what) v -ness !; -; indeed
ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 20p as if/though; seeming to; as/like one
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 20x have(ing) no; without, with no; with no-
suo3 Ĉ5465 07b 22s (a) home, place, position, purpose; -where
gui1 ˬ3617 14 l 22u to return/belong, come/turn back/home to
20 o zhong4 Ǫ1517 01o 20y all, the rest (of)(the); every- ^ (else); ^ (the)
ren2 3097 02k 20q others, people; v -one, -body v); } crowd
jie1 ţ0620 02a 20y all; each; else
you3 ›7533 01f 20y claim, get, has, have, possess, take (s) (a, an)
yu2 ʾ7608 184+7 24h abundance, extra, more than enough, surplus
20 p er2 £1756 01 l 20z and, when, while; but, yet
wo3 Å4778 17i 20q (^) I
du2 ˊ6512 20 l 20t alone; only v
ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 20w appear, look, seem (to be/have been)
yi2 ˕2995 09h 52r left behind/out; abandoned, forsaken, lost
20 q wo3 Å4778 17i 20t (with; just, only, such is/are) my
yu2 ɍ7624 61+9 38r (a) witless, doltish, ignorant; simple(-); ^
ren2 3097 02k 20s character, one, person; -ton; } fool
zhi1 !0935 01e 21a ...’s; ^ of vv
xin1 82735 03f 49a heart, mind; emotion, feeling, idea, thought (s)
ye3 7312 03m 24g with; just, only; such is/are; indeed
zai1 ļ6650 20h 21p (how, so, what) !
20 r dun4 Í6595 85+4 20r confused, chaotic, muddled, turbid, unclear
dun4 Í6595 20r F & turbid, unclear, confused, chaotic, muddled
xi1 *2414 04c 20w (how, so) v !; (such, what) v -ity, -ness !; -
20 s su2 Ĵ5497 9+7 20u (the) common, ordinary, vulgar, worldly, lay
ren2 3097 02k 20u citizens, folk, ones, people, persons
zhao1 Ŕ0236 72+4 20s (are) bright, sunny, light, open, luminous
zhao1 Ŕ0236 20s F & bright, sunny, light, open, cheerful, showy

85
20 t wo3 Å4778 17i 20v (^) I
du2 ˊ6512 20 l 20v alone (am); only v am
hun1 Đ2359 18g 20t in chaos/turmoil; dim, dark, muddled, gloomy
hun1 Đ2359 18g 57i & confused(ion), gloom(y); dim, dark, muddled
20 u su2 Ĵ5497 20s 80o (the) common, ordinary, vulgar, worldly, lay
ren2 3097 02k 20y citizens, folk, ones, people, persons
cha2 ʀ0111 40+11 20u (are) alert, astute, inquisitive, observant 58c
cha2 ʀ0111 20u 58c & astute, exacting, sharp, keen, perceptive “
20 v wo3 Å4778 17i 20z (^) I
du2 ˊ6512 20 l 20z alone (am); only v am
men4 ȑ4420 61+8 20v mum, drowsy, dull, torpid, subdued 58a
men4 ȑ4420 20v 58a & blunt, dim, listless, muted, preoccupied “
20 w dan4 ˈ6045 85+13 HL tranquil, placid, content, quiet; dull, insipid
xi1 *2414 04c 20x (how, so) v !; (such, what) v -ity, -ness !; -
qi2 ì0525 01h 21f (as) some(one/body/thing) (who is); in this
ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 20x (much) as/like; resembling; in sympathy with
hai3 Ɠ2014 85+7 32n (a, an, the) sea, ocean
20 x liu2 ̺3967 182+11 HL steady, constant, restless, endless (a) wind
xi1 *2414 04c 21e (how, so) v !; (such, what) v -ness !; -; indeed
ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 32d as if/though; apparently, seeming(ly)
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 24e not, never; without, with no; -less; un-
zhi3 @0939 77+0 32k to stop, pause, keep/hold still; rest; end (ing)
20 y zhong4 Ǫ1517 01o 21o all, the rest (of)(the); every- ^ (else); ^ (the)
ren2 3097 02k 20* others, people; v-body, -one (v); } crowd
jie1 ţ0620 02a 49 l all; each; else
you3 ›7533 01f 21f claim, get, has, have, hold, own, possess (s)
yi3 J2932 01h 21o (a) intention, purpose, reason, use (s, fulness)
20 z er2 £1756 01 l 20* and, when, while; but, yet
wo3 Å4778 17i 20* (^) I
du2 ˊ6512 20 l 20* alone (am); only v am
wan2 ɵ7010 181+4 HL wayward, unruly, stubborn; playful, foolish
si4 ®5593 04d 67b as, like; as if/though; resembling; akin to
bi3 ʜ5095 163+11 HL (a, the) rustic, peasant, bumpkin, yokel, vulgar
20 * wo3 Å4778 17i 42m (^) I
du2 ˊ6512 20 l 25d alone (am); only v am
yi4 ǧ3009 01 l F differ(ent), other, separate, unique; diverge
yu2 Č7643 08e 20* from, than, to; among, with; with respect to
ren2 3097 02k 22g (the) folk, others, (other) people, society

86
20 * er2 £1756 01 l 22u and (still); in, while; merely, simply
gui4 ȶ3636 03c 27p favor, honor, prize, treasure, value, enjoy (ing)
shi2 Ÿ5810 184+0 24h (the) (^) food, sustenance, nourishment; meals
mu3 h4582 01f 25f (of, from) (the) mother, matrix, maternal (‘s v)
21 a kong3 43720 39+1 HL great, important, complete, true; (the) greater
de2 ʤ6162 10q 23j character, virtue; nature; fitness, power
zhi1 !0935 01e 21c ...’s; ^ of vv; has/will have/hold(s) the/this
rong2 Ƈ7560 15e 50m (the) attitude, bearing, approach, expression
21 b wei2 ǎ7066 61+8 21d (is)(to) merely, only, simply (consider)(s)
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 21c ^ (^) way, path, road, course; principle, truth
shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 22g ^ (a, the) correct, right, sure, true (ly); this (v)
cong2 NJ6919 60+8 23h (to) follow, track, trace, attend (ing) vv
21 c dao4 ɰ6136 01a 23h (if, when) (the) way; principle, process, truth
zhi1 !0935 01e 21p (is) considered, held, regarded; comes; as to v
wei2 ş7059 02a 22h as (being); to be; being (considered, taken as)
wu4 Ĝ7209 01f 21h (a) being, creature, entity, item, object, thing
21 d wei2 ǎ7066 21b 21d (it) (is) merely, only, but; entirely, utterly
huang3 ň2276 14o 21e (the) elusive, evasive, faint; flurried, mad, wild 14o
wei2 ǎ7066 21b F (it) (is) merely, only, simply, but; entirely
hu1 Ǐ2196 14o 21e (the) mysterious, indistinct, obscure, vague, dim”
21 e hu1 Ǐ2196 14o 21g mysterious, indistinct, obscure, vague
xi1 *2414 04c 21e (how, so) v !; (such, what) v -ity, -ness !; -
huang3 ň2276 14o 21g elusive, evasive; flurried, mad, wild; confusing
xi1 *2414 04c 21g (&)(how, so) v !; (such, what) v -ness !; -
21 f qi2 ì0525 01h 21h (but); (and) (yet) at/by/in its; its; ^ it, this
zhong1 1504 05j 21h balance, center, core, midst; inside, within v
you3 ›7533 01f 21h (there) appears/arises/exists/is/are/will be; holds
xiang4 ȳ2568 04 l 35a (a, an) image, pattern, shape, configuration (s)
21 g huang3 ň2276 14o F elusive, evasive; flurried, mad, wild; confusing
xi1 *2414 04c 21g (how, so) v !; (such, what) v -ness !; -
hu1 Ǐ2196 14o F mysterious, indistinct, obscure, vague
xi1 *2414 04c 21i (&)(how, so) v !; (such, what) v -ity, -ness !; -
21 h qi2 ì0525 01h 21j (but); (and) (yet) at/by/in its; its; ^ it, this
zhong1 1504 05j 21j balance, center, core, midst; inside, within v
you3 ›7533 01f 21j (there) appears/arises/exists/is/are/will be; holds
wu4 Ĝ7209 01f 24i being, creature, entity; reality, substance (s)
21 i yao3 ƛ7274 116+5 HL obscure, hidden, arcane; secluded, withdrawn
xi1 *2414 04c 21i (how, so) v !; (such, what) v -ity, -ness !; -
ming2 ƀ4528 14+8 HL shadowy, dim, dusky, murky; profound, deep
xi1 *2414 04c 25c (&) (how, so) v !; (such, what) v -ity, -ness !; -
87
21 j qi2 ì0525 01h 21k (but); (and) (yet) at/by/in its; its; ^ it, this
zhong1 1504 05j 21 l balance, center, core, midst; inside, within v
you3 ›7533 01f 21 l (there) appears/arises/exists/is/are/will be; holds
jing1 ʏ1149 119+8 21k (a, the)(pure, subtle) essence(tial); spirit, seed
21 k qi2 ì0525 01h 21 l the, this, such; its
jing1 ʏ1149 21j 55i (pure, refined, subtle) essence(tial); spirit, seed
shen4 Š5724 99+4 29k (is) (the) most, very; extremely, profoundly
zhen1 ƙ0297 109+5 41p true, real, authentic, genuine, substantial
21 l qi2 ì0525 01h 21n at/by/in its; its; ^ it, this
zhong1 1504 05j 25p balance, center, core, midst; inside, within v
you3 ›7533 01f 22n (there) appears/arises/exists/is/are/will be; holds
xin4 ı2748 08i 23r cogency, evidence; (a) truth; assurance, promise
21m zi4 ¦6960 07c 22i beginning/originating/starting in/from/with
jin1 &1053 14s 67p (the) present (day, time); now; (to-/this)day
ji2 /0468 13k 43g (&) (extending, reaching) until, (back) to, into
gu3 T3447 14r 22s antiquity; (the) ancient/classical/old(en) times
21 n qi2 ì0525 01h 24g the, this, such; its
ming2 ‡4524 01c 25g definition, distinction, meaning, name, term
bu4 5379 02d 22i is/has not/never; is un-; does not
qu4 R1594 02r 29k abate, depart, diminish, fade, stop (ed); spent
21 o yi3 J2932 01h 21p by/through/with/using this; thereby, thus
yue4 ʼ7703 169+7 HL (is) see, examine, study, learn, observe (d)
zhong4 Ǫ1517 01o 21p (^) (of) all, everything(’s); (a, the) common
fu3 Ó1942 101+2 21p (the) ancestry, beginning, father, lineage (v)
21 p wu2 µ7188 04k 25g (now, so) ^ (am) I, we 54s
he2 ¬2109 13c 26g how are/do v; is it ; ^ what ^ do “
yi3 J2932 01h 21q to; ^ that v; by v means/instrument v “
zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 25g know, perceive, understand, recognize “
zhong4 Ǫ1517 01o 31s (^) (of) all, everything(’s); (the) common
fu3 Ó1942 21o F (the) ancestry, beginning, father, lineage (v)
zhi1 !0935 01e 22r ...’s; ^ of, for, to vv
zhuang4 ĝ1452 14m F form, shape; state, condition, circumstance (s)
zai1 ļ6650 20h 22t is thus?; here ?; (now, so) ?; indeed, in fact? 54s
21 q yi3 J2932 01h 22g by, through, using, with; consider 54t
ci3 6972 01k 23d this, This “
22 a qu1 š1623 73+2 22s (the) bent, humbled; yield, accommodate (ing)
ze2 ķ6746 03o 22b becomes, implies, leads to, precedes; (&) then
quan2 1666 11+4 22s (the) intact, complete, perfect, whole, full

88
22 b wang3 ē7040 75+4 HL (the) crooked, distorted, bent, pointless
ze2 ķ6746 03o 22c becomes, implies, leads to, precedes; (&) then
zhi2 ġ1006 109+3 45e (the) straight, direct, upright, to the point
22 c wa1 ʍ6992 116+9 HL (the) hollow, empty, sunken, low [ground]
ze2 ķ6746 03o 22d becomes, implies, leads to, precedes; (&) then
ying2 Ť7474 04b 39e (the) filled, full, overflowing, replenished, sated
22 d bi4 ǒ5101 15y F (the) poor, old, tattered, ragged; tired, worn(out)
ze2 ķ6746 03o 22e becomes, implies, leads to, precedes; (&) then
xin1 ɔ2737 15y F (the) (re)fresh/new(ed); restored, recent
22 e shao3 55675 19j 47f (the) scarce, sparing, diminished, short, slight
ze2 ķ6746 03o 22f becomes, implies, leads to, precedes; (&) then
de2 Lj6161 03c 23m (the) endowed, attained; gainful, satisfying
22 f duo1 ‹6416 05i 44b (the) (too) many, much; numerous, plentiful
ze2 ķ6746 03o 22s becomes, implies, leads to, precedes; (&) then
huo4 Ȏ2403 61+8 HL (the) doubtful, confused, deluded, beguiled
22 g shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 22k this is; (&) so it is; ^ this; ^
yi3 J2932 01h 25f why; that; applying v; } therefore, hence
sheng4 ɠ5753 02k 27h (a, the) perceptive, sagely, wise; ^ (a, the)
ren2 3097 02k 23g individual, one, person (s); people; } sage(s)
bao4 ċ4938 10a 42e accept, adopt, attend, embrace; guard (s)
yi1
3016 10a 25q integrity, union, unity; (the) one, whole (ness)
22 h wei2 ş7059 02a 23d adopt, assume, consider, construe, take (ing)(as)
tian1 16361 01e 22r (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 22r below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
shi4 –5817 56+3 28i (as) (the) example, model, pattern, paradigm
22 i bu4 5379 02d 22k (do/will) not, without, never, rarely, seldom 24
zi4 ¦6960 07c 22k ^ selves, themselves, their own; self- sim
jian4 Ø0860 03e 24c show, display, exhibit; see, view (ing) (v) v
22 j gu4 Ő3455 01g 22 l (and) so; therefore, thus, hence, consequently
ming2 ď4534 10k 24c (are) bright, clear, enlightened, lucid, evident
22 k bu4 5379 02d 22m (are/do/will) not, without, never, rarely, seldom
zi4 ¦6960 07c 22m ^ in/of self, themselves, their own; self-;
shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 24d certain(ty, ify), sure v; righteous(ness)
22 l gu4 Ő3455 01g 22n (and) so; therefore, thus, hence, consequently
zhang1 ʂ0185 59+11 24d (are) manifest, realized, distinguished, evident
22m bu4 5379 02d 22o (do/will) not, without, never, rarely, seldom
zi4 ¦6960 07c 22o ^ selves, themselves, their own; self-
fa1 y1765 9+4 24e assert, force (ing) v; assert, aggress (ion)

89
22 n gu4 Ő3455 01g 22p (and) so; therefore, thus, hence, consequently
you3 ›7533 01f 23s acquire, achieve, earn, gain, get, have (ing)
gong1 Q3698 02p 24e achievements, accomplishments, results; merit
22 o bu4 5379 02d 22q (do/will) not, without, never, rarely, seldom
zi4 ¦6960 07c 23a ^ selves, themselves, their own; self-
jin1 Ŧ1115 110+4 24f esteem, dignify, glorify, venerate (ing, ation) ^
22 p gu4 Ő3455 01g 22r (and) so; therefore, thus, hence, conseqently ^
chang2 ī0213 02g 24f develop, endure, excel, grow, last (ing) sim24
22 q fu1 21908 02q 31a now, then (it is)^ as; (it is) ^ when; ^ 08m
wei2 Ʒ7064 02q 41v inasmuch, insofar v; only v; } because “
bu4 5379 02d 23b there is no; ^ is avoided, lacking 66m
zheng1 ě0365 03b 22r argument, contention, conflict, strife (v) “
22 r gu4 Ő3455 01g 23b that, so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly 66n
tian1 16361 01e 23e ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^(in) nature; (the) “
xia4 2520 02a 25f below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom “
mo4 Dz4557 09f 32c nobody, none, no/not one (who); nothing “
neng2 ơ4648 07b 23f can; (is/are) able, enabled, competent, fit to “
yu3 ʕ7615 08h 35e ^ (along) with; against; with ^ help “
zhi1 !0935 01e 22s ^ this, them, such (as)these; v one’s, their v “
zheng1 ě0365 03b 66m (to) argue, conflict, contend, dispute, strive v “
22 s gu3 T3447 14r 62m (^) (the) ancient(s), old (ones); of antiquity, old
zhi1 !0935 01e 22u ...s’; had, held (their)(v)
suo3 Ĉ5465 07b 30d (the) cause, purpose, reason (s) (for, in, of, to)
wei4 ˓7079 01m 27m (ex)claim, comment, declare, say, state (ing)
qu1 š1623 22a F “(the) bent, curved; yield, accommodate (ing)
ze2 ķ6746 03o 26i becomes, implies, leads to, precedes; (&) then
quan2 1666 22a 22u (the) intact, complete, perfect, whole, full”
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 23d one(s)/those vvv; what is/are/was/were vvv
22 t qi3 Ƨ0544 151+3 HL (now, so) are/were these; is this; could this be
xu1 ȯ2821 03h 53h (just) empty, hollow, idle, useless, vain
yan2 Ú7334 02 l 23a chatter, ideas, opinion, speech, talk, words
zai1 ļ6650 20h 53n ?; here, now ?; (now, so) vvv ?
22 u cheng2 ɩ0381 149+7 HL (^)(^ is) real, honest, true, complete, sincere (ly)
quan2 1666 22a F ^ complete(ion), perfect(ion); full, whole(nessv)
er2 £1756 01 l 23g if/when/where/with vv so, then, thus
gui1 ˬ3617 14 l 28f ^ returned, come home; restored
zhi1 !0935 01e 23m one becomes/comes to be/has/has been/is v

90
23 a xi1 À2416 14d 41s brief, few, rare(ly), spare(ing), sparse; ^ seldom
yan2 Ú7334 02 l 27b (are) (the) speeches, words; ^ speaks, talks
zi4 ¦6960 07c 24 of/from; ^ inherent, natural, spontaneous (ly) ^
ran2 Ȣ3072 17i 25u nature, reality; the/what/that which is v (so)
23 b gu4 Ő3455 01g 23h (and) so, accordingly, thus; as, since; because
piao1 ̍5205 182+11 HL (a, the) whirl-, whirling, twisting, cyclonic
feng1 ŷ1890 182+0 HL wind, gust(s)
bu4 5379 02d 23c do/does/will not; hardly, rarely, seldom
zhong1 ǯ1500 120+5 23c last all/a whole/an entire/to the end; outlast (s)
zhao1 Ț0233 74+8 53f (of) (a, the) morning, forenoon
23 c zhou4 ̟1312 187+14 HL (a, the) sudden, storming, violent
yu3 Į7662 173+0 HL rain(s), shower(s)
bu4 5379 02d 23f do/does/will not; hardly, rarely seldom
zhong1 ǯ1500 23b 26c last all/a whole/an entire/to the end; outlast (s)
ri4 =3124 72+0 26c (of) (a, the) day
23 d shu2 ƿ5893 15t 44a (&) what (^)?; who (^)?
wei2 ş7059 02a 25f ^ cause, effect, make, perfom, produce (s, ing)
ci3 6972 01k 38x ^these, this (?)
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 23h is it/this (vv) that/which vv (?)
23 e tian1 16361 01e 23f heaven, (the) sky, celestial
di4 ‰6198 01e 23f & earth, (the) land, world, terrestrial
23 f tian1 16361 01e 25b (if, when, where) (^) heaven, (the) sky; ^
di4 ‰6198 01e 25b & earth, (the) land; } creation, (the) universe
shang4 ā5670 03a 31n still, even; honored, exalted vv
bu4 5379 02d 23r (is, are) not, un-; have no, lack; -not
neng2 ơ4648 07b 32c able; (the) ability, capacity, power; can-
jiu3 1188 07a 33g (to) continue, endure, last, persevere, persist
23 g er2 £1756 01 l 25d (if, when, where vvvvvv) so, then
kuang4 Ę3603 85+5 HL how about/much less/more true; compare
yu2 Č7643 08e 23h (the/this case) among, in, for, of, with, within
ren2 3097 02k 25r human(ity, kind, beings); (the) people, society
hu1 I2154 05f 35h ...?, ...!; to achieve, attain, reach?
23 h gu4 Ő3455 01g 24j therefore, thus; and so, as such, given this
cong2 NJ6919 21b 64q (to) follow, pursue; adhere, attend (ing) to
shi4 ä5787 02k 30c (the) affair, concern, function, matter, work (s)
yu2 Č7643 08e 23i in, of, on, upon, with, within; with respect to
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 23i (the) way, path, course; process; principle, truth
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 23i imply, indicate, mean, signify, suggest (s) that

91
23 i dao4 ɰ6136 01a 23i (the) way, path, course; process; principle, truth
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 23j is that which, what(ever); is, indicates, means
tong2 …6615 01k 23j agrees, belongs, identifies, joins; (an) identity
yu2 Č7643 08e 23j in, through, to, with
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 23 l (the) way, path, course; process; principle, truth
23 j de2 ʤ6162 10q 23j character, virtue, merit, quality; fitness, power
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 23k is that which, what(ever); is, indicates, means
tong2 …6615 01k 23k agrees, belongs, identifies, joins; (an) identity
yu2 Č7643 08e 23k in, through, to, with
de2 ʤ6162 10q 23n character, virtue, merit, quality; fitness, power
23 k shi1 \5806 13f 23k deficit, error, failure, fault, heedlessness, loss
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 23 l is that which, what(ever); is, indicates, means
tong2 …6615 01k 23 l agrees, belongs, identifies, joins; (an) identity
yu2 Č7643 08e 23 l in, through, to, with
shi1 \5806 13f 23p deficit, error, failure, fault, heedlessness, loss
23 l tong2 …6615 01k 23n ^ agree, belong, identify, join (s); identified
yu2 Č7643 08e 23n ^ in, through, to, with; on, upon
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 23m ^ (the) way, path, course; principle, truth
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 23n (for/with) one(s)/those (who/what)(ever) (is/are)
23m dao4 ɰ6136 01a 24g (the) way, path, course; principle, truth
yi4 x3021 8+4 23o also, likewise, reciprocally, similarly, in turn
le4 ʩ4129 75+11 23o comfortably, easily, readily* [avoid “gladly”]
de2 Lj6161 03c 23o accept, receive, claim, find, take, possess (s)
zhi1 !0935 01e 23o it, one, them, this, these
23 n tong2 …6615 01k 23p ^ agree, belong, identify, join (s); identified
yu2 Č7643 08e 23p ^ in, through, to, with
de2 ʤ6162 10q 23o ^ character, virtue, merit; fitness, power
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 23p (for/with) one(s)/those (who/what)(ever) (is/are)
23 o de2 ʤ6162 10q 28e character, virtue, merit; fitness, power
yi4 x3021 02m 23q also, likewise, reciprocally, similarly, in turn
le4 ʩ4129 02m 23q comfortably, easily, freely, readily
de2 Lj6161 03c 23q accept, receive, claim, find, take, possess (s)
zhi1 !0935 01e 23q it, one, them, this, these
23 p tong2 …6615 01k 56h ^ agree, belong, identify, join (s); identified
yu2 Č7643 08e 28f ^ in, through, to, with
shi1 \5806 13f 23q deficit, error, failure, fault, heedlessness, loss
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 24a (for/with) one(s)/those (who/whatever) (is/are)

92
23 q shi1 \5806 13f 26i deficit, error, failure, fault, heedlessness, loss
yi4 x3021 02m 25o also, likewise, reciprocally, similarly, in turn
le4 ʩ4129 02m 31k comfortably, easily, freely, readily
de2 Lj6161 03c 29b accept, receive, claim, find, take, possess (s)
zhi1 !0935 01e 24i it, one, them, this, these
23 r xin4 ı2748 08i 23s (if) belief, confidence, promise, trust, truth 17e
bu4 5379 02d 23s has no; lacks, is without; is not, less than, in- “
zu2 Þ6824 17e 28q basis, foundation; complete, enough, sufficient “
yan1 Ǥ7330 02m 23s here, herein, now, within, in/from this/them “
23 s you3 ›7533 01f 24j (then) there arises/exists/is/was/will be 17f
bu4 5379 02d 24a no; a lack/want of; nothing of; not much “
xin4 ı2748 08i 38o belief, confidence, promise, trust, truth “
yan1 Ǥ7330 02m 25q here, herein, now, within, in/from this/them “
24 a qi3 {0545 9+4 HL (^) (to) stand(s, ing) on tiptoe(s)/toe tips
zhe3 ĥ0263 03o 24b one(s)/those who(ever) (v); implies, means
bu4 5379 02d 24b is/are/do(es)/will not; fail to; not; (make) no
li4 v3921 117+0 25d (to) stand(ing) up(right)/firm/steady (ly)
24 b kua4 ɭ3531 157+6 HL (^) (to) straddle, stretch (s, ling) (the stride)
zhe3 ĥ0263 03o 24c one(s)/those who(ever) (v); implies, means
bu4 5379 02d 24c is/are/do(es)/will not; fail to; not; rarely, seldom
xing2 ª2754 02 l 24h (to) advance, (make) progress, keep pace
24 c zi4 ¦6960 07c 24d ^ ^ self(ves), themselves, one’s/their own 22
jian4 Ø0860 03e 29b ^ (to) show, display, exhibit; see, view (v) sim
zhe3 ĥ0263 03o 24d one(s)/those who(ever) (vv); implies, means v
bu4 5379 02d 24d is/are not (very)/less than; not being/to be
ming2 ď4534 10k 27m bright, clear, enlightened, lucid, perceptive
24 d zi4 ¦6960 07c 24e ^of self(ves), themselves, one’s/their own; self-
shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 26c certain(ty, ify), sure v; righteous(ness)
zhe3 ĥ0263 03o 24e one(s)/those who(ever) (is/are); implies, means
bu4 5379 02d 24f is/are not (very)/ less than; not being/to be
zhang1 ʂ0185 22 l 57 l manifest, realized, distinquished, evident
24 e zi4 ¦6960 07c 24f ^ self(ves), themselves, one’s/their own; self-
fa1 y1765 22m 30j assert, force (ing) v; assert, aggress (ion)
zhe3 ĥ0263 03o 24f one(s)/those who(ever) (vv); implies, means
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 27a is/are not (very)/less than; lack; not to have
gong1 Q3698 02p 34d accomplished, distinguished; results, merit

93
24 f zi4 ¦6960 07c 25u ^ self(ves), themselves, one’s/their own; self-
jin1 Ŧ1115 22o 30i esteem, dignify, glorify, venerate (ing, ion)
zhe3 ĥ0263 03o 24j one(s)/those who(ever) (vv); implies, means ^
bu4 5379 02d 24j is/are/do not (very)/ less than; not being/to ^
chang2 ī0213 02g 28u develop, endure, excel, grow, last (ing) 22
24 g qi2 ì0525 01h 25g to/for/with (some)one(s)/those (who) (is/are)
zai4 Š6657 32+3 32m (abide) on, upon; in, within; involved with
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 24j (the) way, path, course, track; process, truth
ye3 7312 03m 29d especially, here, itself; in truth
24 h yue1 >7694 14b 25h (this/these)(is, may be) called; suggest (s)
yu2 ʾ7608 20o 53 l excess(ive), leftover, lingering, remnant, surplus
shi2 Ÿ5810 20* 53k food, meals, fare, eats; indulgence
zhui4 ˶1472 154+11 HL & redundant, irrelevant, useless, superfluous
xing2 ª2754 02 l 25e action, behavior, conduct, endeavor, step (s)
24 i wu4 Ĝ7209 01f 25a entities, items, matters, things; of creation 31b
huo4 ć2402 04b 29g perhaps, somehow; some v (are/may be) “
e4 ȏ4809 02b 31b (is) wrong, bad, vile, loathesome, abhorrent “
zhi1 !0935 01e 25h to approach, come to, have, hold, keep “
24 j gu4 Ő3455 01g 25m (and) so; therefore, thus, hence, given this 31c
you3 ›7533 01f 25a ^ has, have, find, possess; hold, keep (s) (to) “
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 25h ^ (the) way, path, course; principle, truth “
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 27n one(s)/those who(ever) (vv) “
bu4 5379 02d 25d does/do/may/will not, never, rarely; avoid(s) “
chu3 dz1407 02k 26f dwell, settle, stay, linger, abide (ing) “
25 a you3 ›7533 01f 25p there existed/was; (^) existed/was
wu4 Ĝ7209 01f 27k (a) reality, substance; (some) thing, being (v)
hun4 Ǡ2371 14h F (^) intermingled, mixed, (con)fused; in chaos
cheng2 ˜0379 02f 34d (&, yet) complete, perfect, entire (ly); formed
25 b xian1 ~2702 04 l 62k (^) before; ahead/in advance of, prior to
tian1 16361 01e 25f heaven, (the) sky; ^ creation, everything
di4 ‰6198 01e 25n & earth, (the) land; } (the) universe
sheng1 n5738 02e 30e arose, came to be, developed, existed (ing v)
25 c ji4 ǁ0505 40+8 HL still, silent, quiet, peaceful, serene, tranquil
xi1 *2414 04c 25c (how, so) v !; (such, what) v -ity, -ness !; -
liao2 ɾ3963 40+11 HL empty, alone, solitary, remote, vacant, lonely
xi1 *2414 04c 34a (how, so) v !; (such, what) v -ness !; -; indeed

94
25 d du2 ˊ6512 20 l F ^ (all) alone; solitary, by itself, on its own
li4 v3921 24a 62h standing; establish, constitute, found (d) v
er2 £1756 01 l 25e and (moreover, simply, still); in, while
bu4 5379 02d 25e not, never, un-; without, with no
gai3 Ê3196 66+3 HL change, move, become (ing); change, renewal
25 e zhou1 ó1293 30+5 HL ^ everywhere; universally, comprehensively
xing2 ª2754 02 l 26c act, function, go, happen, move, occur (ing) v
er2 £1756 01 l 25q and (moreover, simply, still); in, while
bu4 5379 02d 25g not, never, un-; without, with no
dai4 ś5990 16s 32 l end(ing), limit; (en)danger, (im)peril (ed); tired
25 f ke3 S3381 01a 27e (&, it/this) may/might/can/could be
yi3 J2932 01h 26c considered, regarded, taken, thought of 52b
wei2 ş7059 02a 25i as (being, it were); to be; in the part/role of “
tian1 16361 01e 25n (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the) “
xia4 2520 02a 26h below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom “
mu3 h4582 01f 52b (...’s) (the) mother, matrix; source (of/to vv) “
25 g wu2 µ7188 04k 29b I, we
bu4 5379 02d 26d do not; have not; am/are not; ^ nothing
zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 28a know; learned; aware of; know v
qi2 ì0525 01h 25q its, the, her; of its/the/her
ming2 ‡4524 01c 25i (proper) definition, designation, name, title
25 h zi4 ‘6942 39+3 HL (a, the) (^) word, alias, title, character(ize)
zhi1 !0935 01e 25i (about/for) it, this; its v
yue1 >7694 14b 25i said, spoken (is); says, speaks of, refers to
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 25m (a, the) dao, way, path, road; principle, truth
25 i qiang2 LJ0668 03k 29i (if) compelled, forced, pressed, pressured
wei2 ş7059 02a 26a to construe, develop, elaborate (on), produce
zhi1 !0935 01e 26g its; (in/for/with) it, the, that, this
ming2 ‡4524 01c 32a (a) (proper) definition, designation, name, title
yue1 >7694 14b 25j (one) claim, refer, say, speak, talk, tell (s) of/to
da4 5943 13b 25j great, whole, complete, vast (ness); large(sse)
25 j da4 5943 13b 25m great, whole, complete, vast (ness); large(sse)
yue1 >7694 14b 25k imply, mean, say, speak, suggest, talk, tell (s) of
shi4 ǻ5804 162+7 25k pass away, journey, go (ing) on; departure
25 k shi4 ǻ5804 25j F pass away, journey, go (ing) on; departure
yue1 >7694 14b 25 l imply, mean, say, speak, suggest, tell (s) of (the)
yuan3 ʛ7734 162+10 25 l great distance, remoteness; (the) far beyond
25 l yuan3 ʛ7734 25k 47e great distance, remoteness; (the) far beyond
yue1 >7694 14b 52n imply, mean, say, speak, suggest, talk, tell (s) of
fan3 01781 29+2 40a reversal; coming/turning around/back
95
25m gu4 Ő3455 01g 27j (and) so, thus; as such, given this, in this way
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 25t (the) way, path, road, course; principle, truth
da4 5943 13b 25n (is) great, whole, complete, vast, large
25 n tian1 16361 01e 25s heaven, (the) sky, celestial
da4 5943 13b 25n (is) great, whole, complete, vast, large
di4 ‰6198 01e 25r (&)(the) earth, ground, land, world, terrestrial
da4 5943 13b 25o (is) great, whole, complete, vast, large
25 o wang2 F7037 16o 25q (^) royalty, sovereignty; (the) king, sovereign
yi4 x3021 23m 32j (and)(v) also, as well, likewise, similarly, too (v)
da4 5943 13b 25p (is) great, whole, complete, vast (ness); large
25 p yu4 ƹ7676 32+8 HL ^ (the) regions; frontiers, borders, horizons
zhong1 1504 05j 41c amidst, among, between, inside, within v
you3 ›7533 01f 26e (there) are/exist(s); (there) are/is (held to be)
si4 Y5598 10k F four (kinds of); (a) fourfold
da4 5943 13b 27q great, whole, complete, vast (ness); large(sse)
25 q er2 £1756 01 l 26h and (so, still, thus); while; so, then
wang2 F7037 16o 32d royalty, sovereignty; (the) king, sovereign
ju1 ă1535 02p 31d abide, dwell, hold, remain (s); ^ place, abode
qi2 ì0525 01h 27p being; as; it is; its own; has its (own) v
yi1
3016 10a 39a (as) one; (an) instance
yan1 Ǥ7330 02m 30e among/of them/these; place there
25 r ren2 3097 02k 27h human(ity, kind, beings); (the) people, society
fa3 ė1762 85+5 25s follow, model, exemplify (s); takes ^ as law
di4 ‰6198 01e 25s (the) earth, ground, land, world; terrestrial
25 s di4 ‰6198 01e 32f (the) earth, ground, land, world; terrestrial
fa3 ė1762 25r 25t follow, model, exemplify (s); takes ^ as law
tian1 16361 01e 25t heaven, (the) sky, celestial
25 t tian1 16361 01e 26h heaven, (the) sky, celestial
fa3 ė1762 25r 25u follow, model, exemplify (s); takes ^ as law
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 25u (the) way, path, road, course; principle, truth
25 u dao4 ɰ6136 01a 30a (the) way, path, road, course; principle, truth
fa3 ė1762 25r 57 l follow, model, exemplify (s); takes ^^ as law
zi4 ¦6960 07c 32e (its, the) own; inherent, intrinsic, natural (ly)
ran2 Ȣ3072 17i 26f course, light, nature, reality, truth, way; so
26 a zhong4 Ŵ1509 166+2 26d (the) heavy, massive, weighty (ness); gravity
wei2 ş7059 02a 26b acts, becomes, behaves, perfoms; is, serves as
qing1 ʚ1156 159+7 26h ^ (the) bearable, easy, light; (-ness), levity
gen1 Ɛ3328 06d 59j foundation, root, base(is), source (of/for/to) v

96
26 b jing4 ˗1154 15t 37i calm, stillness, patience, serenity, tranquility
wei2 ş7059 02a 28c acts, becomes, behaves, perfoms; is, serves as
zao4 ̋6729 157+13 26j ^ haste, agitation, rashness, restlessness
jun1 ¶1715 30+4 26c leader, lord, master, ruler, superior (of/for/to) v
26 c shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 27h this is; (&) so it is; ^ this; ^
yi3 J2932 01h 26h how, why; that; applying v; } therefore, thus
jun1 ¶1715 26b 26j (a, the) noble, superior, worthy; gentle-
zi3 6939 04k 31d one(s), person, people; -man, -men
zhong1 ǯ1500 23b 34i ^ all, through(out); all ^ long; end, complete
ri4 =3124 23c 48a ^ (the) day; daily; v day v; (a, the) day’s
xing2 ª2754 02 l 27a journey, travel (s); (make) progress (vv); go vv
26 d bu4 5379 02d 27c without, (but) do(es) not, never, rarely, seldom
li2 ˺3902 10b 28e leave, abandon; separate (s, ed, ing) from
zi1 ʹ6933 159+8 HL ^ transport, cargo, supply, baggage wagon(s)
zhong4 Ŵ1509 26a 59e (a, the) heavy, loaded, weighty; important v
26 e sui1 ˩5519 172+9 27q (al)though; even if/though/when/where
you3 ›7533 01f 30f there is/are/(may) be/ appear; discover, find(ing)
rong2 ʅ7582 75+10 28m beautiful, lovely, glorious, splendid, excellent
guan1 ̠3575 01h 54n views, vistas, sights; scenery; prospects
26 f yan4 ˉ7399 86+12 HL (^) calm, tranquil, quiet, peaceful (ly); simply
chu3 dz1407 02k 30d dwell, rest, remain, keep, stay (s, ing); settled
chao1 ȸ0251 156+5 HL (&) above, beyond; transcending; aloof from
ran2 Ȣ3072 17i 51i it all; all of this; what is (so); nature, reality
26 g nai4 ù4615 37+5 74b then, now, for, so; ^ then
he2 ¬2109 13c 50f how (v) can/could/be; why (v) would/be
wan4 ɛ7030 01f 32e (^) (a) myriad, host of; ten thousand
cheng2 ź0398 4+9 80g (^) chariots, mounts
zhi1 !0935 01e 27n ...’s;^ of; have, keep vv
zhu3 H1336 3+4 30a (a, the) commander, lord, master, ruler (s)
26 h er2 £1756 01 l 27e (and) also, nevertheless, still, then, yet
yi3 J2932 01h 27h approach, conduct, consider, regard, take, treat
shen1 ß5718 07e 44a oneself, themselves; (a, the) being, body, (^) life
qing1 ʚ1156 26a 26i easily, flippantly, lightly; (a) frivolous(ly) (v)
tian1 16361 01e 28c (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ (the) world,
xia4 2520 02a 28c below, beneath, under v; } empire, kingdom
26 i qing1 ʚ1156 26a 63n ease, lightness; (being/to be) light, frivolous
ze2 ķ6746 03o 26j consequently, then; as a result; would then be
shi1 \5806 13f 26j (is to) forget, lose, neglect, omit, relinquish (s)
ben3 d5025 75+1 39o (the) root, source, origin, basic, original

97
26 j zao4 ̋6729 26b 45h haste, agitation; (being/to be) restless, hasty
ze2 ķ6746 03o 28s consequently, then; as a result; would then be
shi1 \5806 13f 29f (is to) forget, lose, neglect, omit, relinquish (s)
jun1 ¶1715 26b 31d (the) dominion, mastery; noble, superior
27 a shan4 ȭ5657 02c 27b (the) able, adept, apt, best, fine, good, skillful
xing2 ª2754 02 l 29g journey, travel, walk, wander (ing, er)
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 27b is without, with no; avoids, lacks; has/leaves no
che4 ˷0288 159+12 HL track, trail, rut, precedent (s)
ji1 ɬ0502 157+6 HL (or) trace, sign, vestige (s); (foot) prints, steps
27 b shan4 ȭ5657 02c 27c (the) able, adept, apt, best, fine, good, skillful
yan2 Ú7334 02 l 31r communicate, speak, talk, (ing, er); oratory(or)
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 27d is without, with no; avoids, lacks; has/leaves no
xia2 ə2515 96+9 HL error, flaw, fault, defect, blemish, fallacy
zhe2 ˴0279 149+11 HL (or) blame, fault (finding); reproach, reproof
27 c shan4 ȭ5657 02c 29d (the) able, adept, apt, best, fine, good, skillful
shu3 ʨ5865 05i 39t reckon, estimate (ing, or); (ac)count(ing, -ant)
bu4 5379 02d 27e does/will not; is without; avoids
yong4 o7567 04a 28t (make) use (of); rely (up)on; employ (ing)
chou2 ̈1323 118+14 HL reckoning, (ac)counting; tallies, tickets, slips
ce4 ȩ6760 118+6 HL (or) device, plan, tool, tablet, straw, stalk (s)
27 d shan4 ȭ5657 02c 27f (the) able, adept, apt, best, fine, good, skillful
bi4 Ǽ5092 169+3 52i closure, lock, fasten (ing, er); secure (ing, ity)
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 27f is without, with no; avoids, lacks; has/uses no
guan1 ̄3571 169+11 HL gate, barrier, obstacle, obstruction, cover
jian4 ̭0856 75+9 HL (or) bolt, bar, lock (& key)
27 e er2 £1756 01 l 27g and (nevertheless, still, yet); but, yet (still)
bu4 5379 02d 27g ^ not ^; will not; is not
ke3 S3381 01a 27g can, may v be; allow, permit; easily/easy to
kai1 Ȼ3204 10i 52k open (ed, ing); disclose, expose (ing, ure)
27 f shan4 ȭ5657 02c 27i (the) able, adept, apt, best, fine, good, skillful
jie2 ȫ0782 120+6 80j bind, bond, knot, secure, tie (ing); connection
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 27j is without, with no; avoids, lacks; has/uses no
sheng2 ̀5749 14k 80j cord, rope, line, fiber, string
yue1 Ũ7493 120+3 HL (or) knot, restraint, constraint, bond
27 g er2 £1756 01 l 29a and (nevertheless, still, yet); but, yet (still)
bu4 5379 02d 27n ^ not ^; will not; is not
ke3 S3381 01a 29d can, may v be; allow, permit; easily/easy to
jie3 ɧ0626 04f 56f loosen, untie, release (ed); undo(ne), be free of

98
27 h shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 27m this is; (&) so it is; ^
yi3 J2932 01h 29k how, why; that; } therefore, hence, thus
sheng4 ɠ5753 02k 28t (a, the) perceptive, sagely, wise; ^ (a, the)
ren2 3097 02k 27i individual, one, person (s); people; } sage(s)
27 i chang2 DŽ0221 01b 27k (is/are) always, ever (so), consistently, usually
shan4 ȭ5657 02c 27k adept, apt, (cap)able, good, skilled(ful) at/to
jiu4 Ǔ1193 66+7 27k help, salvage, redeem, make (ing) (the most of)
ren2 3097 02k 27j another, fellows; (the) folk, other(s), people
27 j gu4 Ő3455 01g 27 l (and) so; therefore, thus; in this way; (so) that
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 27 l (there is) no, no-; never, rarely, seldom; avoids
qi4 Ǚ0550 10a 27 l ^ (is/are) deny, reject (s, ed, ing); forsaken
ren2 3097 02k 27n -body, one; fellow, other (s); person, people v
27 k chang2 DŽ0221 01b 28e (is/are) always, ever (so), consistently, usually
shan4 ȭ5657 02c 27n adept, apt, (cap)able, good, skilled(ful) at/to
jiu4 Ǔ1193 27i 52m help, salvage, redeem; make (ing) the most of
wu4 Ĝ7209 01f 27 l circumstance, matter, situation, thing (s)
27 l gu4 Ő3455 01g 27n (and) so; therefore, thus; in this way; (so) that
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 28 l (there is) no, no-; never, rarely, seldom; avoids
qi4 Ǚ0550 10a 62g ^ (is/are) waste, discard, neglect, reject (s, ed, ing)
wu4 Ĝ7209 01f 29g circumstance, matter, situation, thing (s) v
27m shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 27r (so) it/this is/may be; ^ this; this
wei4 ˓7079 01m 27r called, styled, known as; call v; describes
xi2 ̙2512 145+16 HL double, practice(al), apply; appropriate (d, ing)
ming2 ď4534 10k 33b brightness, clarity, intelligence, light, wisdom
27 n gu4 Ő3455 01g 28v (and) so; therefore, thus; as such, in this way
shan4 ȭ5657 02c 27n (a, the) able, adept, best, good, skill(ed, ful)
ren2 3097 02k 27n character, fellow, individual, one, person (s)
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 27o is/are (one(s)/those who is/are); become(s)
bu4 5379 02d 27o (a, the) not (so, very), non-, un-; less than
shan4 ȭ5657 02c 27o (a, the) able, adept, best, good, skill(ed, ful)
ren2 3097 02k 27o character, fellow, individual, one, person (s)
zhi1 !0935 01e 27o ...’s; ...s’; (a, the) ^ of/to/for vvv
shi1 ƈ5760 50+7 27p teacher, instructor, (role) model, example

99
27 o bu4 5379 02d 27p (a, the) not (so, very), non-, un-, in-; less than
shan4 ȭ5657 02c 27o (a, the) able, adept, best, good, skill(ed, ful)
ren2 3097 02k 27o character, fellow, individual, one, person (s)
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 29e is/are (one(s)/those who is/are); become(s)
shan4 ȭ5657 02c 30g (a, the) (a, the) able, adept, good, skill(ed, ful)
ren2 3097 02k 28t character, fellow, individual, one, person (s)
zhi1 !0935 01e 28t ...’s; ...s’; (a, the) ^ of/to/for vv
zi1 ɫ6927 154+6 27p resource, capital, charge, trust, business
27 p bu4 5379 02d 27p to not; not to; (to) fail(ing, ure) (to)
gui4 ȶ3636 03c 31d appreciate, honor, prize, respect, value
qi2 ì0525 01h 27p one’s, your (own); the, this; such (a)
shi1 ƈ5760 27n 30d teacher, instructor, (role) model, example (s)
bu4 5379 02d 28e to not; not to; (to) fail(ing, ure) (to)
ai4 ɏ0009 10g 44d love, care for, cherish, treasure, be kind to
qi2 ì0525 01h 28a one’s, your (own); the, this; such (a)
zi1 ɫ6927 27o F resource, material, capital, charge, trust (s)
27 q sui1 ˩5519 26e 32b however; even if/though/when/where
zhi4 ș0933 03m 33a “clever, informed, prudent, right, smart, wise”
da4 5943 13b 28v (is) most, much, very, greatly, well-; far
mi2 ƫ4450 162+6 58k confused, deluded, deceived; astray
27 r shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 29k (so) it/this is/may be; ^ this; this
wei4 ˓7079 01m 30o called, styled, known as; call v; describes
yao4 Ů7300 146+3 HL (an) important, expedient, necessary, tactical
miao4 ½4474 01h F mystery, wonder, subtlety, secret, detail
28 a zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 28g know, undertand; be aware of, acknowledge
qi2 ì0525 01h 28b the, what/that which is, things
xiong2 ȿ2814 172+4 HL male, masculine, firm, vigorous, virile, yang
28 b shou3 “5844 05j 28h (but) guard, keep, retain, maintain, preserve
qi2 ì0525 01h 28g (to) the, what/that which is, things
ci1 ʝ6979 10j F female, feminine; yielding, retiring, yin
28 c wei2 ş7059 02a 28d act/become/behave/perform/serve as; be
tian1 16361 01e 28d ^ (in/for/to) heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 28d ^ below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
xi1 ˤ0511 150+10 28d (’s) brook, creek, stream, channel, watershed
28 d wei2 ş7059 02a 28i act/become/behave/serve (ing) as; (in) being
tian1 16361 01e 28i ^ (in/for/to) heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 28i ^ below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
xi1 ˤ0511 28c F (’s) brook, creek, stream, channel, watershed

100
28 e chang2 DŽ0221 01b 28k cons(tant/istent); endure, last (ing), reliable
de2 ʤ6162 10q 28k character, virtue, merit, quality; fitness, power
bu4 5379 02d 28k will not, never, rarely, seldom; does not
li2 ˺3902 10b F depart, digress, diverge, leave; (be) separate
28 f fu4 ȍ1992 14 l 28 l (but) come/turn around/back; return (s, ing)
gui1 ˬ3617 14 l 28 l (journey) home (again); around; & return
yu2 Č7643 08e 28 l as, for, in, into, through, to, towards, with, within
ying1 ˘7457 10d F (a, an, the) baby, infant, newborn 10d
er2 é1759 10d F child, infant, baby, babe “
28 g zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 28m know, undertand; be aware of, acknowledge
qi2 ì0525 01h 28h the, what/that which is, things
bai2 r4975 10k 41m white, bright, clear, simple, obvious, telling
28 h shou3 “5844 05j 28n (but) guard, keep, retain, maintain, preserve
qi2 ì0525 01h 28m (to) the, what/that which is, things
hei1 ɂ2090 203+0 HL black, dark, secret, mysterious, obscure
28 i wei2 ş7059 02a 28j act/become/behave/perform/serve as; be
tian1 16361 01e 28j ^ (in/for/to) heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 28j ^ beneath, under v; } world, kingdom (’s)
shi4 –5817 22h 28j (as) (the) example, model, pattern, paradigm
28 j wei2 ş7059 02a 28o act/become/behave/serve (ing) as; (in) being
tian1 16361 01e 28o ^ (in/for/to) heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 28o ^ beneath, under v; } world, kingdom (’s)
shi4 –5817 22h 65k (as) (the) example, model, pattern, paradigm
28 k chang2 DŽ0221 01b 28q cons(tant/istent); endure, last (ing), reliable
de2 ʤ6162 10q 28q character, virtue, merit, quality; fitness, power
bu4 5379 02d 28v will not, never, rarely, seldom; does not
te4 ̣6163 61+3 HL err, falter, stray, vary, deviate, fail, mislead
28 l fu4 ȍ1992 14 l 28r (but) come/turn around/back; return (s, ing)
gui1 ˬ3617 14 l 28r (journey) home (again); around; & return
yu2 Č7643 08e 28r as, for, in, into, through, to, towards, with, within
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 32a (the) un-, in-; ^ -less
ji2 ɕ0484 16a 58g bounded, limited; -finite; bound-, limit- v
28m zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 32k know, undertand; be aware of, acknowledge
qi2 ì0525 01h 28n the, what/that which is, things
rong2 ʅ7582 26e F honored, esteemed, glorified, embellished
28 n shou3 “5844 05j 32d (but) guard, keep, retain, maintain, preserve
qi2 ì0525 01h 29b (to) the, what/that which is, things
ru3 ƪ3154 13a 41m abuse, demean, disgrace, humble, revile (d)

101
28 o wei2 ş7059 02a 28p act/become/behave/perform/serve as; be
tian1 16361 01e 28p ^ (in/for/to) heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 28p ^ below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
gu3 Û3483 06a 28p (’s) valley, ravine, channel, watercourse/shed
28 p wei2 ş7059 02a 28s act/become/behave/serve (ing) as; (in) being
tian1 16361 01e 29a ^ (in, for, to) heaven, the sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 29a ^ below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
gu3 Û3483 06a 32n (’s) valley, ravine, channel, watercourse/shed
28 q chang2 DŽ0221 01b 32a cons(tant/istent); endure, last (ing), reliable
de2 ʤ6162 10q 38a character, virtue, merit, quality; fitness, power
nai3 4612 16n 54e is/will then (be); becomes, brings, leads to
zu2 Þ6824 17e 33e ample, enough, suffice(ient); (a) basis, footing
28 r fu4 ȍ1992 14 l 52f come/turn around/back; (a, the) return (s, ing)
gui1 ˬ3617 14 l 34g (journey) home (again); around; & return
yu2 Č7643 08e 31m as, for, in, into, through, to, towards, with, within
pu3 ˅5354 15o 28s (the) original nature/simplicity; uncut wood
28 s pu3 ˅5354 15o 32b (the) original nature/simplicity; uncut wood
san4 Ȗ5421 66+8 64d (when) cut, carved, broken, divided, split (up)
ze2 ķ6746 03o 28u (is) then; becomes; entails/means being
wei2 ş7059 02a 28u made; develop, form, shape, turn (ed) into
qi4 ˁ0549 11c 29c artifacts, instruments, vessels, utensils; specifics
28 t sheng4 ɠ5753 02k 29k (a, the) perceptive, sagely, wise; ^ (a, the)
ren2 3097 02k 29k individual, one, person (s); people; } sage(s)
yong4 o7567 04a 31e (when) (make) apply, practice, rely, use (ing)
zhi1 !0935 01e 29a (of/on/upon) it, this; these, such (things)
28 u ze2 ķ6746 03o 30n (is, are) accordingly, then; become, come to be
wei2 ş7059 02a 29a made; develop, form, shape, turn (ed) into
guan1 ÿ3552 40+5 HL ^ specialist, bureaucrat, official, manager (s)
zhang3 ī0213 02g 44i (a, an) elder, old, senior, standing [ap chang2] v
28 v gu4 Ő3455 01g 29g (and) so; therefore, thus, hence; for this reason
da4 5943 13b 30f (a, the) great(est), mature, noble, whole(some)
zhi4 í0986 18+6 32i law, regulation, system, government, authority
bu4 5379 02d 29b (will) not, never, rarely; is/does not/the least
ge1 ȃ3380 18+10 58n cut, carve, divide(sive) (ed) split (ing) (up)

102
29 a jiang1 ǃ0656 15m 31p when; hold, have (ing); led/seized/taken by
yu4 ǚ7671 01g 34f (a, the) desire, intend(tion) (s); long, wish (ing)
qu3 î1615 12j 30h to grasp, possess, seize, take/lay hold of/over
tian1 16361 01e 29c (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 29c below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
er2 £1756 01 l 30g and (even, simply, so, still, then)
wei2 ş7059 02a 29d (re) construct, develop, make; meddle, interfere
zhi1 !0935 01e 29e (in/with) it, this, things
29 b wu2 µ7188 04k 37f I, we
jian4 Ø0860 03e 35i notice, observe, perceive, see, watch, witness
qi2 ì0525 01h 30c them; (as, that) this, these, such (a) thing(s)
bu4 5379 02d 29d (will) not, never; do(es) not; fail(s) to; ^ no 30 l
de2 Lj6161 03c 30 l gain, find, achieve, attain, reach (s, ing) (v) “
yi3 2930 02b 30g closure, completion, conclusion, satisfaction “
29 c tian1 16361 01e 30b (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 30b below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
shen2 ƚ5716 06a 39d (is) (a) spirit(ual), sacred, divine, medicine
qi4 ˁ0549 11c 31a agency, entity, instrument, thing, vessel
29 d bu4 5379 02d 30b not, dis-, un-, ill-. never, seldom; not ^ (ing)
ke3 S3381 01a 31m conducive, incline(d), suited to; invite, permit
wei2 ş7059 02a 29e (re) make, develop (ing); interference, meddling
ye3 7312 03m 32c at all, period; completely, entirely vvv
29 e wei2 ş7059 02a 31i (^)(to) act, presume; interfere, meddle (s) 64m
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 29f one(s)/those who(ever); that which v; is/will “
bai4 Ǖ4866 66+7 64m (to) ruin, spoil, harm, damage, corrupt (s) “
zhi1 !0935 01e 29f it, this, things “
29 f zhi2 ƽ0996 14r 35a (^)(to) grab, grasp, hold, keep, take (s) 64n
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 30a one(s)/those, who(ever); that which v; is “
shi1 \5806 13f 33g (to) forgo, lose, relinquish; let (s) ^ go/slip “
zhi1 !0935 01e 30d it, this, things “
29 g gu4 Ő3455 01g 31c (and) so; therefore, thus; as, because, since
wu4 Ĝ7209 01f 30n (as) (a, the) being, creature, entity, thing (s)
huo4 ć2402 04b 29g maybe, perhaps, some(times); may, might
xing2 ª2754 02 l 33f lead, advance, go ahead/forward, progress (s)
huo4 ć2402 04b 29h (&) maybe, perhaps, some(times); others; may
sui2 ˖5523 02j F follow, go along; trail, lag (s) (behind); adapt
29 h huo4 ć2402 04b 29h maybe, perhaps, some(times); may, might
xu1 ̴2824 76+12 HL snort; blow/breathe hard/hot/fiercely
huo4 ć2402 04b 29i (&) maybe, perhaps, some(times); others; may
chui1 ·1476 30+4 HL puff, whiff; blow/breathe cool/gently
103
29 i huo4 ć2402 04b 29i maybe, perhaps, some(times); may, might
qiang2 LJ0668 03k 30b (are, be) fit, powerful, strong, vigorous
huo4 ć2402 04b 29j (&) maybe, perhaps, some(times); others; may
lei2 ̊4240 123+13 HL (are, be) weak, feeble, delicate, frail, caught
29 j huo4 ć2402 04b 29j maybe, perhaps, some(times); may, might
cuo4 Ǝ 6795 04e 56c oppress, repress, oppose, treat harshly
huo4 ć2402 04b 31b (&) maybe, perhaps, some(times); others; may
hui1 ̷2355 170+15 HL (are) overthrow, destroy, ruin(ed) ; break down
29 k shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 30o this is; (&) so it is; ^ this; ^
yi3 J2932 01h 30a why; that; applying v; } therefore, hence
sheng4 ɠ5753 02k 47g (a, the) perceptive, sagely, wise; ^ (a, the)
ren2 3097 02k 30a individual, one, person (s); people; } sage(s)
qu4 R1594 02r 29 l avoid, dismiss, give up, keep (s) away from
shen4 Š5724 21k 44d (the) excess(ive), extreme (s); extremity
29 l qu4 R1594 02r 29m avoid, dismiss, give up, keep (s, ing) away from
she1 ƾ5696 37+9 HL luxury, waste, indulgence, (the) superfluous
29m qu4 R1594 02r 38x avoid, dismiss, give up, keep (s, ing) away from
tai4 ƒ6023 85+5 HL (the) extravagant, affluent (-nce) grandiose(ity)
30 a yi3 J2932 01h 30b ^ apply, employ, use; rely on, resort to (s, ing)
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 30o ^ (the) way, path, course; principle, truth
zuo3 ­6775 9+5 HL ^ (to) assist, aid, support, help (^) (with)
ren2 3097 02k 31k ^ human(ity); (the) others, people, society (’s)
zhu3 H1336 26g 34e ^ (to) direct(ion), govern(ment, ance), lead(ership)
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 30g one(s)/those who(ever) vvvvv
30 b bu4 5379 02d 30h do/does/will not; (will) never, rarely; avoid(s)
yi3 J2932 01h 30h apply, employ, use; rely on, resort to (s, ing)
bing1 ³5282 12+5 31a soldiers, troops; arms, weapons; military
qiang2 LJ0668 03k 30h (&, or) aggression, compulsion, force (on, in)
tian1 16361 01e 31m (any) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 31m below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
30 c qi2 ì0525 01h 33g these, those, such
shi4 ä5787 02k 31n affairs, activities, efforts, endeavors, things
hao4 2062 38+3 53e tend to; (are) apt/likely/prone/wont to; easily
huan2 ˧2261 162+13 HL come back; backfire; recoil, reaction, requital
30 d shi1 ƈ5760 27n F (in) ^ (a, an, the) army, host, legion (s); military
zhi1 !0935 01e 30f ^ has/have; ^ of v
suo3 Ĉ5465 07b 33g (a, the) location/place/position (s) where vv
chu3 dz1407 02k 31c (is/are/have) camp, stay, occupy, settle (s, d)

104
30 e jing1 Ƥ1116 140+6 HL brambles, briars, thorns; thorny
ji2 ț0486 75+8 HL (&) brambles, briars, (buck)thorns
sheng1 n5738 02e 34c (^) arise, flourish, grow, live, thrive
yan1 Ǥ7330 02m 34g now (v); here/there (now); thereon
30 f da4 5943 13b 34a (a, the) great, mighty, strong, big, large
jun1 ű1722 159+2 31p army, armies, military; campaign, war (s)
zhi1 !0935 01e 31a ...’s, ...s’; ^ of/in/to v
hou4 Ņ2143 02j 38k (the) aftermath, consequence, wake, trail
bi4 b5109 61+1 36b always, certainly, surely; is certain/sure to
you3 ›7533 01f 31c become, bring, have, hold, turn (s) into
xiong1 ,2808 16 l 31o unfortunate, bad, miserable, bitter, brutal
nian2 •4711 51+3 HL years; harvests, crops
30 g shan4 ȭ5657 02c 41v ^ (is/are, the) apt, (cap)able, competent, skilled
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 31a one(s)/those who(ever) v; is to; is/are/will be
guo3 Ē3732 75+4 30i (will) finish, succeed; satisfied, successful
er2 £1756 01 l 30i and (simply, so, then); (but) then
yi3 2930 02b 30 l conclude, quit, stop, rest; no more; that is all
30 h bu4 5379 02d 30 l not, without (even); instead of, rather than
gan3 ȕ3229 03m 64y dare, presume, venture (ing); boldly, rashly
yi3 J2932 01h 31m (or/to) consider, intend, think (ing) (of/to)
qu3 î1615 12j 38x (to) grab, obtain, possess, seize, take (ing)
qiang2 LJ0668 03k 30m (&/or, by) aggress(ion), compel(sion), force
30 i guo3 Ē3732 30g 30j complete, conclude, finish, succeed (s)
er2 £1756 01 l 30j and (still, yet); but, yet (also, still); (and) then
wu4 -7208 20+2 30j do/will not, never, rarely; without, with no
jin1 Ŧ1115 22o F glorify, boast, brag (ing); glory, revel (s)
30 j guo3 Ē3732 30g 30k complete, conclude, finish, succeed (s)
er2 £1756 01 l 30k and (still, yet); but, yet (also, still); (and) then
wu4 -7208 30i 30k is/are not; do/will not, rarely; without, with no
fa1 y1765 22m F assert, aggress (ive, ion), force(ful) (s)
30 k guo3 Ē3732 30g 30 l complete, conclude, finish, succeed (s)
er2 £1756 01 l 30 l and (still, yet); but, yet (also, still); (and) then
wu4 -7208 30i 30m is/are not; will not, rarely be; without, with no
jiao1 ̚0694 09g F vain(ity), pride(ful), haughty, arrogant(ance)
30 l guo3 Ē3732 30g 30m complete, conclude, finish, succeed (s)
er2 £1756 01 l 30m and yet; even (if/though/when/while); although
bu4 5379 02d 30o not, without (having); failing to; yet to 31h
de2 Lj6161 03c 31h gain, get, find, attain, secure, reach (ed, ing) “
yi3 2930 02b 30p (a, the) closure, conclusion, end, satisfaction “

105
30m guo3 Ē3732 30g F complete, conclude, finish, succeed (s)
er2 £1756 01 l 31h and (still, yet); but, yet (also, still); (and) then
wu4 -7208 30i F (is/are) not, rarely; do/will not; without, with no
qiang2 LJ0668 03k 33d force(ful), dominate(ant); compel, coerce(ion)
30 n wu4 Ĝ7209 01f 31b (^) (a)(n) being, creature, entity, thing (s) 55p
zhuang4 »1453 33+4 55p wax/grow(n) strong/mighty; overgrown (v) “
ze2 ķ6746 03o 31d (and, will) then; become(s); as a rule; soon “
lao3 ¢3833 125+0 55p age, decay, grow (s) old/frail; aged, decayed “
30 o shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 31k it/this/such is/may be; ^ this; this
wei4 ˓7079 01m 36i called, deemed, styled; call v; ^ describe 55q
bu4 5379 02d 30p off; not; away from; does not v “
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 30p (the) way, path, road, course, track; truth “
30 p bu4 5379 02d 31a (what is) off; not; away from 55r
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 31c (the) way, path, road, course, track; truth “
zao3 ™6721 72+2 55r (is) (^) soon, quickly, (an) early, untimely “
yi3 2930 02b 31h no more, end, finish, stop (s, ed) (v) “
31 a fu1 21908 02q 31 l (here, now) even (the)
jia1 æ0593 9+6 HL best, finest; (most) excellent, exquisite, superior
bing1 ³5282 30b 31e arms, weapons; army, military; soldiers 31f
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 31c is, are, become, will be; mean, indicate “
bu4 5379 02d 31c un-; mis-; bad, ill, no “
xiang2 ǫ2577 113+6 31f happiness, fortune; luck; omen/portent “
zhi1 !0935 01e 31b ...’s; ^ of/for/in/with vv “
qi4 ˁ0549 11c 31f (the) agent, implement, instrument, tool (s) “
31 b wu4 Ĝ7209 01f 32e entities, items, matters, things; of creation 24i
huo4 ć2402 04b 42j perhaps, somehow; some v (are/may be) “
e4 ȏ4809 02b 42g (is) wrong, bad, vile, loathesome, abhorrent “
zhi1 !0935 01e 31f to approach, come to, have, hold, keep “
31 c gu4 Ő3455 01g 31n (and) so, therefore, thus, hence, given this 24j
you3 ›7533 01f 32i ^ has, have, find, possess; hold, keep (s) (to) “
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 32a ^ (the) way, path, course; principle, truth “
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 31f one(s)/those who(ever) (vv) “
bu4 5379 02d 31f do(es)/will not, never, rarely, seldom; avoid “
chu3 dz1407 02k 31r dwell, linger, stay, settle, stop (ing) (here) “
31 d jun1 ¶1715 26b 31g (a, the) noble, superior, worthy; gentle-
zi3 6939 04k 31g one(s), person, people; -man, -men
ju1 ă1535 02p 31p (^) (being) domestic/at home; content, secure
ze2 ķ6746 03o 31e if, when v (then); then; normally, ordinarily
gui4 ȶ3636 03c 31e dignify, exalt, favor, honor, prize, value (s)
zuo3 ^6774 48+2 31n (a, the) left (hand, side) (position); spare
106
31 e yong4 o7567 04a 31h (^) employing, relying on, using, working with
bing1 ³5282 30b 31f (^) arms, weapons; the army, military; soldiers
ze2 ķ6746 03o 31m if, when vv (then); then; normally, ordinarily
gui4 ȶ3636 03c 39n dignify, exalt, favor, honor, prize, value (s)
you4 U7541 30+2 31o (a, the) right (hand, side) (position); essential
31 f bing1 ³5282 30b 50j arms, weapons; army, military; soldiers 31a
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 31k is, are, become, will be; mean, indicate “
bu4 5379 02d 31h un-; mis-; bad, ill, no “
xiang2 ǫ2577 31a 55n happiness, fortune; luck; omen/portent “
zhi1 !0935 01e 31g ...’s; ^ of/for/in/with vv “
qi4 ˁ0549 11c 31g (the) agent, implement, instrument, tool (s) “
31 g fei1 į1819 01b 39r (&) (they) (are) not (at all); bad/wrong as/for
jun1 ¶1715 26b 70f (a, the) noble, superior, worthy; gentle-
zi3 6939 04k 52d one(s), person, people; -man, -men
zhi1 !0935 01e 31h ...’s; ...s’; ^ of/for vv
qi4 ˁ0549 11c 36 l (the) agent, implement, instrument, tool (s)
31 h bu4 5379 02d 31j (if, when, where) not, failing; there is no 29b
de2 Lj6161 03c 31m (to) gain, find, achieve, attain, reach (ing) (a) “
yi3 2930 02b 55r closure, completion, conclusion, satisfaction “
er2 £1756 01 l 31j and (so, then, thus); but, yet (still)
yong4 o7567 04a 35k (to) employ, rely on, use, work (ing) with
zhi1 !0935 01e 31k it, this, them, these; (such as) this, these
31 i tian2 Ō6365 61+6 HL (then) calm, quiet, peace(ful), tranquil(ity)
dan4 Ǟ6053 85+8 35h (&) indifference, aloofness, apathy, coolness
wei2 ş7059 02a 34e (is) ^ assumption, posture, practice; adopted
shang4 5669 08a 31q (a, the) best, better, first, higher, superior v
31 j sheng4 Ȅ5754 19+10 31u (^) conquest, triumph, victory; to vanquish
er2 £1756 01 l 31k however, still (v); even (in/with) v
bu4 5379 02d 31m has no; is not, less than, un-; is v not; there is no
mei3 ũ4406 02a 31k attraction(ive); beauty(iful); aesthetic
31 k er2 £1756 01 l 32h and (so, thus); moreover; but, yet; while
mei3 ũ4406 02a 62d ^ attracted; admire, find beauty; glorify
zhi1 !0935 01e 31r ^ by/to this; (in) it, this, such
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 31 l one(s)/those who(ever) (vv) (is/are) (vv)
shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 36i (is/are) indeed, truly; in actuality/fact/truth
le4 ʩ4129 23m 31 l delight, rejoice (ing) in; relish, enjoy, exult (ing)
sha1 Ǜ5615 79+7 31 l (the) killing, slaughter, murder (of); ^ -cide
ren2 3097 02k 31 l human beings, others, people; homi- v

107
31 l fu1 21908 02q 32k now, then; if/when; given; (the) one(s), those
le4 ʩ4129 23m 35e ^ delight, rejoice in; relish, enjoy (s, ing)
sha1 Ǜ5615 31k 31s ^ (the) killing, slaughter, murder (of); ^ -cide
ren2 3097 02k 31s ^ human beings, others, people; homi- v
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 33a (one(s)/those) (people/men) who(ever) vvv
31m ze2 ķ6746 03o 38j (is/are) accordingly, then; as a result
bu4 5379 02d 32 l not, un-; ill; will not be; is/are never, seldom
ke3 S3381 01a 32 l fit, ready, suited, worthy; asked, invited
yi3 J2932 01h 31r of/for/to employ, (be of) help, service, use (in)
de2 Lj6161 03c 39a achieve, attain, earn, gain, reach, realize (ing)
zhi4 Ä0971 03j 33f (a, an, any, the) aim, purpose, goal, objective (^)
yu2 Č7643 08e 32n at, in, for, of, with, within (^^) (in)
tian1 16361 01e 32c (anything)^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 32c below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
yi3 Ô2938 111+2 46i ...!; period !; (at all, indeed) (!)
31 n gu4 Ő3455 01g 34j (and) so, then; therefore, thus, hence; given this
ji2 „0476 30+3 HL (in, for, with) lucky, auspicious, promising
shi4 ä5787 02k 31o affairs, concerns, events, matters, occasions
shang4 ā5670 03a 31o (^) (is) honor, value, appreciate, favor (ed)
zuo3 ^6774 31d 31p (the) left (hand, side) (position)(v); spare
31 o xiong1 ,2808 16 l F (in, for, with) unlucky, adverse, sad, tragic
shi4 ä5787 02k 48f affairs, concerns, events, matters, occasions
shang4 ā5670 03a F (^) (is) honor, value, appreciate, favor (ed)
you4 U7541 31e 31q (the) right (hand, side) (position)(v); essential
31 p pian1 Ƶ5246 9+9 HL (^) (a, the) lieutenant; ^ second ^
jiang1 ǃ0656 15m 31q (^) commander, general; officer v in command
jun1 ű1722 30f 31q (of) (a/an/the) army, host, military (’s vv)
ju1 ă1535 02p 31q occupies; is posted on; stands/stays on/to
zuo3 ^6774 31d 34b (the) left (hand, side) (position)
31 q shang4 5669 08a 38a (^) (an, the) superior, supreme; ^ in chief
jiang1 ǃ0656 15m 32e (^) general, officer; commander v
jun1 ű1722 30f 50j (of) (a/an/the) army, host, military (’s vv)
ju1 ă1535 02p 38u occupies; is posted on; stands/stays on/to
you4 U7541 31e 34b (the) right (hand, side) (position)
31 r yan2 Ú7334 02 l 35g (as is/would be) said, spoken; (a) description
yi3 J2932 01h 31t of, for, using; according to, in accord with
sang4 Ȇ5429 30+9 31u (a, the) funeral, mourning, loss, bereavement
li3 ˯3886 113+13 31u rite, ceremony, ritual, protocol, observance (s)
chu3 dz1407 02k 31u (is, are, being) held, observed, set, adhered to
zhi1 !0935 01e 31s for some(body/one/thing), one (of them/these)
108
31 s sha1 Ǜ5615 31k 73a (if, when/where) (the) killing, slaughter (of); ^
ren2 3097 02k 33a human beings, others, people; } homicide
zhi1 !0935 01e 31t amounts/refers to; is in/of; approaches, becomes
zhong4 Ǫ1517 01o 64w (a) multitude, large group/number; common
31 t yi3 J2932 01h 31u with; have, take, try, use; consider
ai1 Ļ0003 30+6 69m compassion, pity, sympathy, empathy; sorrow
bei1 Ȑ4992 61+8 HL & lament, sorrow, mourning, grief, anguish
qi4 ĕ0563 85+5 HL (&) weep, lament, cry, shed (ing) tears
zhi1 !0935 01e 31u for/over them; about/at/for/over this, such
31 u zhan4 ˃0147 62+12 67t (if, when, where) (the) war, contest, battle
sheng4 Ȅ5754 31j 33c (is) overcome, won; successful, triumphant
yi3 J2932 01h 32g try; consider, regard, think of/about
sang4 Ȇ5429 31r 69k (^) (a, the) funeral, mourning, bereavement
li3 ˯3886 31r 38i (^) rite, ceremony, service, observance (s)
chu3 dz1407 02k 38t (being) held; hold, observe, set (d, ing) (vv)
zhi1 !0935 01e 32d for/over (the) others, someone, them; here
32 a dao4 ɰ6136 01a 32m (the) way, path, road, course; principle, truth
chang2 DŽ0221 01b 34f (is) constant, eternal; endure(s, ing), goes on
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 34f (even) without, with no; lacking; regardless of
ming2 ‡4524 01c 32i (a) definition, description, name, term, title (s)
32 b pu3 ˅5354 15o 37f (the) original nature/simplicity; uncut wood
sui1 ˩5519 26e 62j although, however; even if/though; may be
xiao3 2605 42+0 34f insignificant, ordinary, small, unimportant
32 c tian1 16361 01e 32f ^(in/of all)^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 32m ^below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
mo4 Dz4557 09f 32h (but) nobody, none, no/not one vv (who)
neng2 ơ4648 07b 32d (will/would) able, competent; can, could
chen2 ¥0327 18h F (to) subject, subjugate, subordinate; master
ye3 7312 03m 53n (it/this) (at) all, period; (the) plain, simple
32 d hou2 IJ2135 9+7 37c ^ marquis, duke, governor, leader (s) 37c
wang2 F7037 16o 37c ^ &/or king, ruler, sovereign (s) “
ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 37c (so) assuming, if vv were; were vv “
neng2 ơ4648 07b 34j able, competent, fit to; capable of ^...(ing) “
shou3 “5844 05j 37c grasp, guard, hold, keep, maintain, observe “
zhi1 !0935 01e 32h it, this, such (a thing); themselves “
32 e wan4 ɛ7030 01f 34c (a, the) myriad, ten thousand; all (of) 37d
wu4 Ĝ7209 01f 34c beings, creatures, entities, things; creation “
jiang1 ǃ0656 15m 32k will, would (promptly, quickly, soon, then) “
zi4 ¦6960 07c 32h ^ by/of it/them-self(ves); naturally, of course “
bin1 ʘ5259 154+7 HL pay homage/respect(s); submit, obey, defer (v)
109
32 f tian1 16361 01e 32m (as, when) heaven, (the) sky, celestial
di4 ‰6198 01e 39c & (the) earth, ground, land, world; terrestrial
xiang1 ť2562 02e 60h ^each other; together; as complements
he2 ˆ2117 30+3 55g join, unite, harmonize, conspire (with) v
32 g yi3 J2932 01h 32 l from this, in order, serving, thus, and so
jiang4 ŵ0654 170+6 HL (to) rain, drop, send down, let fall
gan1 m3223 99+0 80 l (a, the) sweet, pleasant, agreeable, delightful
lu4 ̕4186 173+12 HL dew, dewdrop(s)
32 h min2 i4508 03b 53e (^) -body, one, people, person; public, society
mo4 Dz4557 09f 38i no(-); not one v; do not, have not; no v has
zhi1 !0935 01e 32m (has, have) ^ it, this, them; it/this so/to be
ling4 M4043 12a F cause, command, decree, ordain, order (s, ed) v
er2 £1756 01 l 33h and so/then/thus; but, instead, rather, yet; still
zi4 ¦6960 07c 33b ^ (from) (a, the) (is) inherent, intrinsic, natural
jun1 ¹1724 32+4 HL (the) balance, harmony, accord, fairness (v)
32 i shi3 ú5772 01e 38r begin, start (ing) with; after; as soon as
zhi4 í0986 28v F (there is/are) law, restraint, rule control (s)
you3 ›7533 01f 32j there is/are/will be; & ^ are assumed; appear
ming2 ‡4524 01c 32j definition, description, name, term, title (s) (v)
32 j ming2 ‡4524 01c 34d ^ definition, description, name, term, title (s)
yi4 x3021 23m 32k and/then even/still more v; and further, then
ji4 Œ0453 71+7 35k (are, have) already; once, after v (are, have)^
you3 ›7533 01f 33c come to be/exist; (been) assumed; appeared
32 k fu1 21908 02q 37h (but, yet) now, then, after this (one, someone)
yi4 x3021 23m 37h also, especially, (even) more (than ever) (one)
jiang1 ǃ0656 15m 36a (should)(one) intend, prepare, be/get ready to
zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 32 l know, learn, remember, perceive, recognize 32 l
zhi3 @0939 20x 32 l (when/where) to stop, pause; rest(raint) “
32 l zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 33a (to) know, learn, remember, perceive (ing) 44h
zhi3 @0939 20x 35f (when/where) to stop, pause; rest(raint) “
ke3 S3381 01a 34b can, may; (is) apt, fitting, suited to/for; likely to
yi3 J2932 01h 34i (be) beneficial, profitable, useful; (of) use(d)
bu4 5379 02d 33g (in) avoiding, escaping, evading 44h
dai4 ś5990 16s 44h danger, peril, trouble; (the) end, limit(ation) (s) “
32m pi4 ̉5167 149+13 HL suppose, imagine; compare, liken
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 34a (the) way, path, course; process, truth; nature
zhi1 !0935 01e 32n ...’s; ^ of v
zai4 Š6657 24g 49i existence, presence, place, locus vv in, within
tian1 16361 01e 35b (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 35b below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
110
32 n you2 ȣ7528 05f 63p to be as/like; similar/analogous/comparable to
chuan1 1439 15g F (the) (smaller) streams, rivers, creeks, currents
gu3 Û3483 06a 39e & (the) valleys, ravines, channels, watersheds
zhi1 !0935 01e 34c come, extend, go, reach; ^ approach ^ (ing)
yu2 Č7643 08e 34f for, into, to, towards; in/on v (to)
jiang1 Ÿ0638 85+3 66a (the) (great, large) river, stream, waterway (s)
hai3 Ɠ2014 20w 66a & (the) sea, ocean (s) *
33 a zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 33b (^) (to) comprehend, know, understand (s)
ren2 3097 02k 33c (^) another; human(ity, kind); other(s) people
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 33b one(s)/those who(ever) vv (is/are); is/are/means
zhi4 ș0933 03m 65e clever, learned (ness); intelligent, prudent (nce)
33 b zi4 ¦6960 07c 33d (^) ^one(s)/them self(ves); (their) own nature
zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 33e (^) (to) comprehend, know, understand (s) v
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 33c one(s)/those who(ever) vv; is/are/means
ming2 ď4534 10k 36i (is/are) clear, lucid (ity); bright,(ness); wisdom
33 c sheng4 Ȅ5754 31j 33d (^) (to) conquer, control, outdo, overcome (s)
ren2 3097 02k 36m (^) another; human(ity, kind); other(s) (people)
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 33d one(s)/those who(ever) vv; is/are/means (to)
you3 ›7533 01f 33f has, have; possess, take (s); be possessed of
li4 3920 19+0 68f strength, force, energy, might, muscle, power
33 d zi4 ¦6960 07c 34i (^) ^one(s)/them self(ves); (their) own nature
sheng4 Ȅ5754 31j 36j (^, to) conquer, control, outdo, overcome (s)v
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 33e one(s)/those who(ever) vv; is/are/means (to be)
qiang2 LJ0668 03k 33f compelling, energetic, powerful, strong
33 e zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 43d (^) (to) comprehend, know, understand (s)
zu2 Þ6824 17e 35i (^) satisfaction, sufficiency, (what is) enough
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 33f one(s)/those who(ever) vv; is/are/means (to be)
fu4 ȉ1952 09g 57t (is/are) wealth(y), (en)rich(ed); prosperous
33 f qiang2 LJ0668 03k 36d (^) (to be) energetic, strong; force/power(ful)
xing2 ª2754 02 l 41b (^) (in) action, advance, movement, progress
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 33g one(s)/those who(ever) (is/are) (vv); is/means
you3 ›7533 01f 34d has, to have; possess, take (s); be possessed of
zhi4 Ä0971 03j F purpose, will, intention, resolve, direction
33 g bu4 5379 02d 33h (^) do(es)/will not; (to) not, never; to avoid
shi1 \5806 13f 38c (^) (to) forget, lose, neglect, stray (ing) from
qi2 ì0525 01h 34b (^) one’s/their (own) (natural, proper)
suo3 Ĉ5465 07b 42g (^) place, position, purpose; cause, reason (s)
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 33h one(s)/those who(ever) vv; is/are/means (to be)
jiu3 1188 07a 44i (to) continue, endure, last, survive(ors) (ing)

111
33 h si3 ž5589 06a 42n (^) (to) die, pass (s) on; be (ing) mortal
er2 £1756 01 l 34c (^) and, but, yet (still, then, yet); while
bu4 5379 02d 34c (^) do(es) not; not, never; avoid; without
wang2 7034 8+1 41d (^) perish, disappear, pass (ing) away, vanish
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 38o one(s)/those who(ever) vv; is/are/will (to) be
shou4 ɺ5846 33+11 HL (is/are) (truly) long lived, ancient; longevity
34 a da4 5943 13b 34h (a, the) full, great, vast, entire, overall, whole
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 35g way, path, course; principle, process, truth
fan4 j1777 85+2 HL overflows, spreads everywhere; (is a) flood
xi1 *2414 04c 58e (how) vvv !; ...-; here, indeed
34 b qi2 ì0525 01h 34i it/this is; one, something; it, this; one which
ke3 S3381 01a 34f apt, inclined, ready to; can, could, may, might
zuo3 ^6774 31d 79d (be/go) (both) (to the) left
you4 U7541 31e F & (to the) right
34 c wan4 ɛ7030 01f 34e (a, the) myriad, ten thousand; all
wu4 Ĝ7209 01f 34e beings, creatures, entities, things; of creation
shi4 ŋ5779 02o 51p cling, depend, rely, count; trust; adhere (s)
zhi1 !0935 01e 35g (on, upon; in, to) it, this
er2 £1756 01 l 34c for, in, when, where, while, with
sheng1 n5738 02e 39f develop, exist, live (ing); existence, life; alive
er2 £1756 01 l 34e and (still, yet); but, yet; although, while 02m
bu4 5379 02d 34d none, nothing; without being; there is no “
ci2 ̃6984 02m F (is, are) explained, instructed (ion); denied “
34 d gong1 Q3698 02p 77n (the) task, work (s); excellence, merit
cheng2 ˜0379 02f 34j (is, are) completed, accomplished; achieved
sui4 ɱ5530 09i F (and) followed up/through, succeeded in/at
bu4 5379 02d 34e without, with no; regardless/free/in spite of
ming2 ‡4524 01c 34f claim, distinction, name, reputation, title (s)
you3 ›7533 01f 38b (&, or) attainment, claim, domain (s)
34 e yi1 «2989 145+0 HL (^) (is, are) clothe, dress, attire (s, ed, ing)
yang3 ʽ7254 184+6 51n (^) & rear, foster; provide, care (s, ed, ing) for
wan4 ɛ7030 01f 34g (a, the) myriad, ten thousand; all (of)
wu4 Ĝ7209 01f 34g beings, creatures, entities, things; creation vv
er2 £1756 01 l 34g and (still, yet); but, yet (still); although, while
bu4 5379 02d 34g (does) not; without; never; there is no 34g
wei2 ş7059 02a 34g act, perform as; assume, presume (s, ing, ption) “
zhu3 H1336 26g 34g (of, to be) leader(ship), master(y); (or) control “

112
34 f chang2 DŽ0221 01b 37a always, ever, continuously, consistently 01g
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 35h without, with no; lacking; free/devoid of; dis- “
yu4 ǚ7671 01g 36a appetite, desire, intent, motive; passionate “
ke3 S3381 01a 34h (it, this) (is) suited to; allow, invite, permit (s)
ming2 ‡4524 01c 34h (a) claim, distinction, name, reputation, title (s)
yu2 Č7643 08e 36k relate(d, ing, ive)/referring to; as to, for, of
xiao3 2605 32b 52n (the) common, ordinary, small (ness); humility
34g wan4 ɛ7030 01f 37d (but, yet as) (a, the) myriad, ten thousand; all
wu4 Ĝ7209 01f 37d beings, creatures, entities, things; of creation
gui1 ˬ3617 14 l 52q return, submit; come (s) back/home; belong
yan1 Ǥ7330 02m 60i here, herein, to it/this
er2 £1756 01 l 35c and (still, yet); but, yet; although, even, while
bu4 5379 02d 34i there is no; never, without, with no 34e
wei2 ş7059 02a 34h act, perform as; assume, presume (s, ing, ion) “
zhu3 H1336 26g 69b (of, to be, as) leader(ship), master(y); control “
34 h ke3 S3381 01a 35k (it/this)(is) suited to; invite, permit (s, ing)
ming2 ‡4524 01c 37f (a) claim, distinction, name, reputation, title (s)

wei2 ş7059 02a 34i as, about (being); of, for, to; assume (s, ing)
da4 5943 13b 34i (the) great, grand, whole (ness); importance
34 i yi3 J2932 01h 36m therefore, thus; because, since; ^ because ^
qi2 ì0525 01h 34j (as) it, this, such; it is v it, this
zhong1 ǯ1500 23b 52j ^ after all, ever, in the end; ^ 63 l
bu4 5379 02d 35c does/will not v; } (will) never “
zi4 ¦6960 07c 37d ^ itself, its own (nature); self ^
wei2 ş7059 02a 37a assume, consider, regard, construe (s) v as 63 l
da4 5943 13b 34j (to be) great, complete, developed, mature “
34 j gu4 Ő3455 01g 38k (and) so; therefore, thus, hence; in this way 63m
neng2 ơ4648 07b 37c ^ (it) can; (is) able, fit, possible; capable of “
cheng2 ˜0379 02f 41r ^ (to) achieve, establish, fulfill, realize (ing) “
qi2 ì0525 01h 35h it (is) vv its; this, such “
da4 5943 13b 35a greatness, completion, development, maturity “
35 a zhi2 ƽ0996 14r 64n (at)tend, get, grasp, hold, keep, maintain (to)
da4 5943 13b 38s (the) grand, great, big, overall, complete 41t
xiang4 ȳ2568 04 l 41t image, picture, pattern, form, design, model ”
35 b tian1 16361 01e 37j (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 37j below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
wang3 Ą7050 60+5 35c advance, continue, (make) progress (s); travel vv

113
35 c wang3 Ą7050 35b 80g advance, continue, (make) progress; travel (s)
er2 £1756 01 l 37b and (still, yet); but, yet (also, still); where, while
bu4 5379 02d 35i ^ no; without; never; avoid(s); ^ -lessly; [a-
hai4 ƅ2015 40+7 56m do(es, ing) (v) harm, injury (s); -himsa]
35 d an1 ”0026 15u 64a (a, to be) steady, contented (ness), secure(ity)
ping2 `5303 51+2 HL (&) (at) peace(ful), serene(ity); even(ness)
tai4 36020 17a F (is, are) best; greatness; (the) ultimate; abound
35 e yue4 ʩ4129 23m 66 l (for) music, song [ap le4, see main gloss]
yu3 ʕ7615 08h 36h (along/together) with; as well as; and (other)
er3 ʞ1750 184+6 HL (fine) food(s); temptations, enticements, bait
35 f guo4 ɴ3730 162+9 61 l (the) passing, transient, errant, traveling
ke4 ł3324 15k 69c guest, stranger, caller, visitor, newcomer (s)
zhi3 @0939 20x 44h (will) linger, stop, stay, rest, settle down
35 g dao4 ɰ6136 01a 37a (but) (the) way, path course; principle, truth
zhi1 !0935 01e 35i ...’s; ^^ of v; as it/this (is); that/which (is)
chu1 O1409 01k 47a (^) expression (ed); arise, emerge (s); set forth
yan2 Ú7334 02 l 41h verbal v; verbally, in language/words/speech
35 h dan4 Ǟ6053 31i F ^ indifferent, bland, insipid, weak, thin, plain
hu1 I2154 05f 39s how, so v !; (is) ^^^ (not) v ?
qi2 ì0525 01h 38t it, this (is); its; in its; such, what a(n)
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 37a has no; -less; lack/want (s, ing), absence in/of
wei4 ð7115 12c 63c flavor(-), taste(-); (?)
35 i shi4 ȱ5789 14a 59k (when) look, gaze, examine, watch (ed) 14a
zhi1 !0935 01e 35j at/for/(in)to/upon it/this; it/this “
bu4 5379 02d 35j it/this/there is/will be not, little, nothing; fails “
zu2 Þ6824 17e 35j enough, much; (enough/much) to satisfy
jian4 Ø0860 03e 47d to observe, see, view; (the) sight, vision 14a
35 j ting1 ̘6402 14c F (when) listen, hearken (ed) 14c
zhi1 !0935 01e 35k to/for it/this; it/this “
bu4 5379 02d 35k it/this/there is/will be not, little, nothing; fails “
zu2 Þ6824 17e 41g enough, much; (enough/much) to satisfy
wen2 ʓ7142 14c 41a to hear, detect; (the) hearing 14c
35 k yong4 o7567 04a 40b (but) (when/in) apply, use, practice (d, ing)
zhi1 !0935 01e 36a it/this is/will be; (is) (^^^) it/this
bu4 5379 02d 36k (it/this is) not, un-; ^ not, never, rarely
ke3 S3381 01a 36k about, apt, likely; may, might, can, will, would v
ji4 Œ0453 32j 52c (to) (be) complete, exhaust (ed); done, used up

114
36 a jiang1 ǃ0656 15m 36c when; hold, have (ing); as, if, should (one)
yu4 ǚ7671 01g 36c (a, the) desire, intend, long, want, wish (s, ing)
xi4 ˆ2476 76+12 49j to contract, collect, compress, shrink, close ^ up
zhi1 !0935 01e 36b (a, the) thing(s), something
36 b bi4 b5109 30f 36d (^) must ^ first (be); first be ^ to; always be
gu4 ö3450 31+5 36d (^) assured, certain, decided, sure (ly) (be)
zhang1 dž0195 57+8 77b (^) (to) stretch, lengthen, extend, expand (ed)
zhi1 !0935 01e 36c it, this, things (vvv); them; they vvv
36 c jiang1 ǃ0656 15m 36e when; hold, have (ing); as, if, should (one)
yu4 ǚ7671 01g 36e (a, the) desire, intend, long, want, wish (s, ing)
ruo4 Ɖ3128 03j 36j to enfeeble, gentle, relax, soften, weaken
zhi1 !0935 01e 36d (a, the) thing(s), something
36 d bi4 b5109 30f 36f (^) must ^ first (be); first be ^ to; always be
gu4 ö3450 36b 36f (^) sure, assured, certain, decided (ly) (be)
qiang2 LJ0668 03k 36j (^) (to) fortify, strengthen, empower (ed)
zhi1 !0935 01e 36e it, this, things (vvv); them; they vvv
36 e jiang1 ǃ0656 15m 36g when; hold, have (ing); as, if, should (one)
yu4 ǚ7671 01g 36g (a, the) desire, intend, long, want, wish (s, ing)
fei4 ʢ1848 18a F to abolish, abrogate, dispense/do away with
zhi1 !0935 01e 36f (a, the) thing(s), something
36 f bi4 b5109 30f 36h (^) must ^ first (be); first be ^ to; always be
gu4 ö3450 36b 36h (^) sure, assured, certain, decided (ly) (be)
xing1 ˍ2753 134+9 HL (^) (to) establish, promote (d); set (^) up
zhi1 !0935 01e 36g it, this, things (vvv); them; they vvv
36 g jiang1 ǃ0656 15m 37d when; hold, have (ing); as, if, should (one)
yu4 ǚ7671 01g 37e (a, the) desire, intend, long, want, wish (s, ing)
duo2 ɻ6433 37+11 HL to deprive, despoil; usurp, seize, take away
zhi1 !0935 01e 36h (a, the) thing(s), something
36 h bi4 b5109 30f 44e (^) must ^ first (be); first be ^ to; always be
gu4 ö3450 36b 55f (^) sure, assured, certain, decided (ly) (be)
yu3 ʕ7615 08h 44a (^) (to) assist, endow, help, support (ed); given
zhi1 !0935 01e 36 l it, this, things (vvv); them; they vvv
36 i shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 38b (so) it/this is/may b ^ this; this
wei4 ˓7079 01m 39q called, styled, known as; call v; describes
wei2 Ɍ7061 14f 64d (a, the) subtle, intricate; obscure, covert
ming2 ď4534 01k 41i clarity, discernment, intelligence, perception

115
36 j rou2 ŗ3133 10c 43a (the) adaptable, flexible, supple, yielding 78f
ruo4 Ɖ3128 03j 40b & delicate, gentle, soft, tender, weak 78e
sheng4 Ȅ5754 31j 45h master, overcome, subdue, surpass (s) 78ef
gang1 Ɓ3268 18+8 78f (the) firm, tough, resolute, persistent 78f
qiang2 LJ0668 03k 42n & hard, forceful, powerful, strong 78e
36 k yu2 ȁ7668 195+0 HL (a, the) fish(es)
bu4 5379 02d 36m is/are not/un-/ill-; ^ not (be); ^ -not (be)
ke3 S3381 01a 36m adapted, fit, suited; should v; can- v
tuo1 DZ6468 130+7 54b out; escape; be free; taken, removed; ^
yu2 Č7643 08e 40c from, of; above, atop, out of } leave
yuan1 ǡ7723 04c F (the) deep, depth(s); (deep) pool, water (s)
36 l guo2 Ƹ3738 10g 54j (a, the) country, domain(inion), realm, state
zhi1 !0935 01e 37c ...’s; ^^ of, in, for v
li4 ´3867 08b 53j effective, productive, profitable; sharp (est)
qi4 ˁ0549 11c 41r implements, instruments, tools; weapons
36m bu4 5379 02d 37b is/are not/un-/ill-/in-; ^ not (be); ^ -not (be)
ke3 S3381 01a 44i appropriate, fit, suited; should v; can- v
yi3 J2932 01h 37f to/for (the purpose/sake of) (being)
shi4 u5788 113+0 HL show, reveal, demonstrate, exhibit (ed, ing) to
ren2 3097 02k 42g any/every-one; (the) other(s) people, society
37 a dao4 ɰ6136 01a 38k (the) way, path, course; principle, process
chang2 DŽ0221 01b 46i (is) always, ever; abides, endures in; ^
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 37b without; (in) no/not/non/in-; } never 48e
wei2 ş7059 02a 37b (take) (v) act(ion), perform, meddle (s, ing) “
37 b er2 £1756 01 l 37e and, but, yet (still, yet); although, while 48e
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 37f nothing; does/will not; never, rarely, seldom “
bu4 5379 02d 37i is not, is left/remains un-; fail(s) “
wei2 ş7059 02a 38e done; (to) accomplish, act, perform, work (ed) “
37 c hou2 IJ2135 32d 39g ^ marquis, duke, governor, leader (s) 32d
wang2 F7037 16o 39g ^ &/or king, ruler, sovereign (s) “
ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 41d (so) assuming, if vv were; were vv “
neng2 ơ4648 07b 63m able, competent, fit to; capable of ^...(ing) “
shou3 “5844 05j 52f grasp, guard, hold, keep, maintain, observe “
zhi1 !0935 01e 37f it, this, such (a thing); themselves “
37 d wan4 ɛ7030 01f 39f (a, the) myriad, ten thousand; all (of) 32e
wu4 Ĝ7209 01f 39f beings, creatures, entities, things; creation “
jiang1 ǃ0656 15m 37f will, would (promptly, quickly, soon, then) “
zi4 ¦6960 07c 37j ^ on its/their own; by itself/themselves “
hua4 .2211 21+2 37e change, evolve, mature, reform, transform v

116
37 e hua4 .2211 37d 57p change, transform, evolve, reform (ed) (^)
er2 £1756 01 l 38e and/but then; (and) should (the) v then
yu4 ǚ7671 01g 37h desire, long, want, wish (s), be/is inclined to
zuo4 ¯6780 02m 55h to create, manifest, flourish; excitement
37 f wu2 µ7188 04k 42o I, we
jiang1 ǃ0656 15m 37h will, would; can, could (then); am/are ready to
zhen4 ˸0299 167+10 HL guard, protect, contain; subdue, temper
zhi1 !0935 01e 37f it, this, them, these; (such) (a) thing(s)
yi3 J2932 01h 37i by (way/means of); through, using, with
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 37g (the) ^^ ill-, in-, non-, not-; ^ -less
ming2 ‡4524 01c 37g name(-v), define(d, ite, ition); descri(pt, bable)
zhi1 !0935 01e 37g ...’s; ^ of vv; in/with its; resort to; regard for
pu3 ˅5354 15o 37g artlessness; original nature/simplicity
37 g wu2 ȡ7180 01e 37h (with) (the) ill-, in-, non-, not-; ^ -less
ming2 ‡4524 01c 41u name(-v), define(d, ite, ition); descri(pt, bable)
zhi1 !0935 01e 38f ...’s; ^ of vv; in/with its; resort to; regard for
pu3 ˅5354 15o 57v artlessness; original nature/simplicity
37 h fu1 21908 02q 38o (now, then) one/they; this/these; that/which
yi4 x3021 23m 42m also, further(more), likewise, moreover, too
jiang1 ǃ0656 15m 37j will, would; can, could (then); (will) tend to
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 38d lack, want, have no; be without/free of/from
yu4 ǚ7671 01g 37i ambition, appetite, craving, desire, longing (s)
37 i bu4 5379 02d 38a have no, lack; be (ing) without/free from/of
yu4 ǚ7671 01g 39u ambition, appetite, craving, desire, longing (s)
yi3 J2932 01h 38b (is)(a, the) way/means to; (be)comes, leads to
jing4 ˗1154 15t 45i calm, stillness, patience, serenity, tranquility
37 j tian1 16361 01e 39b (&) (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 38c below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
jiang1 ǃ0656 15m 39i will, would; can, should (then); is/are ready to
zi4 ¦6960 07c 39q ^ itself, themselves (naturally); its own course
ding4 þ6393 40+5 HL arrange, determine, fix, order, resolve, settle v
38 a shang4 5669 08a 38e (the) superior, supreme, eminent, high(er, est)
de2 ʤ6162 10q 38a character, virtue, merit, quality; fitness, power
bu4 5379 02d 38c is not (about); has no; is/does without
de2 ʤ6162 10q 38b character(ized), virtue(ous), merit; power(ful)
38 b shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 38d (&) this is; so it is; ^
yi3 J2932 01h 38d how, why; that; } therefore, thus (it, this)
you3 ›7533 01f 38f is, has; (to) attain, be, find, hold, learn, retain (s)
de2 ʤ6162 10q 38c character, virtue, merit; fit(ness); power(ful)

117
38 c xia4 2520 02a 38f (the) inferior; base, common, low (er, est)
de2 ʤ6162 10q 38c character, virtue, merit, quality; fitness, power
bu4 5379 02d 38u does/will not; will never, rarely, seldom
shi1 \5806 13f 38k forget, forgo, stray from, let go of, relinquish
de2 ʤ6162 10q 38d character, virtue, merit, quality; fitness, power
38 d shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 38s (&) this is; so it is; ^
yi3 J2932 01h 38e how, why; that; } therefore, thus (it, this)
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 38e there is no; it is not; ^ is absent, gone, lacking
de2 ʤ6162 10q 38e character, virtue, merit; fit(ness), power(ful) (v)
38 e shang4 5669 08a 38g (the) superior, supreme, eminent, high(er, est)
de2 ʤ6162 10q 38f character, virtue, merit, quality; fitness, power
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 38e ^ no ^; is without/with no; is/does/will not
wei2 ş7059 02a 38e takes v act(ion); do; interfere, meddle (ing)
er2 £1756 01 l 38f and (also, even, moreover, simply, so, still, then)
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 38g is without/with no/devoid of; has no; lacks
yi3 J2932 01h 38f motive, purpose, reason, regard, use for/to
wei2 ş7059 02a 38f act(ion), do, perform; interfere, meddle (ing)
38 f xia4 2520 02a 39g (the) inferior; base, common, low (er, est)
de2 ʤ6162 10q 38k character, virtue, merit, quality; fitness, power
wei2 ş7059 02a 38f acts, does, performs; interferes, meddles
zhi1 !0935 01e 38g in, for, (up)on, to, with others/(some)thing(s)
er2 £1756 01 l 38g and (^) (also, even, moreover, so, still, then)
you3 ›7533 01f 38h there is/will be; has; claim, find, hold, retain (s)
yi3 J2932 01h 38g (a) motive, purpose, reason, regard, use for/to
wei2 ş7059 02a 38g act(ion), do, perform; interfere, meddle (ing)
38 g shang4 5669 08a 38h (the) superior, supreme, eminent, high(er, est)
ren2 $3099 05a 38 l benevolence, charity, humanity, selflessness
wei2 ş7059 02a 38g acts, does, performs; interferes, meddles
zhi1 !0935 01e 38h in, for, (up)on, to, with others/(some)thing(s)
er2 £1756 01 l 38h and (yet); but, yet (still); although, while
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 39i is without/with no/devoid of; has no; lacks
yi3 J2932 01h 38h (a) motive, purpose, reason, regard, use for/to
wei2 ş7059 02a 38h act(ion), do, perform; interfere, meddle (ing)

118
38 h shang4 5669 08a 38i (the) superior, supreme, eminent, high(er, est)
yi4 ɟ3002 18b 38m righteousness, morality, principle, justice
wei2 ş7059 02a 38h acts, does, performs; interferes, meddles
zhi1 !0935 01e 38i in, for, (up)on, to, with others/(some)thing(s)
er2 £1756 01 l 38i and (^) (also, even, moreover, so, still, then)
you3 ›7533 01f 40c there is/will be; has; claim, find, hold, retain (s)
yi3 J2932 01h 38s (a) motive, purpose, reason, regard, use for/to
wei2 ş7059 02a 38i act(ion), do, perform; interfere, meddle (ing)
38 i shang4 5669 08a 41a (the) superior, supreme, eminent, high(er, est)
li3 ˯3886 31r 38n propriety, ceremony, ritual, protocol, etiquette
wei2 ş7059 02a 39g acts, does, performs; interferes, meddles
zhi1 !0935 01e 38i in, for, (up)on, to, with others/(some)thing(s)
er2 £1756 01 l 38j and, although, but, yet (then) if/when/where
mo4 Dz4557 09f 46e nobody, none, nothing; there is no/not any
zhi1 !0935 01e 38j ^ about/to/with it, this, (such)(a)thing(s)
ying4 ˚7477 61+13 73h respond(nse), reply, reciprocate, agree (s)v
38 j ze2 ķ6746 03o 55p then, usually (as a result/rule, in due order)
rang3 ̇3079 64+17 69g ^ (are) bared/laid bare; pulled/rolled up
bi4 ˠ5107 130+13 69g (fore)arms; sleeves v
er2 £1756 01 l 38k and (instead, simply, so, then); as, while
reng1 c3122 64+2 69h (^) (is/are) throw, hurl (s, ed, ing); forces
zhi1 !0935 01e 38o objects, others; (a) (some)thing(s) (v); itself
38 k gu4 Ő3455 01g 38x (and) so; therefore, thus, hence, consequently
shi1 \5806 13f 38 l forget, lose, neglect; depart/deviate/stray from
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 38q (the) way, path, road, course; principle, truth
er2 £1756 01 l 38 l and (then); but, still, yet
hou4 Ņ2143 02j 38 l after/behind (it/that) later/next/then (is/comes)
de2 ʤ6162 10q 38 l character, virtue, merit, quality; fitness, power
38 l shi1 \5806 13f 38m forget, lose, neglect; depart/deviate/stray from
de2 ʤ6162 10q 41 l character, virtue, merit, quality; fitness, power
er2 £1756 01 l 38m and (then); but, still, yet
hou4 Ņ2143 02j 38m after/behind (it/that) later/next/then (is/comes)
ren2 $3099 05a 38m benevolence, charity, humanity, selflessness
38m shi1 \5806 13f 38n forget, lose, neglect; depart/deviate/stray from
ren2 $3099 05a F benevolence, charity, humanity, selflessness
er2 £1756 01 l 38n and (then); but, still, yet
hou4 Ņ2143 02j 38n after/behind (it/that) later/next/then (is/comes)
yi4 ɟ3002 18b 38n righteousness, morality, principle, justice

119
38 n shi1 \5806 13f 64n forget, lose, neglect; depart/deviate/stray from
yi4 ɟ3002 18b F righteousness, morality, principle, justice
er2 £1756 01 l 38p and (then); but, still, yet
hou4 Ņ2143 02j 65p after/behind (it/that) later/next/then (is/comes)
li3 ˯3886 31r 38o propriety, ceremony, ritual, protocol, etiquette
38 o fu1 21908 02q 38s now, then; so, thus; such, this; but, yet
li3 ˯3886 31r F propriety, ceremony, ritual, protocol, etiquette
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 38q is (but); indicates, means, suggests (the)
zhong1 Ć1506 18h F (^) loyalty, fidelity, constancy, dedication
xin4 ı2748 08i 49f (^) & assurance, faith, sincerity, trust, truth
zhi1 !0935 01e 38p ...’s; (a, the) ^ of/in/to/for vv
bo2 ˢ5326 140+13 38u diminishment, disdain; husk, veneer, sham
38 p er2 £1756 01 l 38r and (also, merely, so, then, thus); along with
luan4 Ƀ4220 03f 64f confusion, disorder, distraction, chaos
zhi1 !0935 01e 38q ...’s; has; ^ of/to/for v
shou3 Ź5839 14p F (a, the) beginning, head, lead, first principle
38 q qian2 Ķ0919 02j 66j (being) (the) first; advance(d), early, ahead; pre-
shi2 ́5825 15c F (to, in) know(ledge); (re, -)cognition; -diction
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 39a is (but); indicates, means, suggests (the)
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 40a (the) way, path, course; process, truth; nature
zhi1 !0935 01e 38r ...’s; ^ about/of/to v
hua2 Ȯ2217 140+8 38w flower, blossom (s); splendor, glamor
38 r er2 £1756 01 l 41b and (also, merely, so, then, thus); along with
yu2 ɍ7624 20q 65c ignorance, folly, stupidity, delusion, nonsense
zhi1 !0935 01e 39a ...’s; has; (a, the) ^ of/in/to/for v
shi3 ú5772 01e 52a beginning, onset, precursor, source, start
38 s shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 39q this is; & so it is; ^ this; ^
yi3 J2932 01h 39b why; that applying v; } therefore, hence
da4 5943 13b 41f ^ great(ly), very, most, fully; seasoned, noble
zhang4 0200 1+2 HL ^ (&) mature, grown, responsible, senior
fu1 21908 02q 41v (the) one(s)/those/someone who is/are vv
38 t chu3 dz1407 02k 38v dwell, abide, stay; maintain, keep, hold (s)
qi2 ì0525 01h 38u in/with the/their/such/things; (to) the, their
hou4 ĺ2147 27+7 44f substance(tial), thick; genuineness; strengths
38 u bu4 5379 02d 38w (and) (do) not; instead of, rather than
ju1 ă1535 02p 38w dwell, linger, remain, rest, settle, stay (ing)
qi2 ì0525 01h 38v in/on/with/for the/their/such/things
bo2 ˢ5326 38o F thin; husk, veneer, sham; superficial, surface

120
38 v chu3 dz1407 02k 66h dwell, abide, stay; maintain, keep, hold (s)
qi2 ì0525 01h 38w in/with the/their/such/things; (to) the/their
shi2 ɿ5821 03i F (seed bearing) fruit(ion, ful); substance
38 w bu4 5379 02d 39q (and) (do) not; instead of, rather than
ju1 ă1535 02p 72c dwell, linger, remain, rest, settle, stay (ing)
qi2 ì0525 01h 39h in/on/with/for the/their/such/things
hua2 Ȯ2217 38q F flower(y), blossom (s); splendor, glamor(ous)
38 x gu4 Ő3455 01g 39o (and) so; therefore, thus, hence, in this way 72k
qu4 R1594 02r 72k dismiss, leave, let go of, put away, quit (ing) “
bi3 ą5093 12j 72k that, those; the other; there and then (&/to) “
qu3 î1615 12j 48f accept, choose, grasp, pick up, seek (ing) “
ci3 6972 01k 39r this, This, these; here and now “
39 a xi1 č2493 72+4 HL in/from/since the beginning; ^ of antiquity, old
zhi1 !0935 01e 39h ^ (things) (that/which) have (come to); came to
de2 Lj6161 03c 39b ^ attain, possess, gain, grasp, discover (ed)
yi1
3016 10a 39b ^ integrity, union, unity; (the) one, whole (ness)
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 40a one(s)/those; these, the following vvv
39 b tian1 16361 01e 39g heaven, (the) sky, celestial
de2 Lj6161 03c 39c attained, possessed, gained, grasped, learned
yi1
3016 10a 39c integrity, union, unity; (the) one, whole (ness)
yi3 J2932 01h 39c (thereby) becoming; (as) (the) way/means to
qing1 ǟ1171 15t 39i clear, pure, lucid (ity); resolve(d); resolution
39 c di4 ‰6198 01e 39j (the) earth, ground, land, world; terrestrial
de2 Lj6161 03c 39d attained, possessed, gained, grasped, learned
yi1
3016 10a 39d integrity, union, unity; (the) one, whole (ness)
yi3 J2932 01h 39d (thereby) becoming; (as) (the) way/means to
ning2 ɼ4725 40+11 39j peace(ful), serene(ity); calm; steady(ness)
39 d shen2 ƚ5716 06a 39k (the) spirit(s), divinity(ies), deity(ies); sacred
de2 Lj6161 03c 39e attained, possessed, gained, grasped, learned
yi1
3016 10a 39e integrity, union, unity; (the) one, whole (ness)
yi3 J2932 01h 39e (thereby) becoming; (as) (the) way/means to
ling2 ̞4071 173+16 39k (the) ingenious, subtle, sacred, wonderful
39 e gu3 Û3483 06a 39 l (the) valley, channel, watercourse/shed (s)
de2 Lj6161 03c 39f attained, possessed, gained, grasped, learned
yi1
3016 10a 39f integrity, union, unity; (the) one, whole (ness)
yi3 J2932 01h 39f (thereby) becoming; (as) (the) way/means to
ying2 Ť7474 04b 39 l abundant(nce); full(fill)(ed), replenished (ment)

121
39 f wan4 ɛ7030 01f 39m (a, the) myriad, ten thousand; all
wu4 Ĝ7209 01f 39m beings, creatures, entities, things; of creation
de2 Lj6161 03c 39g attained, possessed, gained, grasped, learned
yi1
3016 10a 39g integrity, union, unity; (the) one, whole (ness)
yi3 J2932 01h 39g (thereby) (be)coming; (as) (the) way/means to
sheng1 n5738 02e 39m alive, fertile, vital; (to) live, (create) life, living
39 g hou2 IJ2135 32d 39n (the) marquis, duke, governor, leader (s)
wang2 F7037 16o 39n & king, ruler, sovereign (s)
de2 Lj6161 03c 42n attained, possessed, gained, grasped, learned
yi1
3016 10a 42a integrity, union, unity; (the) one, whole (ness)
yi3 J2932 01h 39i coming; (as) (the) way/means to; & came
wei2 ş7059 02a 39o (to) attend (to), conduct, manage, regulate (ing)
tian1 16361 01e 39i (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 39p below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom(s)
zhen1 ů0346 154+2 HL truth, firmness, resolve, persistence
39 h qi2 ì0525 01h 42n these (things); such (as these); this (is what)
zhi4 ū0984 10c 39t found, attain, fulfill, reach (ed); brought ^ about
zhi1 !0935 01e 40a (to) it, this, that; v that v
39 i tian1 16361 01e 40c heaven, (the) sky, celestial
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 39j without, with/having no; were there no
yi3 J2932 01h 39j (the) use of; (a) way/means/recourse to
qing1 ǟ1171 15t 45j clarity, purity, lucidity; resolve, resolution
jiang1 ǃ0656 15m 39j could, might, would (then, soon) (be)
kong3 ƍ3721 61+6 39j perhaps, probably; threaten; apt, likely
lie4 Ȱ3990 145+6 HL (to) split open, come/split apart, divide, rend
39 j di4 ‰6198 01e 50d (the) earth, ground, land, world; terrestrial
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 39k without, with/having no; were there no
yi3 J2932 01h 39k (the) use of; (a) way/means/recourse to
ning2 ɼ4725 39c F peace, tranquility, serenity, calm
jiang1 ǃ0656 15m 39k could, might, would (then, soon) (be)
kong3 ƍ3721 39i 39k perhaps, probably; threaten; apt, likely
fa1 ȥ1768 12e F (to) act/rise/open up, erupt, quake, express
39 k shen2 ƚ5716 06a 60c (the) spirit(s), divinity(ies), deity(ies); sacred
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 39 l without, with/having no; were there no
yi3 J2932 01h 39 l (the) use of; (a) way/means/recourse to
ling2 ̞4071 39d F ingenuity, subtlety, sacredness, wonder
jiang1 ǃ0656 15m 39 l could, might, would (then, soon) (be)
kong3 ƍ3721 39i 39 l perhaps, probably; threaten; apt, likely
xie1 ɖ2642 76+9 HL (to) stop, quit, end, perish; be exhausted, lost

122
39 l gu3 Û3483 06a 41 l (the) valley, channel, watercourse/shed (s)
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 39m without, with/having no; were there no
yi3 J2932 01h 39m (the) use of; (a) way/means/recourse to
ying2 Ť7474 04b 45c abundance, fulfillment, fullness, replenishment
jiang1 ǃ0656 15m 39m could, might, would (then, soon) (be)
kong3 ƍ3721 39i 39m perhaps, probably; threaten; apt, likely
jie2 ʎ0778 117+9 HL (to) dry up, run dry, give out; be exhausted
39m wan4 ɛ7030 01f 40c (the) myriad, ten thousand; all
wu4 Ĝ7209 01f 40c beings, creature, entities, things; of creation
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 39n without, with/having no; were there no
yi3 J2932 01h 39n (the) use of; (a) way/means/recourse to
sheng1 n5738 02e 40c (create) life, living, existence, fertility, vitality
jiang1 ǃ0656 15m 39n could, might, would (then, soon) (be)
kong3 ƍ3721 39i 39n perhaps, probably; threaten; apt, likely
mie4 ɗ4483 85+10 HL (to) go extinct; be erased/extinquished, die out
39 n hou2 IJ2135 32d 39q (the) marquis, duke, governor, leader (s)
wang2 F7037 16o 39q & king, ruler, sovereign (s)
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 39t without, with/having no; were there no
yi3 J2932 01h 39o (the) use of; (a) way/means/recourse to
gui4 ȶ3636 03c 39o dignity, esteem, honor, nobility, respect
gao1 Ʊ3290 02h 39p & eminence, prominence, rank, standing
jiang1 ǃ0656 15m 42o could, might, would (then, soon) (be)
kong3 ƍ3721 39i F perhaps, probably; threaten; apt, likely
jue2 ̂1690 157+12 HL (to) (s)tumble, slip, fall, collapse; be toppled
39 o gu4 Ő3455 01g 39t (and) so; therefore, thus, hence; in this way
gui4 ȶ3636 03c 51f dignity, esteem, honor, nobility, respect
yi3 J2932 01h 39p considers, employs, has, regards, takes, uses
jian4 ʵ0868 154+8 39r (the) disregarded, common, mean, base, lowly
wei2 ş7059 02a 39p to act/be(have)/function/perform/serve as; as
ben3 d5025 26i 39r (a, the) root, stem, source, origin; essential
39 p gao1 Ʊ3290 02h 77c eminence, prominence, rank, standing
yi3 J2932 01h 39q considers, employs, has, regards, takes, uses
xia4 2520 02a 40c (the) base, humble, lowly, mean, subordinate
wei2 ş7059 02a 39r to act/be(have)/function/perform/serve as; as
ji1 ƻ0399 32+8 HL foundation, base(is), ground(work), footing

123
39 q shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 43d this is; (&) so it is; ^ this ^; ^
yi3 J2932 01h 39r why; that; for v reason; } therefore, hence
hou2 IJ2135 32d F (the) marquis, duke, governor, leader (s)
wang2 F7037 16o 42i & king, ruler, sovereign (s)
zi4 ¦6960 07c 51i ^ themselves, their own ^
wei4 ˓7079 01m 51r call, declare, style; refer to, speak of v(as)
gu1 ü3470 39+5 42h fatherless, orphaned, isolated, helpless 42h
gua3 ɽ3517 19j 42h & friendless, alone, widowed, inadequate “
bu4 5379 02d 39u without, with no; un-; ^ -less “
gu3 ̯3490 115+10 42h grain, seed; worth(y, -), hap-, luck- v “
39 r ci3 6972 01k 54t ^ this ^; this; ^ this ^
fei1 į1819 01b 39s is/does v not; is it not; would v not be
yi3 J2932 01h 41g (to) consider, employ, regard, take, use (ing)
jian4 ʵ0868 39o 56o (the) disregarded, common, mean, base, lowly
wei2 ş7059 02a 41g to act/be(have)/function/perform/serve as; as
ben3 d5025 26i F (a, the) root, stem, source, origin; essential
ye2 á2625 07i 62p ? (see note at 7i)
39 s fei1 į1819 01b 53n is it/this not; or no/not; is it/this wrong; not
hu1 I2154 05f F ...?; right ?; so ?; true ?
39 t gu4 Ő3455 01g 41h (and) so; thus, hence; given this; just as, since
zhi4 ū0984 10c F (to) attain, complete, carry out, call for (ing)
shu3 ʨ5865 05i F (ac)counts, enumerations, tallies, estimates
yu2 ˦7618 159+10 39t chariot, vehicle, carriage, cart (s); basis
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 40d is/are not, hardly; will/would not be(come)
yu2 ˦7618 39t 80f chariot, vehicle, carriage, cart (s); basis
39 u bu4 5379 02d 41g do not; have no; avoid; instead of, rather than
yu4 ǚ7671 01g 46e (a, the) crave, desire, long, want, wish (ing)
lu4 ̫8012 96+8 39u to glitter, dazzle; tinkle, jingle
lu4 ̫8012 39u F & tinkle, jingle; glitter, dazzle
ru2 3137 05j 39v like (so much/many); (as well) as
yu4 l7666 09e 70 l (carved) jade (chimes)
39 v luo4 ƕ4124 96+6 39v rumble, rattle, clatter, clunk, clack
luo4 ƕ4124 39v F & rumble, rattle, clatter; ^ common, ordinary
ru2 3137 05j 62 l like (so much/many); (as well) as (v)
shi2 t5813 112+0 HL rocks, stones, cobbles, gravel, talus
40 a fan3 01781 25 l 65o reversal; coming/turning around/back
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 40b is; implies, indicates, means, signifies, suggests
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 40b (the) way, path, course; process, truth; nature
zhi1 !0935 01e 40b ...’s; ^ of/by/in/across/on/over/upon v
dong4 ƶ6611 05h 50d action, activity, movement, motion, conduct
124
40 b ruo4 Ɖ3128 03j 55f softness, suppleness, weakness; yielding
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 42n is; implies, indicates, means, signifies, suggests
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 41a (the) way, path, course; process, truth; nature
zhi1 !0935 01e 41b ...’s; ^ of/by/in/across/on/over/upon v
yong4 o7567 04a 45b application, function, method, operation, use
40 c tian1 16361 01e 43a (^^) (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 41e (^^) below, beneath, underv; } world, kingdom
wan4 ɛ7030 01f 42d & (a, the) myriad, ten thousand; all
wu4 Ĝ7209 01f 42d beings, creatures, entities, things; of creation
sheng1 n5738 02e 40d arise, grow, originate, spring; come forth/to be
yu2 Č7643 08e 40d from, out of; amidst, in, within
you3 ›7533 01f 40d being, existence, presence; something
40 d you3 ›7533 01f 41h being, existence, presence; something
sheng1 n5738 02e 42a arise, grow, originate (s); come(s) forth/to be
yu2 Č7643 08e 46d from, out of; amidst, in, within
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 41q no(-)thing(ness); non-being/existence
41 a shang4 5669 08a 41 l (when) (a, the) superior; higher, better (est)
shi4 5776 15a 41c scholar, student, disciple, adherent (s)
wen2 ʓ7142 14c 41c (up)(on) hear, learn, listen (s, ing) of/about/to
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 41c (the) way, path, road, course; principle, truth
41 b qin2 Ɇ1097 06f 52j (they) make (an) effort; (are) diligent, earnest
er2 £1756 01 l 42e and (simply, so, then, thus); in, when, while
xing2 ª2754 02 l 47g advance, apply, go, practice, progress (ing)
zhi1 !0935 01e 41f (in, with) it, this, such
41 c zhong1 1504 05j F (when) average, in-between, mediocre, middling
shi4 5776 41a 41e scholar, student, disciple, adherent (s)
wen2 ʓ7142 14c 41e (up)(on) hear, learn, listen (s, ing) of/about/to
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 41e (the) way, path, road, course; principle, truth
41 d ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 41d (are) sometimes; seem to be/half; as much
cun2 ’6891 04j F (is/are) present, attend; persist; inquire
ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 41i (&) sometimes; seem to be/half; as (is/are)
wang2 7034 33h 44c absent, go away; quit, forget, lose interest
41 e xia4 2520 02a 43a (when) inferior; (the) common, mean, low (est)
shi4 5776 41a 68a scholar, student, disciple, adherent (s)
wen2 ʓ7142 14c 50h (up)(on) hear, learn, listen (s, ing) of/about/to
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 41g (the) way, path, road, course; principle, truth
41 f da4 5943 13b 41m (have, with) (^) great, loud (ly); much, a lot of
xiao4 Ɯ2615 118+4 41g laugh(ter); ridicule, deride (v); mirth; derision
zhi1 !0935 01e 41h (about/at/for) it, this, (such)(a) thing(s)

125
41 g bu4 5379 02d 41g without, with no; lacking; were there no
xiao4 Ɯ2615 41f F (the) laughter, ridicule, mirth, derision, jeering
bu4 5379 02d 41n (there is/would be) no; it/this lacks/wants
zu2 Þ6824 17e 41n basis, footing, ground(s), support (to/for)
yi3 J2932 01h 42f (to) consider, deem, regard, take, think (ing) of
wei2 ş7059 02a 42f (it/this) as (being), to be; in the part/role of
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 41i (the) way, path, road, course; principle, truth
41 h gu4 Ő3455 01g 42j (and) so; therefore, thus, hence, consequently
jian4 ń0853 54+6 41o (the) established, classic, old, proverbial
yan2 Ú7334 02 l 43e opinions, proverbs, sayings, theories, words
you3 ›7533 01f 43c claim, have, hold, maintain; take (^) for granted
zhi1 !0935 01e 42g (it) (v) that; this; these, the following (things):
41 i ming2 ď4534 10k 52n (the) brightness, clarity, light; enlightened
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 41j (in, of, on, to, with) (the) way, path; truth
ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 41j is as good as; (the) equal of/to; seems (as/like)
mei4 ŕ4411 14j F darkness, obscurity, gloom; confounded, dim
41 j jin4 ȹ1091 162+8 62 l advance, progress (ing), going forward/ahead
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 41k (in, of, on, to, with) (the) way, path; truth
ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 41k is as good as; (the) equal of/to; seems (as/to)
tui4 Ƭ6568 09i 69e retreat, withdrawal; retire, regress, yield (ing)
41 k yi2 Œ2982 14b 53d (the) level, even, smooth, plain (ness)
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 41u (in, of, on, to, with) (the) way, path; truth
ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 41 l is as good as; (the) equal of/to; seems (as/like)
lei4 ̻4245 120+15 HL uneven, rough, knotted, tangled (ness)
41 l shang4 5669 08a 66d (a, the) superior; high, lofty (er, est); summit of
de2 ʤ6162 10q 41n character, virtue, merit, quality; fitness, power
ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 41m is as good as; (the) equal of/to; seems (as/like)
gu3 Û3483 06a 66a (a, the) valley, channel, watercourse/shed
41m da4 5943 13b 41q (a, the) great, pure (er, est); better, best; most
bai2 r4975 10k F white/plain (ness); clear, pure(ity); immaculate
ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 41n is as good as; (the) equal of; seems (as/to be)
ru3 ƪ3154 13a 44g defiled, disgraced, soiled, spotted, stained
41 n guang3 ʣ3590 53+12 67n (a, the) ample, abundant, liberal, extensive
de2 ʤ6162 10q 41o character, virtue, merit, quality; fitness, power
ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 41o is as good as; (the) equal of; seems (as/to be)
bu4 5379 02d 42h (the) less than; not, never, hardly; in-, un-; de-
zu2 Þ6824 17e 44g enough; adequate, satisfying, sufficient; -ficient

126
41 o jian4 ń0853 41h 54a (a, the) (most) established, constituted; firmest
de2 ʤ6162 10q 49e character, virtue, merit, quality; fitness, power
ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 41p is as good as; (the) equal of; seems (as/to be)
tou1 ƴ6488 9+9 HL furtive, clandestine, illicit, stealthy, sneaky
41 p zhi4 ʷ1009 154+8 HL (a, the) material, evident, affirmed, attested
zhen1 ƙ0297 21k 54e truth, reality, actuality, fact, substance
ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 45a is as good as; (the) equal of; seem (as/to be)
yu2 ȝ7635 85+9 HL changeable, fickle, capricious, spurious, flawed
41 q da4 5943 13b 41r (a, the) great (er, est); best, (most) perfect
fang1 <1802 70+0 58n square, quadrant, quarter, boundary
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 41t is without; lacks, has no
yu2 Ⱦ7626 170+9 HL corner, angle, vertex (s)
41 r da4 5943 13b 41s (a, the) great (er, est); best, (most) perfect
qi4 ˁ0549 11c 57h ability, capacity, talent; instrument, vessel (is)
wan3 ǖ7014 72+7 HL late in life; the last/latest (to be); takes longest
cheng2 ˜0379 02f 41v (to) (be) achieve, complete, fulfill, realize (ed)
41 s da4 5943 13b 41t (a, the) great (er, est); best, (most) perfect
yin1 Ŷ7418 02i F tone, note, sound, pitch (s)
xi1 À2416 14d 43g (is, are) (the) faint, rare, strange (est); rarely
sheng1 ˟5748 02i 80q (in) voice(d), song, sound (s); (made) known
41 t da4 5943 13b 44e (a, the) great (er, est); best, (most) perfect 35a
xiang4 ȳ2568 04 l F image, picture, pattern, form, outline, model “
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 41u is without; lacks, has no
xing2 Á2759 59+4 51c form, shape, figure, contrast, outline, contour
41 u dao4 ɰ6136 01a 41v (the) way, path; principle, process, truth
yin3 ˨7448 170+14 HL (is) mysterious, hidden, concealed, withdrawn
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 43c (&) without; has no; ^-less; not, non-; in-, un-
ming2 ‡4524 01c 44a name(-v), define(d, ite, ition); descri(pt, able)
41 v fu1 21908 02q 50f (but, yet) ^ as (this); ^
wei2 Ʒ7064 02q 42g inasmuch, insofar v; } because...(there is)
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 42a (the) way; principle, process, truth; nature
shan4 ȭ5657 02c 49c (is) adept, good, skilled at; able, competent to
dai4 ȷ6000 154+5 HL allow, tolerate, accept (ence, ing); lend(ing) itself
qie3 G0803 07b 67p (there/it is) also, then, further, more than, greater
cheng2 ˜0379 02f 45a achieve, accomplish, complete, fulfill (ment, ing)
42 a dao4 ɰ6136 01a 46a (the) way, course; principle, process, truth
sheng1 n5738 02e 42b beget, create, develop, bring (s, ed) forth
yi1
3016 10a 42b integrity, union, unity; (the) one*, whole (ness)

127
42 b yi1
3016 10a 67j integrity, union, unity; (the) one, whole (ness)
sheng1 n5738 02e 42c beget, create, develop, produce (s, ed)
er4 1751 7+0 42c duality, polarity, (the) two
42 c er4 1751 42b 67k duality, polarity, (the) two
sheng1 n5738 02e 42d beget, create, develop, produce (s, ed)
san1
5415 11a 42d triplicity, trinity, (the) three
42 d san1
5415 11a 50b triplicity, trinity, (the) three
sheng1 n5738 02e 46d beget, create, develop, produce (s, ed)
wan4 ɛ7030 01f 42e (a, the) myriad, ten thousand; all
wu4 Ĝ7209 01f 42e beings, creatures, entities, things; of creation
42 e wan4 ɛ7030 01f 51e (a, the) myriad, ten thousand; all
wu4 Ĝ7209 01f 42j beings, creatures, entities, things; of creation
fu4 Ű1956 154+2 HL bear, carry, sustain, support, uphold; suffer
yin1 ǿ7444 170+8 HL (the) shadow, darkness, inertial, mysterious
er2 £1756 01 l 42i and; (even) when, while (also); along with
bao4 ċ4938 10a 54b accept, adopt, carry, embrace, grasp (ing)
yang2 Ƚ7265 170+9 HL (the) light, sunshine, dynamic, known
42 f chong1 Î1523 04a 45c blend, reconcile, combine, mix, infuse (ing)
qi4 Ƒ0554 10c 55o (the, these) (vital) breaths, energies, forces, spirits
yi3 J2932 01h 42i using; by, in, with; by way/means of; (in order) to
wei2 ş7059 02a 42i (^) action; acting, performing; to achieve, make
he2 ò2115 02i 55k (in) (a) concert, harmony(ious); responsive v
42 g ren2 3097 02k 42 l (the) folk, human being, other (s) people 42 l
zhi1 !0935 01e 42j (will) have/hold/keep/maintain (their) “
suo3 Ĉ5465 07b 42 l cause, ground, position, reason (s) for/in/to “
e4 ȏ4809 02b 73d ^ dislike, hate, detest, abhor, resent (ing) ^
wei2 Ʒ7064 02q 53c readily, simply, truly v being
42 h gu1 ü3470 39q F fatherless, orphaned, isolated, helpless 39q
gua3 ɽ3517 19j 63n & friendless, alone, widowed, inadequate “
bu4 5379 02d 42n without; with no; un-; ^ -less “
gu3 ʭ3490 39q F grain, seed; worth(y, -), hap-, luck- v “
42 i er2 £1756 01 l 42j and (still, yet); but, yet (still); although, while
wang2 F7037 16o 66a (the) king, ruler, sovereign (s)
gong1 +3701 16n 62i & duke, prince, lord, patriarch, noble (s)
yi3 J2932 01h 42o consider, deem, regard; employ, take, treat, use
wei2 ş7059 02a 42o (these) as (being), for, to be; adopted, assumed
cheng1 ʌ0383 115+9 HL styles, titles, names, honorifics; praise

128
42 j gu4 Ő3455 01g 44d (and) so; thus, hence; in this way; as, since
wu4 Ĝ7209 01f 51c (with) (a, the) being, creature, entity, thing (s)
huo4 ć2402 04b 42k often (will); may, might; perhaps, some(times)
sun3 ɓ5548 64+10 42k cut ^ back; decrease, diminish, lose, subtract
zhi1 !0935 01e 42k (a) thing(s); something; themselves
er2 £1756 01 l 42k and (nevertheless, still, yet); but, yet (also, still)
yi4 Ƙ3052 108+5 42k benefit, gain, grow; (be) increase(d), augmented
42 k huo4 ć2402 04b 61j (or) will; may, might; perhaps, some(times)
yi4 Ƙ3052 42j 43d add, gain, grow, expand; increase, augment
zhi1 !0935 01e 42 l (a) thing(s); something; themselves
er2 £1756 01 l 47g and (nevertheless, still, yet); but, yet (also, still)
sun3 ɓ5548 42j 48b (be) decreased, diminished, reduced; lose
42 l ren2 3097 02k 47g ^ other(s) people; another, someone else 42g
zhi1 !0935 01e 42m ^ have, has (held, maintained); hold(s) “
suo3 Ĉ5465 07b 50k what, that/something/(a) position which “
jiao4 ǔ0719 02 l 42m to teach; taught; as/for direction, guidance
42m wo3 Å4778 17i 53a I, we
yi4 x3021 23m 49d also, as well, likewise, similarly, too
jiao4 ǔ0719 02 l 42o (^) (to, will) teach, direct, instruct; ^ doctrine
zhi1 !0935 01e 43a (have) come to v; it/this; have, hold, take as v
42 n qiang2 LJ0668 03k 52o ^ aggressive, dominant, forceful, fierce
liang2 ǘ3951 75+7 HL ^& violent, brutal, malicious, hostile; proud
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 49c one(s)/those who(ever) is/are vv ^* note
bu4 5379 02d 43e do(es)/will not, rarely, seldom; (will) fail(s) to
de2 Lj6161 03c 44c find, earn, receive, meet, accept, draw, reach
qi2 ì0525 01h 45b one’s/their (own) (proper, natural, timely)
si3 ž5589 06a 50a death, demise, end, mortality, passing (s)
42 o wu2 µ7188 04k 43d I, we
jiang1 ǃ0656 15m 65c will, would, can, could, shall, intend to
yi3 J2932 01h 43d consider, deem, regard; employ, take, treat, use
wei2 ş7059 02a 43d (this) as (being); to be; assumption, posture as
jiao4 ǔ0719 02 l 43e (^) (the) teaching, doctrine, instruction (s,’s, -al)
fu4 D1933 88+0 HL (a) father, elder, progenitor, premise (of/to v)
43 a tian1 16361 01e 43b (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 43b below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
zhi1 !0935 01e 43b ...’s; ^ of vv; approaching/at/by/in/with its/the
zhi4 §0982 133+0 43b (ut)most; consummate, greatest, ultimate; ^ -est
rou2 ŗ3133 10c 52o flexible(ity), soft(ness), yielding; soft-, gentl-v

129
43 b chi2 ɶ1034 12d F swiftly, speedily, quickly, rapidly 12d
cheng3 ˪0395 12d F over- -runs, -takes, -comes,- rides, -whelms “
tian1 16361 01e 43g (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 43g below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
zhi1 !0935 01e 43d ...’s; ^ of vv; approaching/at/by/in/with its/the
zhi4 §0982 43a 48d (ut)most; consummate, greatest, ultimate; ^ -est
jian1 ƺ0825 32+8 76b hard, firm (ness); hard-, firm-, strong-v
43 c wu2 ȡ7180 01e 43c non-; what/that which is/does not/has no
you3 ›7533 01f 43d being; exist(ence); present, there
ru4 3152 11+0 50a enters, penetrates; goes into (where)
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 43d non-existent; there is no; that which has no
jian1 ȼ0835 05e F crack, crevice, gap, fissure, rift, interval (s)
43 d wu2 µ7188 04k 49c ^^ I, we
shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 44d this is; (&) so it is; ^ this; ^
yi3 J2932 01h 44i how, why; that; applyingv; } therefore, thus v
zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 44g know, perceive, understand, recognize (that)
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 43f in-, non(-); absence / lack of; no; not
wei2 ş7059 02a 43f action, activity, doing; interference, meddling
zhi1 !0935 01e 43e comes to, will ^ its; ^ its, this, the, these, such
you3 ›7533 01f 46a (v) has/have; hold, contain, possess, retain (s) v
yi4 Ƙ3052 42j 43f advantage, benefit, gain (s); increase, value
43 e bu4 5379 02d 44g no; without; ^ -less(ness); non-; not; un- 02 l
yan2 Ú7334 02 l 56a speech, word (s)(- v); verbal; talk; spoken “
zhi1 !0935 01e 43f ...’s; ^ of/with vv; ^ that/which is/has vv “
jiao4 ǔ0719 02 l F (the) teaching, doctrine, instruction, lessons “
43 f wu2 ȡ7180 01e 46c in-, non(-); absence / lack of; not; ^ no ^
wei2 ş7059 02a 45j taking (v) action, doing; interference, meddling
zhi1 !0935 01e 43g ...’s; ^ in/of/with vv; ^ that/which is/has vv
yi4 Ƙ3052 42j 48a (the) advantage, benefit, gain, profit (s); value
43 g tian1 16361 01e 45j (in/of) (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ (the) world,
xia4 2520 02a 45j below, beneath, under v; } empire, kingdom
xi1 À2416 14d 70i rarely, seldom; (very) few, not many v (have)
ji2 /0468 13k 48g attain; arrive/succeed; reach, realize (s, d)
zhi1 !0935 01e 46h (at, to) it, this, these (result)(s), such (a) thing(s)
44 a ming2 ‡4524 01c 47h distinction, fame, name, rank, reputation, title
yu3 ʕ7615 08h 44b next/compared/in relation with/to; and, or
shen1 ß5718 07e 44b being, body, individuality, life, person, self
shu2 ƿ5893 15t 44b which (one) is; where is (the) ^ ?
qin1 ˏ1107 17b 56j closer, nearer, dearer; kinship, affinity

130
44 b shen1 ß5718 07e 52g being, body, individuality, life, person, self
yu3 ʕ7615 08h 44c compared/in relation with/to; and, or
huo4 Ǹ2398 03c 53 l goods, wealth, property, commodities, money
shu2 ƿ5893 15t 44c which (one) (is); where is (the); which ^ ?
duo1 ‹6416 15i 44f (counts, worth) more (important); greater
44 c de2 Lj6161 03c 46g gain(ing); possessing(ion), finding, winning
yu3 ʕ7615 08h 65o (compared, in relation) with/to; and, or
wang2 7034 33h 44f loss, deprivation, forefeiture; losing
shu2 ƿ5893 15t 58g which (one) is (more); where is (the); which ^ ?
bing4 Ɨ5288 104+5 71b distress(ing), afflicts(ion), hurt(s), sickens
44 d shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 47g it is (surely) ^ that; certainly, surely, truly
gu4 Ő3455 01g 46h v so, thus, (a) given v; therefore; in this way
shen4 Š5724 21k 53d (too) great, much; excessive, extreme
ai4 ɏ0009 10g 72i love, loving; attachment, affection, fondness
44 e bi4 b5109 30f 44f entails, demands, requires; (is) always, surely
da4 5943 13b 45a much; (is) (a) dear, great, high; very, most
fei4 ȴ1847 154+5 HL expense(ive, diture), cost(ly); price, outlay
44 f duo1 ‹6416 05i 57f (the) more; (so, too) much
cang2 ˰6718 140+14 HL hoard, accumulate; pile, store (d, ing) (up)
bi4 b5109 30f 63i entails, requires, demands; (is) always, surely
hou4 ĺ2147 38t 50g substantial, heavy, extensive, considerable
wang2 7034 33h F loss, deprivation, forefeiture
44 g zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 44h (to) know, understand, be(ing) familiar with
zu2 Þ6824 17e 46f adequacy, satisfaction, sufficiency; enough
bu4 5379 02d 44h (is) no; not, hardly; without; avoids, escapes
ru3 ƪ3154 13a F (a) disgrace, humiliation, shame; demeaning
44 h zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 46f (to) know, understand, be(ing) familiar with 32k
zhi3 @0939 20x F (when/where) to stop/be still; rest(raint) “
bu4 5379 02d 45b (is) no; not, hardly; without; avoids, escapes
dai4 ś5990 16s 52g danger, peril, trouble, hardship; limitation (s)
44 i ke3 S3381 01a 46e (this is) (a, the) easy, good, inviting, likely, right
yi3 J2932 01h 46b approach, method, way, means to/for
chang2 ī0213 02g 51 l continue, endure, last, live, persist, survive (ing)
jiu3 1188 07a 58 l (for) (a) long (v) (time); & continue, survive
45 a da4 5943 13d 45c (a, the) great(er, est); major; (most) complete
cheng2 ˜0379 02f 47i achieve, accomplish (ment); perfection
ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 45c (may, might) appear, look, seem (s) (to be)
que1 Ɵ1708 121+4 58d deficient, defective, lacking, wanting, imperfect

131
45 b qi2 ì0525 01h 45d (but, yet) one’s, its, such
yong4 o7567 04a 45d function, practice, usefulness, utility, work
bu4 5379 02d 45d is un-, (is/does/will) not, never, rarely, seldom
bi4 ʁ5102 55+12 HL wear(s) out; corrupt, exhaust, impair (ed)
45 c da4 5943 13d 45e (a, the) great(er, est); major; (most) complete
ying2 Ť7474 04b F fulfillment, fullness, overflow, satisfaction
ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 45e (may, might) appear, look, seem (s) (to be)
chong1 Î1523 04a F emptied/poured/washed out; empty, neutral
45 d qi2 ì0525 01h 47e (but, yet) one’s, its, such
yong4 o7567 04a 52p function, practice, usefulness, utility, work
bu4 5379 02d 46f is un-, (is/does/will) not, never, rarely, seldom
qiong2 ʰ1247 05j F depleted, diminished, exhausted, empty, futile
45 e da4 5943 13d 45f (a, the) great(er, est); major; complete
zhi2 ġ1006 22b 58p straight(forward); direct(ion), upright (ness)
ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 45f (may, might) appear, look, seem (s) (to be)
qu1 Ă1621 05g F submissive, subdued, bent, compromised
45 f da4 5943 13d 45g (a, the) great(er, est); developed, complete
qiao3 ]0743 19e 57j clever, artful(ness); ingenius(ity); strategic(egy)
ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 45g (may, might) appear, look, seem (s) (to be)
zhuo1 Ċ1273 64+5 HL clumsy, awkward, inept, amateurish, crude
45 g da4 5943 13d 46e (a, the) great(er, est); good, best, developed
bian4 ̔5242 160+14 81c articulation, eloquence; argument, debate
ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 59b (may, might) appear, look, seem (s) (to be)
na4 Ƕ4609 149+4 HL (to) stutter, stammer, sputter (ed); blurted out
45 h zao4 ̋6729 26b F restlessness, excitement, agitation, haste
sheng4 Ȅ5754 31j 45i conquers, controls, overcomes, vanquishes
han2 Ȉ2048 40+9 HL (the) cold(ness), chill; shivering
45 i jing4 ˗1154 15t 45j calm, stillness, patience, serenity, tranquility
sheng4 Ȅ5754 31j 61d conquers, controls, overcomes, vanquishes
re4 ʫ3095 86+11 HL (the) hot, heat, fever, ardor
45 j qing1 ǟ1171 15t F clarity, purity, lucidity; resolve, resolution
jing4 ˗1154 15t 57q & calm, stillness, patience, serenity, tranquility
wei2 ş7059 02a 47i act, become, behave, function, perform, serve as
tian1 16361 01e 46a (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 46a below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
zheng4 g0351 08j 57a (’s) (vv) measure, norm, standard (s) (to/for) vv
46 a tian1 16361 01e 46c (when) (all) heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 46c below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
you3 ›7533 01f 48g has, have, hold (to), remember, stay (s)
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 46c (the) way, path, course, track; principle, truth
132
46 b que4 Ĺ1183 26+7 HL even; withdrawn, retired, unused
zou3 Ý6807 156+0 HL (a, the) fast, swift, race-; riding
ma3 Ư4310 187+0 46d horse, steed, charger, courser (s)
yi3 J2932 01h 47g (is/are) used/useful for/in/to; (a) way/means to
fen4 ˞1875 119+11 HL (haul, make)(ing) manure, dung; fertilize(r)
46 c tian1 16361 01e 47b (when) (all) heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 47b below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 48d forgets, loses; is/has (gone) off/not on; without
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 47d (the) way, path, course, track; principle, truth
46 d rong2 —3181 62+2 HL (the) war, battle, combat, military, fighting
ma3 Ư4310 46b 62k horse, steed, charger, courser (s)
sheng1 n5738 02e 50a (is/are) bred, raised, reared; breed
yu2 Č7643 08e 46e at, between, by, in, on, to, throughout, upon
jiao1 ų0714 163+6 HL (the) (outer) border, horizon, frontier (s)
46 e zui4 ɞ6860 122+8 62p (of, ^^) transgression, vice, error, fault (s)
mo4 Dz4557 09f 46f (there is/are) no, none, nothing, not one/any
da4 5943 13b 46f greater; more complete/major/serious (v)
yu2 Č7643 08e 46f than; compared to/with
ke3 S3381 01a 56j accommodate/adapt/submit(ing) (oneself) (to)
yu4 ǚ7671 01g 46g appetite, craving, desire, passion (s); greed
46 f huo4 ʋ2399 113+9 58e (of, ^^) calamity, misery, suffering (s)
mo4 Dz4557 09f 46g (there is/are) no, none, nothing, not one/any
da4 5943 13b 46g greater; more complete/major/serious (v)
yu2 Č7643 08e 46g than; compared to/with
bu4 5379 02d 47a not, never; fail(ing, ure) (to)
zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 46h comprehend, know, recognize, understand (ing)
zu2 Þ6824 17e 46h adequacy, satisfaction, sufficiency; enough
46 g jiu4 õ1192 09h F (of, ^) (^) mistake, fault, error, wrong (s)
mo4 Dz4557 09f 51e (there is/are) no (v), none, nothing, not one/any
da4 5943 13b 53b greater; more complete/major/serious (v)
yu2 Č7643 08e 48d than; compared to/with
yu4 ǚ7671 01g 57u (the) appetite, craving, greed, longing, hunger
de2 Lj6161 03c 52c to/for gain, possess(ion), take/acquire (ing) (s)
46 h gu4 Ő3455 01g 50f (and) so; thus, hence; as such, given this (to)
zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 47b comprehend, know, recognize, understand (ing)
zu2 Þ6824 17e 46h (that) (a, the) adequacy, satisfaction, sufficiency
zhi1 !0935 01e 48c in/of (a) thing(s), something; is (in)(itself)
zu2 Þ6824 17e 46i adequate, enough, satisfying, sufficient

133
46 i chang2 DŽ0221 01b 48f (is) (^) (a) consistent, durable, enduring, lasting
zu2 Þ6824 17e 48h (^) adequacy, satisfaction, sufficiency; enough
yi3 Ô2938 31m 63q indeed, in fact; (a) completely, entirely, truly vv
47 a bu4 5379 02d 47c without; not; instead of, rather than
chu1 O1409 01k 47e leaving, going (out) (of, past, beyond)
hu4 92180 11e F (of, the) door(s), gate (way); home, household
47 b zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 47f comprehend, know, perceive, understand
tian1 16361 01e 47d (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 48f below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
47 c bu4 5379 02d 47g without; not; instead of, rather than
kui1 ̹3649 169+11 HL looking, peering, staring (out) (of/through)
you3 ʬ7507 11e F (the) window(s), lattice
47 d jian4 Ø0860 03e 47h observe, perceive, see, witness; experience
tian1 16361 01e 48f (the) (^) heaven(’s); (the) sky(’s); celestial
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 48b way, path, course; principle, process (of v)
47 e qi2 ì0525 01h 47f (^^) (as)(that/which) one, you; of one’s, your
chu1 O1409 01k 50a (^^) depart(s, ure); (ad)venture(s); goes out
mi2 ˙4459 57+14 47f (a, the) greater, farther, further, more (vv)
yuan3 ʛ7734 25k 65n (the) distance, reach, extent; beyond , out (vv)
47 f qi2 ì0525 01h 48g (^) one, you; (is) one’s, your (own)
zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 47g (^) comprehen(ds, sion); know(s, ledge); learns
mi2 ˙4459 47e 57g (is) (by) that much; the more; further
shao3 55675 19j 63d less, smaller (vv); diminished, lessened
47 g shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 51e this is; (&) so it is; ^ this; ^
yi3 J2932 01h 48d how, why; that; applying v; } therefore, thus
sheng4 ɠ5753 02k 49a (a, the) perceptive, sagely, wise; ^ (a, the)
ren2 3097 02k 49a individual, one, person (s); people; } sage(s)
bu4 5379 02d 47h do(es)/may/might/will/need(s) not
xing2 ª2754 02 l 50i journey, travel, wander; go/move (about)
er2 £1756 01 l 47h and (nevertheless, still, yet); but, yet (still)
zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 52d comprehend, know, perceive, understand (s)
47 h bu4 5379 02d 47i do(es)/may/will/need(s) not
jian4 Ø0860 03e 52n look, observe, see, witness; meet, encounter
er2 £1756 01 l 47i and (nevertheless, still, yet); but, yet (still)
ming2 ‡4524 01c F define, describe, distinguish, name, signify (s)
47 i bu4 5379 02d 48e do(es)/may/will/need(s) not
wei2 ş7059 02a 48a act, do, perform; assume; interfere, meddle
er2 £1756 01 l 48e and (nevertheless, still, yet); but, yet (still)
cheng2 ˜0379 02f 51d accomplish, achieve, fulfill, succeed (s)

134
48 a wei2 ş7059 02a 48b (the) act, practice, pursuit (ing) of; working at
xue2 ˂2780 20a 64v learn(ing); study, lesson (s); (the) academic
ri4 =3124 23c 48b (is, means) (^) daily, each/every day
yi4 Ƙ3052 42j 55n increase, add(ition), gain, expand(sion)(ing v)
48 b wei2 ş7059 02a 48d (the) action, pursuit, practice(ing) of; working
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 51a (at) (the) way, path; principle, process, truth
ri4 =3124 23c 55j (is, means) (^) daily, each/every day
sun3 ɓ5548 42j 48c decrease, lessen; reduce, subtract (ion) (ing)
48 c sun3 ɓ5548 42j 48c decrease, diminish, lessen, lose, subtract (ing)
zhi1 !0935 01e 49c it, this; (a) thing(s), something
you4 7539 01n F and (then) (^) (even, still, yet) more
sun3 ɓ5548 42j 77e decrease, diminish, lessen, lose, subtract (ing)
48 d yi3 J2932 01h 48f in order; as (a/the) way/means; thereby; until
zhi4 §0982 43a 55i (to) arrive, attain, come, reach, succeed (ing)
yu2 Č7643 08e 53b at, by, for, in, through, to, with
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 48e in-, non(-); not, no longer; (^) nothing
wei2 ş7059 02a 48e act(ion); do, perform, assume, presume (ing) (v)
48 e wu2 ȡ7180 01e 48e (if, when, where) not, no longer; (^) nothing 37a
wei2 ş7059 02a 48e (is) act, do(ne), perform; assume (ed, ing) (v) “
er2 £1756 01 l 51f (if, when, where) then; but, yet (still, then) 37b
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 48f (there is) nothing, not anything, little “
bu4 5379 02d 48h (is) not, (is) left/remain(s, ing) (to be, un-) “
wei2 ş7059 02a 49b done; (to) accomplish, do(ne), perform (ed) “
48 f qu3 î1615 12j 48h (to) capture, occupy, win; gain, take (hold of)
tian1 16361 01e 48h (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 48h below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
chang2 DŽ0221 01b 49a always, ever; continue, maintain, sustain
yi3 J2932 01h 48h by, with; (&) apply, take, try, use (ing)
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 49a in-, non(-); no; lack of; (the) least/minimum
shi4 ä5787 02k 48g activity, busyness, effort, trouble, work
48 g ji2 /0468 13k F if, when, where; (just) as long/soon as
qi2 ì0525 01h 49k someone, somebody; one, you
you3 ›7533 01f 50b has/have (to); get, hold onto; take/make (s) (on)
shi4 ä5787 02k 52 l (make)(an) effort, try, work; trouble; involved
48 h bu4 5379 02d 49d (one) is not/no longer/less than; will not be
zu2 Þ6824 17e 64 l adequate, sufficient; able, competent; basis
yi3 J2932 01h 49b for/to (the purpose of); (where intending) to
qu3 î1615 12j 57c capture, occupy; gain, take (ing)(hold of)
tian1 16361 01e 49i (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 49i below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
135
49 a sheng4 ɠ5753 02k 49i (a, the) perceptive, sagely, wise; ^ (a, the)
ren2 3097 02k 49i individual, one, person (s); people; } sage(s)
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 50k has/have no; do(es) not have; avoid, lack (s)
chang2 DŽ0221 01b 51i (a) permanent, fixed, set, normal, regular
xin1 82735 03f 49b heart, mind; disposition, feeling, thought (s)
49 b yi3 J2932 01h 50g (but) consider, regard; take, treat, use (s, ing))
bai3 ¡4976 05d 49 l (the) hundred, common; all of the; ^
xing4 û2770 05d 49 l families, clans(’); people(’s, s’); } society(’s)
xin1 82735 03f 49b heart, mind; disposition, feeling, thought (s)
wei2 ş7059 02a 49j to be; as, for (being) (their) adopted, assumed
xin1 82735 03f 49k (the)(ir) heart, mind; disposition, feeling, idea
49 c shan4 ȭ5657 02c 49c ^ able, best, good, right, virtuous, worthy
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 49d (for/to) one(s)/those who(ever) is/are v
wu2 µ7188 04k 49d I, we
shan4 ȭ5657 02c 49d ^ ability, (the) best, good, right, virtue, worth
zhi1 !0935 01e 49d have v to extend; (am, are v)(for/to) them/this
49 d bu4 5379 02d 49g ^ not (so), less than; lack (the)
shan4 ȭ5657 02c 49d ^ able, best, good, right, virtue(ous), worth(y)
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 49f (for/to) one(s)/those who(ever) is/are vv
wu2 µ7188 04k 49f I, we
yi4 x3021 23m 49g also, likewise, still
shan4 ȭ5657 02c 49e ^ ability, (the) best, good, right, virtue, worth
zhi1 !0935 01e 49f have v to extend; (am, are v)(for/to) them/this
49 e de2 ʤ6162 10q 49h (to) merit; (in) character (with); (a) virtue (of)
shan4 ȭ5657 02c 50h ability, goodness, virtue, worth; (is) good/able
49 f xin4 ı2748 08i 49f ^ credible, honest, sincere (ty), trustworthy, true
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 49g (for/to) one(s)/those who(ever) is/are/has/havev
wu2 µ7188 04k 49g I, we
xin4 ı2748 08i 49g ^ credible, honest, sincere (ty), trust, truth
zhi1 !0935 01e 49g have v to extend; (am, are v)(for/to) them/this
49 g bu4 5379 02d 50i ^ not (so), less than; lack(s) (the); has/have no
xin4 ı2748 08i 49g ^ credible, honest, sincere (ty), trustworthy, true
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 50h (for/to) one(s)/those whoever is/are/has/have vv
wu2 µ7188 04k 54s I, we
yi4 x3021 23m 50e also, likewise, still
xin4 ı2748 08i 49h ^ credibility, honesty, sincerity, trust, truth
zhi1 !0935 01e 49m have v to extend; (am, are v) (for/to) them/this
49 h de2 ʤ6162 10q 51b (to) merit; (in) character (with); (a) virtue (of)
xin4 ı2748 08i 63n (is) credibility, honesty, sincerity, trust, truth

136
49 i sheng4 ɠ5753 02k 49m (a, the) perceptive, sagely, wise; ^ (a, the)
ren2 3097 02k 49m individual, one, person (s); people; } sage(s)
zai4 Š6657 24g F belong/exist/d/live/are (s, ing) (with)in / amidst
tian1 16361 01e 49j (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 49j below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
49 j xi4 ˆ2476 36a 49j unite, join, converge, collect, aggregate (ing)
xi4 ˆ2476 36a F (&) unite, join, converge, connect (ing) (with)
wei2 ş7059 02a 51p & adopt, assume, attend, become, serve (ing)
tian1 16361 01e 52a (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 52a below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
49 k hun2 Ȟ2366 85+8 HL merge, blend, mix, (com)mingle, combine (ing)
qi2 ì0525 01h 49 l in/with/within its/this; with their
xin1 82735 03f 55o heart (-&-) mind; disposition, thought (s)
49 l bai3 ¡4976 05d 66a (the) hundred, common; all of the; ^
xing4 û2770 05d F families, clans; people; } society
jie1 ţ0620 02a 49m all, every one (of vv); (al)together, as one
zhu4 Ė1340 85+5 HL (pay) attend(tion), heed, affix, take (s) note
qi2 ì0525 01h 50g (by, with) the, their, so many; with; they
er3 ¤1744 12b F (the) ear(s); hearing; listen, hearken(ing)
mu4 s4596 12a F & (the) eye(s); vision; look, behold(ing)
49m sheng4 ɠ5753 02k 57n (but) (a, the) perceptive, sagely, wise; ^
ren2 3097 02k 50d individual, one, person (s); people; } sage(s)
jie1 ţ0620 02a 67a all, every one (of vv); (al)together, as one
hai2 ŀ2005 20m F ^ (laugh) (a; as/like) child(ren, -^) (laugh)(ter)
zhi1 !0935 01e 50b has, have; v -hood(’s), ...’s v; come to (be) v*
50 a chu1 O1409 01k F emerge, come out, evolve, appear, arise (ing)
sheng1 n5738 02e 50b (is, in) life; living; existence, existing; vitality
ru4 3152 43c 50j (&/or) enter/go into/within; join (ing) (is, in)
si3 ž5589 06a 50c death; dying; passing, perishing; mortality
50 b sheng1 n5738 02e 50d life, living, existence, existing, vitality 76f
zhi1 !0935 01e 50c ...’s; (the) ^ of/in/to/with v “
tu2 Ɗ6536 60+7 50c companions, fellows; adherents, followers “
shi2 5807 11a 50c (^^) (in, of, out of) ten
you3 ›7533 01f 50c (there) are/will be; are/hold ^ claims/parts in v
san1
5415 11a 50c three (vv)*

137
50 c si3 ž5589 06a 50d death, dying, passing, perishing, mortality 76e
zhi1 !0935 01e 50d ...’s; (the) ^ of/in/to/with v “
tu2 Ɗ6536 50b 76e companions, fellows; adherents, followers “
shi2 5807 11a 50e (^^) (in, of, out of) ten
you3 ›7533 01f 50e (there) are/will be; are/hold ^ claims/parts in v
san1
5415 11a 50e three (vv)
50 d ren2 3097 02k 57j (and) other(s) people, persons; some, those
zhi1 !0935 01e 50d whose; (will) have; by/in/with their
sheng1 n5738 02e 50g development, existence, growth, life; lives(’)
dong4 ƶ6611 05h F & activity, action, behavior, movement (s)
zhi1 !0935 01e 50g approach, come/lead/move(s) to/towards
si3 ž5589 06a 50o (a/the ^ of) death, dying, mortality (’s) 50o
di4 ‰6198 01e 50o domain, world, place, ground, land (v) “
50 e yi4 x3021 23m 60g (are) also, likewise, similarly, too
shi2 5807 11a F (^^) (in, of, out of) ten
you3 ›7533 01f 51o (there) are/will (v) be; are/hold ^ parts in v
san1
5415 11a 62i three (vv)
50 f fu1 21908 02q 50n (now)(^^) this; ^ this 50n
he2 ¬2109 13c 50n what/where is; why is v “
gu4 Ő3455 01g 50n (the) cause of, reason for v?; (and) vv so? “
50 g yi3 J2932 01h 50o because, due to, through; consider, think of
qi2 ì0525 01h 50k these, those, such; their; they (who) (^ their)
sheng1 n5738 02e 50g live(s); living (of); livelihoods; live v
sheng1 n5738 02e 50h (are) created, developed, lived; life, lives 75h
zhi1 !0935 01e 51a about/around/by/in/for its/their/the “
hou4 ĺ2147 38t 55a density, bounty, substance; rich, thick(ness) “
50 h gai4 ʗ3199 108+6 HL now (with) (that/the above said/covered)
wen2 ʓ7142 14c 80q hear/learn of/about; listen to
shan4 ȭ5657 02c 54a ^ adept, best, good, skill(ed, ful); excel (at)
she4 ̑5710 64+18 HL ^ manage, uphold, sustain, attend (ing) to
sheng1 n5738 02e 51a ^ being, existence, growth, life, living, vitality
zhe3 ĥ 0263 01k 54a (the) one [in ten] /those (who) (is/are)
50 i lu4 Ǿ4191 170+8 HL (who) ^ (the) land, country(side); abroad
xing2 ª2754 02 l 53b journey, travel, wander; move about (s, ing) v
bu4 5379 02d 50j without; (and) (do)(es) not, never
yu4 ɳ7625 162+9 HL encounter, engage(ment), meet (ing) (with)
si4 ê5603 10+6 50k (water, wild) buffalo(s); rhinoceros, rhino
hu3 Ĩ2161 141+2 50 l (&/or) tiger(s)

138
50 j ru4 3152 43c 61m enter, join, penetrate, go (s, ing) into/through
jun1 ű1722 30f F (a, the) battle, campaign, war; (an) army
bu4 5379 02d 51e without; (and) (do)(es) not, never
bei4 ǵ4999 145+5 70k wear, carry; suffer (s, ing); be (ing) subject to
jia3 q0610 102+0 80h armor, protection, shield(ing), mail-coat
bing1 ³5282 30b 50m &/or arms, armament, weapon(s, ry)
50 k si4 ê5603 50i F (a, the) (water, wild) buffalo(s); rhino(ceros)
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 50 l has/have/find(s) no(-); lack(s)
suo3 Ĉ5465 07b 50 l (a) location, place, position, spot; -where
tou2 È6490 64+4 HL to deliver, thrust, pitch, plunge, drive, lodge
qi2 ì0525 01h 50 l its, their, his, her, that, those
jiao3 Ù1174 148+0 HL horn(s)
50 l hu3 Ĩ2161 50i F (a, the) tiger(s)
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 50m has/have/find(s) no(-); lack(s)
suo3 Ĉ5465 07b 50m (a) location, place, position, spot; -where
cuo4 ǐ6834 64+8 HL to use, employ; place, put, fasten, sink
qi2 ì0525 01h 50m its, their, his, her, those
zhao3 C0240 87+0 HL claws, nails, clutches
50m bing1 ³5282 30b 57b (a, the) arms, armament, weapon(s, ry)
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 50o has/have/find(s) no(-); lack(s)
suo3 Ĉ5465 07b 58e (a) location, place, position, spot; -where
rong2 Ƈ7560 15e F to accept, admit, allow, greet, meet, permit
qi2 ì0525 01h 50o its, their, those, that
ren4 3110 18+1 HL edge, blade, point (s)
50 n fu1 21908 02q 51i (now) (^^) this; ^ this 50f
he2 ¬2109 13c 54s what/where is; why is v “
gu4 Ő3455 01g 51j (the) cause of, reason for v?; (and) vv so ? “
50 o yi3 J2932 01h 51e because, due to, through; consider, think of
qi2 ì0525 01h 52c (in) this one, (as) these/those; they; them
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 52r (as) have/find no, lack (ing); there is/are no
si3 ž5589 06a 67s (a/the ^ of/for) death, dying, mortality (’s) 50d
di4 ‰6198 01e F domain, world, place, ground, land (s) (v) “
51 a dao4 ɰ6136 01a 51f (the) way; principle, process, truth; nature 51j
sheng1 n5738 02e 51j create, develop, quicken; give (s) ^ life “
zhi1 !0935 01e 51b (a) thing(s), some(body, one, thing); them “
51 b de2 ʤ6162 10q 51f character, virtue, merit; fitness, power 51k
chu4 Ɩ1412 10m 51k (takes) care(s); rears, raises, tends “
zhi1 !0935 01e 51c (of/for/to) things; them, this “

139
51 c wu4 Ĝ7209 01f 51e creation, existence, reality; the material world
xing2 Á2759 041t F forms, shapes, configures; gives ^ shape
zhi1 !0935 01e 51d things; them, this
51 d shi4 ɇ5799 19+11 HL conditions, circumstances, situations, forces
cheng2 ˜0379 02f 63m complete, perfect, fulfill, finish, establish
zhi1 !0935 01e 51g things; them, this
51 e shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 51r this is; (&) so it is; ^ this ^; ^
yi3 J2932 01h 52b how, why; that; in v way; } therefore, hence
wan4 ɛ7030 01f 62a (of) (a, the) myriad, ten thousand; all
wu4 Ĝ7209 01f 55p beings, creatures, entities, things; of creation
mo4 Dz4557 09f 51i ^ exception(s); none, not one; nothing
bu4 5379 02d 51o without, with no v; do(es) not, fail(s) to
51 f zun1 Ȋ6884 41+9 51g honor, respect, dignify, ennoble, attest (s) to
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 51g (the) way; principle, process, truth; nature
er2 £1756 01 l 51i and (also, simply, moreover); while
gui4 ȶ3636 03c 51h cherish, dignify, honor, respect, value (ing)
de2 ʤ6162 10q 51h character, virtue, merit; nature; fitness, power
51 g dao4 ɰ6136 01a 51j (the) way; principle, process, truth; nature
zhi1 !0935 01e 51h has (its/such); will be/have; (has) come(s) to be
zun1 Ȋ6884 51f 62e honor, respect, esteem; dignify, ennoble (ed)
51 h de2 ʤ6162 10q 51k character, virtue, merit; nature; fitness, power
zhi1 !0935 01e 51i has (its/such); will be/have; (has) come(s) to be
gui4 ȶ3636 03c 56n dignity, honor, respect; cherish, value (ed)
51 i fu1 21908 02q 59c (but, yet) ^ this; at, by, with, through, (up)on
mo4 Dz4557 09f 59b nobody, no one; (this is) not (at all) v
zhi1 !0935 01e 51j ...’s; has (to) ^ it/this; some(body’s/one’s)
ming4 ô4537 16h F command, decree, order, law, mandate (s, ed)
er2 £1756 01 l 51o and (so, still, yet, thus); (but, yet); as, while
chang2 DŽ0221 01b 52s (it/this) always, ever, consistently, regularly
zi4 ¦6960 07c 57p comes/proceeds (from/out of); ^ by/of itself
ran2 Ȣ3072 17i 53a nature(ally), reality; spontaneously; as it is, so
51 j gu4 Ő3455 01g 54n (and) so; therefore, thus; as such, in this way
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 53b (the) way; principle, process; nature 51a
sheng1 n5738 02e 51o create, develop, quicken; give (s) ^ life “
zhi1 !0935 01e 51k (to) things; them, this “
51 k de2 ʤ6162 10q 51r character, virtue, merit; fitness, power 51b
chu4 Ɩ1412 10m 61 l (takes) care(s); rears, raises, tends “
zhi1 !0935 01e 51 l (of/for/to) things; them, this “

140
51 l chang2 0213 02g 51q continue, develop, perpetuate, sustain (s, ing)
zhi1 0935 01e 51 l things; them, this
yu4 7687 130+4 HL conceive, bear, give ^ birth; bring ^ up (s, ing)
zhi1 0935 01e 51m things; them
51m ting2 6399 8+7 HL shelter, harbor; secure, manage, settle (s, ing)
zhi1 0935 01e 51m things; them, this
du2 6509 80+4 HL heal, cure, detoxify; restore, renew (s, ing)*
zhi1 0935 01e 51n things; them, this
51 n yang3 7254 34e F nurture, foster, cultivate; provide (s, ing) for
zhi1 0935 01e 51n things; them, this
fu4 1993 146+12 HL ap fou4; respond, reply; cover, protect (s, ing)
zhi1 0935 01e 54d (to) things; them, this
51 o sheng1 5738 02e 55n create, produce, quicken; give (s, ing) life 02n
er2
1756 01 l 51p and (yet); but, yet (still); although, while “
bu4 5379 02d 51p does/will not; avoids; not, never; without “
you3 7533 01f 52a claim, hold, keep, own, possess, retain (ing) “
51 p wei2 7059 02a 52b act, create, develop, make, produce (s) 77m
er2
1756 01 l 51q and (yet); but, yet (still); although, while “
bu4 5379 02d 51q does/will not; avoids; not, never; without “
shi4 5779 02o 77m expect; cling, depend; presume, rely (ing) “
51 q chang2 0213 02g 54i master, prevail, prosper, lead (s, ing) 10p
er2
1756 01 l 53e and (yet); but, yet (still); although, while “
bu4 5379 02d 52g does/will not; avoids; not, never; without “
zai3 6655 10p F rule, dominate, control, [micro]manage (ing) “
51 r shi4 5794 02k 52s (so) this/these/such is/may be; ^ this; this 65m
wei4 7079 01m 52s called, styled, known as; call v; describes “
xuan2 2881 01m 56i (a, the) deep, mystic(erious), profound, subtle
de2 6162 10q 54e character, virtue, merit; nature; fitness, power (s)
52 a tian1 6361 01e 52b (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4
2520 02a 52b below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
you3 7533 01f 53a has/had; assumes, presumes; there is/was
shi3 5772 01e 64 l (a/an) beginning, origin, source (of/for/to vv)
52 b yi3 2932 01h 52d considered, regarded, taken, thought of 25f
wei2 7059 02a 56p as (being, it were), for, to be; in the role of “
tian1 6361 01e 54 l (^) (all) (^) heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the) “
xia4
2520 02a 54 l below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom “
mu3 4582 01f 52c (...’s)(the) mother, matrix; source (of/to v) “

141
52 c ji4 Œ0453 32j 52e (now) after, since, upon, when; once; having
de2 Lj6161 03c 56j (^^ is) find, grasp, discover, learn (ed, ing) of
qi2 ì0525 01h 52d the, this, such (a)
mu3 h4582 01f 52f mother, matrix; source, common denominator
52 d yi3 J2932 01h 54c by/through/using/with this; here/there by/with
zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 52e comprehend, know, perceive, understand
qi2 ì0525 01h 52e the, these, her
zi3 6939 04k 52e children, heirs, offspring, descendants, young
52 e ji4 Œ0453 32j 81h (now) after, since, upon, when; once; having
zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 53a comprehend, know, perceive, understand
qi2 ì0525 01h 52f (ed, ing) the, these, her
zi3 6939 04k 54c children, heirs, offspring, descendants, young
52 f fu4 ȍ1992 14 l 52q return; come/go/turn back/home; recover
shou3 “5844 05j 52o (&, to) remain/stay in/with; attend, keep to
qi2 ì0525 01h 52h the, this, their
mu3 h4582 01f 59i mother, matrix, maternal; source
52 g mo4 Ï4555 16s F (the) death, mortality, end, disappearance 16s
shen1 ß5718 07e 52j (of) (a, the) being, individual, person, self, life “
bu4 5379 02d 52j is not, never, rarely, seldom; is little, nothing “
dai4 ś5990 16s F (a, the) danger, perishing; limit(ation); to fear “
52 h sai1 ɉ5446 32+10 56c block, bar, close, seal, shut, stop (up) 56c
qi2 ì0525 01h 52i the, those, your “
dui4 °6560 10+5 52k passage, opening, aperture; exchange (s) “
52 i bi4 Ǽ5092 27d 56d close, lock, fasten, secure, block, bar, shut 56d
qi2 ì0525 01h 52k the, those, your “
men2 Ĭ4418 01o 56d door, gate (s, -ways); portal, threshold (s) “
52 j zhong1 ǯ1500 23b 52m (&, then) all, the rest, throughout, to the end
shen1 ß5718 07e 52m (of) (a, the) life(time), being, existence, self
bu4 5379 02d 52m (is) without; is no; avoid(s); -less; free of/from
qin2 Ɇ1097 06f F effort, labor, toil, trouble, struggle, strain
52 k kai1 Ȼ3204 10i F open (up), uncover, disclose, expose, reveal
qi2 ì0525 01h 52 l the, those, your
dui4 °6560 52h 56c passage, opening, aperture; exchange (s)
52 l ji4 ˛0459 85+14 HL complete, finish, fulfill, conclude
qi2 ì0525 01h 52p the, those, your
shi4 ä5787 02k 57c affairs, efforts, tasks; engage, involve (ments)
52m zhong1 ǯ1500 23b 55j (&, then) all, the rest, throughout, to the end
shen1 ß5718 07e 52r (of) (a, the) life(time), being, existence, self
bu4 5379 02d 54a (is) without; (there) is/finds no; avoid(s); ^-less
jiu4 Ǔ1193 27i 67v help, rescue, salvation, redemption, relief
142
52 n jian4 Ø0860 03e 72h (to) attend, observe, perceive, see, view (ing)
xiao3 2605 32b 60a (the) lesser, minute, ordinary, small; (in) detail
yue1 >7694 14b 52o (may be) called, termed; suggests, speaks/tells
ming2 ď4534 10k 52q (of) clarity, intelligence, light, resolution, vision
52 o shou3 “5844 05j 67u (to) maintain, protect; keep, remain, stay (ing)
rou2 ŗ3133 10c 55f flexible(ity); gentle, responsive, supple (ness)
yue1 >7694 14b 55 l (may be) called, termed; suggests, speaks/tells
qiang2 LJ0668 03k 55o (of) energy, firmness, power, resolve, stength
52 p yong4 o7567 04a 57b apply, employ, practice, (make) use (of), utilize
qi2 ì0525 01h 52q the; what/that which is; things
guang1 |3583 04g 56g illumin(ed, ated), revealed, clear; lit (up)
52 q fu4 ȍ1992 14 l 58i (&, to) return; come/turn around/back
gui1 ˬ3617 14 l 60i (&) (come) home (again); around; belong to
qi2 ì0525 01h 54e the, this, your (own)
ming2 ď4534 10k 55m clarity, intelligence, light, resolution, vision
52 r wu2 ȡ7180 01e 57c avoid, do not, never; do nothing to
yi2 ˕2995 09h F abandon, desert; leave (ing) ^ behind/open
shen1 ß5718 07e 54d (a, the, your) being, body, life, person, self (s)
yang1 Ś7242 78+5 HL (to/for) misfortune, disaster, calamity, injury
52 s shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 53c (so) it/this is/may be; ^ this; this
wei4 ˓7079 01m 53m called, styled, known as; call v; describes
xi2 ǰ2499 124+5 HL (^) practice, train, familiarize (ing) (in, at, with)
chang2 DŽ0221 01b 55 l survival; (what) last, endure (s); sustainable (v)
53 a shi3 ç5770 03b 55o let (this be); if, were; allow, grant (ing)
wo3 Å4778 17i 57o me, us; my, our; I, we
jie4 '0629 9+2 HL resolve, resolution; constraint, limit (s, ed)
ran2 Ȣ3072 17i 54s (here/in this/truly) be (this); & promise, swear
you3 ›7533 01f 53 l (in, to) attain, be, (l)earn, gain, have, find (ing)
zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 54s comprehension, knowledge, understanding
53 b xing2 ª2754 02 l 62e (&, to) journey, progress, travel, walk (ing)
yu2 Č7643 08e 54d across, along, on, upon, over, throughout
da4 5943 13b 53d (a, the) grand, great, vast, long, entire, whole
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 53d way, path, road, course, track; process, truth
53 c wei2 Ʒ7064 02q 59c (where, with) only, just; mere(ly), simple; simply
yi2 Ų2947 162+5 HL stray, digress (ing); attenuation; distractions
shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 53m (is) to be; itself is; is/may be/to rightly, truly
wei4 š7069 15i 72a (to) dread, fear; heed, respect (ed); be wary of

143
53 d da4 5943 13b 60a (a, the) grand, great, vast, long, entire, whole
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 53n way, path, road, course, track; principle, truth
shen4 Š5724 21k 53f (is) (so) exceedingly, extremely, quite, very
yi2 Œ2982 14b F plain, ordinary, simple, level [hidden in view]
53 e er2 £1756 01 l 55f and (still, yet); but, yet (still); nevertheless, only
min2 i4508 03b 57g humanity; (the) multitude, others, people
hao4 2062 30c 57q favor, choose, prefer, love (s); (is/are) fond of
jing4 Ƌ1120 60+7 HL (the) byways, bypaths, short cuts, detours
53 f chao2 Ț0233 23b F (the)(ir) courts, forums, palaces (ap zhao1)
shen4 Š5724 21k 53g (are) (so) exceedingly, extremely, quite, very
chu2 Ʈ1391 10e F tidy, neat, clean; (well-) kept, swept, tended
53 g tian2 p6362 102+0 HL (but, yet) (the)(ir) fields, (farm)lands, grounds
shen4 Š5724 21k 53h (are) (so) exceedingly, extremely, quite, very
wu2 ˎ7184 140+12 HL neglected, uncultivated, overgrown, weedy
53 h cang1 ž6707 9+8 HL (the)(ir) graineries, store(house)s, silos, barns
shen4 Š5724 21k 70a (are) (so) exceedingly, extremely, quite, very
xu1 ȯ2821 03h F empty, vacant, hollow, unoccupied, wanting
53 i fu2 đ1999 74+4 59d (the)(ir) cloth(es, ing) garments; attire, garb
wen2 ;7129 19g F (is/are) (so) refined, stylish, elegant, civilized
cai3 ʒ6670 120+8 HL (&) ornamented, elaborate, extravagant, showy
53 j dai4 Dž6005 50+8 HL (but, with) ^^ worn at/on (the) waists/belts
li4 ´3867 08b 56 l (the) sharp(ened)
jian4 ʠ0849 18+13 HL (double-edged) swords vv
53 k yan4 ɷ7387 27+12 66 l (with) too much, a glut/surfeit/surplus of
yin3 Ɂ7454 184+4 HL drink(s), wine; drinking
shi2 Ÿ5810 20* 75b & food, eats; eating, feasting, dining
53 l cai2 ƨ6662 154+3 HL (with) wealth, riches, money, valuables
huo4 Ǹ2398 03c 64u & goods, possessions, commodities, property
you3 ›7533 01f 57m being; (are, being) claim, hold, own (ed); keep, kept
yu2 ʾ7608 20o 54g hoarded, stockpiled; (in) excess, heaps, surplus
53m shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 56i (so) it/this/these/they may/might be; (^) this
wei4 ˓7079 01m 55q called, styled, known as; call v; describes
dao4 Ȧ6138 03d 57m robber, bandit, thieve (s, ry); pirate(acy)
kua1 3526 37+4 HL & exaggeration, bombast; bragg(ing, -arts)
53 n fei1 į1819 01b 60d ^ it/this is not (at all); (and) ^ not (the right)
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 55q ^ (the) way, path, road, course; principle, truth*
ye3 7312 03m 55i ^ at all, indeed, period
zai1 ļ6650 20h 54s (most) certainly, emphatically, surely vvv !

144
54 a shan4 ȭ5657 02c 54b ^ ably, best, firmly, properly, skillfully, well
jian4 ń0853 41h F ^ established, installed, founded; planted, set up
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 54b one(s)/those (who); what/that which is/are vv
bu4 5379 02d 54b is/are not/never/rarely/seldom; will not be
ba2 ĉ4848 64+5 HL uprooted, withdrawn, removed; pulled up/out
54 b shan4 ȭ5657 02c 58j ^ ably, best, firmly, properly, skillfully, well
bao4 ċ4938 10a 64g ^ accepted, embraced, grasped, guarded
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 56a one(s)/those (who); what/that which is/are vv
bu4 5379 02d 54c is/are/do not/never/rarely; will not (be)
tuo1 DZ6468 36k F taken away, lost, abandoned; leave, slip away
54 c zi3 6939 04k 55b (^ of) child(ren), descendant, heir (s)
sun1 ƃ5541 39+7 HL & grandchild(ren); posterity; generations (v)
yi3 J2932 01h 54n accordingly, therefore, thus; make, serve, use
ji4 Ǭ0465 113+6 HL (make) offering(s); offer, worship, venerate
si4 Ĥ5592 113+3 HL (&, the) (make) sacrifice(s)
bu4 5379 02d 55c without, with no; un-; there is/will be no
chuo4 ʸ1280 159+8 HL cease, end, fail (ing-ly), interruption, suspension
54 d xiu1 Ž2794 9+8 54f (^) cultivate, develop, practice; restore (ing)
zhi1 !0935 01e 54f when v (ed); (as/when) it, this, such (is)
yu2 Č7643 08e 54f in, inside, within; to; by
shen1 ß5718 07e 54n (a, the) being, individual, life, person; oneself
54 e qi2 ì0525 01h 54g the, this, such; its, their; one’s, your (own)
de2 ʤ6162 10q 54g character, virtue, merit; nature; fitness, power
nai3 4612 16n 54g is/will then (be); becomes, brings (the); grows
zhen1 ƙ0297 21k F true, real, authentic, genuine, actual, factual
54 f xiu1 Ž2794 54d 54h (^) cultivate, develop, practice; restore (ing)
zhi1 !0935 01e 54h when v (ed); (as/when) it, this, such (is)
yu2 Č7643 08e 54h in, inside, within; to; by
jia1 Ɔ0594 18g 54o (a, the) family, clan; household, home
54 g qi2 ì0525 01h 54i the, this, such; its, their; one’s, your (own)
de2 ʤ6162 10q 54i character, virtue, merit; nature; fitness, power
nai3 4612 16n 54i is/will then (be); becomes, brings (the); grows
yu2 ʾ7608 20o 77e ample, plentiful; more than enough/sufficient
54 h xiu1 Ž2794 54d 54j (^) cultivate, develop, practice; restore (ing)
zhi1 !0935 01e 54j when v (ed); (as/when) it, this, such (is)
yu2 Č7643 08e 54j in, inside, within; to; by
xiang1 Ⱥ2556 163+10 54p (a, the) village, community, neighborhood

145
54 i qi2 ì0525 01h 54k the, this, such; its, their; one’s, your (own)
de2 ʤ6162 10q 54k character, virtue, merit; nature; fitness, power
nai3 4612 16n 54k is/will then (be); becomes, brings (the); grows
chang2 ī0213 02g 59i durable, persistent, sustained; endure/last(ing)
54 j xiu1 Ž2794 54d 54 l (^) cultivate, develop, practice; restore (ing)
zhi1 !0935 01e 54 l when v (ed); (as/when) it, this, such (is)
yu2 Č7643 08e 54 l in, inside, within; to; by
guo2 Ƹ3738 10g 54q (a, the) country, domain(inion), realm, state
54 k qi2 ì0525 01h 54m the, this, such; its, their; one’s, your (own)
de2 ʤ6162 10q 54m character, virtue, merit; nature; fitness, power
nai3 4612 16n 54m is/will then (be); becomes, brings (the); grows
feng1 ˵1897 151+11 HL abundant, prosperous, prolific, bountiful
54 l xiu1 Ž2794 54d F (^) cultivate, develop, practice; restore (ing)
zhi1 !0935 01e 55a when v (ed); (as/when) it, this, such (is)
yu2 Č7643 08e 55b in, inside, within, amidst; to; by
tian1 16361 01e 54r (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 54r below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
54m qi2 ì0525 01h 56c the, this, such; its, their; one’s, your (own)
de2 ʤ6162 10q 55a character, virtue, merit; nature; fitness, power
nai3 4612 16n 65p is/will then (be); becomes, brings (the); grows
pu3 Ș5384 72+8 HL universal, pervasive, everywhere, ubiquitous
54 n gu4 Ő3455 01g 56j (and) so; then; thus, hence; as such, given this
yi3 J2932 01h 54o with, by way/means of; as, according to; use
shen1 ß5718 07e 54n (a, the) being, individual, life, person; oneself
guan1 ̠3575 01h 54o (to) contemplate, examine, observe, see, study
shen1 ß5718 07e 66g (a, the) being, individual, life, person; oneself
54 o yi3 J2932 01h 54p with, by way/means of; as, according to; use
jia1 Ɔ0594 18g 54o (a, the) family, clan; household, home
guan1 ̠3575 01h 54p (to) contemplate, examine, observe, see, study
jia1 Ɔ0594 18g 57i (a, the) family, clan; household, home
54 p yi3 J2932 01h 54q with, by way/means of; as, according to; use
xiang1 Ⱥ2556 54h 54p (a, the) village, community, neighborhood
guan1 ̠3575 01h 54q (to) contemplate, examine, observe, see, study
xiang1 Ⱥ2556 54h F (a, the) village, community, neighborhood
54 q yi3 J2932 01h 54r with, by way/means of; as, according to; use
guo2 Ƹ3738 10g 54q (a, the) country, domain(inion), realm, state
guan1 ̠3575 01h 54r (to) contemplate, examine, observe, see, study
guo2 Ƹ3738 10g 57a (a, the) country, domain(inion), realm, state

146
54 r yi3 J2932 01h 54s with, by way/means of; as, according to; use
tian1 16361 01e 54r (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 54r below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
guan1 ̠3575 01h F (to) contemplate, examine, observe, see, study
tian1 16361 01e 54s (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 54s below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
54 s wu2 µ7188 04k 57d (now, so) ^ (am) I, we 57d
he2 ¬2109 13c 57d how (are) v; is it; ^ what ^ do “
yi3 J2932 01h 54t to; that v; by v means/instrument v “
zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 55g know, perceive, understand, recognize (that) “
tian1 16361 01e 56p (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 56p below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
ran2 Ȣ3072 17i 57d is ^ so, thus, like this, this way, as it is 57d
zai1 ļ6650 20h 57d vindeed, really, trulyv?; (now, so) vvvvvvv? “
54 t yi3 J2932 01h 57a by, through, using, with; consider 57e
ci3 6972 01k 57e this, This [self-evidence] “
55 a han2 ¸2017 30+4 HL (to) embody, incarnate; contain, possess (ing)
de2 ʤ6162 10q 59e character, virtue, merit; nature; fitness, power
zhi1 !0935 01e 55g ...’s; ^ of, around, in, to, with v
hou4 ĺ2147 38t 75h (the) substance, matter; fullness, strength(s)
55 b bi3 A5077 81+0 HL compares; is comparable, analogous, similar
yu2 Č7643 08e 63f to, with
chi4 Ü1048 155+0 HL (a, an, the) uncovered, bare, naked; pink
zi3 6939 04k 62h babe, baby, child, infant, young one
55 c feng1 ɥ1880 142+7 HL (whom) (the) bees, hornets, wasps
chai4 ̸0124 142+13 HL (&) scorpions
hui3 ŭ2316 142+3 HL vipers, cobras, (venomous) snakes
she2 Ǵ5698 142+5 HL & snakes, serpents
bu4 5379 02d 55d do/will/would not
shi4 ˣ5826 142+11 HL sting, poison, bite; trouble, plague (it, them)
55 d meng3 Ǧ4429 94+8 HL (the) fierce, savage, wild, ferocious, vicious
shou4 ˿5847 94+15 HL beasts, brutes. animals
bu4 5379 02d 55e do/will/would not
ju4 ˄1563 64+13 HL seize, snatch, grab, grasp, catch, carry off
55 e jue2 ̛1705 64+20 HL preying, predatory; ^ of prey; ^
niao3 Ȃ4688 196+0 HL birds; birds v; } raptors
bu4 5379 02d 55j do/will/would not
bo2 ɒ5323 14e F seize, snatch, grab; strike, attack, hunt

147
55 f gu3 ư3486 03k F (the, whose) bones, frame
ruo4 Ɖ3128 03j 76a (is, are) delicate, flexible, pliable, soft, weak
jin1 Ȫ1058 118+6 HL (&) (the) muscles, sinews, tendons
rou2 ŗ3133 10c 76a gentle, responsive, soft, supple, yielding, pliant
er2 £1756 01 l 55h and (still, yet); but, yet (still); although, while
wo4 ȓ7161 64+9 HL (the) grasp, grip, hold, handclasp
gu4 ö3450 36b 58 l certain, sure, firm, secure, steady, strong
55 g wei4 e7114 20h 64b without/not yet; as yet/still not/un-
zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 55 l know, understand (ing); aware, conscious of
pin4  5280 06b 61c (^) female; woman; women; feminine
mu3 Ñ4576 93+3 61d (^) & male; man; men; masculine
zhi1 !0935 01e 55i .(^) ..’s, ...s’; have; ^ of, among, between v
he2 ˆ2117 32f 64g (the) union, intercourse; couple, join (ing) (vvv)
55 h er2 £1756 01 l 55j and (still, yet); but, yet (still); although, while
zui1 ̨8013 143+8 HL (his) genitals, organ(s); penis, virility (is/are)
zuo4 ¯6780 02m 63i aroused; (start(s) to) work; rises/stands up
55 i jing1 ʏ1149 21j F (the) essence, vitality, life force, (animal) spirit
zhi1 !0935 01e 55k (is) at/in its; brought/come(s) to; reaches its
zhi4 §0982 43a 55k best, consummate, peak, optimum, prime, zenith
ye3 7312 03m 55k !; here, indeed, of all, period (!)
55 j zhong1 ǯ1500 23b 63 l ^ all, through(out); all ^ long; to/until the end
ri4 =3124 23c 58 l ^ (the) day; daily; v day v; of (the) day
hao4 ɤ2064 141+7 HL howling, wailing, screaming, crying
er2 £1756 01 l 56j and (still, yet); but, yet (still); while; with-
bu4 5379 02d 55q not, never, hardly, rarely, seldom; -out
sha4 ̬8014 30+10 HL becoming/getting/growing hoarse, rasping
55 k he2 ò2115 02i 55 l (the) accord, balance, harmony, resonance
zhi1 !0935 01e 55q (is) at/in its; brought/come(s) to; reaches its
zhi4 §0982 43a 65p best, consummate, peak, optimum, prime, zenith
ye3 7312 03m 67g !; here, indeed, of all, period (!)
55 l zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 55m (to) comprehend, know, understand (ing)
he2 ò2115 02i 56g (the) accord, balance, harmony, resonance
yue1 >7694 14b 55m (may be) called; suggests, speaks/tells of
chang2 DŽ0221 01b 55m (the) constant, perpetual; continuous, lasting
55m zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 56a (to) comprehend, know, understand (ing) 16j
chang2 DŽ0221 01b 61d (the) constant; continuous, lasting, enduring “
yue1 >7694 14b 55n (may be) called, termed; suggests, speaks/tells “
ming2 ď4534 10k 65b (of) clarity, enlightenment, lucidity, wisdom “

148
55 n yi4 Ƙ3052 42j F (the, to) augment(tion), enrich(ment), increase
sheng1 n5738 02e 59k (of) existence, life(’s span), livelihood, vitality
yue1 >7694 14b 55o (may be) called, termed; suggests, speaks/tells
xiang2 ǫ2577 31a 78 l (of a) good, happy, fortunate (omen) *
55 o xin1 82735 03f F (for) (the) heart, mind; desires, motives, will
shi3 ç5770 03b 74c (to) concentrate, direct, employ, focus (ing)
qi4 Ƒ0554 10c F (the) breath, life(’s) energy, vital force/spirit
yue1 >7694 14b 62n (may be) called, termed; suggests, speaks/tells
qiang2 LJ0668 03k 76b (of a) power(ful), strong (energy) *
55 p wu4 Ĝ7209 01f 57k (but)(^) (a) being, creature, entity, thing (s) 30n
zhuang4 »1453 30n F wax/grow(n) strong/mighty; overgrown (v) “
ze2 ķ6746 03o 59f (and, will) then; become(s); as a rule; soon “
lao3 ¢3833 30n 80r age, decay, grow (s) old/frail; aged, decayed “
55 q wei4 ˓7079 01m 56i call, deem, know; ^ describe, refer to 30o
zhi1 !0935 01e 58e this (as, to be); this, such ^ v;
bu4 5379 02d 55r off, away from; is not; does not v 30o
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 55r (the) way, path, road, course, track; truth “
55 r bu4 5379 02d 56a (what is) off; not; away from 30p
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 59k (the) way, path, road, course, track; truth “
zao3 ™6721 30p 59d (is) (^) soon, quickly, (an) early, untimely “
yi3 2930 02b F no more, end, finish, stop (s, ed) (v) “
56 a zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 56b (^, to) comprehend, know, understand (s, ing)
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 56b is; (^) mean; one(s)/those who(ever) (v)
bu4 5379 02d 56b not; is not v; do(es)/will not (v), rarely, seldom
yan2 Ú7334 02 l 56b (to) say so; advise, preach, speak, talk (s, ing)
56 b yan2 Ú7334 02 l 62d (^, to) advise, preach, speak, talk (s, ing)
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 61a is; one(s)/those who(ever); what/that which
bu4 5379 02d 56j not; is not v; do(es)/will not, rarely, seldom
zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 57d (to) comprehend, know, understand (s, ing)*
56 c sai1 ɉ5446 52h F block, bar, close, seal, shut, stop (up) 52h
qi2 ì0525 01h 56d the, those, your “
dui4 °6560 52h F passage, opening, aperture; exchange (s) “
56 d bi4 Ǽ5092 27d F close, lock, fasten, secure, block, bar, shut 52i
qi2 ì0525 01h 56e the, those, your “
men2 Ĭ4418 01o F door, gate (s, -ways); portal, threshold (s) “
56 e cuo4 Ǝ6795 04e F (be) blunt, dull; check, repress (ed, ing) 04e
qi2 ì0525 01h 56f (in/with) the, that, such; things; what is “
rui4 ʻ3174 04e F sharp, keen, acute(ity), pointed (ness) “

149
56 f jie3 ɧ0626 04f F (be) resolve, untie, loosen, free (ed, ing) 04f
qi2 ì0525 01h 56g (in/of/with) the, that, such; things; what is “
fen1 ƞ1859 04f F (en)tangle(ment), snarl, knot (s, ed) “
56 g he2 ò2115 02i 79a (be) soften, shade, ease, mediate (ed, ing) 04g
qi2 ì0525 01h 56h (in/with) the, that, such; things; what is “
guang1 |3583 04g 58q brightness, light, glare, glory, splendor “
56 h tong2 …6615 01k 56i (be) identify, unite (d, ing); (as) one 04h
qi2 ì0525 01h 57d (in/with) the, that, this, such; things; what is “
chen2 ɹ0328 04h F dust, dirt (y); world(ly); mundane, common “
56 i shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 58m (so) it/this/such is/may be; ^ this; this
wei4 ˓7079 01m 59d called, styled, known as; call v; describes
xuan2 k2881 01m 65m (a, the) deep, mystic(erious), profound, subtle
tong2 …6615 01k F convergence, identity, oneness, union, unity*
56 j gu4 Ő3455 01g 56p such as/that; as, because, since (it/this)
bu4 5379 02d 56k ^ (-)not be ; is not ^ to be
ke3 S3381 01a 56k can/may/might/will v; apt, inclined, likely v
de2 Lj6161 03c 56k gained, found, achieved, acquired, won, had
er2 £1756 01 l 56k (along, even) with; as, in, by, through
qin1 ˏ1107 17b 79h attachment, relationship, closeness, affection
56 k bu4 5379 02d 56 l ^ (-)not be ; is not ^ to be
ke3 S3381 01a 56 l can/may/might/will v; apt, inclined, likely v
de2 Lj6161 03c 56 l gained, found, achieved, acquired, won, had
er2 £1756 01 l 56 l (along, even) with; as, in, by, through
shu1 Ǩ5861 103+7 73 l detachment, distance, separation, aloofness
56 l bu4 5379 02d 56m ^ (-)not be ; is not ^ to be
ke3 S3381 01a 56m can/may/might/will v; apt, inclined, likely v
de2 Lj6161 03c 56m gained, found, achieved, acquired, won, had
er2 £1756 01 l 56m (along, even) with; as, in, by, through
li4 ´3867 08b 57h advantage, favor, gain, profit, reward, worth
56m bu4 5379 02d 56n ^ (-)not be ; is not ^ to be
ke3 S3381 01a 56n can/may/might/will v; apt, inclined, likely v
de2 Lj6161 03c 56n gained, found, achieved, acquired, won, had
er2 £1756 01 l 56n (along, even) with; as, in, by, through
hai4 ƅ2015 35c 66k harm, suffering, trouble, injury, victimization
56 n bu4 5379 02d 56o ^ (-)not be ; is not ^ to be
ke3 S3381 01a 56o can/may/might/will v; apt, inclined, likely v
de2 Lj6161 03c 56o gained, found, achieved, acquired, won, had
er2 £1756 01 l 56o (along, even) with; as, in, by, through
gui4 ȶ3636 03c 56p esteem, exaltation, dignity, honor, respect

150
56 o bu4 5379 02d 58n ^ (-)not be ; is not ^ to be
ke3 S3381 01a 59h can/may/might/will v; apt, inclined, likely v
de2 Lj6161 03c 61n gained, found, achieved, acquired, won, had
er2 £1756 01 l 57g (along, even) with; as, in, by, through
jian4 ʵ0868 39o F abasement, humility; contempt, hauteur
56 p gu4 Ő3455 01g 57n (&) so (this), thus; as such, in this way (it, this) 62q
wei2 ş7059 02a 57o become; act, behave, function, perform (s) as “
tian1 16361 01e 57c (^) (to all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the) “
xia4 2520 02a 57c (^) below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom “
gui4 ȶ3636 03c 62m (...’s, the) value, worth (of vv); precious vv “
57 a yi3 J2932 01h 57b by, through, using, with; apply, employ, use
zheng4 g0351 08j 57r correctness, principle, rectitude; (the) true, right
zhi4 ę1021 03g 59a (in, to) order, govern, rule, administer (ing)
guo2 Ƹ3738 10g 57i (a, the) country, domain(inion), realm, state
57 b yi3 J2932 01h 57c by, through, using, with; apply, employ, use
qi2 ø0514 37+5 57k tricks, surprise(s), deceit; (the) strange, unusual
yong4 o7567 04a 68d (in, to) employ, deploy, use; do, wage (ing)
bing1 ³5282 30b 69a (the) military; arms, weapons; (a) battle, war
57 c yi3 J2932 01h 57d by, through, using, with; apply, make, try, use
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 57o in-, non(-); no, lack of; (the) least/minimum
shi4 ä5787 02k 57s activity, effort, work; engage, involve (ment)
qu3 î1615 12j 61g (to) capture, occupy, win; gain, take (hold of)
tian1 16361 01e 57f (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 57f below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
57 d wu2 µ7188 04k 69b (now, so) ^ (am) I, we 21p
he2 ¬2109 13c 63g how are v; is it; ^ what ^ do “
yi3 J2932 01h 57e to; that v; by v means/instrument v “
zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 58g know, perceive, understand, recognize (that) “
qi2 ì0525 01h 58a this; such, these (things), things (are)
ran2 Ȣ3072 17i 64x is ^ is ^ so, thus, like this, this way, as it is 54s
zai1 ļ6650 20h F v indeed, really, trulyv?; (now, so) vvvvv? 21p
57 e yi3 J2932 01h 58m by, through, using, with; consider 21q
ci3 6972 01k 62 l this, This* [no colon here] “
57 f tian1 16361 01e 59a ^ (in)(all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 60b ^ below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
duo1 ‹6416 05i 57h add, multiply, increase (s); there are more ^^vv
ji4 Ã0432 61+3 HL superstitions(-ious) taboos, fears, abstentions
hui4 ː2357 149+9 HL & restrictions, prohibitions, proscriptions

151
57 g er2 £1756 01 l 57p and (still, yet); but, yet (still); although, as, while
min2 i4508 03b 57h humanity; (the) multitude, others, people
mi2 ˙4459 47e F is/are/grow(s) further/more/increasingly
pin2 ǹ5274 154+4 HL impoverished, deficient, poor, needy
57 h min2 i4508 03b 57p (as) humanity; (the) multitude, others, people
duo1 ‹6416 05i 57j add/has/have more; multiply, increase (s)
li4 ´3867 08b 73c beneficial, effective, productive; better; sharp
qi4 ˁ0549 11c 67o implement, instrument, tool; skill, specialist (s)
57 i guo2 Ƹ3738 10g 59h (&, but, yet) country, domain, realm, state (s)
jia1 Ɔ0594 18g F & (ruling) clan, family, household (s)
zi1 ȟ6937 85+10 57k grow/become increasingly, progressively, more
hun1 Đ2359 18g F confused, disordered, chaotic, disturbed
57 j ren2 3097 02k 57n (as, when) human, individual, other (s) people
duo1 ‹6416 05i 57m multiply, increase (s); are/become/grow/get more
ji4 ̢0438 9+4 HL (in) clever(ness); talent(ed); skill(ful); cunning
qiao3 ]0743 19e F & artful(ness); ingenius(ity); strategic(egy)
57 k qi2 ø0514 57b 58i (&, but) strange, bizarre, weird, odd, perverse
wu4 Ĝ7209 01f 57 l circumstances, matters, phenomena, things
zi1 ȟ6937 57i 57 l increasingly; (^) more frequently/often (that)
qi3 Ʃ0548 156+3 64j (begin/start to) happen, occur, arise (v)
57 l fa3 ė1762 25r F (^) (as, when) of law, statute, code; legal
wu4 Ĝ7209 01f 62a matters, circumstances, affairs (of) (v)
zi1 ȟ6937 57i F the more (frequently) (vv); (are) increasingly,
zhang1 ʂ0185 22 l F (are) post, propagate, publish, proclaim (ed)
57m dao4 Ȧ6138 03d F (^) robbers, bandits, pirates, plunderers
zei2 ɪ6752 19f 65g (^) & thieves, burglars, cheats, looters
duo1 ‹6416 05i 63d (the) more (frequently) vv; have more
you3 ›7533 01f 59h there are/will be; appear; to claim, gain, take
57 n gu4 Ő3455 01g 60i (and) so; therefore, thus, hence, consequently
sheng4 ɠ5753 02k 58m (a, the) perceptive, sagely, wise; ^ (a, the)
ren2 3097 02k 58k individual, one, person (s); people; } sage(s)
yun2 "7745 7+2 78i (will) say, claim, declare; (have) ...-ed:
57 o wo3 Å4778 17i 57q I, we
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 57s do/will not ; ^ nothing; ^ no ^
wei2 ş7059 02a 58i act; interfere, meddle; do v ; take v action
57 p er2 £1756 01 l 57r and (so, still, then, thus); then; as, while
min2 i4508 03b 57r humanity; (the) multitude, others, people
zi4 ¦6960 07c 57r ^ on its/their own; by itself/themselves
hua4 .2211 37d F change, evolve, mature, reform, transform (s) v

152
57 q wo3 Å4778 17i 57s I, we
hao4 2062 30c F favor, prefer, choose, elect, opt for, tend to
jing4 ˗1154 15t 61d calm, stillness, patience, serenity, tranquility
57 r er2 £1756 01 l 57t and (so, still, then, thus); then; as, while
min2 i4508 03b 57t humanity; (the) multitude, others, people
zi4 ¦6960 07c 57t ^ (by/of/in) itself/themselves, on its/their own
zheng4 g0351 08j 58h govern, order, regulate, resolve, straighten (s)(v)
57 s wo3 Å4778 17i 57u I, we
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 57u do/will not; am/are not; ^ no ^
shi4 ä5787 02k 59a try, (get) involved; make/take v an effort/trouble
57 t er2 £1756 01 l 57v and (so, still, then, thus); then; as, while
min2 i4508 03b 57v humanity; (the) multitude, others, people
zi4 ¦6960 07c 57v ^ (by/in/of) itself/themselves, on its/their own
fu4 ȉ1952 09g F enrich; become/grow wealthy; prosper (s) v
57 u wo3 Å4778 17i 67a I, we
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 58h have no; am/are without; avoid, dismiss, lack
yu4 ǚ7671 01g 61 l ambition, craving, desire, longing, want (s)
57 v er2 £1756 01 l 58n and (so, still, then, thus); then; as, while
min2 i4508 03b 58b humanity; (the) multitude, others, people
zi4 ¦6960 07c 64x ^ (by/in/of) itself/themselves, on its/their own
pu3 ˅5354 15o F simplify; become/grow (s) authentic/genuine v
58 a qi2 ì0525 01h 58b (if, when, where) the, one’s, its/their
zheng4 ŏ0355 66+5 58c government, administration, regime, law, rule
men4 ȑ4420 20v 58a (is) dull, torpid, subdued, depressed, muted
men4 ȑ4420 20v F & dull, torpid, subdued, listless, preoccupied
58 b qi2 ì0525 01h 58c (then, there) the, one’s, its/their
min2 i4508 03b 58d citizens, people, population, society
chun2 ǝ5932 85+8 58b (is, are) honest, genuine, sincere, whole, pure
chun2 ǝ5932 58b F & honest, genuine, sincere, whole(some)
58 c qi2 ì0525 01h 58d (if, when, where) the, one’s, its/their
zheng4 ŏ0355 58a F government, administration, regime, law, rule
cha2 ʀ0111 20u 58c (is) alert, astute, observant, sharp, efficient 20u
cha2 ʀ0111 20u F & astute, observant, exacting, inquisitive “
58 d qi2 ì0525 01h 58g (then, there) the, one’s, its/their
min2 i4508 03b 64q citizens, people, population, society
que1 Ɵ1708 45a 58d (is, are) deficient, incomplete, partial, lacking
que1 Ɵ1708 45a F & deficient, incomplete, partial, wanting

153
58 e huo4 ʋ2399 46f 58f (^) calamity, misery, suffering, misfortune
xi1 *2414 04c 58f ...-; o/oh/ah (,) v ! (that)
fu2 ʊ1978 113+9 58f happiness, blessings, (good) fortune, favor
zhi1 !0935 01e 58f has its/this/such (things); being/to be ^v
suo3 Ĉ5465 07b 58f place, position to; what/where/that which
yi3 ż2953 9+8 HL rely, depend, lean (s) on; adhere, trust (s) to
58 f fu2 ʊ1978 58e 65i (^) happiness, blessings, (good) fortune, favor
xi1 *2414 04c F ...-; o/oh/ah (,) v ! (that)
huo4 ʋ2399 46f 69j calamity, misery, suffering, misfortune
zhi1 !0935 01e 58k has its/this/such (things); being/to be ^v
suo3 Ĉ5465 07b 61n place, position (s) to; that which; what, where
fu2 z1964 9+4 HL hide, lurk, brood, crouch, lie (s) in (ambush)
58 g shu2 ƿ5893 15t 73e who; what/how much is
zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 59g comprehend, know(n), undertand(ood) (s) 59g
qi2 ì0525 01h 58h (of/about) the/its/their/these/such “
ji2 ɕ0484 16a 59g end, limit, optimum, outcome; pivot (s) ? “
58 h qi2 ì0525 01h 58 l is/are there/this is; ^^ in/with/about it/this (?)
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 59f no; not, hardly; (there is) nothing, (so) little
zheng4 g0351 08j 58i order, rules; consistent, straightforward
58 i zheng4 g0351 08j 78n (the) order, rules; consistent, straightforward
fu4 ȍ1992 14 l 58j returns, reverts, go/goes/turns back
wei2 ş7059 02a 58j (to) act, behave, function, perform (ing)
qi2 ø0514 57b 74d strange, odd, bizarre, weird, perverse (ly)
58 j shan4 ȭ5657 02c 62b (the) admirable, good, excellent, fine, virtuous
fu4 ȍ1992 14 l 64w returns, reverts, goes/turns back
wei2 ş7059 02a 61e to act, behave, function, perform (ing)
yao1 ¾7279 38+4 HL weird, spooky, eerie, ominous, monstrous (ly)
58 k ren2 3097 02k 58m human(ity, kind, s, beings), other(s) people
zhi1 !0935 01e 59e has/have had/held/come to its/this/their/such
mi2 ƫ4450 27q F confusion, delusion, deception, illusion (s)
58 l qi2 ì0525 01h 59g by/through/in/for/with the/such/those/their
ri4 =3124 23c F (^^) days, time(s)
gu4 ö3450 36b 59j (an) entrenched, secured, established, solidified
jiu3 1188 07a 59i & chronic; (so, a) long (time) ago; length of (v)
58m shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 59d this is; (&) so it is; ^ this ^; ^
yi3 J2932 01h 59h why; that; for v reason; } therefore, thus
sheng4 ɠ5753 02k 60g (a, the) perceptive, sagely, wise; ^ (a, the)
ren2 3097 02k 59a individual, one, person (s); people; } sage(s)

154
58 n fang1 <1802 41q F (is, are) square, methodical, definite, direct
er2 £1756 01 l 58o and (still, yet); but, yet (still); although, while
bu4 5379 02d 58o not; do(es) not; will not, never, rarely, seldom
ge1 ȃ3380 28v F divide(sive, ed), cut(ting); disjoins; schismatic
58 o lian2 ɋ4003 53+10 HL strict, exacting, incorruptible, uncorrupted
er2 £1756 01 l 58p and (still, yet); but, yet (still); although, while
bu4 5379 02d 58p not; do(es) not; will not, never, rarely, seldom
gui4 ̰3640 18+13 HL harm, hurt (ful); wound(ing); injure(ious)
58 p zhi2 ġ1006 22b F direct, forthright, to the point, outspoken
er2 £1756 01 l 58q and (still, yet); but, yet (still); although, while
bu4 5379 02d 58q not; do(es) not; will not, never, rarely, seldom
si4 ɡ5599 129+7 HL offend(sive); (be) severe, reckless, tactless
58 q guang1 |3583 04g F bright, luminous, illustrious, exemplary
er2 £1756 01 l 61k and (still, yet); but, yet (still); although, while
bu4 5379 02d 59f not; do(es) not; will not, never, rarely, seldom
yao4 ̵5693 86+14 HL dazzle, daze, blind, glare, flash (ing)
59 a zhi4 ę1021 03g 60a (in, for, when) govern, lead, rule, direct (ing)
ren2 3097 02k 60e human(ity, s, beings), other(s) people; society
shi4 ä5787 02k 61m (&, or) attend to, help, serve, work (ing) for
tian1 16361 02k 60b heaven, (the) sky, celestial; (an, the) empire
59 b mo4 Dz4557 09f 59g (there is) nothing, no, not any
ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 60a (is/seems) as good as, (quite) like, equal to
se4 Ɉ5447 30+10 59c thrift, economy, parsimony, moderation
59 c fu1 21908 02q 60h now (^) (when, ^ as) (one is) ^ one/those/the
wei2 Ʒ7064 02q 67c only (inasmuch, insofar); only v who is/are
se4 Ɉ5447 59b F thrifty, economical, parsimonious, moderate
59 d shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 59j is/are/may (be) correctly, rightly, truly (be)
wei4 ˓7079 01m 59e called, deemed, termed; known/regarded as
zao3 ™6721 30p 59e leading, ahead of; early to; advance, prior
fu2 đ1999 53i 59e (the) undertaking, work, task; commitment
59 e zao3 ™6721 30p F (to be) ahead of; early to; advance, prior
fu2 đ1999 53i 80m (the) undertaking, work, task; commitment
wei4 ˓7079 01m 59j means, says, signals, signifies, suggests
zhi1 !0935 01e 59i (that) there is/will be; attain, have, reach (ing)
zhong4 Ŵ1509 26a 59f (a) great, respectable, substantial, weighty
ji1 ˋ0500 115+11 59f accumulate, collect, gather (ing, ion); reserve
de2 ʤ6162 10q 59f (in/of) character, virtue, merit; fitness, power

155
59 f zhong4 Ŵ1509 26a 66i (^) (a) great, respectable, substantial, weighty
ji1 ˋ0500 59e 80g (^) accumulate, gather (ing, ion); increase
de2 ʤ6162 10q 60i (^) (in/of) character, virtue, merit; fitness, power
ze2 ķ6746 03o 59g given, with vvv then, it follows that; means
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 59g (there is) nothing, (so, very) little; there are no
bu4 5379 02d 59g (is) not, im-, in-; lacks; that/which cannot be
ke4 ±3320 10+5 59g possible(ilities); adequate(acies); overcome
59 g wu2 ȡ7180 01e 63a (^) (there is) nothing, (so) little; there are no
bu4 5379 02d 60c (^) (is) not, im-, in-; lacks; that/which cannot be
ke4 ±3320 59f F (^) possible(ilities); adequate(acies); overcome
ze2 ķ6746 03o 61g if, given that, when vvv then; means; thus, so
mo4 Dz4557 09f 59h nobody, no one, none (is/are); there is no 59h
zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 59h comprehend(sion), perceive(ption), know (s, ing)
“
qi2 ì0525 01h 59h (of, as to) one’s, the, their; things (as/to be) “
ji2 ɕ0484 16a 59h bound, end, limit (s, ed); outcome; pivot “
59 h mo4 Dz4557 09f 66n nobody, none; no/not one; not any (who)
zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 65j comprehends, discerns, knows, perceives 58g
qi2 ì0525 01h 60c (of, as to) one’s, the, their; things (as/to be) “
ji2 ɕ0484 16a 68h bound, end, limit (s, ed); outcome; pivot “
ke3 S3381 01a 59i (is, are) called, fit, ready, right, suited, worthy
yi3 J2932 01h 59i (thereby, therewith) to, for (the purpose of)
you3 ›7533 01f 59i acquire, assume, claim, hold, possess (ing)
guo2 Ƹ3738 10g 59i (a, the) country, domain, realm, state, territory
59 i you3 ›7533 01f 62g (now) possess, acquire, assume, claim (s, ing)
guo2 Ƹ3738 10g 60a (a, the) country, domain, realm, state, territory
zhi1 !0935 01e 59k ...’s; (the) ^ of, to v
mu3 h4582 01f F mother, matrix; source, common denominator
ke3 S3381 01a 62d (is, are) called, fit, ready, right, suited, worthy
yi3 J2932 01h 60b (thereby, therewith) to, for (the purpose of)
chang2 ī0213 02g 59k continue, endure, last, persist, survive (ing)
jiu3 1188 07a 59k long; (for) a long time; & continue, endure
59 j shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 63 l (so) it/this/such is/may be; ^ this; this
wei4 ˓7079 01m 65m called, styled, known as; call v; describes
shen1 Ǣ5719 15c 65n deep, profound, intense; sound, strong (ly)
gen1 Ɛ3328 06d F (in, of) root(s, ed); base; found(ation, ed)
gu4 ö3450 36b 67u & certain, firm, secure, solid, steady, sure (ly)
di3 ř6193 75+5 HL (in, of) root(s, ed); base, found(ation, ed)(s)

156
59 k chang2 ī0213 02g 67o enduring, lasting, long, persistent, sustained
sheng1 n5738 02e 64h development, existence, growth, life, vitality
jiu3 1188 07a 67f & enduring, lasting, long, sustained; far
shi4 ȱ5789 14a F vision, sight, perception; attention, regard
zhi1 !0935 01e 61b ...’s; ^ of/for/in/to/with vv & vv
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 60b (the) way, path, road, course; principle, truth
60 a zhi4 ę1021 03g 64f govern, rule, administer, manage, handle (ing)
da4 5943 13b 61a (a, the) grand, great, big, large; whole, entire
guo2 Ƹ3738 10g 61a country, domain(inion), realm, state, territory
ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 67e (is) (just/much) like; similar to; as if, though
peng1 ǣ5052 86+7 HL cooking, preparing, boiling, frying
xiao3 2605 32b 61f (a) little, modest, small, tiny, trifling
xian1 ˫2716 195+6 HL (fresh) fish (meat)
60 b yi3 J2932 01h 61d thus; as; in this way; this is how; (the) way
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 62a (the) way; principle, process, truth; nature
li4 ʖ3912 140+10 HL oversees, manages, administers, (at)tends to
tian1 16361 01e 61b (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 61a below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
60 c qi2 ì0525 01h 60d (whether) the, these, those, their, others’ 60d
gui3 Ʋ3634 194+0 60d ghost, soul, demon, devil (s) “
bu4 5379 02d 60d have no, lack, want (for); are without “
shen2 ƚ5716 06a 60d spirit, deity, diva, genius (s); (-ual, -ine) power “
60 d fei1 į1819 01b 60f or not; (or) ^^ do not; not that
qi2 ì0525 01h 60e the, these, those, their, others’ 60c
gui3 Ʋ3634 60c F ghost, soul, demon, devil (s) (v) “
bu4 5379 02d 60e have no, lack, want (for); are without “
shen2 ƚ5716 06a 60e spirit, deity, diva, genius (s); (-ual, -ine) power “
60 e qi2 ì0525 01h 60f (whether) the, these, those, their, others’ 60f
shen2 ƚ5716 06a 60f spirit, deity, diva, divinity, genius, soul (s) “
bu4 5379 02d 60f do(es)/will not; would never; avoid “
shang1 Ʌ5666 9+11 60f harm, injure, distress, trouble, haunt (ing) “
ren2 3097 02k 60f human(ity, beings, s); folk, other(s) people “
60 f fei1 į1819 01b 65b or not; (or) ^^ do not; not that
qi2 ì0525 01h 61n the, these, those, their, others’ 60e
shen2 ƚ5716 06a F spirit, deity, diva, divinity, genius, soul (s) “
bu4 5379 02d 60g do(es)/will not; would never; avoid “
shang1 Ʌ5666 60e 60g harm, injure, distress, trouble, haunt (ing) “
ren2 3097 02k 60g human(ity, beings, s); folk, other(s) people* “

157
60 g sheng4 ɠ5753 02k 63 l (a, the) perceptive, sagely, wise; ^ (a, the)
ren2 3097 02k 60g individual, one, person (s); people; } sage(s)
yi4 x3021 23m 65k after all, nevertheless, notwithstanding, still
bu4 5379 02d 60h do(es)/will not; would never; avoid(s)
shang1 Ʌ5666 60e 60h harm, injure, distress, trouble, haunt (ing)
ren2 3097 02k 61 l human(ity, beings, s); folk, other(s) people
60 h fu1 21908 02q 61n (now, then, when) (as) (^) (of) these; ^
liang3 ë3953 01k 61n two, both (v); ^
bu4 5379 02d 61 l do/will not; avoid, do no; } neither of these
xiang1 ť 2562 02e 69 l ^ the/each other; one another; (do) mutual
shang1 Ʌ5666 60e 74k harm, injure(y), distress, trouble, haunt (s) (v)
60 i gu4 Ő3455 01g 61f thus, hence, so, in this way; it follows/so that
de2 ʤ6162 10q 63e character, virtue, quality; nature; power (s)
jiao1 w0702 8+4 61b communicate, (ex, inter)change, interact (s)
gui1 ˬ3617 14 l F (&) return; come/turn (s) back/home
yan1 Ǥ7330 02m F here, herein, in/to this/them
61 a da4 5943 13b 61f (a, the) great(er, est), mature, successful
guo2 Ƹ3738 10g 61f country, domain(inion), land, realm, state (s)
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 61n is/are (the) one(s)/those/that which; implies
xia4 2520 02a 61b ^ below, beneath, under; (is) down(-, ward)
liu2 ŝ4080 85+7 HL flow, stream, course, current (s, ing) (v)
61 b tian1 16361 01e 61c (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 61c below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
zhi1 !0935 01e 61c ...’s; ^ of/to/for vv
jiao1 w0702 60i F (a, the) con(fluence, vergence), meeting place
61 c tian1 16361 01e 62h (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 61e below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
zhi1 !0935 01e 62a ...’s; ^ of/to/for vv
pin4  5280 06b 61d (a, the) woman, female, feminine
61 d pin4  5280 06b F (as) (a, the) woman, female, feminine
chang2 DŽ0221 01b 64q principle; always, ever, consistently, usually
yi3 J2932 01h 61e by (way/means of), through, using, with
jing4 ˗1154 15t 61e calm, stillness, patience, serenity, tranquility
sheng4 Ȅ5754 31j 67t control, overcome, overwhelm, subdue (s)
mu3 Ñ4576 55g F (a, the) man, male, masculine
61 e yi3 J2932 01h 61f by (way/means of), through, using, with
jing4 ˗1154 15t F calm, stillness, patience, serenity, tranquility
wei2 ş7059 02a 61o (&) act, assume, become, behave, play (s, ing)
xia4 2520 02a 61f humble, lowly; (the) submissive, subordinate

158
61 f gu4 Ő3455 01g 61j (and) so; therefore, thus, hence; in this way
da4 5943 13b 61h (a, the) great (er, est), mature, successful
guo2 Ƹ3738 10g 61f country, domain(inion), land, realm, state (s)
yi3 J2932 01h 61h by (way/means of); in, through
xia4 2520 02a 61h bow, lower, submit, subordinate (ing) to
xiao3 2605 32b 61g (a, the) small(er, est), humbler, lesser, modest
guo2 Ƹ3738 10g 61g country, domain(inion), land, realm, state (s)
61 g ze2 ķ6746 03o 61i (will) consequently, then, usually; in due order
qu3 î1615 12j 61i appropriate, court, obtain, subsume, win (s)
xiao3 2605 32b 61h (a, the) small (er, est), humbler, lesser, modest
guo2 Ƹ3738 10g 61h country, domain(inion), land, realm, state (s)
61 h xiao3 2605 32b 61m (a, the) small (er, est), humbler, lesser, modest
guo2 Ƹ3738 10g 61h country, domain(inion), land, realm, state (s)
yi3 J2932 01h 61j by (way/means of); in, through
xia4 2520 02a 61j bow, lower, submit, subordinate (ing) to
da4 5943 13b 61i (a, the) great (er, est), mature, successful
guo2 Ƹ3738 10g 61i country, domain(inion), land, realm, state (s)
61 i ze2 ķ6746 03o 64s (will) consequently, then, usually; in due order
qu3 î1615 12j 61j appropriate, court, obtain, subsume, win (s)
da4 5943 13b 61 l (a, the) great (er, est), mature, successful
guo2 Ƹ3738 10g 61 l country, domain(inion), land, realm, state (s)
61 j gu4 Ő3455 01g 62h (and) so; therefore, thus, hence; in this way
huo4 ć2402 04b 61k (the) one; some (may, might)
xia4 2520 02a 61k bow, lower, submit, subordinate (s)
yi3 J2932 01h 62d (in order/intending) to; for the purpose of
qu3 î1615 12j 61k appropriate, court, obtain, subsume (ing)
61 k huo4 ć2402 04b 73c (&) (the) other(s), another; some (may, might)
xia4 2520 02a 61o bow, lower, submit, subordinate (s)
er2 £1756 01 l 64q and (also, simply, so, then) (happens to)
qu3 î1615 12j 72k (is) appropriate, court, subsume (s, ed); taken in
61 l da4 5943 13b 61o (if, where, when) (a, the) great(er, est), mature
guo2 Ƹ3738 10g 61m country, domain(inion), land, realm, state (s)
bu4 5379 02d 61m has no; does not have; is without
guo4 ɴ3730 35f 61m (a) greater, larger ^ than; (^) beyond, past
yu4 ǚ7671 01g 61m ambition, appetite, craving, desire, longing (v)
jian1 ſ0830 12+8 HL (to) unite, connect, gather, confederate (ing)
chu4 Ɩ1412 10m F & (take) care(s)/provide of/for; nurture
ren2 3097 02k 61m (the) other(s) people; another; humanity

159
61m xiao3 2605 32b 63d (&) (a, the) small (er, est), humbler, lesser
guo2 Ƹ3738 10g 65f country, domain(inion), land, realm, state (s)
bu4 5379 02d 62c has no; does not have; is without
guo4 ɴ3730 35f 64w (a) greater. larger ^ than; (^) beyond, past
yu4 ǚ7671 01g 61n ambition, appetite, craving, desire, longing (v)
ru4 3152 43c F enter, join (ing); being accepted/admitted to
shi4 ä5787 02k 63b & attend, help, serve, work (ing) with/for/to
ren2 3097 02k 62b (the) other(s) people; another; humanity
61 n fu1 21908 02q 63n now, then (as, if, when; since, given that)
liang3 ë3953 01k 65j (the) two; both
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 61o of them/these; will
ge4 †3368 16f F each (one) (alone, individually, separately)
de2 Lj6161 03c 62o (will) gain, get, attain, achieve, secure, satisfy (s)
qi2 ì0525 01h 63f ^ it; its (own), the
suo3 Ĉ5465 07b 62c what/that which v; place, purpose, way
yu4 ǚ7671 01g 64t (&) desire, long, seek, want, wish (s) for
61 o da4 5943 13b 63d (&, then) (the) great (er, est), mature, successful
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 62a (is, are) (the) one(s)/those who/which
yi2 Ā2993 40+5 HL should, ought to (properly, appropriately)
wei2 ş7059 02 62q act, assume, become, behave, move, play (the)
xia4 2520 02a 62q humble, submissive (ly); subordinate; to submit
62 a dao4 ɰ6136 01a 62 l (the) way, path, course; principle, truth
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 62m is; implies, indicates, means, signifies, suggests
wan4 ɛ7030 01f 64x (a, the) myriad, ten thousand; all
wu4 Ĝ7209 01f 64x beings, creatures, entities, things; of creation
zhi1 !0935 01e 62b ...’s; ^ of/to/for vv
ao4 Ɋ0046 37+10 HL (a, the) sanctum, altar, shrine, focus(al point)
62 b shan4 ȭ5657 02c 62c (a, the) able, good, skilled, virtuous, worthy
ren2 3097 02k 62c character, fellow, individual, one, person (s)
zhi1 !0935 01e 62c ...s’; ...’s; ^ of/to/for vv
bao3 ̆4956 40+17 67h (a, the) prize, treasure, jewel, gem
62 c bu4 5379 02d 62f (a, an, the) not (so, very), less than, un-
shan4 ȭ5657 02c 62f (a, the) able, good, skilled, virtuous, worthy
ren2 3097 02k 62e character, fellow, individual, one, person (s)
zhi1 !0935 01e 62f ...s’; ...’s; ^^ of/to/for vv
suo3 Ĉ5465 07b 62m location, place, position, way, means of/for/to
bao3 ij4946 09d 67i protection, refuge, shelter, safety, security

160
62 d mei3 ũ4406 02a 80m admirable, beautiful, elegant, fair, fancy, fine
yan2 Ú7334 02 l 66e oratory, rhetoric, speech(es), talk, words
ke3 S3381 01a 62e can/could/may/might/would (well) be
yi3 J2932 01h 62e applied, used; profitable, useful at/for/in/with
shi4 _5792 50+2 HL (a, the) market(place), trade, commerce, sale
62 e zun1 Ȋ6884 51f F admirable, honorable, noble, venerable
xing2 ª2754 02 l 64k action, behavior, conduct, deed, practice (s)
ke3 S3381 01a 79c can/could/may/might/would (well) be
yi3 J2932 01h 62k applied, used; profitable, useful at/for/in/with
jia1 P0580 19+3 HL increase, gain; promote, elevate, advance (ing)
ren2 3097 02k 62f someone, a man, person; people
62 f ren2 3097 02k 63 l (but) (if/when) (an)other(s) people, (some)one
zhi1 !0935 01e 62g has/have; hold(s); will have
bu4 5379 02d 62 l no, less, little; (a) lack, need, want of/for
shan4 ȭ5657 02c 65a ability, excellence, expertise, skill, talent
62 g he2 ¬2109 13c 62n why; what/where (is the) point in/of
qi4 Ǚ0550 19a F deny, discard, dismiss, reject, waste (ing)
zhi1 !0935 01e 62m (a) thing(s), something, that which, what (they)
you3 ›7533 01f 62j is/are/exist(s) ?; has, have, possess (to offer) ?
62 h gu4 Ő3455 01g 62q (and) so; therefore, thus, hence, consequently
li4 v3921 24a F (in, when) establish, crown, enthrone (ing)
tian1 16361 01e 62q heaven’s, (the) celestial; ^ heaven; ^(the)
zi3 6939 04k F heir, son; (the) son of/heir to v; } emperor
62 i zhi4 ɝ0976 122+8 HL (&, or) install, set up, appoint, seat (ing)
san1
5415 11a 67h (the) three; threesome, triad, trinity, trio (of)
gong1 +3701 16n F duke, lord, patriarch, (highest) noble (s)
62 j sui1 ˩5519 26e 80f (al)though; even if/though/when/where
you3 ›7533 01f 62p there is/are/(may) be; with; hold, possess (ing)
gong3 Ŏ3712 64+6 HL (a, the) large, two-handed; big ^ platter(s) ^
bi4 ˮ5115 96+13 HL jade disk/tablet/tribute (s); v jade v in tribute
62 k yi3 J2932 01h 62m ^ behind, by, with
xian1 ~2702 04 l 66f drawn, led, preceded v
si4 ʿ5601 187+5 HL (a) four-team(s); teams of four; two pairs
ma3 Ư4310 46b F (of) horse, steed, charger, courser (s)
62 l bu4 5379 02d 62n this is not, hardly, rarely; this does/will not
ru2 3137 05j 64r as good as; equal to; compare (well) with/to
zuo4 º6778 32+4 HL sitting (still); being seated/still; kneeling
jin4 ȹ1091 41j 69d & advance, promote, (pr)offer, suggest (ing)
ci3 6972 01k 62m this; in this; the present
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 62m way, path, road, course, road; principle, truth
161
62m gu3 T3447 14r 65a ^^ (that) antiquity; (the) ancient(s), old (ones)
zhi1 !0935 01e 63p ^^...s’; had (their); ^ of/for/in v
suo3 Ĉ5465 07b 64w ^ (the) purpose, reason; place, position (s) vv
yi3 J2932 01h 62o ^ behind, for, to; in, when, where
gui4 ȶ3636 03c 62q ^ esteem, favor, honor, respect, value (ing)
ci3 6972 01k 65j ^ this; the present
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 65a ^ way, path, road, course; principle, truth ?
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 64m what (is/are/might (be)/was) vvv(ones)vvvv
62 n he2 ¬2109 13c 74b is/was it/this; did/would (they)
bu4 5379 02d 63 l not
yue1 >7694 14b 67j assert, claim, declare, remark, say, suggest (d) :
62 o yi3 J2932 01h 62p (that) to; by (way/means of); through, with
qiu2 Ì1217 85+2 75h seek, search, ask, pursue, quest, hunt (ing)
de2 Lj6161 03c 64u (is) (to) find, attain(ment), gain, receive (ing)
62 p you3 ›7533 01f 64e to claim, have, own (up to), possess, retain
zui4 ɞ6860 46e F error, fault (s); transgressed(ions); offended
yi3 J2932 01h 63e (is) to be; means (being); becomes, leads to
mian3 ²4492 10+5 HL forgiven, spared, pardoned; forgiveness
ye2 á2625 07i F ? (see note at 7i)
62 q gu4 Ő3455 01g 63m (and) so (this); then; thus; as such, in this way 56p
wei2 ş7059 02a 63a (this) act, function, perform, serve (s, ing) as “
tian1 16361 01e 63h (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the) “
xia4 2520 02a 63h below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom “
gui4 ȶ3636 03c 64u (...’s, the) value, worth (of vv); precious vv “
63 a wei2 ş7059 02a 63a act, behave; do, perform
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 63b without, with no/least; regardless of; no longer
wei2 ş7059 02a 63g act(ing, ion), doing, perform(ing, ance)
63 b shi4 ä5787 02k 63b work; serve; try, make effort(s); get involved
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 63c without, with no/least; regardless of; no longer
shi4 ä5787 02k 63h working; servitude; trial; effort, involvement
63 c wei4 ð7115 12c 63c savor, relish, taste
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 63q without, with no; regardess of; no longer
wei4 ð7115 12c F tasting; (the) (five) tastes
63 d da4 5943 13b 63g (regard) (the) great(ness); big; major; mature
xiao3 2605 32b 80a (as, is) common, ordinary; small; minor; young
duo1 ‹6416 05i 63o (&) (the) more; much; many; plentiful; often
shao3 55675 19j F (as, is) less, little; (are) few; scarce; seldom

162
63 e bao4 ȇ4955 32+9 HL requite, repay, reward, recompense; avenge
yuan4 Ň7714 61+5 79a resentment, ill-will, enmity, rancor, hostility
yi3 J2932 01h 63 l by (way/means of); by, through, using, with
de2 ʤ6162 10q 65m character, virtue, merit, quality; fitness, power
63 f tu2 ɸ6531 31+11 HL plan (for), map (out), solve; strategize
nan2 ̅4625 02f 63h (a, the) complicated, difficult, hard, tedious
yu2 Č7643 08e 63g as, when, while (^ still)
qi2 ì0525 01h 63g it/this is; they/these are; one is; things are
yi4 Ď2952 02f 63i (still) easy, light, simple; in process; at ease
63 g wei2 ş7059 02a 63 l create, develop, effect, act on; attend, regard
da4 5943 13b 63j (the) great, vast, large, big, whole, important
yu2 Č7643 08e 63i as, when, while (^ still)
qi2 ì0525 01h 63m it/this is; they/these are; one is; things are
xi4 ǭ2467 120+5 63k (still) minute, little, small, detailed
63 h tian1 16361 01e 63j (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 63j below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
nan2 ̅4625 02f 63o (’s, the)(most) complicated, difficult, tedious
shi4 ä5787 02k 63j concern, endeavor, task, work (s) (in, of vv)
63 i bi4 b5109 30f 63k always, surely; must; (are) sure to; usually
zuo4 ¯6780 02m 63k appear, arise, begin, come to be, develop, start
yu2 Č7643 08e 63k amidst, as, from, in, out of, through, with, within
yi4 Ď2952 02f 63o ease, facility, simplicity; (a) change, process
63 j tian1 16361 01e 66 l (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 63 l below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
da4 5943 13b 63 l (’s, the) great, large (er, est), (most) important
shi4 ä5787 02k 64q concern, endeavor, matter, task, work (s)
63 k bi4 b5109 30f 63n always, surely; must; (are) sure to; usually
zuo4 ¯6780 02m F appear, arise, begin, come to be, develop, start
yu2 Č7643 08e 64e amidst, as, from, in, out of, through, with, within
xi4 ǭ2467 63g 67g minutiae, smallness, details, particulars, trifles
63 l shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 63p this is; (&) so it is; ^ this; ^
yi3 J2932 01h 63p how, why; that; applying v; } therefore, thus
sheng4 ɠ5753 02k 63p (a, the) perceptive, sagely, wise; ^ (a, the)
ren2 3097 02k 63p individual, one, person (s); people; } sage(s)
zhong1 ǯ1500 23b 63q complete, conclude(s); ^ ever; ^ 34i
bu4 5379 02d 64t without; (but) do(es)/will not; } (will) never “
wei2 ş7059 02a 64e act, adopt, assume, practice, presume (ing) (on)
da4 5943 13b 63m great, important(ance), success(ful) (ness)

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63m gu4 Ő3455 01g 63q (and) so; therefore, thus, hence; in this way 34j
neng2 ơ4648 07b 66a can; (is/are) able, competent, fit; capable of “
cheng2 ˜0379 02f 64q achieve, accomplish, fulfill, realize (ing) “
qi2 ì0525 01h 64a their, his, her, this, such “
da4 5943 13b 65p greatness, importance, success, completion “
63 n fu1 21908 02q 67c (the) one(s)/those who; now, as a rule
qing1 ʚ1156 26a 69j (a, the) easily, heed/reck(lessly), lightly made
nuo4 ˒4747 149+9 HL promise, pledge; avow(al); assent, consent (s)
bi4 b5109 30f 63o (is, are, will) always, surely (be); command(s)
gua3 ɽ3517 19j 80a (the) less, least, little; scarcely, rarely, seldom
xin4 ı2748 08i 81a belief, trust (ed); convincing; confidence
63 o duo1 ‹6416 05i 63o (so, too) much; lots/plenty of
yi4 Ď2952 02f 64a complacency, ease, indifference, laxity
bi4 b5109 30f 66e (is, are) always, surely; demands, entails
duo1 ‹6416 05i 65e (so, too) much/many; lots/plenty of
nan2 ̅4625 02f 63p complication, difficulty, struggle, trouble (s)
63 p shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 64o this is; (&) so it is; this; ^
yi3 J2932 01h 64o how, why; that; applying v; } therefore, thus
sheng4 ɠ5753 02k 64o (a, the) perceptive, sagely, wise; ^ (a, the)
ren2 3097 02k 64o individual, one, person (s); people; } sage(s)
you2 ȣ7528 05f 73f suspect, expect; look/watch (s) (out) for 73f
nan2 ̅4625 02f 63q (^) complicated, difficult, hard, troublesome “
zhi1 !0935 01e 64e things to be(come)/get v; outcomes, results “
63 q gu4 Ő3455 01g 64o (and) so; therefore, thus, hence; in this way “
zhong1 ǯ1500 23b 64r at/by/in/to/until (the) end; after all, throughout
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 64o has/have/will have no; avoid, escape (s)
nan2 ̅4625 02f 64u complication, difficulty, hardship, trouble (s)
yi3 Ô2938 31m 65n at all, indeed, period; completely, entirely
64 a qi2 ì0525 01h 64b what/that which is; something/things
an1 ”0026 15u 79c secure, settled, stable, calm, at rest, content
yi4 Ď2952 02f 64b (is/are) easy, simple; easily, simply
chi2 ō1035 09a 67i (to) (up)hold(up), sustain, maintain, control (ed)
64 b qi2 ì0525 01h 64c what/that which; something/things
wei4 e7114 20h 64e (is/has) not now/yet; still not, un-; yet to
zhao4 }0247 20 l F foreshadowed; give(n) (a) sign/portent; begin
yi4 Ď2952 02f 64c (is/are) easy, simple; easily, simply
mou2 ˑ4578 149+9 73j (to) plan, plot, strategize, arrange (ed) (for)

164
64 c qi2 ì0525 01h 64d what/that which is; something/things
cui4 Ơ6882 130+6 76c thin, crisp, fragile, delicate, frail, brittle
yi4 Ď2952 02f 64d (is/are) easy, simple; easily, simply
pan4 ̤4895 85+5 HL (to) break (up), disperse; melt, dissolve (ed)
64 d qi2 ì0525 01h 65e what/that which is; something/things
wei2 Ɍ7061 14f F subtle, minute, intricate, seminal, embryonic
yi4 Ď2952 02f 70a (is/are) easy, simple; easily, simply
san4 Ȗ5421 28s F (to) scatter, dis(perse, seminate, tribute) (ed)
64 e wei2 ş7059 02a 64m attend, create, develop, do, effect, make, regard
zhi1 !0935 01e 64f (to) (a) thing(s); something ^ it/this/they
yu2 Č7643 08e 64f as, when, while; ^
wei4 e7114 20h 64f not yet, still not, yet to; } before v (has/have)
you3 ›7533 01f 67h exist(s, ing); arise, grow (n); come(s) to be
64 f zhi4 ę1021 03g 65d control, direct, govern, manage, arrange, order
zhi1 !0935 01e 64g (for) (a) thing(s); something ^ it/this/they
yu2 Č7643 08e 64h as, when, while; ^
wei4 e7114 20h F not yet, still not, yet to; } before v (has/have)
luan4 Ƀ4220 03f F entangle(s, ed, ing); disorder, confuse (d)
64 g he2 ˆ2117 32f F ^^ (a, the) join(t, ed), united, shared, multiple
bao4 ċ4938 10a F ^^ embrace, arm span(s)
zhi1 !0935 01e 64i ^ that/which reaches, attains to, (ful)fills vv
mu4 ?4593 75+0 76c (a, the) tree (trunk) v
64 h sheng1 n5738 02e 72d (has) grow, (a)rise, spring, come (s, n) to be
yu2 Č7643 08e 64j as, from, out of, through, when, while, within
hao2 ǜ2066 82+7 HL (a) downy, tiny, minute, slender; hair-like
mo4 f4546 75+1 HL sprout, bud, tip
64 i jiu3 1198 5+1 HL (^)^ nine
ceng2 ʡ6772 44+12 HL (^)^ stories, levels, floors, tiers, layers, courses
zhi1 !0935 01e 64k ^ of; that/which reaches, attains to vv
tai2 ˱6016 20k F (a, the) (watch)tower, terrace, observatory v
64 j qi3 Ʃ0548 57k F (has) grow, (a)rise; begin (s, n); (is) built
yu2 Č7643 08e 64 l as, from, out of, through, when, while, within
lei3 Ǯ4221 120+5 HL (a, the) pile, heap, mound; basket, hod (ful)
tu3 6532 32+0 HL (of) earth, dirt, ground
64 k qian1 0906 24+1 HL ^^ (a, one) thousand; ^
li3 â3857 166+0 HL ^^ li (0.58 km, 0.36 mi); } 580 km, 360 miles
zhi1 !0935 01e 64m ^ of, for; as long as; that/which reaches vv
xing2 ª2754 02 l 69f (a, an, the) advance, course, journey, march v

165
64 l shi3 ú5772 01e 64r begins, commences, originates, starts (out)
yu2 Č7643 08e 64q as, from, out of, through, when, while, within
zu2 Þ6824 17e 77f (^) (a, one, the) foot(-); step; feet
xia4 2520 02a 66b fall; (put) down; below, beneath, under v
64m wei2 ş7059 02a 64o (^) (to) act, presume; interfere, meddle (s) 29e
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 64n one(s)/those who(ever); that which v; is/will “
bai4 Ǖ4866 29e 64o (to) ruin, spoil, harm, damage, corrupt (s) “
zhi1 !0935 01e 64n it, this; (some)thing(s); (the) outcome(s) “
64 n zhi2 ƽ0996 14r 64p (^) (to) grab, grasp, hold, keep, take (s) 29f
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 65a one(s)/those who(ever); that which v; is/will “
shi1 \5806 13f 64p (to) forgo, lose, relinquish; let (s) ^ go/slip “
zhi1 !0935 01e 64q it, this; (some)thing(s); (the) outcome(s) “
64 o shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 64t this is; (&) so it is; ^ this ^; ^
yi3 J2932 01h 64t why; that; for v reason; } therefore, hence
sheng4 ɠ5753 02k 64t (a, the) perceptive, sagely, wise; ^ (a, the)
ren2 3097 02k 64t individual, one, person (s); people; } sage(s)
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 64o do(es)/will not; never, rarely, seldom; no longer
wei2 ş7059 02a 64y act, assume, do, presume; interfere, meddle (s)
gu4 Ő3455 01g 64p (and) so; therefore, thus; as such, in this way
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 64p do(es)/will not; never, rarely, seldom; do no
bai4 Ǖ4866 29e 64q ruin, spoil, harm, damage, corrupt, injure (s)
64 p wu2 ȡ7180 01e 64p do(es)/will not; never, rarely, seldom; no longer
zhi2 ƽ0996 14r 69i grab, grasp, hold, keep, manage, retain, take (s)
gu4 Ő3455 01g 65f (and) so; therefore, thus; as such, in this way
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 64s do(es)/will not; never, rarely, seldom; no longer
shi1 \5806 13f 73 l forgo, lose, relinquish; let (s) ^ go/slip
64 q min2 i4508 03b 65b human(s) beings; masses, others, people
zhi1 !0935 01e 64q in/with/about/at their/such
cong2 NJ6919 21b F (at)tending to; following; (^) pursuit(s, of)
shi4 ä5787 02k 64s (&) affair, business, concern, effort, work (s)
chang2 DŽ0221 01b 65 l (are) always, ever, normally, usually, so often
yu2 Č7643 08e 69j at, facing, nearing, on, upon; ^ to
ji1 Ȍ0409 08e 69k the point/verge/brink of; close, near v
cheng2 ˜0379 02f 67o accomplish, achieve (ing, ment); completion
er2 £1756 01 l 64y and (then, still, yet); but, yet (still); then, when
bai4 Ǖ4866 29e 64s ruin, spoil, harm, damage, injure, wreck (ing)
zhi1 !0935 01e 64u it, this, them, things

166
64 r shen4 ɑ5734 61+10 HL (be/take) care(ful), caution(ious), heed(ful)
zhong1 ǯ1500 23b F at/in/to/until (the) end/finish/last; throughout
ru2 3137 05j F as well/the same as; (is) as good as, equal to
shi3 ú5772 01e F at/in/to the beginning, first, start, outset
64 s ze2 ķ6746 03o 67t (and) consequently, so, then, thus; in due order
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 69f (there is/are/will be) no; avoid; no longer
bai4 Ǖ4866 29e F ruin, spoil, harm, damage, corrupt (ed, ing)
shi4 ä5787 02k 70f affair, business, concern, endeavor, work (s)
64 t shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 65m this is; (&) so it is; ^ this; ^
yi3 J2932 01h 64x how, why; that; applying v; } therefore, thus
sheng4 ɠ5753 02k 66h (a, the) perceptive, sagely, wise; ^ (a, the)
ren2 3097 02k 64w individual, one, person (s); people; } sage(s)
yu4 ǚ7671 01g 64t desire, intend, long, want (s); is/are inclined
bu4 5379 02d 64u (to have) no; to be/do without; to avoid, lack
yu4 ǚ7671 01g 66d ambition, desire, hunger, longing, want (s)
64 u bu4 5379 02d 64v (&) do(es)/will not; avoid(s); refrain(s) from 03c
gui4 ȶ3636 03c 70j esteem, favor, prize, treasure, value (ing) “
nan2 ̅4625 02f 65d complicated, difficult, hard, troublesome “
de2 Lj6161 03c 74e to get, obtain, come by, find, acquire “
zhi1 !0935 01e 64w ^ that/which are vv “
huo4 Ǹ2398 03c F goods, items, commodities, products, things “
64 v xue2 ˂2780 20a 64v learn, study, train (s, ing)
bu4 5379 02d 64y (to) not (to); un-; (to do) without; to not be
xue2 ˂2780 20a F learn(ing); imitate; studied, learned
64 w fu4 ȍ1992 14 l 80j (&) come(s) back, return(s, ing) to; recover (s)
zhong4 Ǫ1517 01o F ^ all, the rest (of)(the); every ^ (else); ^ (the)
ren2 3097 02k 66h ^ others, people; v-body, -one (v); } crowd
zhi1 !0935 01e 64x ^ has, have (come to); will
suo3 Ĉ5465 07b 66a what/that/(a) place/position which vvv
guo4 ɴ3730 35f F miss, bypass, pass by/over, stray (ed) from
64 x yi3 J2932 01h 65b (&) accordingly, thereby, thus; in order to
fu3 ʙ1945 159+7 HL help, support, assist, guide, confirm (s, ing)
wan4 ɛ7030 01f 76c (a, the) myriad, ten thousand; all
wu4 Ĝ7209 01f 65o beings, creatures, entities, things; of creation
zhi1 !0935 01e 65a in/at/to/towards/with its/their
zi4 ¦6960 07c 72g inherent, natural, self-; own; ^ itself, themselves
ran2 Ȣ3072 17i 65p actualize, realize (ation, v); course, path, way (s)

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64 y er2 1756 01 l 66i and (still, yet); but, yet (still); (even) then, while
bu4
5379 02d 65h do(es)/will not; without; not, never, rarely
gan3 3229 03m 67 l attempt, dare, presume, venture (s, ing)
wei2 7059 02a 65a to (take) act(ion), manage; interfere, meddle
65 a gu3 3447 14r 68h (the/ones/those) ancients, of antiquity, old 15a
zhi1 0935 01e 65c ^ (who) had, possessed; having; became, were “
shan4 5657 02c 66b ^ skill, talent (ed) at/to; adept, good, skillful at “
wei2 7059 02a 66a ^ adopt, attend, develop, manifest, practice(ing “
dao4 6136 01a 67a ^ (the) way, path, road, course; principle, truth
zhe3 0263 01k 65j the/ones/those/people v who vvvv “
65 b fei1 1819 01b F did/would not, never; would ^it wrong, error
yi3 2932 01h 65c consider, mean, think; try; apply, use (it, this)
ming2 4534 10k F to awaken, brighten, enlighten, illuminate
min2 4508 03b 65d humanity; (the) multitude, others, people
65 c jiang1 0656 15m 67v (but) may/might/would (instead/rather) have
yi3 2932 01h 65e considered, meant, tried; applied, used it/this
yu2 7624 20q F to simplify, rusticate; keep/make^plain/simple
zhi1 0935 01e 65d some(one, body), them, (the) others, things
65 d min2 4508 03b 66d humanity; (the) multitude, others, people 75d
zhi1 0935 01e 65g ...’s; has, have; ^ of/about/in/for/with v “
nan2 4625 02f 73f complication, difficulty, problem, trouble (s) “
zhi4
1021 03g 65f in/with/of lead/rule(ership), govern(ment) (ing) “
65 e yi3 2932 01h 65f (is/are) because (of), due to; when, where 75e
qi2 0525 01h 66b its/their; it, they (is/are) “
zhi4 0933 03m 65f (^) cleverness, know(s, ledge); ^ clever, smart
duo1 6416 05i 75b (is) (too) much, great (v); so very v
65 f gu4 3455 01g 66c (and) so; therefore, thus, hence, consequently
yi3 2932 01h 65h (to) apply, employ, use, utilize, resort (ing) to
zhi4 0933 03m 65h cleverness, craft, knowledge, sophistication
zhi4
1021 03g 65h (in, to) direct, lead, govern, rule, manage (ing)
guo2 3738 10g 65g (a, the) country, domain(inion), realm, state (s)
65 g guo2 3738 10g 65h (is) (a, the) country, domain, land, realm, state
zhi1 0935 01e 65i ...’s; ^ of/for/to v
zei2 6752 19f F (a, an) injury, abuse, damage; thievery, theft
65 h bu4
5379 02d 66i (to) not, never; to avoid, do without
yi3 2932 01h 66a (to) apply, employ, use, utilize, resort (ing) to
zhi4 0933 03m F cleverness, craft, knowledge, sophistication
zhi4
1021 03g 75d (in, to) direct, lead, govern, rule, manage (ing)
guo2 3738 10g 65i (a, the) country, domain(inion), realm, state (s)

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65 i guo2 Ƹ3738 10g 78j (is) (a, the) country, domain, land, realm, state
zhi1 !0935 01e 66b ...’s; ^ of/for/to v
fu2 ʊ1978 58e F (a, an) blessing, favor, enrichment, gift, boon
65 j zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 65 l (^) (to) comprehend, know, understand (s, ing)
ci3 6972 01k 72k (^) these; ^ of these
liang3 ë3953 01k 73c (^) two; both v
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 66a one(s)/those who(ever) vvv; is, implies, means
65 k yi4 x3021 23m F also, further(more); actually, sufficiently, truly
ji1 ʮ0427 115+10 65 l study, search out, investigate, examine (s)
shi4 –5817 22h 65 l (a, the) system, model, pattern, paradigm (s)
65 l chang2 DŽ0221 01b 74c (&, of) constant(cy); invariable, principle (s)
zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 70a (&, to) comprehend, know, understand (s, ing)
ji1 ʮ0427 65k F (&, to) study, search out, investigate, examine
shi4 –5817 22h F (a, the, for) system, model, pattern, paradigm (s)
65m shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 66d (so)(it/this/such) is/may be; ^ this; this 10q
wei4 ˓7079 01m 67a called, styled, known as; call v; describes “
xuan2 k 2881 01m 65n (a, the) deep, mystic(erious), profound, subtle
de2 ʤ6162 10q 65n character, virtue, quality; nature; power
65 n xuan2 k2881 01m F (a, the) deep, mystic(erious), profound, subtle
de2 ʤ6162 10q 68e character, virtue, quality, nature; power
shen1 Ǣ5719 15c F ^ deep, profound, unfathomable, mysterious
yi3 Ô2938 31m 65n how, so (very); completely, truly v !; indeed !
yuan3 ʛ7734 25k 80e ^ distant, extensive, far reaching, remote
yi3 Ô2938 31m 65o & how, so (very); completely, truly v !; indeed !
65 o yu3 ʕ7615 08h 66n (^) (along) with; (as) to assist, help (s, ing)
wu4 Ĝ7209 01f 76c (^) entities, things; creation, existence, reality
fan3 01781 25 l 78n (in) come/turn back ^ around; reverse (s, ing)
yi3 Ô2938 31m 67f v completely, entirely; (of/by) itself v(vv)
65 p ran2 Ȣ3072 17i 73j it is; thus; nature(al, ly), real(ity, ly), true(th, ly)
hou4 Ņ2143 02j 66g (in) attend, follow, succeed (s, ing, ion); after this
nai3 4612 16n F that; (only) now, then; thereupon; before
zhi4 §0982 43a 72b (^ is/will be) attain, gain, reach (s, ed, ing)
da4 5943 13b 67a (a, the) grand, great, complete, overall, perfect
shun4 ɀ5935 181+3 HL harmony, accord, rapport, acceptance (v)

169
66 a jiang1 Ÿ0638 32n F ^ (the) (great) river, stream (s)
hai3 Ɠ2014 20w F ^ & sea, ocean (s)
suo3 Ĉ5465 07b 72a (a, the) reason; cause; what/that which
yi3 J2932 01h 66b that, why; where(by/with); (is) behind vv
neng2 ơ4648 07b 66c can; (are, being) (en)able(d), empowered, fit
wei2 ş7059 02a 66c (to) act, become, behave, function, serve as
bai3 ¡4976 05d 66c (^ of/to) all of the, (the) hundred
gu3 Û3483 06a 66c valleys’, channels’; watercourse/shed(s’)
wang2 F7037 16o 66c king, lord, ruler, sovereign; epitome (s)
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 68a is (this/thus):; this is vvvv; what is vvvv ?
66 b yi3 J2932 01h 66d by, through; because (of); according/due to
qi2 ì0525 01h 66m they are (so); their being (so); they
shan4 ȭ5657 02c 68a adept, apt, expert, good, skilled, well; excel at/in
xia4 2520 02a 66e (being) below, beneath, under; submitting
zhi1 !0935 01e 66e (to) them, things; (the) others
66 c gu4 Ő3455 01g 66n (and) so; therefore, thus; as such, in this way
neng2 ơ4648 07b 66n can; (are, being) (en)able(d), empowered, fit
wei2 ş7059 02a 67 l (to) act, become, behave, function, perform as
bai3 ¡4976 05d 80b (^ of/to) all of the, (the) hundred
gu3 Û3483 06a F valleys’, channels’; water-course/shed(s’)
wang2 F7037 16o 78m king, lord, ruler, sovereign; epitome (s)
66 d shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 66h this is; (&) so it is; ^ this; ^
yi3 J2932 01h 66e why; that; applying v; } therefore, hence
yu4 ǚ7671 01g 66f (in/when) desire, intend, long, want, wish (ing)
shang4 5669 08a 66h to be/rise/stand above/over; be superior to
min2 i4508 03b 66f humanity; (the) multitude, others, people
66 e bi4 b5109 30f 66g always; demands, entails, means, requires
yi3 J2932 01h 66g by, in, through, with; consider, regard, use ^ as
yan2 Ú7334 02 l 69a expression, speech, words; speak, talk (ing)
xia4 2520 02a 66 l (be/ing) humble, subordinate; below, beneath
zhi1 !0935 01e 66g (about/to/towards/with) (the) others, them
66 f yu4 ǚ7671 01g 77o (in/when) desire, intend, long, want, wish (ing)
xian1 ~2702 04 l 67 l to advance, lead, precede, go before/ahead of
min2 i4508 03b 66i humanity; (the) multitude, others, people
66 g bi4 b5109 30f 79b always; demands, entails, means, requires
yi3 J2932 01h 66h by, in, through, with; consider, regard, use ^ as
shen1 ß5718 07e F (your) being, body, life(time), person, self
hou4 Ņ2143 02j 67r (be/ing) subsequent, behind, after; following
zhi1 !0935 01e 66n (to) (the) others, them

170
66 h shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 66 l this is; (&) so it is; ^ this ^; ^
yi3 J2932 01h 66 l how; that; in v way; } therefore, hence
sheng4 ɠ5753 02k 70k (a, the) perceptive, sagely, wise; ^ (a, the)
ren2 3097 02k 68d individual, one, person (s); people; } sage(s)
chu3 dz1407 02k 66j continue, remain, settle, stay; dwell, abide (s)
shang4 5669 08a 71a above, elevated, on top, superior, uplifted
66 i er2 £1756 01 l 66k and (still, yet); but, yet (still); although, while
min2 i4508 03b 66k humanity; (the) multitude, others, people
bu4 5379 02d 66k is/are not/never/seldom/rarely; will not be
zhong4 Ŵ1509 26a 80d burdened, oppressed, weigh(t)ed down
66 j chu3 dz1407 02k 76i continue, remain, stay, keep, go (s) (on)
qian2 Ķ0919 02j F ahead, before, advanced, to the fore, in front
66 k er2 £1756 01 l 66 l and (still, yet); but, yet (still); although, while
min2 i4508 03b 72a humanity; (the) multitude, others, people
bu4 5379 02d 66 l is/are not/never/seldom/rarely; will not be
hai4 ƅ2015 35c 73b obstructed, hindered; aggrieved, injured
66 l shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 68e this is; (&) so it is; ^ this; ^
yi3 J2932 01h 66m how, why; that; with v; } therefore, hence
tian1 16361 01e 66n (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ (in) nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 66n below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
le4 ʩ4129 23m 80o eagerly, gladly, happily, readily, willingly
tui1 Ǒ6564 64+8 HL come/push/crowd (s) forward; inquires
er2 £1756 01 l 67i and (still, yet); but, yet (still); although, while
bu4 5379 02d 66m does/will not/never; (is) never, seldom, rarely
yan4 ɷ7387 53k 72d tire, (grow) weary (s, ed, ing); too much, sated
66m yi3 J2932 01h 67t (inasmuch, insofar) (it is) as, because, since
qi2 ì0525 01h 67g they, (such a) one, (such as) these
bu4 5379 02d 67b do(es)/will not; never, seldom, rarely; avoid 08m
zheng1 ě0365 03b 66n conflict, contend(tion); argue, dispute, strive “
66 n gu4 Ő3455 01g 67d that, so, therefore, thus, accordingly 22r
tian1 16361 01e 67a (in/of)(all) heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the) “
xia4 2520 02a 67a below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom “
mo4 Dz4557 09f 69j (there is) nobody; no/not onevv(who) “
neng2 ơ4648 07b 67m can; (is, are) able, enabled, competent, fit to “
yu3 ʕ7615 08h 68c ^ (along) with; against; with ^ help “
zhi1 !0935 01e 67i ^ them, this; v one’s, their v “
zheng1 ě0365 03b 68e to argue, conflict, contend, dispute, strive v “

171
67 a tian1 16361 01e 67 l ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 67 l below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
jie1 ţ0620 02a F all, everybody, everyone (in) vv
wei4 ˓7079 01m 68e admits, calls, (ex, pro)claims, deems, says
wo3 Å4778 17i 67h my, our
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 73g way, path, course; principle, truth, doctrine
da4 5943 13b 67c (is) great, important, significant, noteworthy
67 b si4 ®5593 04d 67d (&) like, as if/though; resemble (s, ing); similar
bu4 5379 02d 67d lacking, without, (with/has/having) to no(-)thing
xiao4 Ö2606 130+3 67d else; likeness, equal; like this, similar
67 c fu1 21908 02q 67i now, then (it is) ^ as; ^ when; ^ it is
wei2 Ʒ7064 02q 70g inasmuch, insofar v; only v; because v
da4 5943 13b 69j great, important, significant, noteworthy
67 d gu4 Ő3455 01g 67m that, so, therefore, thus, accordingly (it) (is)
si4 ®5593 04d F like, as if/though; resembles, similar to
bu4 5379 02d 67 l lacking, without, (with/has/having) no(-)thing
xiao4 Ö2606 67b 67e else; likeness, equal; like this, similar; to compare
67 e ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 69 l if there was/were; were there; if (it) had; had (it)
xiao4 Ö2606 67b F (a) likeness; similarities; (an) equal/other
67 f jiu3 1188 07a F ^ (after) (so) long (a)(while, time); all this time
yi3 Ô2938 31m 67s at least, certainly, especially, plainly, surely v
67 g qi2 ì0525 01h 71f it/this would/might have
xi4 ǭ2467 63g F shrunk, waned, diminished, dwindled, abated
ye3 7312 03m 76a at all, a little,* some [word play on xiao, small]
67 h fu1 21908 02q 67t (^^) now, then, here; these, the following
wo3 Å4778 17i 70h I, we
you3 ›7533 01f 69a claim, have, hold, keep, possess; have found (v)
san1
5415 11a 67 l three
bao3 ̆4956 62b 69k treasures, gems, jewels, prizes, precious things
67 i chi2 ō1035 09a F accept, grasp, take; hold, keep, maintain
er2 £1756 01 l 69c and (then); then
bao3 ij4946 09d F guard, protect, preserve, secure; keep ^ safe
zhi1 !0935 01e 67v them, these
67 j yi1
3016 10a F (the) first; one
yue1 >7694 14b 67k (is, may be) call, designate, name, term, call (ed)
ci2 Ɏ6965 18f 67m compassion, mercy, kindness, forbearance
67 k er4 1751 42b F (the) second, next; another
yue1 >7694 14b 67 l (is, may be) call, designate, name, term, call (ed)
jian3 ʟ0848 9+13 67n economy, thrift, frugality, restraint

172
67 l san1
5415 11a F (&) (a, the) third
yue1 >7694 14b F (is, may be) call, designate, name, term, call (ed)
bu4 5379 02d 67o not, never; to avoid, do without, refrain from
gan3 ȕ3229 03m 67o (to) dare, presume, undertake, venture (ing)
wei2 ş7059 02a 67o to act, behave, function, perform, serve as
tian1 16361 01e 67o (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ (in) nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 67o below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
xian1 ~2702 04 l 67o (’s) first, leader, precedent (in/of/to vv)
67m ci2 Ɏ6965 18f 67p compassion, mercy, kindness, forbearance
gu4 Ő3455 01g 67n come before, lead to, precede; confer, give (s)
neng2 ơ4648 07b 67n (a, the) ability, capacity, fitness, power of/for
yong3 ĸ7571 19+7 67p adventure, boldness, bravery, courage, valor
67 n jian3 ʟ0848 67k 67q economy, thrift, frugality, restraint
gu4 Ő3455 01g 67o come before, lead to, precede; confer, give (s)
neng2 ơ4648 07b 67o (a, the) ability, capacity, fitness, power of/for
guang3 ʣ3590 41n 67q breadth, capacity, extension, expansiveness
67 o bu4 5379 02d 68a (to) not, never; (to) avoid, do (ing) without
gan3 ȕ3229 03m 69b (to) dare, presume, undertake, venture (ing)
wei2 ş7059 02a 68a to act, behave, function, perform, serve as
tian1 16361 01e 67v (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ (in) nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 68d below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
xian1 ~2702 04 l 67r (’s) first, leader, precedent (in/of/to vv)
gu4 Ő3455 01g 69 l come before, lead to, precede; confer, give (s)
neng2 ơ4648 07b 70c (a, the) ability, capacity, fitness, power of/for
cheng2 ˜0379 02f 77n (to) achieve, develop, perfect, realize (ing)
qi4 ˁ0549 11c 80b (^) ability, capacity, function, skill, talent (s)
chang2 ī0213 02g F (that/which) endure, grow, last, persist (ing v)
67 p jin1 &1053 14s F (to) now, today, at this time; to right away
she3 Ħ5699 135+2 67q (to) put/set aside; give up; dismiss, forsake
ci2 Ɏ6965 18f 67t compassion, mercy, kindness, forbearance
qie3 G0803 07b 67q and still/yet be; (in order) to be (more)
yong3 ĸ7571 67m 73a adventurous, brave, courageous, valorous
67 q she3 Ħ5699 67p 67r (to) put/set aside; give up; dismiss, forsake
jian3 ʟ0848 67k F economy, thrift, frugality, restraint
qie3 G0803 07b 67r and still/yet be; (in order) to be (more)
guang3 ʣ3590 41n F broad, capacious, extensive, expansive, ample
67 r she3 Ħ5699 67p F (to) put/set aside; give up; dismiss, forsake
hou4 Ņ2143 02j F following, succeeding, trailing, coming after
qie3 G0803 07b F and still/yet be; (in order) to be (more)
xian1 ~2702 04 l F first, leader, precedent; ahead, advanced
173
67 s si3 ž5589 06a 74a (is) ^ deadly, fatal; death; inanimate, stupid
yi3 Ô2938 31m 69m at least, certainly, especially, really, truly v
67 t fu1 21908 02q 70g now; this; moreover, furthermore; as a rule
ci2 Ɏ6965 18f 67w compassion, mercy, kindness, forbearance
yi3 J2932 01h 67u applied to; used, utilized, (de, em)ployed in
zhan4 ˃0147 31u 68b combat; (a) war(fare), battle, contest, fight (s)
ze2 ķ6746 03o 67u becomes, leads to, means, precedes, results in
sheng4 Ȅ5754 31j 68c conquest, mastery, success, triumph, victory
67 u yi3 J2932 01h 67w applied to; used, utilized, (de, em)ployed in
shou3 “5844 05j F defense, fortification, protection; guarding
ze2 ķ6746 03o 70j becomes, leads to, means, precedes, results in
gu4 ö3450 36b F assurance, certainty, security, soundness
67 v tian1 16361 01e 68g (^) heaven, (the) sky, celestial
jiang1 ǃ0656 15m F (^) would; when v is about/going/ready to
jiu4 Ǔ1193 27i F (^) aid, help, deliver, rescue, save, redeem (s)
zhi1 !0935 01e 67w one(s)/those who(m); some(body, one, thing)
67 w yi3 J2932 01h 70h by (way/means of), through, using, with
ci2 Ɏ6965 18f F compassion, mercy, kindness, forbearance
wei4 ʲ7089 144+10 HL ^ protects, shields, defends, guards, shelters
zhi1 !0935 01e 68d it vit/them/these v
68 a shan4 ȭ5657 02c 68b ^ adept, best, competent, good, skilled at/in
wei2 ş7059 02a 68d ^ action; accomplish, achieve, manage (ment)
shi4 5776 41a F (a, the) student, disciple, adherent; officer (s)
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 68b (one(s)/those) who(ever) is/are vv
bu4 5379 02d 68b (is/are/do(es)/will) not, rarely (become)(s)
wu3 Ĕ7195 77+4 HL aggressive, violent, belligerent, combative
68 b shan4 ȭ5657 02c 68c ^ adept, best, competent, good, skilled at/in
zhan4 ˃0147 31u F ^ combat, war(fare), battle, fighting, contests
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 68c (one(s)/the/hose) who(ever) is/are vv
bu4 5379 02d 68c (is/are/do(es)/will) not, rarely (become)(s)
nu4 ņ4758 61+5 HL angry, enraged, wrathful, indignant, resentful
68 c shan4 ȭ5657 02c 68d ^ adept, best, competent, good, skilled at/in
sheng4 Ȅ5754 31j 69m ^ best, conquer, overcome, subdue (ing)
di2 ʧ6221 66+11 69h ^ opponents, rivals, competitors, antagonists
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 68d (one(s)/those) who(ever) is/are vv
bu4 5379 02d 68e do(es)/will not, never, rarely; has/have no
yu3 ʕ7615 08h 77b participate, cooperate, join (s) in; counterpart

174
68 d shan4 ȭ5657 02c 73g ^ adept, best, competent, good, skilled at/in
yong4 o7567 04a 68f ^ employ, use, utilize (ing); putting ^ to use
ren2 3097 02k 68f ^ other(s) people; another, human beings
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 69m (one(s)/those) who(ever) is/are vv
wei2 ş7059 02a 69b act, behave, function, perform, serve (s) as
zhi1 !0935 01e 68e their; (an-, the) other’s/others’
xia4 2520 02a 70c inferior, subject, subordinate, underling (s)
68 e shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 68f it/this/such is/may be; ^ this; this
wei4 ˓7079 01m 68f called, styled, known as; call v; describes
bu4 5379 02d 69b (^) not, never, seldom, rarely; no, non-; avoiding
zheng1 ě0365 03b 73g (^) contend(tion), contest, strive, struggle (ing)
zhi1 !0935 01e 68f ...’s; ^ of/about/in/to vv
de2 ʤ6162 10q 79f (the) character, virtue, merit; nature; power
68 f shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 68g it/this/such is/may be; ^ this; this
wei4 ˓7079 01m 68g called, styled, known as; call v; describes
yong4 o7567 04a 69a (to) apply, direct, employ, use, utilize (ing)
ren2 3097 02k 70k other(s) people; another, human beings
zhi1 !0935 01e 68h ...s’; ...’s; ^ of/in/within v
li4 3920 33c F (the) power, strength, force, energy, muscle(s)
68 g shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 69f it/this/such is/may be; ^ this; this
wei4 ˓7079 01m 69f called, styled, known as; call v; describes
pei4 ƭ5019 164+3 HL (a, the) (^) worthy, peer; ally/side (ing)
tian1 16361 01e 70c (of/with) heaven(’s, ly); sky(’s); celestial
68 h gu3 T3447 14r F (the) ancients, old ones/times; antiquity
zhi1 !0935 01e 73d ...’s; (the) ^ of/for/to v
ji2 ɕ0484 16a F attainment, goal, optimum, consummation
69 a yong4 o7567 04a 80c ^ practice(itioners), strategists; ^ -ists
bing1 ³5282 30b 69i martial, military, weapons v; militar- v
you3 ›7533 01f 70e have, hold, keep, maintain, remember (s) (a, the)
yan2 Ú7334 02 l 70a adage, dictum, idea, maxim, proverb, saying:
69 b wu2 µ7188 04k 69k I, we
bu4 5379 02d 69d do/will not, never, rarely, seldom
gan3 ȕ3229 03m 69d attempt, dare, presume, undertake, venture
wei2 ş7059 02a 69c to act, behave, function, perform, serve as
zhu3 H1336 26g 78k (a, the) host; leader, lord, master, superior
69 c er2 £1756 01 l 69e and, but (merely, only, simply; instead, rather)
wei2 ş7059 02a 74d act, behave, function, perform, serve as
ke4 ł3324 15k F (a, the) guest, stranger, visitor, newcomer

175
69 d bu4 5379 02d 70h do/will not, never, rarely, seldom
gan3 ȕ3229 03m 73a attempt, dare, presume, undertake, venture
jin4 ȹ1091 41j F to advance; move/push/press forward/ahead
cun4 6892 41+0 HL a cun; an inch (in the Zhou dynasty, 2.25 cm)
69 e er2 £1756 01 l 73g and, but (merely, only, simply; instead, rather)
tui4 Ƭ6568 09i F retreat, withdraw, yield; move/pull/step back
chi3 71045 44+1 HL a chi; a foot (in the Zhou, 22.5 cm, now 35.8)
69 f shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 70h it/this/such is/may be; ^ this; this
wei4 ˓7079 01m 74i called, styled, known as; call v; describes
xing2 ª2754 02 l 69f (to) move, progress, take steps, proceed (ing)
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 69g without; with no; with (the) least/minimum
xing2 ª2754 02 l 70b movement, progress, steps, procedure
69 g rang3 ̇3079 38j F (to) seize, take; bare arms, roll up sleeves
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 69h without, with no; ^ no [this may be a pun
bi4 ˠ5107 38j F (baring/bearing) arms in both languages]
69 h reng1 c3122 38j F (to) cast/throw down, overthrow, depose
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 69i without, with no; with (the) least/minimum
di2 ʧ6221 68c 69j antagonism, opposition, enmity; (a) fight(ing)
69 i zhi2 ƽ0996 14r 74e (to) arrest, capture, detain, hold, seize (ing)
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 70g without, with no; with (the) least/minimum
bing1 ³5282 30b 69 l arms, armament, weapon(s, ry); assault; force
69 j huo4 ʋ2399 46f F ^ calamity, danger, horror, error, mistake
mo4 Dz4557 09f 70c (there is) no; not any/one v
da4 5943 13b 72b (is ^, more) great, complete, critical, crucial ^
yu2 Č7643 08e 73a than; as v as
qing1 ʚ1156 26a 69k (to) under(estimate/rate)(lightly) (ing); dismiss
di2 ʧ6221 68c 69k (a, an, the) opponent, rival, foe, antagonist (s)
69 k qing1 ʚ1156 26a 75g (to) under(estimate/rate)(lightly) (ing); dismiss
di2 ʧ6221 68c F (a, an, the) opponent, rival, foe, antagonist (s)
ji1 Ȍ0409 08e F (is) (to) come close to; almost, nearly; risk
sang4 Ȇ5429 31r F lose, forfeit, forgo, surrender, destroy (ing)
wu2 µ7188 04k 70a my, our ^ I, we ^
bao3 ̆4956 62b F treasures, gems; what v prize, treasure, value*
69 l gu4 Ő3455 01g 72k (and) so; therefore, thus, hence, consequently
kang4 Æ3276 64+4 HL (when) oppose, contend (ing), rival, matched
bing1 ³5282 30b 76g armies, forces, soldiers, troops, warriors
xiang1 ť2562 02e 80p ^ each other, one another
ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 74c equal, are equal to; are [each other’s] equals v

176
69m ai1 Ļ0003 31t F (^)(the) sympathetic, compassionate, responsive
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 70i one(s) is/are/will (^) be; whoever is v is/will
sheng4 Ȅ5754 31j 73g (^) victor; overcome, succeed, triumph, win
yi3 Ô2938 31m 74k certainly, indeed, really, surely, truly (be) vv
70 a wu2 µ7188 04k 74e my, our
yan2 Ú7334 02 l 70e expression, idea, opinion, statement, word (s)
shen4 Š5724 21k 70b (are) (so) exceedingly, extremely, quite, very
yi4 Ď2952 02f 70b easy, natural, plain, simple, uncomplicated
zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 70c to comprehend, grasp, know, understand
70 b shen4 Š5724 21k F (&) (so) exceedingly, extremely, quite, very
yi4 Ď2952 02f 78d easy, natural, plain, simple, uncomplicated
xing2 ª2754 02 l 70d to apply, carry out, develop, enact, practice
70 c tian1 16361 01e 73d ^ (in/of all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 76i ^ below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
mo4 Dz4557 09f 70d (but, yet) nobody, none, nothing; not one vv
neng2 ơ4648 07b 70d can; (is/are) (cap)able, competent of/to
zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 70g comprehend, grasp, know, understand (ing)
70 d mo4 Dz4557 09f 78a (but, yet) nobody, none, nothing; not one 78h
neng2 ơ4648 07b 77k can; (is, are) (cap)able, competent of/to “
xing2 ª2754 02 l 78h apply, develop, do, practice (ing) (it/this) “
70 e yan2 Ú7334 02 l 73h (the)(se) expression, idea, statement, word (s)
you3 ›7533 01f 70f have, possess; assume, presume, presuppose
zong1 ý6896 04d F (a, an) lineage, ancestor(try), geneology (s)
70 f shi4 ä5787 02k F (as) affairs, efforts, endeavors, events, works
you3 ›7533 01f 74g have, possess; assume, presume, presuppose
jun1 ¶1715 26b F (a) leader(ship), master(y), sovereign(ty)
70 g fu1 21908 02q 71c now, then (it is) ^ as; ^ when; ^ (it is)
wei2 Ʒ7064 02q 71c inasmuch, insofar v; only v; } because
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 72c this/these is/are un-, not/(so) little/rarely
zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 70h comprehended, grasped, known, understood
70 h shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 70k this is; so it is; there-; ^
yi3 J2932 01h 70k how, why; that; -for(e); } that (therefore)
bu4 5379 02d 71a ^ am/are not/(so) little/rarely; will not be
wo3 Å4778 17i 70i I, we v
zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 70i comprehended, grasped, known, understood
70 i zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 71a ^ comprehend, grasp, know, understand
wo3 Å4778 17i 70j ^ me, us
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 70j (& as) (the) one(s)/those who vv is/are
xi1 À2416 14d 74k few, infrequent, rare, scarce, uncommon

177
70 j ze2 6746 03o 72b accordingly, so, then, therefore, thus; as a result
wo3 4778 17i F I, we
zhe3 0263 01k 73c am/are (the one)(s) (who is/are)(of)
gui4 3636 03c 72j esteemed, prized, respected, valued; value
70 k shi4 5794 02k 71d this is; (&) so it is; ^ this ^; ^
yi3 2932 01h 71d why; that in v way; } therefore, hence
sheng4 5753 02k 71e (a, the) perceptive, sagely, wise; ^ (a, the)
ren2
3097 02k 71e individual, one, person (s); people; } sage(s)
bei4 4999 50j F wear, don, sport (s); is/are seen in (pron. pi)
he2 2125 145+9 HL coarse/common/sack cloth(ing); homespun
70 l huai2 !2233 61+16 HL (&) carry, conceal, hide (ing) ^ in the heart;
yu4 7666 09e F (v) (the) jade; gem(stone), jewel (s) (v)
71 a zhi1 0932 02a 71a to comprehend, grasp, know, understand
bu4 5379 02d 71b (to) not (to); un-; (to do) without; to not be
zhi1 0932 02a 71b grasp, know(ledge), understand (ing)
shang4 5669 08a 75b (is) (the) best, highest, superior, supreme
71 b bu4 5379 02d 71d (to) not (to); (to do) without; to mis-, fail to
zhi1 0932 02a 71b comprehend, grasp, know, understand
zhi1 0932 02a 72g comprehension, knowledge, understanding
bing4 5288 44c 71c (is)(a) affliction, illness, disease, flaw, disorder*
71 c fu1 1908 02q 72e now, then (it is) ^ as; ^ when; ^ (it is)
wei2 7064 02q 72e inasmuch, insofar v; only v; } because
bing4 5288 44c 71c affliction, illness, disease, flaw, disorder (s)
bing4 5288 44c 71d afflict, make ill, (are) disease, flaw, disorder (s)
71 d shi4 5794 02k 71g this is; ^ this ^; that ^ there is 71g
yi3 2932 01h 71f how, (a, the) way; by v means; that, thus v “
bu4 5379 02d 71e (to) avoid; escape from; be (ing) free from/of “
bing4 5288 44c 71e (such) affliction, illness, disease, flaw, disorder “
71 e sheng4 5753 02k 72g (a, the) perceptive, sagely, wise; ^ (a, the)
ren2
3097 02k 72g individual, one, person (s); people; } sage(s)
bu4 5379 02d 71g avoid, escape (s); is/are free of; will not have
bing4 5288 44c 71f affliction, illness, disease, flaw, disorder (s)
71 f yi3 2932 01h 71g because, insofar as, since (^^ by, with, through)
qi2 0525 01h 72c they are; one/he/she is
bing4 5288 44c 71f afflicted, (made) diseased, ill; sick(ened)
bing4 5288 44c 71g (by) affliction. disease, distress, illness (s)
71 g shi4 5794 02k 72f (&) this is; so it is; ^ this ^; ^ 71d
yi3 2932 01h 72f how, why; that; in v way; } therefore, thus “
bu4 5379 02d 72a (^) (is/are, to) avoid (ed); do(es) not occur “
bing4 5288 44c F affliction, disease, disorder, ill-/sick-ness (s)(v) “
178
72 a min2 4508 03b 74a (if, when, where) (the) citizens, others, people
bu4 5379 02d 72e is/are not; do(es)/will not; has/have no; ^-less
wei4 7069 15i 74a awed by, afraid, fearful; dread, fear, heed (of)
wei1 7051 38+6 72b majesty, severity; (the) fearsome, imposing
72 b ze2 6746 03o 73a then, usually; in due order; it follows that
da4 5943 13b 74i (a, the) great(er); major, significant, mighty
wei1 7051 72a F majesty, severity, fearsomeness, imposition (s)
zhi4 0982 43a 80r approach, arrive; come(s) to pass, be (realized)
72 c wu2 7180 01e 72d avoid, do not, never; do nothing to
xia2 2532 94+7 HL narrow, restrict, constrict, cramp, crowd (ing)
qi2 0525 01h 72d their, someone’s; ^ they, someone
suo3 5465 07b 72d ^ places; (the) place, situation (s) where v
ju1 1535 02p 80n dwelling v; dwell, inhabit, live, reside
72 d wu2 7180 01e 75j avoid, do not, never; do nothing to
yan4 7387 53k 72e overtax, burden, oppress; surfeit, weary (ing)
qi2 0525 01h 72e their. someone’s; (the) ^ their, someone’s
suo3 5465 07b 73d ^ -hoods; where-; reasons; ways/means of (v)
sheng1 5738 02e 75h liveli- v; -withal; existence, (for) living
72 e fu1 1908 02q 74h (it is) ^ as one/you; ^ when; ^ because
wei2 7064 02q 75j inasmuch, insofar v; only v; } one/you
bu4 5379 02d 72f there is no; do not; avoid, refrain (s) from
yan4 7387 53k 72f overtax, oppress, weary; burden, surfeit (ing)
72 f shi4 5794 02k 72g this is; so it is; this; ^ there (is) ^
yi3 2932 01h 72g how, why; that; means; that (v)(then, therefore)
bu4 5379 02d 72h there/they is/are/will be no/free(dom) from/of
yan4 7387 53k F oppression, weariness; (over)burden, surfeit
72 g shi4 5794 02k 73f this is; (&) so it is; ^ this; ^
yi3 2932 01h 73f how, why; that; applying v; } therefore, thus
sheng4 5753 02k 73f (a, the) perceptive, sagely, wise; ^ (a, the)
ren2
3097 02k 73f individual, one, person (s); people; } sage(s)
zi4
6960 07c 72h ^ themselves/him/herself; their own nature(s)
zhi1 0932 02a 73e comprehend, know, perceive, understand
72 h bu4 5379 02d 72j without, with no; but not; but do(es)/will not
zi4
6960 07c 72i self-; ^ themselves, their own
jian4 0860 03e 77o conscious(ness, ly); display, see, watch (ing) v
72 i zi4
6960 07c 72j ^ themselves/him/herself; their own nature(s)
ai4 0009 10g F love, cherish, care for, take delight in v
72 j bu4 5379 02d 73b without, with no; but do(es)/will not
zi4
6960 07c 73i self-; ^ themselves, their own
gui4 3636 03c 75k exalt, glorify(ication), venerate(ion) (ing) v
179
 zi4 ¦6960 07c 73i self-; ^ themselves, their own
gui4 ȶ3636 03c 75k exalt, glorify(ication), venerate(ion) (ing) v
72 k gu4 Ő3455 01g 73e (and) so; therefore, thus, hence; in this way 12j
qu4 R1594 02r F dismiss, leave, let go of, put away, quit (ing) “
bi3 ą5093 12j F that, those; the other; there and then (&/to) “
qu3 î1615 12j F accept, choose, grasp, pick up, seek (ing) “
ci3 6972 01k 73c this, This, these; here and now “
73 a yong3 ĸ7571 67m 73b adventure, boldness, bravery, courage, valor
yu2 Č7643 08e 73b as, in, atop, on top of; (along, combined) with
gan3 ȕ3229 03m 73b audacity, boldness, daring, presumption
ze2 ķ6746 03o 73b (may) become, entail, imply, lead to, suggest (s)
sha1 Ǜ5615 31k 74e death, dying; loss of life; killing, slaughter
73 b yong3 ĸ7571 67m F adventure, boldness, bravery, courage, valor
yu2 Č7643 08e 75k as, in, atop, on top of; (along, combined) with; to
bu4 5379 02d 73g not; do without, avoid, drop, refrain (ing) from
gan3 ȕ3229 03m 74f audacity, boldness, daring, presumption
ze2 ķ6746 03o 76g (may) become, entail, imply, lead to, suggest (s)
huo2 Ş2401 85+6 HL life, liv(ing, liness); increase of life; survival(ing)
73 c ci3 6972 01k F (but, yet) these; ^ of these
liang3 ë3953 01k F two; both, either v
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 74d is/are/may/might/will (^) be; ^ imply, suggest
huo4 ć2402 04b 73c (may/might) at times, perhaps, sometimes (v)
li4 ´3867 08b 81j (the) beneficial, gainful, rewarding, worthwhile
huo4 ć2402 04b F (&) at times, perhaps, sometimes, other times
hai4 ƅ2015 35c 81j (the) harmful, injurious, destructive, damaging
73 d tian1 16361 01e 73g ^ heaven, (the) sky, celestial
zhi1 !0935 01e 73f ^ has; holds; (has) come(s) to
suo3 Ĉ5465 07b 80g (of) what(so)(ever), that/ways which vv
e4 ȏ4809 02b F in contempt, disdain; spurn, condemn (s, ed)
73 e shu2 ƿ5893 15t 74f who; what/how much is
zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 78g comprehend(ed), know(n); understand(ood) (s)
qi2 ì0525 01h 74k (about, as to, of) its, such, the, these
gu4 Ő3455 01g 76e causes, reasons, precedents, prior conditions?
73 f shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 74i this is; (&) so it is; ^ this ^; ^
yi3 J2932 01h 74b why; that; for v reason; } therefore, hence
sheng4 ɠ5753 02k 77m (a, the) perceptive, sagely, wise; ^ (a, the)
ren2 3097 02k 76a individual, one, person (s); people; } sage(s)
you2 ȣ7528 05f 77b suspect, expect; look/watch (s) (out) for 63p
nan2 ̅4625 02f 75d (^) complicated, difficult, hard, troublesome “
zhi1 !0935 01e 73g things to be(come)/get v; outcomes, results “
180
73 g tian1 16361 01e 73k (the) heaven, sky, celest-
zhi1 !0935 01e 74b ...’s; -ly, -ial; ^ of/about/with v
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 77a (the) way, path, course; process, truth; nature
bu4 5379 02d 73h does/will not, never, hardly, rarely, seldom
zheng1 ě0365 03b 81k compete, contend, strive, struggle, vie (s)
er2 £1756 01 l 73h and (still, yet); but, yet (still); although (will)
shan4 ȭ5657 02c 73h skillfully; is adept/apt/(the) best/great/skilled
sheng4 Ȅ5754 31j 76g in/at conquer, overcome, succeed, win (s, ing)
73 h bu4 5379 02d 73i does/will not, never, hardly, rarely, seldom
yan2 Ú7334 02 l 78n advise, discuss, speak, talk, verbalize (s)
er2 £1756 01 l 73i and (still, yet); but, yet (still); although (will)
shan4 ȭ5657 02c 73j skillfully; is adept/apt/(the) best/great/skilled
ying4 ˚7477 38i F (at/in) reply, answer, respond, relate (s, ing)
73 i bu4 5379 02d 73 l is/does/will not, never, hardly, rarely, seldom
zhao4 V0234 30+2 HL call, summon, invite, invoke, convoke (s, ed)
er2 £1756 01 l 73j and (still, yet); but, yet (still); although (will)
zi4 ¦6960 07c F naturally, spontaneously; (^) by/from/of itself
lai2 è3768 9+6 80s come(s); encourage, draw, attract (s, ed) (v)
73 j chan2 ˝5650 113+12 HL (is) abstracted/aloof/detached from; above
ran2 Ȣ3072 17i 77i it all; all of this; what is (so); nature, reality
er2 £1756 01 l 73 l and (still, yet); but, yet (still); although (will)
shan4 ȭ5657 02c 79c skillfully; is adept/apt/(the) best/great/skilled
mou2 ˑ4578 64b F at/in plan, arrange, devise, strategize (s, ing)*
73 k tian1 16361 01e 77a heaven, (the) sky, celestial
wang3 ʐ7047 120+8 HL (’s) (the) web, net(work), seine (of v)
hui1 ʼn2307 61+6 73k (is) vast, extensive, embracing, immense, wide
hui1 ʼn2307 73k F (&) immense, liberal, encomapassing, wide
73 l shu1 Ǩ5861 56k F loose/wide/coarse/spread out (in, ly) mesh(ed)
er2 £1756 01 l 74d and (still, yet); but, yet (still); although, while
bu4 5379 02d 74a (there is/will be) nothing; no; little, none
shi1 \5806 13f F (is) lost, missed; slip(s) away; loss; escape(s)
74 a min2 i4508 03b 74c (if, when, where) (the) citizens, others, people
bu4 5379 02d 74k is/are/do(es) not, never; no longer; have no
wei4 š7069 15i 74c (a, the) fear, heed, respect, (s, of/for); awed by
si3 ž5589 06a 74b death, dying, mortality, passing, perishing

181
74 b nai4 ù4615 26g F (if, when, where) (^) then, now; so
he2 ¬2109 13c F how, why; what is; what/where v (is)
yi3 J2932 01h 75b (the) purpose, use (of); benefit, profit (in)
si3 ž5589 06a 74c death, dying, mortality; execution
ju4 ̐1560 61+18 HL (in, to) frighten, deter, intimidate, warn (ing)
zhi1 !0935 01e 74e them, some(body, one), (the) others?
74 c ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e 78n assume, if, suppose (that) (it); if/were it
shi3 ç5770 03b 80b (was/were) allow, grant (ed); given/so that
min2 i4508 03b 75a (the) citizens, multitude, others, people
chang2 DŽ0221 01b 74g always, consistently, commonly, ordinarily
wei4 š7069 15i F fear, respect, heed (ed); were (v) awed by
si3 ž5589 06a 75g death, dying, mortality, perishing; execution
74 d er2 £1756 01 l 74e and (nevertheless, still, then, when, yet)
wei2 ş7059 02a 75e ^ act, behave, function (s, ed); were, became
qi2 ø0514 57b F ^ perverse, strange, odd, bizarre, unusual (ly)
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 74g they, one, someone, somebody, (the) others vv
74 e wu2 µ7188 04k F (&, when) I, we
de2 Lj6161 03c F get, take; got, took; capture, seize (ed) (,)
zhi2 ƽ0996 14r 79d control, charge; arrest, capture, detain, seize (d)
er2 £1756 01 l 77h and (then); then
sha1 Ǜ5615 31k 74g kill, execute, exterminate (d) ; put ^ to death
zhi1 !0935 01e 75a them, some(body, one), (the) others?
74 f shu2 ƿ5893 15t 77k (then) who, what person, how many (would)
gan3 ȕ3229 03m F dare, offend, presume; be rash/bold?
74 g chang2 DŽ0221 01b 79i ^ always; normally, ordinarily, usually
you3 ›7533 01f 74k there is/are v; there will v appear, arise, be, exist
si1 W5585 30+2 74h (a, the) master, chief, principal; professional
sha1 Ǜ5615 31k 74g executioner, slayer, killer (s)
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 74h (-ers) who; to do; who do(es)
sha1 Ǜ5615 31k 74h (the) kill(ing), slay(ing), execute(ion) (s)
74 h fu1 21908 02q 74j (now, then) to; one(s)/those/someone who
dai4 L5996 9+3 74i substitute/stand in for; take (s) the place of
si1 W5585 74g 79f (a, the) master, chief, principal; professional
sha1 Ǜ5615 31k 74h executioner, slayer, killer (s)
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 74j (-ers) who; to/(and) do; who do(es)
sha1 Ǜ5615 31k F (the) kill(ing), slay(ing), execute(ion) (s)

182
74 i shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 75c (it/this) is/may/might (indeed, in fact, truly) be
wei4 ˓7079 01m 78k called, deemed, styled, termed; likened to
dai4 L5996 74h 74j substitute/stand in for; take (ing) the place of
da4 5943 13b 74j (a, an, the) great, master; accomplished
jiang4 ƒ0662 22+4 74j carpenter, artisan, craftsman, workman
zhuo2 ̱1263 69+10 74j (&, in) carve, chop, cut, hew, sculpt (ing)
74 j fu1 21908 02q 75j now, however (to); (but, yet) then, as a rule
dai4 L5996 74h F ^ substitute/stand in for; take (s) the place of
da4 5943 13b 76i ^ (a, an, the) great, master; accomplished
jiang4 ƒ0662 74i F ^ carpenter, artisan, craftsman, workman
zhuo2 ̱1263 74i F ^ (in) carve, chop, cut, hew, sculpt (ing)
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 75i one(s)/those/someone who(ever) vvvv
74 k xi1 À2416 14d F (^ how, etc.) rarely, seldom; few, not many (^)
you3 ›7533 01f 75e have; might, will, would (they, these); get, learn
bu4 5379 02d 76g (to) avoid, escape, fail (ed) to; not
shang1 Ʌ5666 60e F harm, injure(y); hurt, damage, wound (ed, ing)
qi2 ì0525 01h 75b (to) one’s/his/her/their (own)
shou3 :5838 64+0 HL hand(s)
yi3 Ô2938 31m F (how)(certainly, indeed, in fact, surely, truly) !
75 a min2 i4508 03b 75d humanity; (the) multitude, others, people
zhi1 !0935 01e 75b ...’s; ^ of v; approach(es); (has/have) come to
ji1 ̎0417 184+12 75c (the) hunger, scarcity, famine; starve(ation)
75 b yi3 J2932 01h 75c (is) because (of); due to; comes from; when
qi2 ì0525 01h 75e their; ^ them
shang4 5669 08a 75e elite, superiors; those/(the) ones above v
shi2 Ÿ5810 20* 80 l consume, devour, eat up; appropriate (ing)
shui4 Ȩ5927 115+7 HL ^^tax grain; duty, tariff, revenue (s, grain)
zhi1 !0935 01e 75d ^ of/by/in/through/with the/their v
duo1 ‹6416 05i 81i so/too much; more (and more); all vv
75 c shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 75f this/that is; ^ therefore, thus,
yi3 J2932 01h 75e why; behind; the cause of; } hence
ji1 ̎0417 75a F (the) hunger, scarcity, famine, starvation
75 d min2 i4508 03b 75g humanity; (the) multitude, others, people 65d
zhi1 !0935 01e 75e ...’s; has, have; ^ of/about/in/for/with v “
nan2 ̅4625 02f 75f complication, difficulty, problem, trouble (s) “
zhi4 ę1021 03g 75f in/with/of/to lead/rule(ership); govern(ment) “

183
75 e yi3 J2932 01h 75f (is/are) because (of), due to; when 65e
qi2 ì0525 01h 75h their; ^ them “
shang4 5669 08a 76j elite, superior (s); those/(the) one(s) above v
zhi1 !0935 01e 75g have, come (ing); proceed, resort (to)
you3 ›7533 01f 77e to be; to have, take (ing); learned, presumed to
wei2 ş7059 02a 75i (an) active (part); action; interfere, meddle
75 f shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 75i this/that is; ^ therefore, thus,
yi3 J2932 01h 75h why; behind; the cause of; } hence
nan2 ̅4625 02f F (the) complication, difficulty, problem (s)
zhi4 ę1021 03g F in/with/of/to lead/rule(ership); govern(ment)
75 g min2 i4508 03b 80a humanity; (the) multitude, others, people
zhi1 !0935 01e 75h ...’s; ^ of v; is/are, come(s) to be; has/have
qing1 ʚ1156 26a 75i make/take (ing, ^) light(ly, of); indifferent(ce) to
si3 ž5589 06a 75i death, dying, mortality, passing, perishing
75 h yi3 J2932 01h 75i (is/are) because (of), due to; when
qi2 ì0525 01h 76b their; they
qiu2 Ì1217 62o F hunt, seek, search, crave (ing); pursu(e, it)
sheng1 n5738 02e 75i (of, for) existence, growth, life, vitality 50g
zhi1 !0935 01e 76a ...’s; in/for its; to get/be(come) (more) “
hou4 ĺ2147 38t F full, rich(er, es); dense(ness), substance(tial) “
75 i shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 75k this/that is; ^ therefore, thus,
yi3 J2932 01h 75j why; behind; the cause of; } hence
qing1 ʚ1156 26a F (the)(ir) making light of; indifference to
si3 ž5589 06a 76b death, dying, mortality, passing, perishing
75 j fu1 21908 02q F now, then ^ as; ^ when; ^
wei2 Ʒ7064 02q 77 l inasmuch, insofar v; only v; } because
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 78d ^ do(es)/will not; has/have no; no longer
yi3 J2932 01h 76g ^ consider, take, treat; regard (for); think (of)
sheng1 n5738 02e 75k ^ existence, growth, life, living, vitality
wei2 ş7059 02a 77m ^ (as) (a) construct, performance, product(ion)
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 76e (there is/are) one(s)/those (who); someone vvvv
75 k shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 76g (so) there/one/they is/are/will (there) be
xian2 ʶ2671 03a 77o skill (ed); able, good, wise, worthy; excel
yu2 Č7643 08e 78a about, at, in, to, with (respect to); when, while
gui4 ȶ3636 03c F esteem, estimate, honor, respect, value (ing)
sheng1 n5738 02e 76a existence, growth, life, living, vitality

184
76 a ren2 3097 02k 77i everyone, human beings, individuals, people
zhi1 !0935 01e 76c ^ they (are); (with)in/during their
sheng1 n5738 02e 76c ^ (a)live(s), living, grow(ing, th), vital; born
ye3 7312 03m 76b as, if, when, while vv
rou2 ŗ3133 10c 76c (are) adaptable, flexible, soft, supple, yielding
ruo4 Ɖ3128 03j 76f (&) delicate, gentle, soft, tender, weak
76 b qi2 ì0525 01h 76d ^ they (are); those who are; in/at their
si3 ž5589 06a 76d ^ dead, finished; die, perish; death(s), demise
ye3 7312 03m 76c as, if, when, while vv
jian1 ƺ0825 43b 76e (is, are) hard(ened), firm, strong, steady, stout
qiang2 LJ0668 03k 76e (&) firm, hard, inflexible, stiff, tough
76 c wan4 ɛ7030 01f F (of) (a, the) myriad, ten thousand; all
wu4 Ĝ7209 01f F beings, creatures, entities, things; of creation
cao3 ƥ6739 140+6 HL (the) grasses, herbs, plants
mu4 ?4593 64g 76h (&) (the) trees
zhi1 !0935 01e 76e ^ they, these (are); (with)in/during their
sheng1 n5738 02e 76f ^(a)live(s), living, grow(ing, th), vital; new
ye3 7312 03m 76d as, if, when, while vv
rou2 ŗ3133 10c 76f (are) adaptable, flexible, soft, supple, yielding
cui4 Ơ6882 64c F thin, fragile, delicate, frail, tender
76 d qi2 ì0525 01h 77b ^ they (are); those who are; in/at their
si3 ž5589 06a 76e ^ dead, finished; die, perish; death(s), demise
ye3 7312 03m F as, if, when, while vv
ku1 Ř3492 75+5 HL (are) withered, weathered, decayed, shriveled
gao3 ʄ3291 75+10 HL (&) dried up, dry, withered, tough, dessicated
76 e gu4 Ő3455 01g F (and) so; therefore, thus; as such, in this way
jian1 ƺ0825 43b 78b (^)(the) hard(ened), firm, strong, steady, stout
qiang2 LJ0668 03k 76g (^)(&) firm, hard, inflexible, stiff, tough
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 76f are/will be; that/those which/who is/are vv
si3 ž5589 06a 80d (are)(^) death, dying, mortality, perishing 50c
zhi1 !0935 01e 76f ...’s; (the) ^ of/in/to/with v “
tu2 Ɗ6536 50b 76f companions, fellows, adherents, followers “
76 f rou2 ŗ3133 10c 76j (^) (the) adaptable, flexible, supple, yielding
ruo4 Ɖ3128 03j 76j (^) (&) delicate, gentle, soft, tender, weak
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 77c are/will be; that/those which/who is/are vv
sheng1 n5738 02e F (are)(^) life, living, existence, vitality 50b
zhi1 !0935 01e 77a ...’s; (the) ^ of/in/to/with v “
tu2 Ɗ6536 50b 80e companions, fellows, adherents, followers “

185
76 g shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 77m this is; (&) so it is; ^ this ^; ^
yi3 J2932 01h 77j how, why; that; for v reason; } hence, thus
bing1 ³5282 39b 76h military; strategies; ^ of arms; ^ army, soldiers
qiang2 LJ0668 03k 76h (of) force (v); (an, the) inflexible, unbending v
ze2 ķ6746 03o 76h ^ accordingly, in due course, necessarily (be)
bu4 5379 02d 77f do(es)/may/might/will not; are not v
sheng4 Ȅ5754 31j 78c conquer, overcome, triumph(ant); victorious
76h mu4 ?4593 64g F & (a, the)(^) tree(s)
qiang2 LJ0668 03k 76i (in/of/with) firmness, might, strength; rigid v
ze2 ķ6746 03o 77i (is) accordingly, consequently, then, usually
bing1 ³5282 39b 80h attacked, axed, felled; cut/struck down
76 i qiang2 LJ0668 03k 78b (^) (the) firm, hard, mighty, stiff, strong, tough
da4 5943 13b 79a (^) (&) great, heavy, mature, strong, mighty
chu3 dz1407 02k 76j belong; (the)(^) abode/place/position (of vv)
xia4 2520 02a 77d (is) below, (under/be)neath; (the) inferior v
76 j rou2 ŗ3133 10c 78a (^) (the) adaptable, flexible, supple, yielding
ruo4 Ɖ3128 03j 78a (^) (&)delicate, gentle, soft, tender, weak
chu3 dz1407 02k 77n belong; (the)(^) abode/place/position (of vv)
shang4 5669 08a F (is) above, on top, highest; (the) superior v
77 a tian1 16361 01e 77g (the) heaven, sky, celest-
zhi1 !0935 01e 77c ...’s; -ly, -ial; ^ of/for/with v; has its
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 77g (the) way, path; principle, process, truth -
77 b qi2 ì0525 01h 77o ^ it/this; what this is
you2 ȣ7528 05f F compare, relate, liken, associate v (with/to)
zhang1 dž0195 36b F ^ (a, the) stretch, draw, bend, flex (ed, ing of)
gong1 3703 57+0 HL ^ (a, the) (long)bow
yu3 ʕ7615 08h 79i (in relation) to, with vv
77 c gao1 Ʊ3290 02h F ^ (the) high, elevated, tall, raised, lofty
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 77d what/that which is/has been v
yi4 É3031 64+4 HL ^ lowered, (dep, sup)pressed, pulled down
zhi1 !0935 01e 77d (be)comes (to be); (this/is what) is/will be v
77 d xia4 2520 02a 77k ^ (the) basic, humble, low(ly), subordinate
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 77e what/that which is/has been v
ju3 ˡ1567 134+10 HL ^ elevated; drawn, raised, lifted, brought (up)
zhi1 !0935 01e 77e (be)comes (to be); (this/is what) is/will be v
77 e you3 ›7533 01f 77g (^) has, possesses; becomes; there is; to have
yu2 ʾ7608 20o 77g (^) (a, an) abundance, excess, surfeit, surplus
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 77f what/that which v; where v; is; means
sun3 ɓ5548 42j 77g ^ decreased, diminished, reduced, taken from
zhi1 !0935 01e 77f (be)comes (to be); (this/is what) is/will be v
186
77 f bu4 5379 02d 77h ^ does not have; there is not; to not have; is in-
zu2 Þ6824 17e 77h ^ (a) adequacy, enough, sufficiency; -complete
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 77 l what/that which vv; where vv; is, means
bu3 ɦ5372 145+7 77h ^ amend, augment, supplement, add (ed) to
zhi1 !0935 01e 77g (be)comes (to be); (this/is what) is/will be v
77 g tian1 16361 01e 77k (the) heaven, sky, celest-; natural
zhi1 !0935 01e 77i ...’s; -ly, -ial; ^ of/about/in/for/with v
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 77i (the) way; principle, process, truth; nature
sun3 ɓ5548 42j 77j decreases, diminishes, reduces, takes from
you3 ›7533 01f 77j what is/has/becomes/possesses; where there is
yu2 ʾ7608 20o 77j (a) abundant(ance), excess(ive), surfeit, surplus
77 h er2 £1756 01 l 77m and (then); then, while
bu3 ɦ5372 77f F amend, augment, supplement, add (s, ing) to
bu4 5379 02d 77i what is/(the) not, in-, un-; where there is not
zu2 Þ6824 17e 77j complete, enough, satisfactory, sufficient
77 i ren2 3097 02k 77m (the) human(ity, kind, beings); people, society
zhi1 !0935 01e 78c ...’s; ...s’; ^ of/about/in/for/with v
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 77 l (the) way, path, course; process, truth; nature
ze2 ķ6746 03o F (is) as a rule, normally, then, thus, usually
bu4 5379 02d 77j not, never, hardly, little, rarely, un-; off-
ran2 Ȣ3072 17i F natural, true; like this, so, thus; course, track
77 j sun3 ɓ5548 42j F decrease, diminish, reduce, take (ing) from
bu4 5379 02d 77m (what) is, the not, in-, un-; where there is not
zu2 Þ6824 17e F complete, enough, satisfactory, sufficient
yi3 J2932 01h 77k (in order/as a way) to; intending/thinking to
feng4 ÷1884 37+5 77k offer, present, deliver, contribute, give, serve (to)
you3 ›7533 01f 77k (what) is/has/becomes/possesses; where there is
yu2 ʾ7608 20o 77k (a) abundant(ance), excess(ive), surfeit, surplus
77 k shu2 ƿ5893 15t F who, what person (is it; would be/it be)
neng2 ơ4648 07b 78c can, could; (is) able, fit; capable
you3 ›7533 01f 77 l (of/to) claim, have, own, possess, take (ing)
yu2 ʾ7608 20o 79b (a, an) abundance, excess, surfeit, surplus
yi3 J2932 01h 77m (in order/as a way) to; intending/thinking to
feng4 ÷1884 77j F offer, present, deliver, contribute, serve (to)
tian1 16361 01e 78a (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 78a below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom ?
77 l wei2 Ʒ7064 02q F exclusively, just, only, simply, solely
you3 ›7533 01f 79b ^ have, hold, keep (to), possess (ing); are on
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 79h ^ (the) way, path, course; principle, truth
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 78b (the) one(s)/those (who) vv
187
77m shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 78i this is; (&) so it is; ^ this; ^
yi3 J2932 01h 78d how, why; that; applying v; } therefore, thus
sheng4 ɠ5753 02k 78i (a, the) perceptive, sagely, wise; ^ (a, the)
ren2 3097 02k 78i individual, one, person (s); people; } sage(s)
wei2 ş7059 02a 79c act, create, develop, make, produce (s) 02o
er2 £1756 01 l 77n and (yet); but, yet (still); although, while “
bu4 5379 02d 77n do(es) not; not, never, rarely, seldom; without “
shi4 ŋ5779 02o F expect; cling, depend; presume, rely (ing) “
77 n gong1 Q3698 02p F ^ (the) achievement, task, work (s) 02p
cheng2 ˜0379 02f F complete, finish, achieve, accomplish (s) v “
er2 £1756 01 l 78b and (yet); but, yet (still); although, while “
bu4 5379 02d 77o do(es) not; not, never, rarely, seldom; without
chu3 dz1407 02k F abide, dwell, linger, remain, rest, stay (ing)
77 o qi2 ì0525 01h 78d (such as) these, he/she/they (are)
bu4 5379 02d 78g has/have no; do not have; lack(s); without
yu4 ǚ7671 01g F ambition, craving, desire, hunger, longing, want
jian4 Ø0860 03e F to display, exhibit, flaunt, reveal, show (off)
xian2 ʶ2671 03a F excellence, worth(iness); ability, merit
78 a tian1 16361 01e 78g (in all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 78g below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
mo4 Dz4557 09f 78c (there is) nothing, no thing (as, so, more)
rou2 ŗ3133 10c 78f adaptable, flexible, soft, supple, yielding
ruo4 Ɖ3128 03j 78e & delicate, gentle, soft, tender, weak
yu2 Č7643 08e 79e (as, so)...as; (more)...than; compared to/with
shui3 B5922 08a F water
78 b er2 £1756 01 l 79e and (still, yet); but, yet (still); although, however
gong1 Ë3699 66+3 HL ^ attack, assault; overcome, work (s) at/on
jian1 ƺ0825 43b F ^ (the) hard(ened), firm, strong, steady, stout
qiang2 LJ0668 03k 78e ^ (&) firm, hard, inflexible, mighty, stiff, strong
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 81c of what/that which vvv
78 c mo4 Dz4557 09f 78g (there is) nothing, no thing
zhi1 !0935 01e 78d ^^ it, this, such (a thing)
neng2 ơ4648 07b 78h (is) able, fit to; capable of; can, could
sheng4 Ȅ5754 31j 78e beat, best, outdo, overcome, surpass (ing) v
78 d yi3 J2932 01h 78d because, since, on account of, inasmuch as
qi2 ì0525 01h 80 l there is, one has
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 79g nothing, no
yi3 J2932 01h 78i with which; means, way (to)
yi4 Ď2952 02f F exchange; take ^ place; easier
zhi1 !0935 01e 78e of/about/in/with/than it/this; v its v
188
78 e ruo4 Ɖ3128 03j F (that) (the) gentle, soft, tender, weak 36j
zhi1 !0935 01e 78f comes to, will; finally
sheng4 Ȅ5754 31j 78f overcome, subdue, surpass, vanquish (es) 36j
qiang2 LJ0668 03k F (the) firm, hard, mighty, stiff, strong, tough “
78 f rou2 ŗ3133 10c F (the) adaptable, flexible, supple, yielding “
zhi1 !0935 01e 78j comes to, will; finally
sheng4 Ȅ5754 31j F overcome, subdue, surpass, vanquish (es) 36j
gang1 Ɓ3268 36j F (the) firm, tough, resolute, persistent “
78 g tian1 16361 01e 78m (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ (in) nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a 78m below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
mo4 Dz4557 09f 78h (there is) nobody, no one, not one (who)[...this]
bu4 5379 02d 78 l do(es) not; cannot; fail(s) to
zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 81e comprehend, grasp, know, understand (this)
78 h mo4 Dz4557 09f F (but, yet) nobody, no one, none, not one 70d
neng2 ơ4648 07b F can; (is, are) able, fit to; capable of “
xing2 ª2754 02 l F apply, develop, do, practice (ing) (it/this) “
78 i shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 78k this is; (&) so it is; ^
yi3 J2932 01h 79c how, why; that; } therefore, hence, thus
sheng4 ɠ5753 02k 79d (a, the) perceptive, sagely, wise; ^ (a, the)
ren2 3097 02k 79d individual, one, person (s); people; } sage(s)
yun2 "7745 57n F (can) say, claim, declare, assert, maintain (s):
78 j shou4 ï5840 29+6 78 l (to) accept, inherit, receive, undertake (ing)
guo2 Ƹ3738 10g 78 l (a, the) country, domain, land, realm, state
zhi1 !0935 01e 80b ...’s; ^ of/for/on behalf of v
gou4 Ľ3421 32+6 HL dirt, loam, soil; disgrace, shame, stains *
78 k shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 78m is/may (indeed, in truth) be; this, such; truly
wei4 ˓7079 01m 78m called, deemed, proclaimed, styled; describes
she4 ģ5701 113+3 HL ^ (the) altar(s) (of) earth, land, place, locality
ji4 ʯ0504 115+10 HL ^ (the altar)(s) (of) grain, millet, crops
zhu3 H1336 26g F (to) command, master, take (ing) charge of
78 l shou4 ï5840 78j F (to) accept, inherit, receive, undertake (ing)
guo2 Ƹ3738 10g 80a (a, the) country, domain, land, realm, state (’s)
bu4 5379 02d 79e mis-; un-; ill-; bad, lack of
xiang2 ǫ2577 31a F fortunes; happiness; omens; luck
78m shi4 Ŗ5794 02k 79d is/may be; such/this is (in truth, actually, truly)
wei4 ˓7079 01m F called, styled, termed, deemed, designated
tian1 16361 01e 79h (all) ^ heaven, (the) sky; ^ nature; (the)
xia4 2520 02a F below, beneath, under v; } world, kingdom
wang2 F7037 16o F (’s) king, lord, ruler, sovereign (of/for/to)

189
78 n zheng4 g0351 08j F correct, straight(forward), true, upright, valid
yan2 Ú7334 02 l 81a idea, language, opinion, word (s); speech, talk
ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e F (may/might) appear, seem (to be); as well be
fan3 01781 25 l F contrary, opposite, reversed, turned around
79 a he2 ò2115 02i F (in, when) harmonize, settle, reconcile (ing)
da4 5943 13b F (a, an) great, major; developed, old, seasoned
yuan4 Ň7714 63e 79b animosity, hostility, grievance, enmity (s)
79 b bi4 b5109 30f F ^ always, certainly, surely, usually (^)
you3 ›7533 01f 79f there is/are v; there will v appear, arise, be, exist
yu2 ʾ7608 20o F (^) leftover, lingering, remaining, surplus
yuan4 Ň7714 63e F bitterness, ill will; resentment, complaint (s) (v)
79 c an1 ”0026 15u 80n how, why ^ this
ke3 S3381 01a F v can, could, may, might, would v
yi3 J2932 01h 79d be considered, regarded (a way/means); serve
wei2 ş7059 02a 81h as (being), to be; productive of; to develop
shan4 ȭ5657 02c 79i good, merit, virtue; reform, improvement?
79 d shi4 Ŗ5794 02k F this is; (&) so it is; ^ this; ^
yi3 J2932 01h 81h why; that; applying v; } therefore, hence
sheng4 ɠ5753 02k 81g (a, the) perceptive, sagely, wise; ^ (a, the)
ren2 3097 02k 79e individual, one, person (s); people; } sage(s)
zhi2 ƽ0996 14r F (will) hold, keep, maintain, post, retain, take
zuo3 ^6774 31d F (the) left (hand, side)* greater, inconvenient
qi4 ľ0551 37+6 79f (of the) bond, tally, contract, covenant
79 e er2 £1756 01 l 80c and (also, moreover, simply, still, then); while
bu4 5379 02d 80c do(es)/will not, never, rarely, seldom; make no
ze2 Ƿ6748 154+4 HL ask, demand, lay charge, press, require (s, ing)
yu2 Č7643 08e F after, against, from, on, upon
ren2 3097 02k 79i (the, an)other(s), fellows, people, persons
79 f you3 ›7533 01f 80b to claim, (l)earn, have, keep, maintain, possess
de2 ʤ6162 10q 79g character, virtue, merit, worth, integrity
si1 W5585 74g 79g (is to) master; look after; take charge of, keep
qi4 ľ0551 79d F (the) bond, contract; duty, obligation (s)
79 g wu2 ȡ7180 01e 79h to have/own/possess no; to lack, not have
de2 ʤ6162 10q F character, virtue, merit, worth, integrity
si1 W5585 74g F (is to) master; look after; take charge of, keep
che4 ʃ0285 60+12 HL (the) claim, levy, tax; spoils, entitlement(s)
79 h tian1 16361 01e 81j (^ of, the) heaven(ly), sky, celestial (’s)
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 81j (the) way, course; principle, process; nature v
wu2 ȡ7180 01e 80g has/holds no; (plays) no; lacks; is without
qin1 ˏ1107 17b F favorite; (bond of) alliance, attachment (s)
190
79 i chang2 DŽ0221 01b F (but, yet) always, as a rule, generally, usually*
yu3 ʕ7615 08h 81i backs, favors, supports; side, work (s, ing) with
shan4 ȭ5657 02c 81c best, better, good; meritorious, right, virtuous
ren2 3097 02k 80b human being, individual, one, people, person
80 a xiao3 2605 32b F (^, in a) little, small; diminish, minimize, shrink
guo2 Ƹ3738 10g 80p (be) (the) country, domain, state, territory (v)
gua3 ɽ3517 19j F (^, with) few, sparse, scarce; thin/spread out
min2 i4508 03b 80d (be) (the) people, population, inhabitants (v)
80 b shi3 ç5770 03b 80d allow, enable, let; so/encourage/ensure that
you3 ›7533 01f 80f there (to) are/be/exist/remain/will be
shi2 %5808 9+2 HL tens; ten (fold, times)
bai3 ¡4976 05d F & hundreds; (a) hundred (fold, times)
ren2 3097 02k 80j (of) individuals, inhabitants, people; humanity
zhi1 !0935 01e 80g having, with; come to have (their); …’s
qi4 ˁ0549 11c F (specific) skills, specialties, tools, instruments
80 c er2 £1756 01 l 80e and (still, yet); but, yet (still); although, while
bu4 5379 02d 80e not, never, hardly, rarely, seldom; no longer, un-
yong4 o7567 04a 80k applied, employed, put to use, relied on, used
80 d shi3 ç5770 03b 80j so that; allow, cause, enable, encourage, let
min2 i4508 03b 80r humanity; (the) multitude, others, people (to)
zhong4 Ŵ1509 26a F ponder, respect, weigh; feel (s) the weight of
si3 ž5589 06a 80r (their) death, dying, end, mortality, passing (s)
80 e er2 £1756 01 l 80k and (simply, so, then, thus); then; while
bu4 5379 02d 80s do/will not, never, rarely, seldom; avoid
yuan3 ʛ7734 25k F ^ far (away), great distances, abroad, beyond
tu2 lj6536 50b F wander, travel, migrate, venture (ing) v
80 f sui1 ˩5519 26e 80h (al)though; even if/though/when/where
you3 ›7533 01f 80h there be/are/exist/remain/will be
zhou1 ¨1291 137+0 HL boats, ships, vessels
yu2 ˦7618 39t F & carriages, wagons, vehicles
80 g wu2 ȡ7180 01e 80i there is/are/exists/remains/will/would be no(-)
suo3 Ĉ5465 07b 80i cause, place, purpose, reason (s); -where
cheng2 ź0398 26g F (to/for) ride, take, avail (ing) of
zhi1 !0935 01e 80i them, these, same, such, one
80 h sui1 ˩5519 26e F (al)though; even if/though/when/where
you3 ›7533 01f 81h there be/are/exist/remain/will be
jia3 q0610 50j F armor, shields, shielding
bing1 ³5282 30b F & arms, weapons; armament

191
80 i wu2 ȡ7180 01e F there is/are/exists/remains/will/would be no(-)
suo3 Ĉ5465 07b F cause, purpose, reason (s); -where (to/for)
chen2 ǽ0339 170+8 HL array, display, exhibit, parade, show (ing)
zhi1 !0935 01e 80k them, these, same, such, this
80 j shi3 ç5770 03b F allow, cause, enable, encourage, help, let
ren2 3097 02k 81g (the) other(s) people; human(ity, beings)
fu4 ȍ1992 14 l F (to) return, revert, devolve, come/go back to
jie2 ȫ0782 27f F knotted, (the) knotting, tying (of); ^
sheng2 ̀5749 14k F cords, lines, ropes, strings; } quipu
80 k er2 £1756 01 l 81j and (merely, only, simply, so, then)
yong4 o7567 04a F make use of, use; rely/count (ing) (up)on
zhi1 !0935 01e 80q them, these, same, such, this
80 l gan1 m3223 32g F (to) sweeten, savor, relish, enjoy (ing)
qi2 ì0525 01h 80m their (own)
shi2 Ÿ5810 20* F food, fare, meals, sustenance
80m mei3 ũ4406 02a 81a adorn, beautify, embroider; admire (ing)
qi2 ì0525 01h 80n their (own)
fu2 đ1999 53i F cloth(es, ing), garments, apparel, attire
80 n an1 ”0026 15u F secure, safeguard; content(ed), at rest (ing)
qi2 ì0525 01h 80o (in) their (own)
ju1 ă1535 02p F abodes, dwellings, homes, households
80 o le4 ʩ4129 23m F delight(ed), rejoice (ing), happy in; enjoy(ing)
qi2 ì0525 01h F their (own)
su2 Ĵ5497 20s F customs, traditions; everyday/simple ways
80 p lin2 ʺ4033 15i F (the) neighboring, nearby, adjacent, local
guo2 Ƹ3738 10g F country, domain(inion), land, realm, state (s)
xiang1 ť2562 02e 80q ^ each other; one another
wang4 Ǘ7043 74+7 HL (may) view, overlook; face, look towards v
80 q ji1 ˻0428 171+10 HL ^^ roosters, cocks, fowl, chickens
quan3 E1650 94+0 HL ^^ & dogs, hounds
zhi1 !0935 01e 81j ...’s; ^ of/from ^vv
sheng1 ˟5748 02i F (the) noise, sounds; crowing and barking
xiang1 ť2562 02e 80s (of) each other’s, one another’s vv
wen2 ʓ7142 14c F (is/are/may be) heard, in earshot, noticed
80 r min2 i4508 03b F (the) citizens, inhabitants, others, people
zhi4 §0982 43a F become, grow; approach, attain, come to, reach
lao3 ¢3833 30n F old; (to) great/old age, seniority
si3 ž5589 06a F & die, pass on, perish; death, dying, mortality

192
80 s bu4 5379 02d 81a without, with no
xiang1 ť2562 02e F mutual; ^^ between them/each/one (an)other
wang3 Ą7050 35b F goings; departures; ^
lai2 è3768 73i F & comings; arrivals; } intercourse, traffic (v)
81 a xin4 ı2748 08i 81b credible, honest, reliable, sincere, true, truthful
yan2 Ú7334 02 l 81b idea, language, opinion, speech, talk, word (s)
bu4 5379 02d 81b is/are not, never, rarely, seldom; will not be
mei3 ũ4406 02a 81b elegant, embellished, fancy; pretty, beautiful
81 b mei3 ũ4406 02a F elegant, embellished, fancy; pretty, beautiful
yan2 Ú7334 02 l F idea, language, opinion, speech, talk, word (s)
bu4 5379 02d 81c (is/are) not, never, rarely, seldom; will not be
xin4 ı2748 08i F credible, honest, reliable, sincere, true, truthful
81 c shan4 ȭ5657 02c 81d (^, to be, the) best, good, right, virtuous, worthy
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 81d one(s)/those who(ever) is/are v; is ^ to be
bu4 5379 02d 81d (is/are) not, never, rarely, seldom; will not be
bian4 ̔5242 45g 81d artful, sophisticated; argumentative, factious
81 d bian4 ̔5242 45g F (^, to be) artful, sophisticated; argumentative
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 81e one(s)/those who(ever) is/are v; is ^ to be
bu4 5379 02d 81e (is/are) not, never, rarely, seldom; will not be
shan4 ȭ5657 02c F best, better, good, right, virtuous, worthy
81 e zhi1 Ģ0932 02a 81f (^, to be) knowing, perceptive, understanding
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k 81f one(s)/those who(ever) is/are v; is ^ to be
bu4 5379 02d 81f (is/are) not, never, rarely, seldom; will not be
bo2 ȅ5322 24+10 81f erudite, sophisticated; broad/wide(ly) learned
81 f bo2 ȅ5322 81e F (^, to be) erudite, sophisticated, b/w learned
zhe3 ĥ0263 01k F one(s)/those who(ever) is/are v; is ^ to be
bu4 5379 02d 81g (is/are) not, never, rarely, seldom; will not be
zhi1 Ģ0932 02a F knowing, perceptive, understanding, wise
81 g sheng4 ɠ5753 02k 81k (a, the) perceptive, sagely, wise; ^ (a, the)
ren2 3097 02k 81h individual, one, person (s); people; } sage(s)
bu4 5379 02d 81j do(es)/will not, never, rarely, seldom
ji1 ˋ0500 59e F accumulate, collect, gather; heap/store (s) up
81 h ji4 Œ0453 32j 81i if, upon, when, while, whilst, (al)though
yi3 J2932 01h 81i intend, mean, offer; help, serve, try, work (ing)
wei2 ş7059 02a 81k to augment, act on behalf of, serve
ren2 3097 02k 81i another, people, society, someone else (’s)
ji3 0429 49+0 81i (^) (they) themselves (are); their own (is)
yu4 ɐ7632 05h 81i (the) greater, better, richer; (are) further, more
you3 ›7533 01f F attain(ment), gain, have, possess(ion)

193
81 i ji4 Œ0453 32j F if, upon, when, while, whilst, (al)though
yi3 J2932 01h F intend, mean, offer; help, serve, try, work (ing)
yu3 ʕ7615 08h F to assist, give, help, join, partake, support (in/to)
ren2 3097 02k 81k another, others, people, society, someone (’s)
ji3 0429 81h F (^) (they) themselves (are); their own (is)
yu4 ɐ7632 05h F (the) greater, better, richer; (are) further, more
duo1 ‹6416 05i F (the)(y, ir) increase; add, multiply, expand (ed)
81 j tian1 16361 01e F (the) heaven, sky, celest-
zhi1 !0935 01e 81k ...’s; -ly, -ial; ^ of/about/for/with v
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 81k (the) way, course; principle, process; nature
li4 ´3867 08b F (is) (to) benefit, serve; turn (ing) to advantage
er2 £1756 01 l 81k and (still, yet); but, yet (still); although, while
bu4 5379 02d 81k without/avoid/escape (ing) (doing); doing no
hai4 ƅ2015 35c F harm, hurt, damage, injury; offense, trouble
81 k sheng4 ɠ5753 02k F (a, the) perceptive, sagely, wise; ^ (a, the)
ren2 3097 02k F individual, one, person (s); people; } sage(s)
zhi1 !0935 01e F ...s’; ...s’; ^ of/about/for/with v
dao4 ɰ6136 01a F (the) way, course; principle, process; nature
wei2 ş7059 02a F (is) (to) act, function, perform, serve, work (ing)
er2 £1756 01 l F and (still, yet); but, yet (still); although, while
bu4 5379 02d F not; without, with no; avoid, escape (ing)
zheng1 ě0365 03b F contend, compete (tion); strive, struggle (ing)

194
 Common Variations in the Text

“To keep all the cogs and wheels is the first precaution of intelligent tinkering.”
Aldo Leopold

Abbreviations used for source texts:

WB = Wang Bi FY = Fu Yi
HSG = Heshang Gong MWD = Mawangdui (plural, texts a & b)
HY = Harvard Yencheng GD = Guodian fragments

01 j MWD have for jiao

suo3 Ĉ5465 07b what(soever)/that which is
jiao4 X0685 30+13 HL asked, called for
01 l Some texts begin this parsing after zhe, some after tong
01 m HY substitutes for xuan (also at 01n, 06b, 06c, 10e, 15b, 51r, 56i, 65m, 65n)
yuan2 (7707 10+2 primary, superlative, ultimate, source
02 g FY has for jiao
xing2 Á2759 59+4 41t form, shape, contrast; define, describe v
MWD have
xing2 ‚2755 18+4 HL form, shape, imitate, exemplify, model
02 h This is WB, HSG & FY. MWD a & b and GD have for qing
ying2 Ť7474 04b fulfill, complete, satisfy
03 f This is WB & FY. HSG omits min2. MWD a & b omit xin1
04 b MWDb has for huo bu.
you3 ›7533 01f there is/will ^ be
fu2 a1981 02p not, never, rarely, seldom; in no way
FY is on a different page with you4 bu4 man3, and not filled.
05 f MWD have for you
you2 ɘ7530 94+9 17g (the) design, model, plan, scheme of
05 i MWD have for yan
wen2 ʓ7142 14c heard, listened to; hearing, listening
06 f qin is often glossed as
jin4 ʉ1082 108+9 HL exhausted, used up; [has no] end
07 i WB and HSG take turns swapping
ye2 Ū(7307, 47b, 128+3) with ápron ye2 as an interrogative
I have used the latter version here and 39r and 62p
09 i Shown is WB & MWD a & b. HSG has gong cheng ming sui
cheng2 ˜0379 02f ^ accomplished, achieved, completed
ming2 ‡4524 01c name, distinction, renown, significance v
FY has: cheng ming gong sui …
195
09 j & 10 a: Most texts, including WB, HSG, FY & MWDb parse:
09j: tian zhi dao ...
10a: zai ying po bao yi
Of those who do, many gloss ying as hun, the spirit soul.
(See Yijing 26.6: he tian zhi gu)
10 d FY has neng ru ying. HSG has neng ying er __.
ru2 3137 05j as, like; be as good as, equal to
10 h FY & MWDb have neng wu yi zhi hu. HSG has neng wu wei, omitting hu.
yi3 J2932 01h using, applying; intentional, purposeful
zhi1 Ģ0932 02a cognition, discretion, knowing, knowledge
10 j HY has wu for wei. HSG has neng wei ci, omitting hu
wu2 ȡ7180 01e not/without being; without
10 l Some versions, including HY, have for zhi
wei2 ş7059 02a act, assume, do; interfere, meddle (ing); artifice
HSG has neng wu yi zhi and omits hu. MWD b has neng wu yi zhi hu
yi3 J2932 01h using, applying; intentional, purposeful
13 d MWD a & b insert chong zhi wei xia
zhi1 !0935 01e [-ing] of (a) thing(s)/something/someone
FY parses ruo jing chong wei xia together
15 a FY & MWDb have for shi (matching the phrase at 65a)
dao4 ɰ6136 01a 15v ^ (the) way, path, course; principle, truth
15c This is WB< HSG & FY. MWD a & b & GD have for shi
zhi4 Ä0971 61+3 03j ambition, will, expectation, aspiration (s)
15f This is WB & FY. HSG has for yu xi
yu3 ʕ7615 134+8 20b
yan1 Ǥ7330 02m here, now, within
HY has only for yan for xi
MWD both have HSG’s yu3 for WB’s yu4 and
yu3 ʕ7615 134+8 20b
he1 ñ2110 30+5 HL
qi2 ì0525 12+6 01j
FY & MWD a & b preface this line with yue1, it is said
15 k This is FY & MWD a & b. WB & HSG have for ke
rong2 Ƈ7560 40+7 16m appearance, manner, demeanor, attitude (s)
Recently used in 15e. Ke4 makes a lot more sense.
15st This is WB & MWD. Some versions add extra lines between s & t:
dan4 xi1, qi2 ruo4 hai3; liu2 xi1, ruo4 wu2 zhi3
So calm, that they were like the sea; Such lofty winds, as though never to settle
15 u This is WB, HSG & FY. MWD a & b and GD omit jiu

196
15 y This is WB & HSG w/ gu neng bi bu xin cheng
FY & MWDb write: shi yi (therefore) neng bi er bu ... cheng, with
bi4 ʱ5104 140+12 HL conceal, hide, shade, obscure, separate
er2 £1756 01 l and (so, then, thus) (be); while
17 g This is HSG, FY & MWDa & b. WB has for you
you1 Ǎ7520 61+7 HL (to) step back, get distance, be far away, relax
18 h This is WB & HSG. FY & MWD a & b have for zhong
zhen1 ů0346 154+2 purity, virtue, rectitude, loyalty, steadfastness
GD has zheng
zheng4 g0351 77+1 correct, proper, (up)right (ly); with rectitude
19 g MWD a & b and GD have for zhe
yan2 Ú7334 02 l (are) (^) expressions, ideas, thoughts, sayings
ye3 7312 03m -; only, simply, just v -
and for bu
wei4 e7114 20h do not yet; still have no; remain less than
GD has: __ san yan __ yi wei shi bu zu
20 a Gao Heng & other versions move jue xue wu you to the end of Chapter 19.
The punctuation of MWD is not helpful here.
20 b MWDa has wei __ yu he qi
he1 Ȳ2112 149+5 HL no; disdain, rejection, reproof, blame, scolding
qi2 ì0525 12+6 01j the, these; such; its; things; what/that which is
MWDb has wei __ yu he qi
he1 ñ2110 30+5 HL scolding; laugh, yawn; whew
GD has wei __ yu he __ w/ he 2112
20 d MWD a & b and GD have for shan
mei3 ũ4406 02a beautiful, attractive, admirable, aesthetic
20 k Some versions reverse chun & deng, writing ru deng chun tai
20 * Some versions write er gui shi yu mu
yu2 Č7643 08e of, in, with, of
21m This FY & MWD a & b. WB & HSG write zi jin ji gu, from ancient times until the
present. But we are looking backward through time here, looking for what continues to
hold true, and the sequence chosen here depicts that point of view.
23 b MWD omit gu
23 j FY has for de
de2 Lj6161 03c gain(ful), secure(ity), attain(ing, ment)
This gloss is intended in the word play connecting 23i to 23k, but the correct character
is de 6162.
23m MWD omits 23m. FY omits le

197
23o & 23q FY and MWD a & b omit le . This avoids anthropomorphizing. The dao does not
“will” to do anything: Dao is not theistic or teleological. But business “will” be done, of
itself (zi ran). Glosses of le should avoid this trap.
23 r (& 23s) These two lines, which are repetitions of 17e & 17f, do not occur in the
MWD texts. It may be one place where Ma Xulun meddled properly.
25d This is FY & MWDb, making 25d and e grammatically similar
WB, HSG & MWDa omit er in 25d but have it in 25e.
GD has only 25d, as du li __ bu gai
25f This is WB, HSG & GD. FY & MWD a&b have tian di mu
di4 ‰6198 01e [mother of Heaven and] Earth
the chosen phrase tian xia mu is repeated at 52b, even in the MWD texts
25oq This is WB & HSG. MWD omit qi. GD omits er. FY is in his own world here.
26 c This is FY & MWD a & b & others. WB & HSG have for jun zi
sheng4 ɠ5753 02k (a, the) perceptive, sagely, wise; ^ (a, the)
ren2 3097 02k individual, one, person (s); people; } sage(s)
But why would a wise one have so much heavy baggage?
26 h This is FY & MWDb. WB & HSG have zi (from 26d) for qing
zi1 ʹ6933 159+8 HL ^ transport, cargo, supply, baggage wagon(s)
Both MWD texts insert yu, writing: qing yu tian
yu2 Č7643 08e in, with, towards, with respect to
26 i This is WB, FY & MWD a & b. HSG has for ben
chen2 ¥0327 18h (the) ministers, subordinates, subjects
28 t This is WB, HSG & FY
MWD omit zhi, leaving sheng ren yong: wise ones, in practice,
29g This is WB & HSG. MWD omit gu. FY replaces gu with fan.
fan2 1771 16+1 HL (such) general, universal, encompassing; all
30 f This is WB, HSG & FY. MWD omit 30f entirely
31 n Added gu from FY & GD. Chapter 31 from this point on is found in both MWD & GD,
putting an end to long-standing speculation that this was a post-Han addition which crept
into
the text from a commentary. MWD begin the line with shi yi instrad of gu.
32 c This is WB, HSG and FY. MWD a & b and GD have for neng
gan3 ȕ3229 03m 64y (will) dare, presume, venture, make (s) bold
FY, MWD and GD omit ye.
33 h This is WB, HSG & FY. MWD have for wang
wang4 Â7036 61+3 HL be forgotten, neglected, ignored; forget
34 d MWDa has: gong cheng sui shi er bu ming you. MWDb has: cheng gong sui fu ming you
shi4 ä5787 02k affairs, tasks, endeavors; business v
er2 £1756 01 l and (still, yet); but (still) [there is/will be no]
FY has: gong cheng __ er bu ju, as at 02p but w/o sui and with bu for fu.
198
34 f FY omits chang wu yu. MWD a & b write: ze heng wu yu
ze2 ķ6746 03o if, when, where [then ke]; therefore
heng2 Ŋ2107 61+6 HL always, regularly
This eliminates speculation that chang wu yu is later interpolation.
35 g This is FY, MWD a & b & WB notes. WB text & HSG have for yan
kou3 3434 12c orally, verbally; by mouth; in speech/words
35 k This is FY, MWD a & b and GD. WB & HSG have for ke
zu2 Þ6824 17e enough; [has no] basis, ground(s), reason
36 b (& 36d, 36f, 36h) Others write for gu
gu3 T3447 14r first, from the start/beginning [be ...-ed]
37 h (& 37i) MWD have for yu
ru3 ƪ3154 13a [would not be] shame, demean, diminish,
disgrace, abuse (ed)
37 j This is WB, HSG & FY. MWD have tian di, GD has wan wu.
37 j This is WB, HSG & GD. FY & MWD a & b have for ding
zheng4 g0351 08j rectify, regulate, correct; straighten v out
38 f This line, which equates xia de with the shang yi of 38h, does not occur in MWD.
FY has wu instead of you: The inferior virtue acts on things and has no motives to act
39 a MWDb omits zhi, MWDa does not.
39 f This is WB, HSG & FY. MWD omit 39f entirely.
39 g This is WB, HSG & FY. MWD have for zhen
zheng4 g0351 08j 45j correct, proper, (up)right (ly); with rectitude
FY reverses wang and hou
39 m This is WB, HSG & FY. MWD omit 39m entirely.
39 n FY has Wang hou wu yi wei zhen er gui gao. Jiang kong jue.
39 t This is WB, JSG & MWD. Some texts have for yu
che1 à0280 11b 39t (of) (the) carriage, cart, chariot, vehicle (s)
FY and versions of WB have for yu wu yu
yu4 ̓7617 17b (the) acclaim, praise, appreciation; honor (s)
wu2 ȡ7180 01e of (having) no, lacking; without, with no
yu4 ̓7617 17b acclaim, praise; honor, approval (s)
39 u MWD add shi gu bu....
shi4 Ŗ5794 02k (&) so it is; there is
gu4 Ő3455 01g therefore, thus, accordingly, given this, [no]
39 v FY has for luo
luo4 ɣ4122 140+9 HL scatter, tumble, let fall; be random, strewn
MWD have for luo
ge4 ̪none 112+6 HL hard pressed, rough discomfort against hardness
41 p There is another version of this same character seen at M0297

199
41 v MWDb writes for dai qie cheng: shi qie shan cheng
shi3 ú5772 01e begin, initiate, originate, renew
shan4 ȭ5657 02c skillfully, competently, expertly; wholly, fully
46 b There may be some word play here with this character:
xi4 ̥2474 163+7 HL retired, withdrawn, cut (from herd)
46 e This is HSG, FY & MWD a. MWS b omits yu2. WB omits 46e entirely.
GD has a modified version: zui mo hou hu shen yu.
49a This is WB, HSG & FY.
Although some texts write sheng ren chang wu xin, reversing wu and chang:
Wise ones normally have no mind. This has much to recommend it, and MWDb
supports this by writing sheng ren heng wu xin
heng2 Ŋ2107 61+6 HL always, regularly
49 e (& 49h) This is WB & HSG. FY has for de
de2 Lj6161 03c (to) gain, secure, receive; earn, learn, merit
Many others simply gloss de (merit) as de (gain). This is not necessary if the verb merit
implies that your due eventually comes your way.
Both MWD texts are illegible here, except MWD b at 49h has the de I have selected
49 l This is HSG & FY. WB omits 49 l entirely, although it is included in WB texts.
MWD supports its inclusion, writing:
bai xing jie zhu qi er mu yan (qi occurs only in Text b), but with a different zhu
zhu3 ̏5896 19h ap shu3 (see) assemble, gather around, pay attention
yan1 Ǥ7330 02m here, now, to this,
51 e This is WB, HSG & FY. MWD omit mo bu. Some versions parse before them,
or before and after, all of this supporting the translation as a parenthetical expression.
51 l MWDa has for yu
sui4 ɱ5530 162+9 17h succeed(s); (is/are) completed, followed up
Hence glossing chang as “leads.”
51 m This is WB, FY & MWD b
HSG has for ting and du respectively
cheng2 ˜0379 02f complete, perfect, accomplish, fulfill (s, ing)
shu2 ʪ5895 86+11 HL ripen, mature; prepare, produce (s, ing)
53 c Wang Niansun suggests shi as a misprint for yu in some mss, like FY
shi1 ő5768 70+5 HL bestow, grant; execute, carry out
MWDb writes for shi
ta1 K5961 9+3 HL others, another, (the) other, elsewhere
54 d f, h & j: This is WB & HSG. FY, MWD b and GD omit yu Retained here for clarity.

200
55 c This is WB, MWD a & b and GD.
HSG shortens feng chai hui she bu shi to du chong bu shi
du2 Ŝ6509 51m poisonous, toxic, noxious, venomous
chong2 ˲1519 142+12 HL insects & reptiles; creatures
FY simply shortens to feng chai __ __ bu shi
55 h This is HSG, FY & MWD b. WB timidly writes for zui
quan2 1666 22a complete, full, whole, intact (ness) [is at work]
MWDb and GD have zui nu for zui zuo
nu4 ņ4758 61+5 HL (is) excited, energetic, aroused
56 a & b: GD has zhi zhi zhe bu yan; yan zhi zhe bu zhi
zhi1 !0935 01e this, things, something
MWD a & b and GD have fu for bu in both places.
fu2 a1981 57+2 02q there is/will be no; without, with no
57 l This is HSG, MWDb & GD. WB and others have for wu
ling4 M4043 12a (^) & directives, policies, regulations, rules
This zhang is WB & HSG. FY, MWD b and GD have for zhang
zhang1 Ȁ0182 117+6 HL (the) display ; (a) display, show, sign of v
60 g This is WB & FY. HSG & MWD a & b omit ren, leaving [do(es) no harm]
The simple meaning of ahimsa
62 a This is WB, HSG & FY. MWD have for ao
zhu4 Ė1340 85+5 49 l flow, tendency, emphasis, focus, direction
62 d & e: Some texts write: mei yan ke yi shi zun; shan xing ke yi jia ru
shan4 ȭ5657 02c good, fine, excellent, skillful [act(ion)s, deeds]
FY has mei yan ke yi yu shi
yu2 Č7643 70+4 14 l to; the, this; with respect to
62 e MWD have for jia ren
he4 ȵ2116 154+5 HL gifts, presents, congratulations
ren2 3097 02k (from) other(s) people, society
62 i MWDa has for gong. MWDb is transcribed by Henricks as xiang1, country or village
qing1 Ƃ1155 26+10 HL nobles, (cabinet) ministers, officials
63 h (& 63j) FY has tian xia zhi nan… and tian xia zhi da…
zhi1 !0935 4+3 01f ...s’, ...s’; ^ of, for, to vv
63 h (& 63j) MWDa has tian xia zhi nan __ __ zuo yu yi and tian xia zhi da __ __ zuo yu xi
MWDb text is corrupt but appears to follow. Nan then reads “difficulties.”
63 i (& 63k) MWDa omits bi. Text b is illegible.
64 j This is WB, HSG & FY. MWD have other forms of baskets, like
lei2 ̽4233 140+21 HL basket, bushel, pannier, hod (to carry earth)
64 k This is WB, HSG & FY. MWD a & b have bai qian zhi gao
Heights of a hundred, a thousand [measures] begin from beneath (the) feet
The GD fragments are not helpful in resolving this.
201
65 p This is WB & HSG. FY & MWD a & b omit ran hou
66 d FY has shi yi sheng ren yu shang min
sheng4 ɠ 5753 02k (a, the) perceptive, sagely, wise; ^ (a, the)
ren2  3097 02k individual, one, person (s); people; } sage(s)
MWD a & b & GD have shi yi sheng ren zhi yu shang min
zhi1 ! 0935 01e ...’s [desire]; (when the) vv [intends]
66 h MWD a & B omit sheng ren
FY does not, but adds shi yi sheng ren chu zhi shang; er min fu zhong
67 a FY has tian xia jie wei wu __ da, w/ 1st person wu and omitting dao
MWD b omits dao and doubles da: tian xia [jie] wei wo da da
All under heaven admit my [idea of] greatness is great
67 pqrs FY has a very different text, ending in 67s: shi wei ru si men, thus entering death’s gate
67 s MWDa has ze bi si yi. MWDb has ze si yi.
ze2 ķ6746 03o then, means; leads to
bi4 b5109 30f [ ^ death] (is) certain, sure [death]
69 l This is FY & MWD a & b. WB & HSG have for ruo
jia1 P0580 62e F face, encounter, meet; advance (up)on v
suggesting the possibility that jia is a misprint for the very similar ru, glossed as ruo
ru2 3137 05j equal, are equal to; are [each other’s] equals
71 c This is WB, HSG & FY. MWD omit this line
71 d This is WB, HSG & FY. MWD omit bu bing, making 71d-e read shi yi sheng ren bu bing
74 a FY has min chang wu wei si. The people are always unafraid of dying
MWDb has ruo min heng qie bu wei si: Suppose the people were always unafraid …
ruo4 Ŭ3126 06e if, when, where; suppose/assume that
heng2 Ŋ2107 61+6 HL always, regularly
75h HSG has yi qi shang qiu … because their superiors pursue life’s riches
shang4 5669 08a (their) superiors; (those) above
75 k This is WB, HSG & FY
MWD omit yu, leaving an implied “and” and lose an ambiguity in the process
76 h This is WB. Everyone else has a useless variant to bing, but some texts offer a plausible zhe
zhe2 Ç0267 64+4 HL broken, felled, cut down, laid low
77 b Some texts have hu1, FY has yu2, both interrogative particles; MWDb has a declarative
ye3 7312 03m -; :; now
78 c FY has xian1, prior, for sheng4.
80 b FY has shi men you, let the people have, instead of let there be.
WB, HSG & FY have bo2 for bai3, not as necessary as shi2 for shi2, just before.
WB, HSG & FY all omit ren. MWDb only has ren __ qi, omitting zhi
81 cd MWD have bo2 for bian4
81 de MWD have duo1 for bo2

202
 Index to the Guodian Chu Bamboo Slips

Following Two Pages

see Robert Henricks' Lao Tzu's Tao Te Cheng, ISBN 0-231-11816-3

Units should have been assigned colors instead of numbers, as no specific order is
implied. "Position" is the only sure order -- within a unit. And there is no positive
assurance there were no slips lost after the "L" last slip of a unit. (DDJ16 might be an
example.)

This index was prepared by Larry (Lare, Mo4) Moore

203
Chap Page Bundle Unit Pos. Traditional Subjects
01 dao4 ke3 dao4 fei3 chang2 dao4
02 50 A:09 1 09 beauty vs ugliness
03 don't exalt the gifted
04 blunt, untangle, soften, merge
05 straw dogs
05 mid 58 A:12 2 02L bellows between heaven and earth
06 valley spirit, woman, mother
07 heaven & earth last forever
08 highest good is like water
09 79 A:20 5 04 better stop short than fill to the brim
10 Primal Virtue (Can you avoid separation?)
11 thirty spokes
12 five colors
13 94 B:04 1 04L accept disgrace, misfortune
14 look, it cannot be seen
15 39 A:05 1 05 ancient masters
16.1-6 60 A:13 3 01L empty to see constancy of return
17 112 C:01 1 01L best leader barely known
18 112 C:01 1 01L when tao is forgotten hierarchy
19 28 A:01 1 01 give up sainthood, kindness, ingenuity
20 90 B:03 1 03 I alone am a mess
21 elusive and intangible
22 yield & overcome, have little & gain
23 high winds
24 tiptoe is not steady
25 55 A:11 2 01 call it tao, great
26 heavy is root of light
27 good walker, speaker, reckoner
28 be stream, valley, example of the universe
29 you cannot improve the universe
30 36 A:04 1 04 advise a ruler / achieve results
31 117 C:03 3 01L weapons to the left, right
32 53 A:10 1 10L if kings could harness tao / parts need names
33 knowing/mastering others/self
34 tao flows, nourishes, is not lord
35 115 C:02 2 01L passersby stop
36 to shrink first expand
37 45 A:07 1 07 tao abides in non-action
38 truly good man hierarchy
39 sky is clear, earth is firm
40 77 A:19 5 03 returning is the motion of tao
41 98 B:05 2 01L foolish student laughs aloud / perfect square has no corners
42 tao begot one; a violent man
43 soft overcomes hard
44 75 A:18 5 02 fame or self; know when to stop
45 105 B:07 3 02 great x seems non-x
46 34 A:03 1 03 horses haul manure; enough is enough
47 w/o going outside
48 87 B:02 1 02 learning acquires, tao drops
49 Zelig sage
50 third of the people follow life
51 arise from tao, nourished by te

204
52 know the mother, know the sons
52 mid 102 B:06 3 01 close the gates
53 robber barons
54 108 B:08 3 03L family, village, nation, universe
55 72 A:17 5 01 newborn child has a woodie
56 65 A:15 4 02 those who know do not talk
57 68 A:16 4 03L more laws = more thieves (wu wei)
58 rule w/light hand (57 cont.)
59 84 B:01 1 01 in ruling use restraint, give up own ideas
60 cooking a small fish
61 small country vs. great country
62 offer the tao to a new emperor
63 48 A:08 1 08 magnify the small
64 63 A:14 4 01 deal w/ it before it happens
64b 42 A:06 1 06 wuwei / wuyuu
64b' 120 C:04 4 01L wuwei / wuyuu
65 rule w/o cleverness
66 31 A:02 1 02 sea is king of streams
67 three treasures
68 good soldier is not violent
69 advance an inch / withdraw a foot
70 my words are easy to understand
71 know not know good
72 lack of awe yields disaster
73 heaven's net casts wide
74 official executioner
75 rulers tax, demand too much
76 green plants tender, dead stiff
77 tao is like bending a bow
78 water is soft & yielding, yet victorious
79 bitter quarrel; bamboo tallies
80 quipu, crowing cocks, & barking dogs
81 truthful words are not beautiful
TaiYi 123 C:05 5 01L ["The great one gave birth to water"]
ShengS
hui 1
TYSS3 123 C:05 7 01L
TYSS2 127 C:06 6 01L

205
 Glossary

Words
Characters Not in the Glossary
Common Words
Phrases and Idioms
Pronouncing Pinyin Chinese
Pinyin to Wade-Giles Conversion

The words listed in the main part of this glossary appear more than five
times in this version of Lao Zi’s text.
The Chinese words are given in the Pinyin system of transliteration. For
readers familiar only with the older Wade-Giles system, a table of the differences
between the two systems is given at the end of this section. The phonetic elements
not found in this table are the same in both systems. See also “Pronouncing Pinyin
Chinese,” far below.
The first number in each entry (e.g. 7999) is the character’s entry number in
Harvard’s 1993 edition of Mathews Chinese English Dictionary. Although this was
not the only dictionary used in glossing the Chinese terms, it contains all but four
of the characters found in the text. These missing characters (found at 11c, 39n,
55h & 55j) were assigned numbers in the 8010’s.
The second number (e.g. 197f) is the character’s listing or entry number in
Bernard Karlgren’s Grammata Serica Rescensa.
The third number (e.g. 214+19) gives the character’s radical plus the number
of additional strokes (plus or minus a stroke). This is the “access code” to many
classical Chinese dictionaries.
The fourth number (e.g. 25a) gives the location of the character’s first
occurrence in the Dao De Jing. Column Five of the Matrix then tracks the use of
the word throughout. Its final occurrence is marked “F.”
The range of meanings given here for each of the words includes current
meanings and will often be a little broader than the range in use at any particular
point in Chinese history.
Characters used five times or less are listed in the section following the
Glossary, “Characters not in Glossary”, along with a more limited set of general
meanings. Following this is:
1) A list of the most commmon words used in the Dao De Jing,
2) A list of phrases and idioms and their locations.
207
bai3 ¡ 4976 781a 106+1 05d (a, the) hundred; hundredfold, hundredth,
hundreds of; a hundred times; (to be) common; all of the
bao4 ċ 4938 1113j 64+5 10a (to) accept, adopt, attend, bear, brood over,
carry in arms, cherish, embrace, endure, enfold, grasp (lovingly), guard, harbor, hide, hold
(tight), hug, possess, protect (s, ed, ing); (a, the) ambition, aspiration, fondness; armspan,
embrace, bosom, lap
bi4 b5109 405a 61+1 30f (to) command, demand, entail, mean, need,
require (s, ed, ing); (to be) certain, compulsory, determined, essential, necessary, requisite, sure
(to); to always/first be; bound to/must/will be; always, (most) assuredly, certainly, necessarily,
surely, usually, must; emphatic particle
bing1 ³5282 759a 12+5 30b (a, the) armament, arms, army, assault, battle,
fight, fighter, forces, military, soldier(s), strategies, tactics, troops, war, warriors, weapon(ry); (to
be) hostile, martial, warlike; (to) assault, attack, axe, fell, fight, cut/strike down (s, ed, ing)
bing4 Ɨ5288 757k 104+5 44c (a, the) affliction, ailment, blemish, crisis,
defect, disease, disgrace, disorder, distress, extreme illness, fault, hurt, illness, malady, misery,
pathology, sickness, sorrow, suffering, vice; (to be) aggrieved, ill, pathological, sick, sickly; (to)
afflict, harm, hurt, injure, insult, make ill, sicken, suffer (s, ed, ing); disparage, regard as
defective
bu4 5379 999a 1+3 02d no, not, none, nothing, (very) little, the least
(of); without, with no, not with; (is, are, was) no, not, nothing, (nothing) without; will not, will
fail to; may not, need not; (it is) no, not; is to not, to not (be), will not be, not to (be), not being,
to never be; being without, without being; outside of; away from, free (of/from); there (is, are,
will be) no, not, none, nothing; there will not be; were there no; what is not; (but) no, not,
nothing, without, with no; (do)(es) no, without; (has/have) no, not, yet to; (but) do not, does not,
did not, will not, would not, would never (be); instead of, regardless of, rather than, in spite of,
despite; not, never, no longer, rarely, seldom (to); hardly, (very) little, not much, not so, not very;
(to be) nothing, without, wrong; (to) avoid, cease to, drop, escape, evade, lack, need, refrain
from, want; fail to, make no, remain to be (s, ed, ing); not only not, not even, less (than); un-, ill-,
in-, im-, de-, dis-, non-, mal-, mis-, off-; -less, -lessly, -out, -free; remain un-; if not, but not if; is
this not...?; not...but; not only not; that/which cannot be; (a, the) doubt; absence, lack, need, void,
want (of); failure to; freedom from
chang2 ī 0213 721a 168+0 02g (to) complete, continue, develop, endure, excel,
go on, grow (tall), increase, keep up, last (long), master, perfect, perpetuate, persist, prevail,
profit, prosper, reach for, survive, sustain, take the lead (s, ed, ing); (to be) (long-) lasting, lived,
term; always, continued, durable, enduring, eternal, excelling, excellent, growing, long, old,
perpetual, persistent, prevailing, surviving, sustained, tall, tenured; continually, eternally,
perpetually, regularly, steadily, for long; (a, the) continuance, endurance, length, longevity, long
life, long time, maturity, perpetuity, prosperity; strong point, forte; as zhang3: (the) chief, elder,
eldest, senior, superior; (to be) grown up, mature, experienced, long lasting, long standing

209
chang2 DŽ0221 725e 50+8 01b (a, the) constant, constancy, norm, order,
principle, rule, standard, banner; (to be) common, consistent, constant, customary, endless,
enduring, eternal, ever, familiar, fixed, forever, frequent, general, generic, habitual, invariable,
lasting, limitless, normal, ordinary, perennial, permanent, perpetual, recurring, regular, set,
standard, standing, sustainable, usual; (to) abide, be forever, continue, endure, go on, last,
maintain, persist, survive, sustain (in, with) (s, ed, ing); [the status quo]; always, commonly,
consistently, constantly, durably, frequently, habitually, invariably, normally, often, ordinarily,
perpetually, regularly, usually, generally, so often; whenever, wherever; ever-; what/that which
continues/lasts
cheng2 ˜0379 818a 62+2 02f (to) accomplish, achieve, actualize, arrive at,
become, bring about, come to pass, complement, complete, determine, establish, finish, follow
through, fulfill, make, perfect, realize, satisfy, succeed, take place (s, ed, ing); (to be)
accomplished, achieved, actualized, arrived at, complete, completed, done, entire, finished,
fulfilled, full, mature, perfect, perfected, realized, whole; (fully) developed, formed; (a, the)
accomplishment, achievement, complement, fulfillment, completion, end, follow through,
outcome, realization (of); of completion; entirely, completely, perfectly
chu3 dz1407 85a 141+5 02k (to) abide (in), adjust, adopt, attend to, belong,
camp, continue, deal with, dwell, get along, go on, handle, hold, keep (still), linger, locate,
maintain, manage, occupy, place, practice, put in place, remain, rest, seat, set, settle (in); sit
down, spot, station, stay, stay on, stop, take; decide, judge, punish (s, ed, ing); (a, the) abode,
bivouac, circumstance, condition, place, position, refuge, shelter; (to be) at, in; abiding, adhered
to, adopted, decided, disposed, held, observed, in place, in position, resolved, set, settled; found
its place, settled in
chu1 O1409 496a 17+3 01k (to) come out, get out, go out, (of), set out, stand
out (from, out of); appear, arise, beget, bring out, deliver, depart, emerge, escape, evolve, exceed,
exist, exit, expel, get rid of, go (beyond, past), issue (from, out), leave, occur, proceed, (go/come)
forth, (sur)pass, pour out; quit, abandon, eject, reduce, expurgate; reappear, reemerge, remove,
rise up, vent; expend, pay (s, ed, ing); (a, the) adventure, departure, emergence, emergency,
expression, issue, outcome; (to be) beyond, past, passed, produced, spent; out of/from, outside
of; out comes
ci2 Ɏ6965 966j 61+10 18f (a, the) compassion, forbearance, kindness, love,
mercy; maternal/parental affection/devotion, devoted parents; (to be) affectionate, benign,
charitable, compassionate, fond, humane, kind, kindly, loving, merciful, motherly, sympathetic,
tender(-hearted)
ci3 6972 358a 77+2 01k this, these (is/are); here, now, here & now, the
present; of these, such; hereby; the self-evident; if so, in this case
da4 5943 317a 37+0 13b (to be) accomplished, best, better, big, complete,
critical, crucial, developed, enormous, entire, extreme, far, full, fully grown, good, grand,
great(er, est), heavy, high, large(r), (very, greatly) important, long, loud, major, mature, mighty,
more, most, noble, noteworthy, old, overall, (more, most) perfect, pure, realized, ripe, seasoned,
210
serious, significant, strong, successful, vast, whole, wholesome, vital; a lot of, full of, lots of;
master-, (a, the) completeness, (full) development, entirety, grand(eur, ness), greatness, growth,
(great) importance, largesse, majority, maturity, vastness, wholeness; a great deal, (very) much,
very; already, completely, entirely, fully, greatly, thoroughly, wholly, en masse, well-; of (great,
crucial, vital) importance
dao4 ɰ6136 1048a 162+9 01a (a, the) circuit, course, Dao, passage, path,
process, road, route, track, trail, way; dharma, doctrine, method, nature, principle, truth; way(s)
of, nature(s) of; (to be) headed down the road, on course, on track, on the path; fared, taken,
traveled; (to) guide, instruct, lead, conduct, govern, show the way; discourse, explain, say, speak,
tell [was in use as “to say” in the Zhou] (s, ed, ing). It is not a stretch to call the Dao a (or the)
four-dimensional or space-time continuum, the unfolding of existence over and through time,
things as strings or tracks; the Dao4 does not refer to the infinite field of all possibilities (“not a
path suited to travel”), but to the infinity of paths, tracks or ways actually taken in reality, fact or
truth
de2 Lj6161 905d 60+8 03c (to) accept, achieve, acquire, attain (to), bring,
capture, catch, choose, claim, come by, come true, discover, draw, earn, effect, encounter, find,
finish, gain, get, grasp, have, hold, learn, meet, merit, obtain, occupy, pick up, possess, reach,
realize, receive, regain, result in, satisfy, secure, seize, take (on), win (s, ed, ing); (a, the)
achievement, acquisition, attainment, booty, bounty, effect, gain (of), result, satisfaction,
security; (to be) attained, had, endowed, finished, found, gained, gainful, given, got, learned,
ready, satisified, satisfying; [not (otherwise) wasted] ; to be able; can, may
de2 ʤ6162 919k 60+12 10q (a, the) (personal) ability, aptitude, authority,
character(istic), conduct, dignity, disposition, energy, ethic, fitness, goodness, influence,
integrity, intention, merit, moral courage/excellence/force, nature, personality, power, quality,
spirit, spirit-power, strength, temperament, virtue, worth; bounty, kindness, favor; gratitude; a
virtue of; (to be) ethical, realized, spirited, virtuous; grateful; by nature, in character with; (to)
deserve, merit (s, ed, ing); De is often referred to as Dao applied or in relation to the individual
entity. De is the consequence of a being’s being on track, true to itself, fit to its own proper way
and hence, in character, doing well.
di4 ‰6198 4b' 32+3 01e (a, the) basis, earth, field, ground, land, locality,
location, place(ment), position, site, siting, situation, soil, space, territory, world, (to be) earthly,
local, terrestrial, worldly; (the) earth’s, world’s, land’s. Used in Tian Di, heaven and earth, the
universe or everything, including humanity and the myriad beings between heaven and earth.
du2 ˊ6512 1224i 94+13 20 l (to be) abandoned, (all) alone, by oneself, in
solitude, independent, individual, isolated, lonely, separate, single, sole, solitary, stranded; lost in
thought, meditative, pensive; thinking about; only, singularly, uniquely; by itself, on its own;
auto-, mono-
duo1 ‹6416 3a 36+3 05i (to be) (so, too) much; (is, are, be, there is/are,
have, grow, become, the) more; more and more, more important, worth more, more than; greater;

211
(so) often, very; a great number; numerous, plentiful; (so, too) many; (to) add, count more,
expand, increase, multiply; praise (s, ed, ing); more frequently; mostly, all/lots/plenty of; all the
...; over-
e4 ȏ4809 805h 61+8 02b (to be) abhorrent, bad, cruel, depraved, evil,
foul, hateful, horrible, loathesome, malicious, offensive, repulsive, sinister, ugly, vicious, vile,
wrong, wicked; (a, the) contempt, dirt, disdain, dislike, evil, filth, hate, ill-will, malice, revulsion,
sickness, ugliness, wrong; (to) condemn, detest, dislike, hate, resent, spurn
er2 £1756 982a 126+0 01 l and (also, even, only, so, still, then, thus, when,
yet), and there (is/are), and happens to; yet (still); but (also, only, still, then, with), but there
(is/are); (along, combined, even) with, with this; although, besides, however, moreover,
nevertheless, though; instead, rather; also, is also; if, when, where, with ... then; both ... and;
meanwhile, while, even (as, in, when, where, with, while), while also; then, is then; still, thus; as,
as when; merely, only, simply; before, in, by, through; together (with); you, your
fei1 į1819 579a 175+0 01b no, not; without, with no; but not; (it/this) is not,
(this/they) are not; (is/are) by no means, not at all; (did/would) not (be); to not be; to be not, not
to be; (did/would) never (be); to be wrong (in/as/for); not the right; does not mean; outside of;
with false; not that; or not?; (whether)...or not; is it/this not/wrong?, would it/this not be?, would
... it error/wrong; (a, the) blunder, error, fault, mistake, vice; (to be) bad, evil, vile, wrong; fake,
not right, unreal; (to) blame, condemn, deny, disown, object, refute, scorn, consider wrong (s, ed,
ing)
fu1 21908 101a 37+1 02q (a relative or demonstrative pronoun:) the, this,
it, that, they, these, those, the following, such, someone, (the) one(s)/those (who/which) (is/are),
the one in question; you; (preposition, like yu:) as, at, by, of, through, (up)on, with;
(consequence, like ze:) (but, yet) here, now, so, then, thus, therefore, as such, as this, after this,
since, given that; (initial particle:) now, then, when, however, moreover, if, but, even (the),
wherefore, furthermore, forasmuch as, (final, like hu:); (a, the) gentleman, husband, man, master,
sage; gentleman’s, husband’s, man’s; -man; -ist; -person; as to; a final particle
fu4 ȍ1992 1034d 60+9 14 l (to) devolve, recover, recur, redo, renew,
recommence, recall, repay, reply, repeat, restore, resume, retrace, return, revert, revise, revive,
(come, go, turn) around, back, home (to); fall back (on); overturn, turn over (s, ed, ing); (a, the)
answer, recovery, recurrence, renewal, reply, response, return; (to be) in answer, reply, response,
return (to); recurring, recurrent; again, repeatedly; coming and going
gan3 ȕ3229 607a 66+8 03m (to) attempt, dare, have courage, make bold,
presume, take liberty, undertake, venture; offend, take offensive; allow/permit self; (a, the)
audacity, boldness, daring, presumption; (to be) bold, courageous, daring, doubtless, intrepid,
unafraid; offensive, presumptuous, rash; sad, tragic; boldly, fearlessly, rashly; certainly, of
course
gong1 Q3698 1172d 19+3 02p (a, the) accomplishment, achievement, benefit,
credit, distinction, effect, effectiveness, efficacy, excellence, honor, merit, good deeds,
proficiency, result, skill, success, (tangible) value, (meritorious, good) work (done), effort,
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service; (useful) task; (to) prove (its, one’s) worth; work at, apply oneself to (s, ed, ing); (to be)
accomplished, achieved, distinguished, meritorious, praiseworthy, solid, valuable, well-done,
well-worked, workmanlike, worthy, substantial; (to have) acheivement, effect, merit, results
gu3 T3447 49a 30+2 14r (to be) ancient, antiquated, antique, classical,
long ago, of antiquity, of old, old, olden, archaic, primitive, timeless; (a, the) ancients, ancient
ones, ancient times, old ones, old(en) times
gu4 ö3450 49f 31+5 36b (to be) assured, certain, chronic, constant,
decided, entrenched, established, hard, firm, secure, solid, solidified, stable, strong, stubborn,
sturdy, sure; (to) fix, make firm, secure (s, ed, ing); (a, the) assurance, certainty, security,
soundness; assuredly, certainly, decidedly, firmly, stubbornly, surely
gu4 Ő3455 49i 66+5 01g (and) accordingly, according to, as, as such,
because, consequently, for, given this/that, hence, just as, since, so, so that, that, then, therefore,
thus, on purpose, such as, such is, such that; before, in the past; assuming that, for the time being,
for this reason, in such a case, in this way; that then (it/this); that accordingly; so?; (a, the)
antecedent, cause, given, phenomenon, fact, matter, precedent, pretext, prior condition, purpose,
reason (being) (of/for/to); old; (to) asssume (that), cause, come before, confer, give, lead to,
precede, (s, ed, ing); formerly; because of, due to
gu3 Û3483 1202a 150+0 06a (a, the) channel, depression, glen & dale, gorge,
hollow, ravine, riverway, valley, watercourse, watershed, waterway; (to be) difficult
guan1 ̠3575 158i 147+18 01h (to) attend, behold, comprehend, consider,
contemplate, divine, evaluate, examine, gaze (at, upon), gaze with concentration, look (at/for/to),
observe, perceive, see, study, view, watch, scry, regard (s, ed, ing); (a, the) comprehension,
observation, perception, perspective, prospect, scenery, sight, view, vista
gui1 ˬ3617 570a 77+14 14 l (a, the) betrothal, engagement, homecoming,
marriage, new home; return; (to) belong, (come, go, take, turn) back; bring home (around,
again), come (back) home, restore, return, revert, bring to; send, go (back, home) (to); (give) in
marriage, marry, gave ... in marriage; be persuaded, capitulate, give in, become loyal, change
loyalties, submit, turn over to; go to new home (s, ed, ing); (to be) restored; to where... belongs;
where to turn
gui4 ȶ3636 540b 154+5 03c (a, the) benefit, dignity, esteem, glorification,
exaltation, honor, importance, respect, veneration, value, worth; coin, specie, currency, tender;
(to be) dear, dignified, esteemed, exalted, honored, honorable, noble, eminent, precious, prized,
respectable, titled, treasured, valued, worthy, valuable, expensive; (to) appreciate, dignify,
estimate, exalt, favor, honor, value, esteem, ennoble, treasure, prize respect (s, ed, ing);
honorably, respectfully
guo3 Ē3732 351a 75+4 30g (a, the) conclusion, consequence, effect,
outcome, realization, result, success; fruit (of trees); (to) bear fruit, complete, conclude, finish,
overcome, succeed; bring to result; (to be) fruitful, full, satisfied, successful; daring, courageous,
determined, hardy, obstinate; indeed, in fact; certainly, exactly, really, surely, truly; in the end

213
guo2 Ƹ3738 929o 31+8 10g (a, the) capital (city), city, country, domain,
dominion, dynasty, empire, estate, land, province, quarter, realm, region, state, territory, seat of
government
he2 ¬2109 1f 9+5 13c how; how (is/are) ... it, this, these, they?; how
can/could ... be?; how much ... ?; where, where ... ?, where is ... it/this/the?; why, why is/would
... it/this (be)?; what, what is/was ... it/this?; what do(es) ... it/this?; what is the point in/of?;
did/would (it/this/they) not ... ?; which ... ?; for what reason?; for that reason; (to) bear (with),
carry, receive, support, undertake, uphold, wear; discover, find, uncover (s, ed, ing); to have
borne; (a, the) undertaking, task, burden, load, responsibility; (to be) responsible (for)
he2 ò2115 8e 30+5 02i (a, the) agreement, attunement, conciliation,
harmony, peace, resonance, rhyme, balance, concert, concord; (to be) agreeable, amiable,
concordant, content (with), gentle, harmonious, kindly, mild, on good terms with, peaceful,
responsive, well favored; (to) agree with, answer, blend with, harmonize with, respond to, reply
to, mix with, reconcile, make correct proportions (s, ed, ing); with
hou4 Ņ2143 115a 60+6 02j (to be) after, behind, subsequent, last, later,
next, at the back, in back of; late, later, late in coming, late to come, tardy, after; (to) be behind,
come after, follow, lag, succeed, trail; defer, postpone, place/put behind/last; attend, support (s,
ed, ing); (a, the) back (of), consequence(s), end, ending, trail, wake; descendant, future, heir,
posterity, successor; then, and then, at last, subsequently, then follows with, followed by;
afterwards, secondly, after that
hu1 I2154 55a 4+4 05f preposition: alongside, beneath, along with, at,
beside, by, from, herein, in, into, of, on, through, to, towards, upon, with, within; with regard to,
in the place of, on the side of; than; inner; lies; here; (interj:) how, so, such, what ... !; ... !; (final
interrogative:) is/does it/this (not) ... ?; right, so, true ?; ... ?; (to) achieve (this), attain (to), reach
(s, ed, ing)
huo4 ć2402 929a 62+4 04b perhaps (... or maybe); may/might (be); (most)
likely, maybe, perchance, possibly, probably, seemingly, seem (s, ed, ing) to be; tentatively; if,
as if, if only, supposing that, were there; in some cases, some chance of, sometime(s), at times,
other times, often; somehow, (in) some way, whether; some, someone, somebody (who),
something (which), others; either ... or; (the) one ... another, (the) other; something; or, or else;
(to be) doubtful, hypothetical, indefinite, possible, uncertain
ji4 Œ0453 515c 71+7 32j (is/are, has/have) after, already, as long as, at
last, entirely, finally, having, now that, once, since, upon, when (finished, done), while, whilst,
(to) attain, complete, have done, be done with, end, exhaust, finish, get ... done (s, ed, ing); (to
be) completed, consummated, de facto, done, finished, past, fixed, certain; end of event, particle
of perfect tense
ji2 ɕ0484 910e 75+8 16a (to be) absolute, best, complete, most, optimum,
perfect, polar, ultimate, utmost; bounded, ended, limited; (a, the) apex, apogee, attainment,
end(s), extreme (limit), farthest, first principle, goal, outcome, pole, pivot, summum bonum,
topmost, ultimate, utmost point, zenith; ridgepole of a house; correctness; center, middle; (to)
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bound, end, limit; arrive at, attain, come to, reach; exhaust; go to the end/all the way,
come/go/push to extremes, reach the end (s, ed, ing); very, extremely; -est
jian4 Ø0860 241a 147+0 03e (to) catch sight of, envision, look at, observe,
perceive, see, spy, view, visualize, watch, witness; apprehend, be exposed to, call upon, consult,
encounter, experience, have audience with, interview, meet (with), notice, receive, refer to, visit;
appear, appear to be show up; display, reveal, exhibit, flaunt, manifest, show (s, ed, ing); (a, the)
consciousness; sight, vision, advice respectfully sought; (to be) exposed (to), found, in view (of),
seen, viewed, visible; consciously
jiang1 ǃ0656 727f 41+8 15m (to) accompany, go with; act, do, have, hold (on,
onto), take; (as, if, should)(one) get ready, arrange, attend to, intend, prepare, tend (to); ask;
advance, push forward, lead/take (somebody/something) along, on; care for, nourish, protect,
support, escort, take in hand, take upon oneself; bring, offer (s, ed, ing); (a, the) one/officer in
command, commander, general; (to be) (if, just, when) about to, going to, (getting) ready to,
soon to; future, nearing; grand, great, strong; satisfied with, led by, taken by; (used with verb,
expressing future action:) can, could, might, shall, should, will, would (promptly, quickly, soon,
then); in the immediate future, presently; on the point of, about to
jie1 ţ0620 599a 106+4 02a all, everybody, everyone (is, are); each, every
(one) (else); every ... else; (to be) (al)together, complete, entire, everywhere, always; plentiful,
numerous; in accord with, in unison; (to) agree, be together with (s, ed, ing); (a, the) cooperation;
as one, entirely, wholly
jing4 ˗1154 812n 174+8 15t (a, the) calmness, patience, quiet, repose,
serenity, silence, solitude, stillness, tranquility; (to be) at rest, chaste, harmonious, clean, modest,
motionless, noiseless, patient, peaceful, quiet, restful, serene, silent, soft-voiced, stationary, still,
tranquil; (to) examine, ponder, think carefully on; tranquilize; acquiesce (s, ed, ing); quietly,
silently
jiu3 1188 993a 4+2 07a (to) continue, endure, last, go on, last/take long,
persevere, persist (in), survive, await (s, ed, ing); (to be) ancient, chronic, classic, continued,
prolonged, protracted, sustained; long, long since, (long) continued, lasting, lived, sustained;
enduring, surviving; (a, the) long time (ago), longevity; long since; as long as; (after, for) so
long, a long time, so long a time, all this time; finally
ju1 ă1535 49c 44+5 02p (to) abide, be, dwell, embody, hold, inhabit, lay
claim, linger, live, lodge, practice, remain, reside, settle, set down, sit, stand, stay (at, in, still, to);
occupy (a, the) position of; assert, claim, hold, maintain, (that); wait for, await, rest (in), lay by,
store up, stockpile, hoard (s, ed, ing); (a, the) repose, contentment (with), practice (of), abode,
dwelling, home, household, residence, place, position, station; stockpiles, stores, settlement,
homestead; (to be) in, inside, within; at home, content, comfortable, domestic, secure (in, with)
tranquil, satisfied, settled; easily; in the end
jun1 ¶1715 459a 30+4 26b (a, the) aristocrat, chief, gentleman, leader,
head, lady, lord, master, monarch, noble(man, woman), prince, ruler, sir, sovereign, superior;

215
dominion, leadership, nobility, sovereignty; (to be) honored, honorable, noble, responsible,
respectable, superior, worthy
ke3 S3381 1a 30+2 01a (to) accept, accommodate, adapt, approve,
admit, allow, ask, bear (with), befit, call (for, out, up), consent (to), incite, incur, indicate, invite,
permit, prescribe, submit, suit, tolerate, (s, ed, ing); (to be) able, about, acceptable,
accommodating, all right, amenable, appropriate, apt, asked, befitting, called (for), calling,
competent, conducive, convenient, capable, deserving, due, easy, enough, fit, fitting, friendly,
good, inclined, inviting, likely, possible, potential, proper, ready, right, satisfactory, sufficient,
suggesting, suitable, suited, welcome, willing, worthy (of, to, for); (that, which) can, could, may,
might, should (be); can (then) be; can/may ... be; to need/be worth doing; easily; -able.
Subjunctive mood. Ke3 is sometimes legitimately but more often mistakenly glossed as Ke4
(3320) or Neng2 (4648), both of which imply the power to overcome circumstances rather than
the more passive capacity or power to enter, adapt to and incorporate them.
kong3 ƍ3721 1172d 61+6 39i (to be) about to, apt, likely; imminent,
impending, threatening; expectant, frightened, fearful, apprehensive, suspicious; (to) fear,
tremble; suppose; menace, terrify; threaten to (s, ed, ing); (a, the) agitation, alarm, anxiety,
apprehension, dread, fright, terror, trepidation; lest; perhaps, probably; I/we/one would fear; (in
jiang kong, parenthetically, like:) I’m afraid; lest, or else
le4 ʩ4129 1125a 75+11 23m (to) enjoy, laugh, rejoice, relish (s, ed, ing); (to
be) agreeable, cheerful, eager, easy, elated, delighted, delightful, enjoyable, fond (of), glad,
happy, joyful, joyous, pleasant, pleased, ready, willing (to, with); (a, the) comfort, delight,
ecstasy, joy, pleasure; comfortably, eagerly, easily, freely, gladly, happily, readily, voluntarily,
willingly; with pleasure; pronounced yue4: music, song
li4 ´3867 510a 18+5 08b (to be) advantageous, beneficial, better,
effective, favorable, gainful, meriting, profitable, productive, rewarding, worth, worthwhile,
warranting, acute, astute, clever, cutting, incisive, keen, sharp (witted), sharpened, shrewd, witty;
earned, rewarded by, (turned) to advantage, with merit; (of) advantage, benefit, profit, value,
(to); (to) benefit (from, by), earn, help, exploit, favor, gain, harvest, merit, profit, reap, reward,
serve to, take advantage of, turn to advantage, make the most of, optimize, warrant (s, ed, ing);
(a, the) advantage, benefit, favor, gain, merit, profit, reward, value, worth; dueness, fitness,
utility; harvest (of), grounds for; formation, fruition, nourishment (implies a return on time and
energy invested, whereas Ji2 (0476) is often simply a question of being in the right place at the
right time)
ling4 M4043 823a 9+3 12a (to) bring, cause, command, decree, direct,
dispose, do, effect, engender, enjoin, give rise to, induce, institute, insure (that), lead, make,
occasion, prompt, set in motion, tell (s, ed, ing); let (fiat); (a, the) command, decree, directive,
instruction, law, mandate, policy, regulation, rule, statute; (to be) excellent, fine, good,
respectable, honorable, nice; it is good that
mei3 ũ4406 568a 123+3 02a (to be) admirable, aesthetic, attractive, fine,
good, beautiful, comely, delicious, elegant, excellent, exquisite, fair, fancy, handsome, lovely,
216
pleasing, pretty, well; (a, the) attraction, beauty, elegance; (to) adorn, beautify, embellish,
esteem, glorify, praise; admire, find beauty, find beautiful (s, ed, ing)
min2 i4508 457a 83+1 03b (a, the) citizens, citizenry, civility, commoners,
humanity, inhabitants, mankind, masses, (common) multitude, people, populace, population,
public, society, subjects; one, others; (to be) civilian, human, social; (a, the) people’s, public’s; -
body, -person
ming2 ‡4524 826a 30+3 01c (a, the) credit, description, designation, fame,
distinction, honor, meaning, name, notoriety, rank, renown, reputation, written word,
significance, term, title; (to be) celebrated, distinguished, famous, noted, titled; definite,
describable; (to) apply, call, define, describe, name, utter, signify (s, ed, ing)
ming2 ď4534 760a 72+4 10k (a, the) brightness, clarity, enlightenment,
illumination, light, lucidity, luster; discernment, intelligence (of), perception, perceptiveness,
resolution, vision, eyesight; agreement, covenant; (to be) aware, bright, brilliant, clear, clear-
sighted, conscious, enlightened, evident, explicit, illustrious, informed, intelligent, intelligible,
lucid, manifest, perceptive, pure, sagacious, shining, visionary; plain (as day and night); (to)
assert, awaken, see, brighten, clarify, elucidate, enlighten, envision, explain, get clear, illuminate,
shine, illustrate, make evident, perceive, show, understand, see (s, ed, ing)
mo4 Dz4557 802a 140+7 09f nobody, no one, not one; none, nothing, not, no;
(in) no way, by no means, not at all, absolutely not, no particular, not any; there is/are no, not,
none (any, one) (way, who, which); do not, have not, not have, must not; it is not, this is not;
there is nobody who; is it not ... ?; no-; no ... has; (a, the) exceptions; (often the subject of
sentence)
mu3 h4582 947a 80+1 01f (a, the) mother, matriarch; maternity;
denominator, key, matrix, root, source, that which produces; (to be) maternal, motherly
nai3 4612 945a 4+1 16n then, is then, will then be, and then, for then,
only then, if ... then, first ... then, this then; now, have now; is thereby, thereupon; and, and so,
and so too, and also, along with, as well as, as is ...; precedes, (is) before, leads to, is followed
by, after that, after this, because of (this); it is, this is, it is this that; when, when (this, that) is
fulfilled, in that regard, on (that, these, those) ground(s); (to) become, bring, grow (into); also,
although, but, furthermore, if, however, moreover, nevertheless; precisely; here, that, this, those,
this; your
nan2 ̅4625 152d 172+11 02f (a, the) affliction, calamity, complication,
difficulty, distress, hardship, problem, struggle, toil, trial, trouble; (to be) overtaxed; arduous,
complicated, contentious, difficult, grievous, hard, heavy, laborious, problematic, taxing, tedious,
troublesome; (to) balk, contend (with), censure, find fault, overtax, rebuke, toil (s, ed, ing); is it
not? ap nan4
neng2 ơ4648 885a 130+6 07b (a, the) ability, capability, capacity, expertise,
competence, effectiveness, fitness, power, proficiency, range, scope; skill, talent, (to) have
ability, be capable of, handle with competence, manage capably, endure, empower, enable (s, ed,

217
ing); (to be) possible; able, adequate, competent, capable, empowered, enabled, fit, skillful (of,
to, for); could, can (manage), can the power, may, might; can-
pu3 ˅5354 1210f 75+12 15o (a, the) un-carved/cut/tooled/worked block /
wood; artlessness, simplicity, wholeness; original/unretouched nature/simplicity; the substance
of things, a natural substance, things in the rough; (to be) authentic, crude, honest, natural, plain,
potential, raw, real, robust, simple, sincere, solid, unrefined, unworked, in the rough, in a natural
state; (to) become/grow authentic, genuine; simplify (s, ed, ing). Pu3 does not suggest pure
potential, a blank slate or tabula rasa. It is not similar to clay. Wood carries in it a grain, an
ingrained nature, from having followed its way (dao) in character with itself (de) out of its own
nature (zi ran). ap po4
qi2 ì0525 952a 12+6 01h (about, as, as to, at, by, for, in, on, of, to,
through, towards, with) one’s, his, her, its, their (own) (natural, proper, timely); one, him, her, it,
you, such, so many, a, an, the, this, that, these, them, those, what, oneself, himself, herself, itself,
another, the one(s), other(s), such things, these things; (the) other’s, others’, another’s; (the, this,
that) one’s; there (is, are); the, such; it, he, she, that, they, one (who, which); what/that/those
which is, are, might be, is/are expected to; one(s)/those being/having; this being so; (for, to)
someone (’s), somebody (’s), something (’s), some; such (a) thing(s); one, he, she, it, this, that,
there (is, are, has, have); this is what; has its, have their; the one who (is/has); is the; is that
which, are they who; for those who; such a one, such as these; if there (is, are, were), if they, if
these; it/this might/would have; him-, her-, them-, self-
qi4 ˁ0549 536a 30+13 11c (a, the) ability, agency, capacity, function,
talent, usefulness, specialist, specialty, specifics; apparatus, article, artifact, dish, entity,
implement, instrument, organ, thing, tool, use, utensil, utility, vessel, weapon; molded or carved
objects, concrete/specific applicability/thing, part of a whole, special skill; any thing made
limited to serve a purpose; (to be) meritorious; specific, useful
qi4 Ǚ0550 535a 75+8 19a (to) abandon, abstain, annul, cast aside, cease to,
deny, desert, desist from, discard, disdain, eliminate, expel, forfeit, forgo, forget, forsake, give
up, neglect, reject, relinquish, renounce, throw away/off, waste, waive (s, ed, ing); (to be)
wasteful
qiang2 LJ0668 713a 57+9 03k (to be) difficult, demanding, hard; ardent,
assertive, energetic, firm, fit, invigorated, mighty, powerful, strong; aggressive, coercive,
compelling, compulsive, compulsory, dominant, forceful, forcible, inflexible, insistent, obstinate,
stubborn, overbearing, rigid, stiff, vigorous, violent; compelled, forced, pressed, pressured;
better, superior; (a, the) force, aggression, coercion, compulsion, energy, firmness, might, power,
resolve, vigor, violence; effort, endeavor, struggle, trial; (to) coerce, compel, demand, force,
insist; brace, empower, fortify, strengthen, toughen (s, ed, ing)
qing1 ʚ1156 831o 159+7 26a (to be) bearable, easy, facile, light, lighter,
lightweight, simple, young; low, lowly, unimportant, worthless; fickle, flippant, frivolous,
heedless, precipitate; (a, the) easiness, indifference (to); light carriage; (to) diminish, lessen,
lighten, mitigate; disrespect, esteem/take/treat lightly, lightly take, ignore, make light of, slight,
218
think little of, treat with contempt, underestimate, underrate (s, ed, ing); easily, flippantly,
frivolously, gently, lightly
qu4 R1594 642a 28+3 02r (to) abate, avoid, cancel, deprive, diminish,
dismiss, discharge, do away with, eliminate, get rid of, give up, keep away, kill, lay off, leave
off, put away, remove, stop; depart, go, go away, leave, pass, quit; left, went away (s, ed, ing); (a,
the) absence, departure, distance, separation; (to be) apart, far apart, away; dismissed, gone, past,
spent
qu3 î1615 131a 29+6 12j (to) accept, appropriate, assume, catch, capture,
choose, collect, court, draw, grab, grasp, obtain, occupy, pick, pick up, pick out, prefer, possess,
receive, seek, seize, select, take, take up, take over, take hold of, lay hold of, win; pair with, mate
with, marry (s, ed, ing)
ran2 Ȣ3072 217a 86+8 17i (a, the) flame, light; course, nature, path,
process, reality, track, way; actualization, realization; permission, promise; (to be) natural, real,
true; (to) affirm, approve, actualize, realize; assent to, promise, swear; blaze, boil, burn, ignite,
light; consider so/true; although, but, nevertheless, still, however, on the other hand; here, in this,
this way, it all, all of this, as is, as it is; (truly) be here/this; yes, being so, correct, if so, just so,
like this/that, right, so, this being so, thus, true; what is ... so; certainly, naturally, of course,
really, truly; -ish, -like, -ly
ren2 3097 388a 9+0 02k (a, the) person, people, man, woman, one(s),
other(s), another, human being, individual (s); each (one), other persons/people; anybody,
anyone, everybody, everyone, somebody, someone (else)(’s); some, those; humanity,
humankind, mankind, society; character, citizen, fellow, folk; inhabitant, member, occupant,
participant, persona, personality, population, personnel, staff, role; (in) adulthood; (of) maturity;
(to be) human, adult, grown, mature; humanity’s; (a, the) person’s, people’s, occupant’s; fellow-;
-body, -man, -person, -ist
ren2 $3099 388f 9+2 05a (to be) benevolent, compassionate, good,
humane, human-hearted, kind, merciful, unselfish, lovingly disposed, sensitive, tender, well-
disposed; (a, the) agape, benevolence, charity, compassion, good will, fellow feeling, humanity,
kindness, love, mercy, perfect virtue, selflessness; kernel, seed
ri4 =3124 404a 72+0 23c (a, the) sun, daylight, daytime, day(s); time,
times; daily; by day; each day, every day
rou2 ŗ3133 1105a 75+5 10c (a, the) flexibility, gentleness, weakness,
mildness, softness, passiveness, responsiveness [what is now known as the Yin]; (to be)
accommodating, adaptable, gentle, flexible, mellow, mild, negative, neutral, passive, pliable,
pliant, responsive, soft, submissive, supple, tender, tranquil, weak, yielding; (to) accommodate,
acquiesce, respond, submit, mollify, tranquilize, yield (s. ed, ing); (a, the) flexible’s, weak’s,
yielding’s
ru2 3137 94g 38+3 05j (to be) (just, much) as/like; homogeneous, alike,
identical, uniform; similar to, the same as, as good/well as, equivalent to, equal to, about; (to)
appears/seem (to, to be); compares (well) to/with; assume, resemble, suppose, go to, proceed;
219
desire, follow, listen to; allow, permit, accord with (s, ed, ing); it (may) seem(s) like/that; might
as well be; apparently, seemingly; can compare with; in accordance/compliance with, in this
way, according to, as to, as though, if, as if, if also; such as, for instance, apparently; the same;
(is, seems) quite, such, so; what; what ... , what a ... ; how (very); so ... like, so ... looking; alike,
uniformly; instead of, rather than; about; -ish, -like, -looking, -ly; (often positioned as a suffix)
ru3 ƪ3154 1223a 161+3 13a (a, the) abuse, affront, disfavor, disgrace,
dishonor, humiliation, infamy, insult, shame; (to be) abused, demeaned, demeaning, disgraced,
disgraceful, defiled, humbled, insulted, reviled; soiled, spotted, stained; (to) abuse, bring shame,
condescend, defile, demean, despise, humiliate, revile, shame (s, ed, ing)
ruo4 Ŭ3126 777a 140+5 06e (to be) quite, quite like, such, so, close enough,
equal of/to; the same/as good as; concordant, compliant, in sympathy with; as (by, for, if, such,
to, much); like (this/that); just/much/same as/like (one); may/might as well be; if, as if,/though,
supposing (that), had/if/were it/they, were (there), if there was/were; such, thus, like this; (to)
assume; accord with, conform to, (may, might) appear/seem/look (like, so, to be); agree with/to;
resemble (s, ed, ing); assuming/if ... were; so ... looking, so ... like; (a, the) agreement, approval,
compliance, meetness; likeness, similarity; in sympathy with; considered thus, accordingly; this,
this/that one; same; (of) these, similar, kind, such, sorts, the like, them; this one, that one; and, or,
if, then; alike, equally, similarly; (one) sometimes; -like, -ly, -ish, -wise; (often positioned as a
suffix)
ruo4 Ɖ3128 1123a 57+7 03j (to be) deficient, delicate, feeble, fragile, frail,
gentle, helpless, infirm, pliant, soft, tender, vulnerable, weak, yielding, young; a little short of; (a,
the) softness, weakness, weak constitution; (to) mellow, relax; enfeeble, weaken; consider/treat
as weak (s, ed, ing)
san1
5415 648a 1+2 11a (a, the) three, trinity, triad, threesome, triplet;
three times, triple, threefold, third; a few, several, many; for three; for the third time; thir-
sha1 Ǜ5615 319d 79+7 31k (to) clip, cut (up), decapitate, destroy, eradicate,
execute, exterminate, kill, murder, put to death, sacrifice, slaughter, slay; abate, decrease,
diminish, pare off/down, reduce, weaken (s, ed, ing); (a, the) death, dying, execution, homicide,
killing, loss of life, manslaughter, murder, slaughter, slaying; executioner, killer, slayer; very,
exceedingly, furiously; -cide
shan4 ȭ5657 205a 30+9 02c (to be) able, adept, admirable, apt, best, better,
capable, clever, competent, excellent, expert, fine, good, great, handy, meritorious, perfect, right,
skilled, skillful, virtuous, whole, worthy (at/to/for); familiar/intimate with; (a, the) ability,
excellence, expertise, skill, talent, goodness, improvement, merit, reform, virtue (of); (to)
condition, educate, excel (at), familiarize (with), improve, repair, put in order, treat well, make
good/better, perfect, reform; admire, approve, praise (s, ed, ing); well-; ably, firmly, properly,
skillfully; A much broader term than ethical good.
shang4 5669 726a 1+2 08a (to) rise (up, over, above); (bring, go, hand) up;
climb, lift, mount, raise, add to, rise (up); go up; surmount, surpass, stand above/over; ascend,
elevate, improve, uplift, rate highly, exalt, esteem highly, prefer, place above/over, wish for (s,
220
ed, ing); (to be) above, across, aloft, ascendant, atop, at the top, before, best, better, brought up,
elevated, eminent, exalted, excellent, exceptional, first, foremost, high, higher, highest, high
in/on/upon, improved, lifted, lofty, most, on high, on top of, over, prior, raised, rising, superior,
supreme, admirable, top, up, uplifted, upon, on, up on, upper, uppermost, utmost; -ier, -iest; in
chief; (a, the) apex, elite, height, leader, one above, superior, peak, pinnacle, priority, priorities,
summit, those above, top, top of, upper part; upward(s), upwardly
shen2 ƚ5716 385j 113+5 06a (a, the) deity, divinity, essence, genius, genii,
gods, soul, spirit, spirit power; appearance, expression; energy, mind, nerves; (to be) divine,
extraordinary, inscrutible, marvelous, medicine (adj), sacred, spiritual, supernatural, wonderful;
(to) deify
shen1 ß5718 386a 158+0 07e (a, the) being, body, embodiment, entity,
existence, hull, incarnation, individual, individuality, life, lifetime, person, self, selfhood, torso,
trunk; (to be) corporeal, embodied, individual, personal; I, me, we, you, oneself; my, your, one’s
(being, body, life, self); -self, -selves; (to) embody, personify (s, ed, ing)
shen4 Š5724 658a 99+4 21k (to be) exceeding, excessive, extreme, great,
most, much, profound, superlative; so, too, very; to a great extent, in a high degree; more
(important) than; exceedingly, excessive, extremely, greatly, mostly, profoundly
sheng1 n5738 812a 100+0 02e (to) exist, live, flourish, thrive; arise, be born,
develop, grow, originate, rise (from); (be)come alive; bring/come/spring forth; bear, beget,
breed, create (life), give birth, produce, quicken, send (up, out, forth) (s, ed, ing); (to be) alive,
fertile, fresh, green, new, novel, raw, unrefined, unripe, vital; raised, reared, bred; (a, the)
activity, being, birth, creation, development, existence, growth, (new) life, lives, living, lifetime,
livelihood, origin(s), means of living, vitality; of birth, of life
sheng4 ɠ5753 835z 128+7 02k (to be) consecrated, divine, holy, intuitive,
perceptive, reverent, sacred, sagacious, sagely, saintly, wise; (a, the) holiness, piety, reverence,
sacrednes, sagacity, wisdom; piousness, sanctimony; sage; wisdom’s; [combining spiritual,
moral and intellectual virtues]
sheng4 Ȅ5754 893p 19+10 31j (to) beat, best, conquer, control, defeat, excel,
overcome, overwhelm, subdue, succeed, surpass, triumph, vanquish, win; bear, equal, sustain;
have upper hand, have advantage over; be worthy of (s, ed, ing); (to be) adequate, competent,
successful, triumphant; equal to, superior to, capable of; up to the task; (a, the) ability, conquest,
mastery, success, victory; triumph, victor
shi3 ç5770 975n 9+6 03b (to) act, allow, apply, cause, employ, enable,
ensure, encourage, grant, help, keep, let, make, use; concentrate, focus, direct, take
charge/control; assign, charge, command, delegate, dispatch, dispense with, send, summon;
indulge in, suppose that (s, ed, ing); (a, the) commission; envoy, messenger; if, were; given that,
so that; shi bu: let not, prevent
shi3 ú5772 976e' 38+5 01e (a, the) beginning(s), birth, start, conception,
commencement, genesis, onset, origin, outset, precursor, source; (at, from, in) (the) beginning,

221
first, outset, start; (to) begin, commence, initiate, originate, renew, start (out), (s, ed, ing) (with);
(to be) early, first, fresh, new; after, after this, then; as soon as, from now on
shi4 ä5787 971a 6+7 02k (a, the) activity, affair, assignment, business,
busyness, challenge, concern, duty, effort, endeavor, engagement, event, function, involvement,
job, matter, mission, office, occasion, occupation, problem, project, responsibility, service,
trouble, undertaking, task, work; case, fact, matter, subject, phenomena(on), thing; official,
delegate, servant, functionary; work to do, work to be done; matter/task (s) at hand; sacrifice; (to)
attend to, do business, carry out, get involved, help, manage, serve, tend to, try, wait upon, work
(for); make/take effort/trouble; engage in ... activity, make ... effort (s, ed, ing); (to be) engaged
(in), hands on, occupied
shi4 Ŗ5794 866a 72+5 02k (and) so it is (that), (it) is (...) that, true; (and) so
there/one/they is/are/will be; certainly, indeed, surely, truly; to be this; to be right; in
actuality/fact/truth; it is truly; it, that, thus, this, these, such, there (is, are) (indeed); to be, be this;
it is (a, an); is to be; itself is, such is, what is; to this; (to be) absolute, certain, correct, exact,
positive, right, sure, true; such, thus, this, which (is/may be/might be); correctly, (a, the)
certainty, right(ness, eousness); (is, are, may) actually, correctly, exactly, positively, precisely,
rightly, truly, in truth (be); yes; that ...
shi1 \5806 402a 37+2 13f (to) dismiss, disregard, err, fail, forget, forgo, go
back on, give up, let go of, (let) slip, lose, lose control (of), miss, neglect, omit, relinquish; break,
depart, deviate, escape, stray (from), (s, ed, ing); (to be) lost, off, out of; (to have) left, lost,
forgone, forsaken; (a, the) defect, deficit, disregard, error, failure, fault, lack, heedlessness, loss,
mishap, mistake, negligence, omission
shou3 “5844 1099a 40+3 05j (to) defend, guard, maintain, protect, ward off,
watch (over); adhere to, attend to, grasp, hold (onto); await, keep, observe, remain, retain, stay,
stick (in/to/with), wait for; (s, ed, ing); (a, the) charge, fortification, guard, observance, post,
prefect, territory, turf; self-control; territory in someone's guard; (to be) guarded, under guard
shu2 ƿ5893 1026a 39+8 15t who?, whom?; what/which person? what,
where, how many, how much?; where is the?; which (one) is?
si3 ž5589 558a 78+2 06a (a, the) death, demise, dying, end, mortality,
passing; (to) die, die for, pass on, perish (s, ed, ing); (to be) deadly, fatal, mortal; dead,
inanimate; closed, firm, fixed, inert, obstinate, stubborn, unchanging; dull, stupid; death-
sui1 ˩5519 575v 172+9 26e although, though, even (if, for, though, with,
when, where); (it, this) may be; though (it, this) be, in spite of; however, if, only, still; supposing
(that); (to) dismiss (s, ed, ing); (to be) even
sun3 ɓ5548 435a 64+10 42j (to) belittle, chastise, cut (back), criticize, cut
down to size, damage, decrease, destroy, diminish, dwindle, economize, harm, injure, lessen,
lose, reduce, spoil, subtract, trim, weaken, wound (s, ed, ing); (a, the) concentration, contraction
decrease, detriment, diminution, loss, reduction; (to be) concentrated, contracted, decreased (by),
diminished, lessened, reduced, taken from, weakened; detrimental, disadvantageous

222
suo3 Ĉ5465 91a 63+4 07b (a, the) (right & proper) cause, place, reason (to
be, of, for, to); agent, direction, function, grounds, means, origin, purpose, position, role, way
(of, for, to); home, location, locus, residence, situation, spot; some(one/thing) who, what, which,
whom, such, these, those who (are), that which (is), what(so)ever is, are the; whereof, where,
whereby; by which; of this, this way; would so; certain, specific; (to) serve (as, for, in, to); on
purpose, purposefully; where ... belongs; meant to be; where-; -where, -hoods; the place where/to
tian1 16361 361a 37+1 01e (a, the) (material) heaven(s), cosmos,
firmament, (higher/divine) nature, sky, skies; empire; the great above, providence; (to be)
celestial, divine, heavenly; great, immense, natural, overhead, superior; imperial; of heaven/the
sky; heaven’s, the sky’s; (the heaven of the astronomers but considered sacred, the clockworks or
higher order)
tong2 …6615 1176a 30+3 01k (to) agree, assemble, assimilate, affiliate,
associate, belong, come together, commune, partake in, conform to, congregate, converge,
concur, gather, harmonize, identify, join, make uniform, share, unite (s, ed, ing) (in, with, to); (to
be) alike, all, as one, colloquial, concordant, conforming, consensual, equal, identical, identified,
in the company of, like minded, one, one with, similar, the same, together with, unanimous,
united; (a, the) community, assembly, associates, association, colleagues, (-ies of), agreement,
convergence, fellowship (with), meeting, joining, gathering, harmony, identity, oneness,
partners, sameness, unity, union; of the same ...; fellow ...; simultaneously, concurrently; and,
with, as well as
wan4 ɛ7030 267a 140+9 01f (a, the) ten thousand, myriad, host; (to be)
countless, many, numerous; all, all of the; wholly; absolutely, positively
wang2 F7037 739a 96+0 16o (a, the) king, lord, leader, prince, sovereign,
ruler; founder, authority (s); rule(ership), royalty, sovereignty; epitome; command, dominion;
(to) be king over, govern, rule (s, ed, ing); (to be) grand, great, kingly, princely, regal, royal,
sovereign; (the) sovereign’s, king’s, ruler’s
wei2 ş7059 27a 87+8 02a (to) accomplish, act (as, as if, as though, like,
for, out), achieve, adopt (as), assume (to be), attend, augment, behave (as), be as, become (as),
bring about, cause, conduct, consider (as, to be), constrain, construct, construe (as, to be), create,
develop, do, effect, elaborate (up)on, form, function (as), handle, help, improve, make, manage,
manifest, perform, play the part/role (of), practice, presume, presuppose, produce, reconstruct,
regulate, regard (as), remake, reproduce, restore, serve (as), set up, take (as, to be), take action,
work (as), work at; interfere, meddle (with) (s, ed, ing); (to be) like, (as)(if, though); as if/though
it/they was/were; productive (of); created, developed, formed, made, produced, shaped, turned
(as, to be, into); for the sake of, on behalf of; were, became; as being, as it were, is in being; (a,
the) accomplishment, achievement, action, activity, active part, assumption, behavior, doings,
management, performance, posture, practice, production, pursuit (of), workings; artifice, agenda;
interference, meddling; in the role of; on ... account; take ... action; in order to, on account of, for
the sake of, because of; whereby, wherefore, wherewith; about, as, by, for, of, to (being). To
assume a pre-existing form through which one behaves, to per-form.
223
wei2 Ʒ7064 575i 30+8 02q (to) answer directly/promptly; assent, say yes,
hold/tie together; (to be) alone, mere, simple, solitary, unique; (a, the) answer, consent, echo,
reply; inasmuch/insofar as; to the degree/extent that; just, in truth, merely, only; readily, simply,
solely, truly, verily, (being); the epitome of; and, with, but; (definite, ready, simple) yes
wei4 š7069 573a 102+4 15i (a, the) apprehension, awe, deep reverence,
dread, fear, heed, respect, terror (of/for); (to be) awesome, dreaded, dreadful, feared, fearsome,
majestic, terrifying; afraid, awed by, awestruck, fearful, heedful, in fear, wary (of); (to) dread,
heed, fear, respect, revere; be/stand in awe of (s, ed, ing)
wei4 ˓7079 523d 149+9 01m (to) address, admit, assume, call, be called,
claim, comment, cry, declare, deem, describe, designate, exclaim, know as/to be, mean,
maintain, name, proclaim, refer to, regard as, say, signal, signify, speak (of), state, style, suggest,
tell (of, that), term (s, ed, ing); to assign name or meaning; (a, the) attribute, distinction,
designation, meaning, name, sense, signature, style, significance, title; (to be) called, known as,
likened to, named, regarded as, styled
wei4 e7114 531a 75+1 20h (to be, is, are, has, have) not yet, less than, still
not, yet to (be), as yet (no, not, nothing), short/shy of, still (have) (no, not, short of); not now,
now not, (even) before, prior to, without, lacking, incomplete; not (yet) ready (to); never (a), will
never be; do/did/has/have not; (to) lack, come up/fall short (in, with, of); still not be, remain less
than (s, ed, ing); if not yet; negation; no ... yet, has no ... yet, not ... yet, has not ... yet; still/as yet
un-; in-, un-; incompletely
wen2 ʓ7142 441f 128+8 14c (to) detect, hear, learn, listen; convey, declare,
inform, make known, report, state, transmit (about, of, to) (s, ed, ing); (to be) noticed, heard,
noticeable; mine; small; (a, the) hearing, inquiry; fame, notoriety, reputation, rumor; in earshot;
self
wo3 Å4778 2a 62+3 17i I, me, we, us; my (own), our (own); myself,
ourselves
wu2 ȡ7180 103a 86+8 01e (to be, being, is, am, are, will be, exists,
remains) (has, have, had, having, with) (do, does, did) (there is/are/will be) (it/this/these is/are)
no, not, nothing, never, rarely, seldom, no longer, without, with no; but (no, not); there, this,
these (is, are) no, not, nothing (of); not (a, the); (to be) absent, gone, non-existent; destitute,
wanting, in vain; lacking in; free of/from; avoided, devoid, void, deprived, regardless, instead
(of), rather than, despite; not much, no longer; not being; (the) least, minimum, (so, very) little;
no matter; no ... done; neither ... nor, whether ... or not, without ... or; (to) (simply) lack, want;
avoid, escape; not have, find/leave/use no; own/possess/have no/less/fewer; do no, not do, do
nothing to (s, -ed, -ing); (will, would) not (be); do(es) not exist; were there no; has/have gone off;
will/would not be(come); (a, the) absence/lack/want of, avoidance of; nothing, emptiness, non-
being/existence, no-thing-ness; un-, ill-, im-, in-, dis-, de-, non-; -less; don't, do not; uf wu2,
7173, 106a, 71+0.
wu2 µ7188 58f 30+4 04k I, we; me, us; my, our; (to) defend, impede,
resist
224
wu4 Ĝ7209 503h 93+4 01f (a, the) article, being, circumstance, content,
creature, entity, existence, goods, item, matter, object, other, phenomenon, reality, product;
property, quality, class, sort; some being, some thing, substance, thing, thingness (s); (the)
creation; reality; variety (of), all living beings, creatures, things (in general);
objective/outer/outside world, affairs of (the, this) world; (to) exist; sort, classify
xi1 *2414 1241d 12+2 04c a pause, ..., -; here, indeed; interjection, alas!,
oh!; how ... !, so ... !, such ... !, what ... !; such ... -ity, -ness
xi1 À2416 549a 50+4 14d (to be) (very) brief, far between, few, loose, not
many, precious, rare, scarce, scattered, spare, thin, uncommon; faint, inaudible; curious, strange;
(a, the) ... -ity, -ness; much, very; (to) hope/strive/wish for; pause, cease; anticipate, expect (s, ed,
ing); rarely, seldom
xia4 2520 35a 1+2 02a (to be) below, beneath, down, down below,
downward, fallen, falling, sunken, under, underneath, within, at the base / bottom / foot of; less,
little; mean, base, basic, common, down, down to, down here, here below, humble, inferior; low,
(most) lowly, lower, lowest; submissive, subordinate, (to) go, hand, fall, lay, lower, pass, put,
take (down); condescend, bow, descend, drop, deposit; fall, sink, subject, subordinate; remain
below (s, ed, ing); (a, the) basic(s), bottom, depth, descent, downfall, humility, inferior,
subordinate, subject, underling; those below; downward(s); down-
xian1 ~2702 478a 10+4 04 l (a, the) beginning, past; ancestor, precedent,
first, leader, predecessor, source; (to) begin, lead (in, with); come before/first, go
before/first/ahead of, initiate, precede, take precedence, walk before, (s, ed, ing); (to be)
advanced, ahead of, ancient, ancestral, before, early, earlier, elder, first, founding, foremost,
former, in advance, in front of, initial, leading, prior (to), original, precedent, primal; beforehand,
formerly, initially, originally, previously; deceased, late, past; drawn, led, preceded; in the
beginning, at first, in advance
xiang1 ť2562 731a 109+4 02e (to be) complementary, cooperative, mutual,
correlative, reciprocal, reciprocated, shared; (a, the) complements, cooperation, correlates,
mutuality, reciprocity; countenance, appearance, posture, bearing, looks; (to) appraise, examine,
inspect, look at, see, select; aid, assist, complement, cooperate, encourage, help, reciprocate (s,
ed, ing) (each other); each other, each other’s; to/from each other, to/from one another; mutually,
reciprocally; as complements, between them, together
xiao3 2605 1149a 42+0 32b (to be) average, common, diminished,
homogeneous, humble, insignificant, lesser, light, little, low(ly, er, est), mean, mediocre, minor,
minute, modest, ordinary, slight, small(er, est), petty, tiny, trifling, trivial, unimportant, young(er,
est), minimal; (a, the) commonness, homogeneity, littleness, meanness, mediocrity, pettiness,
smallness; commonly, ordinarily; in detail; some small, of little, a little; for a short (time, while);
(to) diminish, minimize, shrink, belittle; does not imply bad or wrong, but sometimes inferiority.
xin1 82735 663a 61+0 03f (a, the) heart, mind; affection, conscience,
desire, disposition, emotion, feeling, idea, intention, moral nature, motive, reason, sense, thought,
will; center, core, middle(s); (to be) ...hearted, ...minded; (a, the) heart’s, mind’s, conscience’s
225
xin4 ı2748 384a 9+7 08i (a, the) assurance, belief, comprehension,
confidence, collateral, conviction, credence, credibility, credit, credulity, (good) faith,
faithfulness, reliance, relaibility, sincerity, security, token, trust, pledge, promise (in, of), word of
honor, truth(fulness); evidence, indication, message, sign, symptom; (to) believe (in), confide,
rely (on, upon), count on, trust (in) (s, ed, ing); (to be) assured (of), believed, consistent,
confident, convincing, credible, faithful, honest, reliable, sincere, true, trusted, truthful, sure (of),
trusting; indeed, surely, truely; (similar to fu2, 1936, but a little more abstract)
xing2 ª2754 748a 144+0 02 l (to) advance, go (forward, forth), circulate,
come and go, develop, go about, journey, keep pace, lead, make progress, march, move (about,
on, forward), pass (by), proceed, progress, set (out, forth), step (forward), take steps, travel,
wander; act, behave, conduct oneself, do, carry out, enact, function, mobilize, take action,
practice, perform, walk, wander; happen, occur, come to pass, develop, further, prevail (s, ed,
ing); (to be) acting, active, advanced, done, carried out, functional, gone, mobile, moved
(forward), moving, on the move, passed, practiced, practicing, prevalent; adequate, capable,
competent, good enough, makeshift, temporary, viable; (a, the) (this, such) (in) act(ion, ivity),
advance, adventure, behavior, capacity, conduct, course, deed, development, endeavor,
engagement, function, going, initiative, journey, manner, march, move, (forward) motion,
movement, moving, natural power, occurence, passage, passing, practice, procedure, process,
progress(ion); course, journey, road, street, path, step, way
xuan2 k2881 366a 95+0 01m (to be) abstruse, dark, deep, hidden, mysterious,
mystic(al), obscure, occult, profound, secret, somber, subtle; black, indigo; meditative, silent; (a,
the) depth, mystery, profundity, subtlety; deeply, mysteriously, profoundly, subtly
yan1 Ǥ7330 200a 86+7 02m here, herein, place here; there, therein, thereon,
in that situation; within; now; among/at/by/in/from/on it/this/that/them/these; and so, so that;
how?, where?. why?
yan2 Ú7334 251a 149+0 02 l (a, the) (written) character, chatter, critique,
criticism, discussion, expression, gossip, language, oratory, reference, rumor, speech, statement,
talk, word (s); talk (of); speaker, talker, orator; adage, dictum, idea, maxim, opinion, proverb,
saying, theory; things to say, something to say; (to) address, advise, chatter, communicate,
describe, discuss, express, gossip, mean, opine, praise, preach, say, speak, talk, tell (of, about),
verbalize (s, ed, ing); (to be) said, spoken; thus, there, and so; -spoken, -verbal; verbally
ye3 7312 4g 5+2 03m final particle; also, and, as, even, if, just, only,
still, when, while, with; such is/are; just so, plain, simple; a little, at all, completely, entirely,
especially, here, indeed, of all, period, some, itself; a pause, as Xi1 (2414); used to denote the
end of a complete thought or to give a pause of emphasis to a word or phrase. A period sign.
yi3 2930 977a 49+0 02b (to) restrained, refrain cease, close, complete,
conclude, culminate, achieve, decline, desist, end, finish, quit (doing), reject, dismiss, rest, show
restraint, stop; have (had) enough, bring ... to an end, put ... down, set ... aside (s, ed, ing) (this);
(a, the) closure, completion, conclusion, end(s), excess, fulfillment, rest, satisfaction; (to be)

226
completed, done, enough, finished, past, beyond; already, too, definitely, completely; no more,
that is all, there already, already there; the past tense
yi3 J2932 976b 9+3 01h (a, the) how, instrument, means, method, way
(of/to), use (of); cause, intention, motive, purpose, reason, usefulness (for/of/to); (to) use (as, by,
in, for, with, to); make (use of); utilize; take (advantage of); apply, try (as, in, to); act (by, with);
avail of; employ (as, in, for, to); serve, help (as, in, for, to); (thereby) become, come (from/to),
follow; resort, reach, extend, lead; approach, consider, deal with, deem, mean, regard, take, think
of/about, treat (as); profit by, benefit from; (s, ed, ing); by (using, taking), by (way, means) of, by
that which, by such means; for (in, this; the purpose/sake of), useful for; with, with which (to),
with (this, these); along with, together with; of, out of, the use of; through, through which,
through using, through the use of; (in order/serving) to, to be/have; (and) accordingly,
consequently, therefore, thus, thereby, therewith, since (it is, they are), because/on account (of),
wherefore, on the ground(s) of which, from/out of this, due to; according to, in accord with;
although, though; until, until one can, when, where; inasmuch, insofar as; is on the way to; into,
before, behind, out of, into; it, itself, that; (to be) beneficial, profitable, useful (in/for/to); as (if)
(a, the) (way, means) (to); (it, which) serves to; so as to; how, that, in this way, why
yi3 Ô2938 976l 111+2 31m an intensifier; alone, as such, especially, indeed,
in truth, just (so), merely, only, plainly, simply, truly, really; at present, now, at all, period, done;
itself, of itself, by itself; as is, as it is, as they are, in simplicity; is supposed to, is expected to;
may; if, when, here, in this; here?; ... ?; the truly ..., such ..., what ..., how ...; so (very) ..., only ...,
merely ..., simply ..., truly ..., really ..., actually ..., surely ... (!); is this?; so?; (to be) plain,
simple; completely, entirely; at least, certainly, especially, surely, truly; similar to Yi3, 2930,
past tense.
yi4 Ď2952 850a 72+4 02f (to be) amiable, at ease/leisure, easy, lenient,
light, natural, pleased, naturally given, relaxed, relaxing, simple, spontaneous, versatile;
complacent, indifferent, inattentive, lax, negligent; in process; (to) change, exchange, consider
easy, ease, relax, transform, transpose, permute, alter (s, ed, ing); (a, the) change, complacency,
ease, exchange, facility, laxity, leisure, permutation, process, simplicity, spontaneity,
transformation, versatility; easily; in the exchange, in the process
yi1
3016 394a 1+0 10a (a, the) one; integrity, oneness, uniformity,
union, unit, point, unity, whole (of), wholeness; an instance, one time; (to be) first, lead, single,
simple, whole; alike, identical, the same; single-hearted, devoted (to) integrate, unify, unite (into)
(s, ed, ing); as soon as, once; uniquely
yi4 x3021 800a 8+4 23m (and) also, then, only, further, so, still; yet, too,
moreover, furthermore, likewise, after all; truly, really, especially, surely, actually, precisely,
sufficiently; but, but still, true but, yet, besides, while, however, nevertheless; even more, more
than ever, still more; reciprocally, similarly; in turn; what ...; such ...
yi4 Ƙ3052 849a 108+5 42j (to) add, advance, augment, benefit, enrich,
expand, fill (up), further, gain, give, grant, grow, increase (by), progress, promote, profit,
reinforce, replenish, restore, strengthen (to) (s, ed, ing); (a, the) addition, advantage,
227
augmentation, benefit, enrichment, expansion, gain, gift, grant (of), surplus, overflow, increase,
profit, value; (to be) beneficial, gainful, profitable, increased, advantageous, augmented,
progressive, restorative, useful; expansive, rich; additionally, more, all the more, expansively,
further, increasingly; more and more
ying2 Ť7474 815a 108+4 04b (to) complete, exceed, overtop, fill (up), overfill,
pile up, overflow, (over)replenish, (over)satisfy, wax (s, ed, ing); (a, the) abundance,
excess(iveness), fulfillment, (over)fullness, overflow, overplus, replenishment, satisfaction,
surfeit, surplus; (to be) (too) full (of), fulfilled, filled with, overly full; abundant, brimming,
flooded, overflowing, replenished, satisfied, superfluous; enough, more than, much, too much,
overmuch, in/to excess, to satiety; (at, when) full; over-
yong4 o7567 1185a 101+0 04a (to) use, utilize make (use of); act, apply, avail
of, carry out, direct, do, effect, employ, execute, exploit, make, operate, rely (on, upon), take
(advantage), try, wage, work with; engage (in, to, with); (put into) practice, put to use; function,
perform (as); advance, consecrate, dedicate, offer, offer in sacrifice, sacrifice, present, give;
expend, spend, send (by, for, in, with, to) (s, ed, ing); (to be) applied, employed, made (use of),
used, tried (by, for, in, with, to); available, applicable, functional, helpful, productive, practical,
reliable, useful (by, for, in, with, to); (was, were) used, made, made use of, employed, applied;
(a, the) application, aptitude, efficacy, employment, function, method, operation, practice,
practicality, use, usage, usefulness, utility (in, of); implement, tool, utensil, mean (s) (to, for);
dedication, consecration, offering, presentation, sacrifice (to); expense, exertion, outlay, work,
(of); practitioner, strategist; with, using, of, by (way means) of; for, to, so as to; hence, because
of; thereby, therewith, hereby, herewith, whereby, thereupon; thereon, on (this, that) occasion;
(in) (the) use, practice, operation, application (of); -ist
you3 ›7533 995o 74+2 01f (to) be, (in) being; (there, one, it, this, they,
those) is, am, are, was, were, being, has, have, had, has/have been, will be, come(s) to be; (there
is) one, someone, something; exist, remain, stay (s); become, arise, appear, grow, attain to, learn
to be, turn into; (there) will, would, could, may, might, can (be); (this) will get; (if there) is, are,
was, were; (were) there, one, it, they; have, (in) having; (one, that, they) has, have, had; has
one’s, have their; had (one’s, their); contain, hold (onto), keep, maintain, own, retain, possess,
stay; presume, assume, remember, take ... for granted; will have, (one they) (will, could, might,
may) have; bring (up, about); get, achieve, acquire, attain, capture, claim, earn, find, gain, learn,
take on; seize, take (possession of) (s, ed, ing); (to be) present, there; in possession of, possessed
of, with; contained, held; abundant, rich, plentiful; (a, the) attainment, claim, possession (of);
being, existence, presence; domain, dominion (in, over); what exists/is there; the, this, this one,
the one in question; something; anybody, somebody, someone (’s); given this/that, this (being)
given; of, about, with, for; His (especially of the sovereign), his, her, its, their; will, would ...
with, to, for; -ing, -ous
yu2 ʾ7608 82 l 184+7 20o (to be) abundant, after, afterwards, ample,
excessive, extra, hoarded, leftover, lingering, more than (enough/sufficient), plentiful, remaining,
remnant, spare, stockpiled, superabundant, superfluous, surviving; (a, the) abundance, aftermath,
228
balance, excess, heap, leftovers, overplus, pile, rest of, remainder, remains, surfeit, surplus; (to)
linger (on), survive, put by a surplus, stock (up); the last (of)
yu3 ʕ 7615 89b 134+8 08h (to) accompany, ally, associate, band together,
collaborate, combine, consort, cooperate, coordinate, get along, go along, help, interact, join
(company), meet, partake, participate, share, side, take part, team up, work (in, with); approve
(of), allow, assist, help, back (up), dignify, endow, favor, give (to), grant, offer, reinforce, hold,
serve, support; compare to/with (s, ed, ing); (to be) along, together, in accord / concert /
conjunction (with); accompanied (by), alongside, in the company of, present at, compared
to/with, in relation to, concerted, joined, coordinated, collaborative, rich, shared; (a, the)
accompaniment, allowance, assistance, association, coalition, collaboration, company, concert,
conjunction, cooperation, help, relation, sharing, support, union, participation; as well as; with ...
help, with the help of; and, against, amidst, among, or, (along, together) with, to; an interrogative
particle, rhetorical question;
expression of doubt or surprise
yu2 Č7643 61e 70+4 08e (similar to Yu2, 7592): (to be) about, above,
across, after, against, along, amidst, among, as (to, from), at, atop, in, before, beside (s), between,
by, during, facing, for, from, in, inside, into, more than, nearing, of, on, on top of, out of, over,
than, through, throughout, to, towards, under, upon, when, while (on), with, within; up (on, to,
above); along/combined with; in place of, in the direction of, in a direction with respect to, with
respect to; referring, related, relative (to); the, this, these, those; with reference/respect to; as ...
as, so ... as; (to) go into, from, through; come from, for; proceed, face; compare/relate with/to;
enlarge (s, ed, ing)
yu4 ǚ7671 1202d 76+7 01g (to) covet, desire, intend, like, long, seek, want,
wish (for) (s, ed, ing); (a, the) appetite, avarice, craving, desire, discontent, expectation, hunger,
intention, longing, lust, motive, partiality, passion; (to be) amiable, genial; inclined, partial;
covetous, desirous, greedy, passionate; about to, on the point of
yue1 >7694 304a 73+0 14b (to) say, says, said, saying (that); assert, call
(out), claim, declare, designate, imply, mean, read, refer, remark, speak, suggest, talk, tell, vow,
avow, utter (of/about/to) (s, ed, ing); (to be) called, designated, named, referred to, said, spoken,
termed; so called; namely; thus, so, and so, hence; (so, thus) (it, this) is said, named, called; it is
said (that); thus said, spoken thus, thus spoken; such is
zai1 ļ6650 943v 30+6 20h here, indeed, in fact; now, currently, this day; (a,
the) admiration, surprise, wonder; (to) begin; (most) certainly, emphatically; indeed, really,
surely, truly; will ... ?; at all !; (how/so (very) / such / what) ... !; excamatory particle
ze2 ķ6746 906a 18+7 03o (to be) accorded, as a result/rule, deserved, due
(to), justified, principled, resulting from, warranted; (a, the) criterion, example, consequence,
given(s), guideline, law, measure, model, norm, (due) order, pattern, precedent, principle, reason,
regulation, rule, standard, system (s); consequence, result (of), order of things; (to) become,
come to be, deserve, entail, give rise to, imply, suggest, lead to, mean, imitate, merit, precede,
result in, warrant, (s, ed, ing); from having, since, but otherwise/beyond this; is then; (and, so)
229
(will) accordingly, after that, consequently, immediately, necessarily, normally, since, so,
subsequently, then, thereby, therefore, thereupon, thus, usually; will (then) be(come); and
consequent ... ; in accord(ance) with this; in that case/event, in due course/order; it follows that;
when ... happens/occurs; if ... then; given (that)/when/with ... then; but if, otherwise
zhe3 ĥ0263 45a 125+5 01k is, are (the) (one(s)/those who what, that which,
those which,); to be, become, come to be; to do, who do(es); in this/thus; the following, what,
who, whoever, that which, the one(s) who, those who, the others/people, somebody, someone,
(is, are, was, were, will be, will have been); it, this, that, which; (to) (may) imply, indicate, mean,
signify, suggest (that) (s, ed, ing); (to be) meant, indicated; is it/this; this is v; what
is/are/was/were/may be/might be v?; the/those v one(s) who; of them/these; -ers, -ly, -ish, -ism;
a nominalizer
zheng4 g0351 833j 77+1 08j (to be) accurate, appropriate, certain, consistent,
correct, ethical (in), exact(ing), formal, governed, honest, just, legal, moral, obedient, orderly,
precise, predictable, principled, proper, punctual, straight, straightforward, regular, right, ruled
(by), true, upright, upstanding, valid, (to) ascertain, confirm, correct, determine, govern, justify,
obey, order, rectify, regulate, resolve, (set) right, rule, straighten (out/up), uphold; stop at the
limit, keep the appointment, do right by, (be, stay) true to (s, ed, ing); (a, the) accuracy, justice,
correctness, correct behavior, integrity, government, measure, norm, obedience, order, precision,
principle(s), priority, rectitude (of), right, rightness, standard, model, truth, uprightness, validity,
(with) integrity, principle, uprightness; by right of; accurately, consistently, correctly, exactly,
rightly, rightfully, obediently, precisely, properly, uprightly, with rectitude; according to; during,
just
zheng1 ě0365 811a 87+4 03b (to) argue, come to blows, compete, contend,
debate, fall out, fight (over, about), strive, struggle, vie, wrangle (against); admonish, counsel;
pull in different directions (s, ed, ing); (a, the) argument, competition, conflict, contention,
dispute, quarrel, rivalry, strife; how?, why?
zhi1 Ģ0932 863a 111+3 02a (to be) acquainted, aware, cognizant, conscious,
familiar, informed, intimate, knowing, knowledgeable, learned, wise, perceptive, prudent,
understanding (of, with); (to) acknowledge, acquaint, comprehend, deem, feel, know, learn,
perceive, recognize, remember, understand; (take) note, notice; control, direct, operate; befriend,
wait on (s, ed, ing); (a, the) assumption, comprehension, discretion, erudition, grasp, knowledge,
prudence, recognition, sophistication, thinking, understanding, wisdom; friend, intimate,
familiar; consciously, knowingly, prudently, wisely
zhi4 ș0933 863b 72+8 03m (a, the) cleverness, craft, cunning, education,
intelligence, knowledge, learning, mental skill, prudence, sagacity, sophistication, wisdom; (to
be) aware of, bright, capable, clever, crafty, informed, intellectual, learned, prudent, right,
sagacious, smart, talented, wise; (to) feel, inform, know (s, ed, ing); intellectually
zhi1 !0935 962a 4+3 01e ...’s, ...s’; this, him, her, it, them; (to) have, has,
had, will have (had), come to have; get, hold, keep, maintain, possess, take (it, this, these); be,
(there) is, are, was, were, has/have been, become(s), will be, going to be, will have been (the, one
230
of, that of, those of) or (one to, this to, that to) or (one who, they who, those who, that which,
those which) or (for, to, in, of); come to, approach, arrive at, attain to, come into, extend to,
fulfill, go (to, towards), lead to/into, leave for, move to, proceed to, reach, resort to, result in,
verge on (having, being, coming, going); has/have come to be/have/hold; refer to, consider, hold,
regard (as, with) (s, ed, ing); (having, being, coming, going) (s, ed, ing); (is, are, was, were, will
be) about, among, around, as, at, by, during, for, from, in, of, on, over, since, through, to,
towards, when, with, within, (one’s, his, her, its, their) (own); or (one, him, her, it, this, that,
objects, a thing, things, something, them, they, these, the following, such, thus, same, here, what,
that which, this one, such a one, such as these, this one, the others, someone, somebody) or
(oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves); (a, the) outcome, result (s); (to be) resultant, final;
in regard to; is this? are these?; this/that to/for; as long as, finally; -ly; genitive and attributive
particle.
zhi4 §0982 413a 133+0 43a (to) attain, come, reach (to); arrive (at),
accomplish, approach, become, come to be/pass, come up to, complete, result in, consummate,
culminate, go as far as, succeed in, perfect (s, ed, ing); (to be) accomplished, approached, arrived
at, attained, best, complete(d), consummate(d), extreme, farthest, finest, fulfilled, greatest,
highest, most, perfect(ed), reached, realized, thorough, utmost, mature; adequate, suitable; (a,
the) apex, attainment, completion, consummation, end (of), optimum, outcome, prime, ultimate,
zentih; solstice, highest point, utmost; very, extremely, even, as far as, as much as, as long as, up
to, at best, until; at, to; -est
zhi2 ƽ0996 685a 32+8 14r (to) administer, apprehend, arrest, attend to, be
in charge of, capture, carry out, catch, control, detain, direct, engage in, execute, get, grasp,
guard, hold, keep, lay hold of, maintain, manage, obstruct, prosecute, retain, seize, shut,
superintend, take, take charge/control of, uphold; hold stubbornly to (s, ed, ing)
zhi4 ę1021 976z 85+5 03g (a, the) arrangement, government, jurisdiction,
leadership, management, order, organization, regulation, rule, rulership; peace under good
government; (to) administer, arrange, control, direct, govern, handle, manipulate, lead, manage,
(put in) order, organize, work with, regulate, compare, rule, train; cure, heal, treat; pacify,
punish, suppress (s, ed, ing); (to be) well-governed, in good order
zhong1 ǯ1500 1002e 120+5 23b (to be) carried to conclusion, everlasting,
complete, done, entire, eventual, final, finished, last, whole, utmost; all of, the whole of (it, this);
(a, the) closure, conclusion, consummation, death, end, ending, finality, finish, finale, goal, last,
limit, outcome, results, termination, terminus, whole of (s); (to) complete, (bring to an/the) end,
(will) end (in, with), conclude (with), finish, last (all, a whole, an entire, to the end), lead to,
outlast, persist, result in, end up, carry through, wrap up (s, ed, ing) (it, this); is finally, is at last,
is all of; (at, by, in, of, to, until) (an, the) end (of, to); all, all ... long, after all, at last, to the last,
to the end, eventually, ever, finally, throughout; completely, ultimately, definitely, indeed
zhong1 1504 1007a 2+3 05j (a, the) balance, center, concentration, core,
focus, heart, inside, interior, mean, median, medium, middle, midpoint, midst (of); midday,
noon; (the) balance point, stable point, point closest to all options; bullseye; (to be) accurate,
231
balanced, central, concentric, concentrated, correct, in balance, inner, mediated, neutral, on
target, right, tempered, true (to); average, mediocre, middling; amidst, among, between, in,
inside, intermediate, into, in progress; centered in at the core/heart of; halfway between, midway,
in the middle (of); (in, at) the center/midst of; within; proper, equilibrated, to the point; at mid-;
(to) balance, center, concentrate, focus, mediate, temper, true, hit the center, attain, accomplish
(s, ed, ing)
zhong4 Ŵ1509 1188a 166+2 26a (to be) critical, difficult, grave, grand, great,
heavy, important, loaded (down), massive, respectable, serious, severe, significant, substantial,
strong, weighty; (a, the) gravity, heaviness, massiveness, weight; (to) emphasize, feel the weight
of, heft, honor, ponder, respect, uphold, value, weigh; burden, oppress, weigh down; attach/give
importance to, secure respect for, think much of (s, ed, ing)
zhong4 Ǫ1517 1010a 109+6 01o (a, the) crowd, group, multitude, mass(es),
throng, large group/number (s); abundance; bulk, majority, rest, whole (of); (to be) abundant,
common, manifold, many, much, myriad, numerous; popular, public; all, all of, every,
everything, everywhere; every- (else)
zhu3 H1336 129a 3+4 26g (a, the) authority, command, control,
government, leadership, mastery; authority, better, chief, commander, head, host, leader, lord,
master, prince, princess, owner, ruler, superior, (one/person) in charge/power; (to) act as lord,
govern, lead, manage, officiate, preside (over), rule, take charge/control (of) (s, ed, ing); (to be)
authoritative, confident, free of doubt, masterful, principle
zi3 6939 964a 39+0 04k (a, the) babe, boy, child, son, daughter, disciple,
egg, fledgling, boy, girl, growing person, heir, infant, novice, officer, offspring, one, person,
people, prince, princeling, viscount, seed, son, student, young one/person, youth; posterity,
descendants; childhood; later a fourth grade of nobility, title of respect for a virtuous or learned
person, gentleman; (to be) young, of tender years; (to) treat as children; (a, the) (...) young one’s,
heir’s, disciple’s; -man, -men
zi4 ¦6960 1237m 132+0 07c by, from, of, out of, since, through; coming
(from, out of); commencing/starting (at, from, with); from within, originating (in, from), (by)
inherent, intrinsic; on its own; (to) begin, become by nature, follow, originate, start (from, in,
with) (s, ed, ing); (to be) immanent, independent, inherent, innate, intrinsic, native, natural,
original, personal, private, spontaneous; (a, the) beginning, consequence, ground, natural course,
naturalness, origin, root (of), self, outcome, result, source, spontaneity, starting point; certainly,
consequently, inherently, intrinsically, naturally, of course, originally, spontaneously; personally,
(of) one’s (own home); ...-self; self-; as, by, for, from, in, of, on, through, with ... one’s, my, our,
his, her, its, their ... (own) ... accord, nature, self, selves; as, by, for, from, in, of, on, through,
with ... oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, ourselves
zu2 Þ6824 1219a 157+0 17e (a, the) adequacy, basis, feet, foot, footing,
foundation, leg, stand, step, support, satisfaction, sufficiency, grounds (of, for); (to be) ample,
adequate, complete, full, (well, what is) enough, much (to satisfy), satisfied (with), sufficient,

232
supportive, worthy (of), able, competent, fit; (to) (s, ed, ing); sufficiently, fully, amply; as much
as, up to; can well ...
zuo4 ¯6780 806l 9+5 02m (to) act (acts, acted, act as), activate, appear,
arise, become, begin, come to be, create, compose; conduct, develop, do, emerge, flourish,
function, generate, happen, invent, make (makes, made, will make, will have made), manifest,
occur, perform, practice, produce, rise up, sacrifice, set in/to, start out, stand up, stimulate, stir
up, transact, undertake, write, work (at/on), do work, start working (s, ed, ing); (a, the) activity,
composition, creation, deed, function, operation, project, undertaking, work, workmanship; (to
be) aroused, at work, in action, working

233
 Characters Not In Glossary

Columns: Pinyin & tone, Mathews, Karlgren, Radical+Strokes;

Alternate Pronunciations, Partial List of Additional Meanings, Etc.
Yi means the character is found in the Yijing Matrix as well
Yi with a number means the character is found in the main Yijing Glossary

a1 0001 1m 170+5 ap e1; exclamation, yea, yeah

ai1 0003 550h 30+6 Yi sympathy, compassion, response
ai4 0009 508a 61+9 love, affection; cherish
an1 0026 146a 40+3 Yi 02.0 how, why; secure, peaceful
ao4 0046 1045a 37+10 mysterious; sw corner inside of house
ba2 4848 276h 64+5 Yi pull out; uprooted, withdrawn
bai4 4866 320f 66+7 Yi ruin, spoil, harm, damage, injure
bai2 4975 782a 106+0 Yi white, simply, obvious, plain
bao3 4946 1057a 9+7 Yi protect, guard, preserve, guarantee
bao4 4955 1058a 32+9 requite, respond, repay, reward
bao3 4956 1059a 40+17 gem, precious thing
bei1 4992 579u 61+8 sorrow, sad; mourning, grief, anguish
bei4 4999 25e 145+5 coverlet; wear, be subject to; passive voice
bei4 5000 999c' 9+8 double; -plex
ben3 5025 440a 75+1 Yi 28.T root, source, origin, basis
bi3 5077 566g 81+0 Yi 08.0 compare; comparable, analogous, similar
bi4 5092 412a 169+3 Yi closure; close, lock, fasten, secure
bi3 5093 25g 60+5 Yi that, those, the other
bi3 5095 983e 163+11 rustic peasant, yokel; vulgar
bi4 5101 341a 66+8 Yi poor, worn out, ragged, tired
bi4 5102 341e 55+12 spoil; wear out; corrupted, exhausted, impaired
bi4 5104 341h 140+12 hide, conceal, cover, shade, obscure
bi4 5107 853s 130+13 arm, forearm
bi4 5115 853d 96+13 jade tribute, large jade disk
bian4 5242 219e 160+14 Yi argument; sophisticated; argumentative
bin1 5259 389a 154+7 Yi guest, visitor; par respect, submit
bing1 5283 899b 15+4 Yi ice, frozen
bing4 5292 840b 1+7 Yi all, together, as one
bo2 4987 782r 85+5 ap bo4, po2,4; stop, rest, be at leisure, touch at
bo2 5322 771a 24+10 ample, erudite, broadly learned
bo2 5323 771d 64+10 seize, grasp, clutch at, strike
bo2 5326 771p 140+13 ap bao2; diminishment, sham, thin, shabby
bu3 5372 102c' 145+7 mend, amend, augment, add to
235
cai2 6662 943h 154+3 Yi wealth, riches; enrich, enhance, add to
cai3 6670 942a 120+8 colored, variegated, ornamented
cang1 6707 703a 9+8 granary, storehouse, stockpile
cang2 6718 727g' 140+14 Yi accumulate, hoard, conceal
cao3 6739 1049b 140+6 Yi grasses, plants; hasty, careless; rough, coarse
ce4 6760 868 l 118+6 tablet, device, tool, plan
ceng2 6772 884i 44+12 story, layer, level, tier
cha2 0111 337j 40+11 Yi examine, discover, discern
chai4 0124 326a 142+13 scorpion
chan2 5650 147b' 113+12 ap shan4; aloof, detached, meditative; relinquish
chao2 0233 1143a 74+8 court; see zhao1
chao1 0251 1131j 156+5 above, beyond; surpass, transcend, leap over
che1 0280 74a 159+0 Yi carriage, cart
che4 0285 286c 60+12 tithe; remove, take away, tax
che4 0288 286e 159+12 track of wheel, rut, precedent
chen2 0327 377a 131+0 Yi servant, retainer, underling
chen2 0328 374a 32+11 dust, dirt; worldly, mundane
chen2 0339 373a 170+8 spread out, display, expose, set forth
cheng2 0381 818h 149+7 honest, sincere, guileless
cheng1 0383 894g 115+9 Yi appraisal, style, denominate, declaration
cheng3 0395 817a 187+7 gallop, drive rapidly; overtake, run after
cheng2 0398 895a 4+9 Yi 03.2 rely on, avail of, mount
chi2 1034 4x 187+3 gallop, dash, go quickly, fast
chi2 1035 961p 64+6 uphold, support, maintain, manage, hold, grasp
chi3 1045 794a 44+1 foot; a measure
chi4 1048 793a 155+0 Yi naked, bare, pink
chong2 1519 1009c 142+12 insects, reptiles, animals
chong1 1523 1007p 85+4 empty, rinsed out; fluid, compliant; blend, infuse; rush
chong3 1534 1193p 40+16 Yi favor, glory, honor, sponsorship
chou2 1323 1090m 118+14 count, reckon, calculate, tally
chu2 1391 82m 170+7 Yi clear, clean, sweep; set aside, put away
chu2 1405 132a 140+4 cut grass, straw, hay; worthless
chu4 1412 1018a 102+5 Yi 09.0 care, provide for, nurture
chuai3 1422 168q 64+9 ap chui3; rough out, approximate, estimate
chuan1 1439 462a 47+0 Yi 05.0 stream, river, current
chui1 1476 30a 30+4 puff, whiff, blow
chun1 1493 463a 72+5 spring, springtime, vernal
chun2 5932 464e 85+8 ap shun2; pure, honest, genuine; to flow, soak
chuo4 1280 295e 159+8 rest, stop, cease, finish; interrupt, suspend; mend
ci2 6976 358p 104+5 blemish, flaw, fault, defect
236
ci1 6979 358f 172+5 ap ci2; female, feminine, of bird or animal
ci4 6980 555a 76+2 Yi next, further down; second rate, inferior; camp
ci2 6984 968a 160+12 Yi 42.6x ap si2; explain, instruct; deny, decline, refuse
cong2 6919 1191d 60+8 Yi 02.3 follow, track, pursue, adhere to
cui4 6882 296d 130+6 crisp, brittle, thin, delicate
cun2 6891 432a 39+3 preserve, continue, remain, persist, survive
cun4 6892 431a 41+0 (Chinese) inch
cuo4 6795 12c 64+7 blunt, suppress, push down, break, maltreat
cuo4 6834 798x 64+8 establish, place, put; manage; lay aside, cease
da2 5956 271b 162+9 reach, extend, carry out; way
dai4 5990 976 l' 78+5 danger, peril; end, limit; nearly, almost
dai4 5996 918i 9+3 substitute, stand in, replace; alter; instead of
dai4 6000 918p 154+5 ap tai4; allow, tolerate, pardon; lend; borrow
dai4 6005 315a 50+8 Yi wear on waist or belt; girdle, sash
dan4 6045 619n 85+13 tranquil, placid, content, calm; dull, insipid
dan4 6053 617o 85+8 indifferent, aloof, apathetic; insipid, tasteless
dang1 6087 725q 102+8 Yi 05.6x in, while; depend, rest, bear upon
dao4 6138 1133a 108+6 robber, bandit, thief; to rob, steal
deng1 6167 883e 105+7 Yi ascend, mount, climb, scale, mount
di3 6193 590d 75+5 root, foundation, base
di4 6204 877a 50+6 Yi 11.5 divine, celestial
di2 6221 877q 66+11 Yi opponent, rival, antagonist
di2 6229 1077x 85+11 wash, cleanse, purify, clarify
ding4 6393 833z 40+5 Yi arrange, determine, resolve, settle, steady
dong1 6603 1002a 15+3 winter
dong4 6611 1188m 19+9 Yi 47.6 active, energetic, moving
du2 6509 1016a 80+4 poison; poisonous, toxic; to recover from …
du3 6514 1019g 118+10 Yi sincere, genuine, reliable, solid
duan3 6542 169a 111+7 short, deficient, limited
dui4 6560 324a 10+5 Yi 58.0 passage, opening, exchange; satisfaction, joy
dun1 6571 484p 66+8 Yi honest, authentic, solid
dun4 6595 427h 85+4 confused, chaotic, muddy; torrent
duo2 6433 274a 37+11 Yi deprive, despoil, snatch, rob
er3 1744 981a 128+0 Yi ears, hearing
er3 1750 981h 184+6 ap er4, ni4; cakes; temptation, enticement, bait
er4 1751 564a 7+0 Yi 41.0 two, double, twice
er2 1759 873a 10+5 child, infant, baby, son
fa3 1762 642k 85+5 Yi exemplify; model, standard, law, style
fa1 1765 307a 9+4 Yi ap fa2; reduce, chastise, cut down
fa1 1768 275c 105+7 Yi go, grow, open up, show, issue, express
237
fan4 1777 626c 85+2 water overflowing, inundate, spread out
fan3 1781 262a 29+2 Yi 09.3 reverse, turn over, return
fang1 1802 740a 70+0 Yi 02.2 square, direction, directly, suddenly
fang1 1804 740q 38+4 hinder, oppose; impediment, interference
fei4 1847 500s 154+5 use, expend, waste; outlay
fei4 1848 275f 53+12 ruined, useless; remove, cast aside, abandoned
fen1 1859 471h 120+4 Yi knot, snarl, entanglement; mixed, confused
fen4 1875 472a 119+11 manure, dung, feces
feng1 1880 1197s 142+7 wasps, bees, hornets
feng4 1884 1197z 37+5 offer, receive w/2 hands, present, respect, serve
feng1 1890 625h 182+0 Yi 09.X wind, breeze, gust
feng1 1897 1014a 151+11 Yi 55.0 abundant, prosperous, luxuriant
fu4 1933 102a 88+0 father, progenitor
fu3 1942 102n 101+2 lineage, ancestry, beginning, father
fu3 1945 102v 159+7 Yi protect, help, assist
fu4 1952 933r 40+9 Yi 09.5 wealthy, rich, prosperous
fu4 1956 1000a 154+2 Yi carry on back, bear, sustain, support
fu2 1964 935a 9+4 Yi lie down, submit, hide, ambush, crouch, lurk
fu2 1978 933d 113+9 Yi 11.3 happiness, blessings, good fortune
fu2 1980 933j 159+9 Yi wheel spokes
fu2 1981 500a 57+2 Yi 13.4 without, with no, never, not able to
fu4 1993 1034m 146+12 Yi decline, dismiss; cover; overthrow, turn over
fu4 1994 1034h 130+9 Yi belly; inside, embrace
fu2 1999 934d 74+4 Yi 06.6x acceptance, consent, burden, service
gai3 3196 936a 66+3 Yi change, alter
gai4 3199 642q 108+6 cover, hide; now with/that, since for, because
gan1 3223 606a 99+0 Yi sweet, agreeable, voluntary
gang1 3268 697b 18+8 Yi 03.T firm, persistent, tough, hard, strong, odd
gao1 3290 1129a 189+0 Yi high, exalted, eminent, prominent
gao3 3291 1129k 75+10 ap kao3; dry, dried, withered, tough
ge4 3368 766a 30+3 Yi each, every, all
ge1 3380 314d 18+10 cut, reap, carve, divide
gen1 3328 416b 75+6 Yi root, base, cause, origin, trunk
gong1 3699 1172e 66+3 Yi overcome, work on/at; attack, assault
gong1 3701 1173a 12+2 Yi 14.3 public, common, official; palace; duke
gong1 3703 901a 57+0 (long)bow; length of measure
gong4 3709 1182c 12+4 ap gong3; all, the whole, collectively, together
gong3 3712 1182e 64+6 fold hands, bow; hold; filling two hands
gou3 3413 108d 94+5 Yi dog, term of contempt
gou4 3421 112d 32+6 ap gou3; dirt, filth, disgrace
238
gu1 3470 41c 39+5 Yi fatherless, orphaned, solitary, helpless
gu3 3486 486a 188+0 bone, frame
gu3 3490 1226i 115+10 Yi grain, corn, seed; luck; live
gu3 3491 1226j 159+10 nave, hub
gua3 3517 42a 40+11 Yi few, little, resourceless; diminish
guan1 3552 157a 40+5 Yi office, official, specialist
guan1 3571 187b 169+11 Yi barrier, frontier gate, obstruction
guang1 3583 706a 10+4 Yi 05.0 reveal, illuminate, exemplify; brightness, glory
guang3 3590 707h 53+12 extensive, broad, liberal, wide; enlarge
gui3 3634 569a 94+0 Yi ghost, disembodied spirit
gui4 3640 346k 18+13 cut, wound, injure, damage, harm
guo4 3730 18e 162+9 Yi 28.0 surpass, exceed, transgress; beyond
hai2 2005 937h 39+6 children, young; smile or laugh like child
hai3 2014 947x 85+7 sea, ocean; immense
hai4 2015 314a 40+7 Yi 14.1 injure, destroy, damage, harm
han2 2017 651 l' 30+4 Yi envelop, hold in mouth, bear, contain, cherish
han2 2048 143a 40+9 Yi cold, wintry, poor; chill
hao4 2062 1044a 38+3 Yi love to, want to, favor; ap hao3: good, well
hao4 2064 1041q 141+7 Yi 13.5 cry out, call, howl
hao2 2066 1129m 82+7 minute, infinitesimal, downy, hair
he1 2110 1j 30+5 ap ke2; expel the breath, laugh, scold
he1 2112 1k 149+5 scold, blame, ridicule, reprove
he4 2116 15j 154+5 congratulate, esp with gift or present
he2 2117 675a 30+3 Yi 01.T shut, close, unite, harmony, shared, couple
he2 2121 642s 169+10 close, cover, shut, hide; join; all, complete
he2 2125 313g 145+9 ap he4; coarse cloth, haircloth, homespun
hei1 2090 904a 203+0 black, dark, secret, mysterious; evil
hou2 2135 113a 9+7 Yi 03.0 marquis, lord archer, 2nd nobility title, target
hou4 2147 114a 27+7 Yi thick, substantial, generous, heavy
hu3 2161 53a 141+2 Yi tiger
hu4 2180 53a 63+0 Yi door, doorway, entrance; family
hu1 2196 503p 61+8 obscure, dim, vague, mysterious, confused
hua4 2211 19a 21+2 Yi 01.T transform, reform, change, influence, evolve
hua2 2217 44a 140+8 Yi flowers, blossoms, splendor, glory
huai2 2233 600c 61+16 Yi bosom, cherish, embrace, carry in heart
huan4 2240 159f 61+7 affliction, sorrow, suffering, distress; troubled
huan4 2252 167b 85+9 Yi 59.0 expand, melt, relent, give way, disperse
huan2 2261 256k 162+13 restore, repay, turn around, come back, recoil
huang1 2271 742e' 140+6 Yi wild, barren, uncultivated; waste; sparing
huang3 2276 706j 61+6 wild, mad, flurried, confused, evasive, elusive
239
hui1 2307 950b 61+6 ap kui1; vast, extensive, immense, liberal
hui3 2316 572a 142+3 venomous snake, viper, cobra
hui4 2333 527d 61+11 clever, intelligent; ingenuity, sophistry
hui1 2355 11f 170+15 destroy, overthrow, dismantle, break down
hui4 2357 571s 149+9 avoid, shun; taboos, restrictions, prohibitions
hun1 2359 457k 72+4 dark, confused; stupid; chaos, turmoil, gloom
hun2 2366 458b 85+8 turbid, dirty; mix, blend, merge, mingle
hun4 2371 417k 85+8 ap hun1, hun3; turbid, muddy, confused
huo4 2398 19c 154+4 goods, commodities, property
huo4 2399 18f 113+9 calamity, misfortune, suffering; cause misery
huo2 2401 302m 85+6 life, living; alive, mobile, versatile
huo4 2403 929q 61+8 mislead, delude, beguile; doubt, suspicion
ji1 0399 952g 32+8 Yi base, foundation, footing
ji1 0409 547a 52+9 Yi almost, nearly, on the point of; read subtleties; ji3 as ?
ji1 0417 547k 184+12 hunger, dearth, scarcity, famine, want; starve
ji4 0419 1x 40+8 reside in, live in, lodge at, inhabit
ji1 0427 552o 115+10 examine into, investigate, research, enquire
ji1 0428 876n 171+10 chickens, fowl, cock
ji3 0429 953a 49+0 Yi self; personal, private; him/herself, themselves
ji4 0430 953j 120+3 record, annals; course, track; order; remember
ji4 0432 953s 61+3 Yi fear, avoid, dread; superstition
ji4 0438 864j 9+4 talent, ability, cleverness, skill, cunning
ji4 0459 593o 85+14 Yi 63.0 cross a stream; complete, finish; aid, relieve
ji4 0465 337a 113+6 sacrifice, make offering, venerate, worship
ji2 0468 681a 29+2 Yi extend, reach, come up to, arrive at; when
ji2 0476 393a 30+3 Yi 01.7 good fortune, promise; opportune, timely
ji2 0486 911a 75+8 Yi thorns, brambles, briars
ji1 0500 868t 115+11 Yi amass, store up, collect, accumulate
ji1 0502 800g 157+6 traces, footsteps, track, vestige
ji4 0504 922b 115+10 Yi millet, grain
ji4 0505 1031 l 40+8 ap ji2; still, silent, quiet; repose
jia1 0580 15a 19+3 add to, increase, confer, attain, gain; advance on
jia1 0593 879n 9+6 beautiful, good, fine, superior, elegant
jia1 0594 32a 40+7 Yi 04.2 house, household, home; family
jia3 0610 629a 102+0 Yi armor, shield, shell, buffcoat; first, chief
jian1 0825 368c 32+8 Yi hard, durable, strong, steady, solid
jian1 0830 627a 12+8 Yi unite in one, connect, join, combine
jian1 0835 191b 169+4 ap jian4; interval, space between; in, during
jian1 0839 609a 108+9 inspect, oversee, examine, observe
jian3 0848 613e 9+13 Yi ap jian4; frugal, economical, temperate
240
jian4 0849 613i 18+13 (double-edged) sword
jian4 0853 249a 54+6 Yi establish, erect, found, set up
jian4 0856 249i 75+9 bar, bolt, lock of door; linch pin
jian4 0868 155n 154+8 Yi mean, low, worthless, common, base, cheap
jiang1 0638 1172v 85+3 large river, stream; The River
jiang4 0654 1015a 170+6 Yi dim descend, fall, drop, go down, send down
jiang4 0662 729a 22+4 workman, craftsman, artisan
jiao4 0685 1162c 30+13 call, wail, shout, cry out, ask for
jiao4 0686 1162d 60+13 ap jiao1,3; seek, strive for; boundary, distinction
jiao3 0687 1162b 106+12 white, dazzling, clear, bright, distinct
jiao1 0694 1138o 187+12 spirited horse, proud, haughty, arrogant
jiao1 0702 1166a 8+4 Yi 14.1 interact, communicate, interlace, join
jiao4 0713 1166b' 159+6 compare, test, examine, confront
jiao1 0714 1166n 163+6 Yi open spaces, frontier, horizon, outskirts
jiao4 0719 1167h 66+7 Yi ap jiao1 as verb; teach(ing), instruct(ion)
jiao3 1174 1225a 148+0 Yi ap jue2; horn
jie3 0626 861a 148+6 Yi 40.0 loosen, untie, resolve, get free; knot horn
jie4 0629 327a 9+2 Yi resolved; constraint, limit, boundary, border
jie2 0778 313r 117+9 dry up, run dry, run out; extreme effort
jie2 0782 393p 120+6 tie, make bond, unite, knot, bind, connect
jie2 0783 393j 149+6 inquire, examine, investigate, study, control
jin1 1053 651a 9+2 now, at this time, moment, present
jin1 1057 652a 167+0 Yi 04.3 metal, bronze, gold, coin
jin1 1058 445a 118+6 tendon, muscle, sinew; strong
jin3 1065 480e 140+8 yellow loam, clay
jin4 1082 381a 108+9 Yi utmost, entirely; exhausted, used up
jin4 1091 379a 162+8 Yi 20.3 enter, progress, advance, go ahead, promote
jin1 1115 369a 110+4 ap jing1; pity, feel for; esteem, venerate, respect
jing1 1116 808i 140+6 thorns, brambles, briars
jing4 1120 831f 60+7 byway, small path, short cut, shortest way
jing1 1140 813g 187+13 Yi alarm, frighten, startle; alarm warning
jing1 1149 812g' 119+8 essence of, essential, subtle; spirit, semen
jiu4 1192 1068a 30+5 Yi 01.3 mistake, fault, error, wrong, blame
jiu4 1193 1066m 66+7 save, deliver, relieve, aid
jiu3 1198 992a 5+1 Yi 51.2 nine, ninth
ju4 1560 96i 61+18 Yi fear, dread, care; frighten, deter; anxious
ju4 1563 803f 64+13 Yi receive, rely on, evidence; grasp, seize, snatch
ju3 1567 75a 134+10 raise, elevate, begin, lift up, promote, present
jue2 1690 301g 157+12 ap jue3; stumble, slip, fall, collapse
jue2 1703 296a 120+6 Yi cut off, break off, sever, discontinue
241
jue2 1705 778b 64+20 ap jue4, que2; prey; seize as raptor or predator
jun1 1722 458a 159+2 army, host, military; war, campaign
jun1 1724 391c 32+4 potter’s wheel; fairly, even, impartial; balance
kai1 3204 541a 169+4 Yi open, explain, begin, found, disclose
kang4 3276 698b 64+4 oppose, contend, resist; protect, defend
ke4 3320 903a 10+5 Yi 04.2 can, be able to, competent, adequate; overcome
ke4 3324 766d' 40+6 Yi guest, visitor, traveler, stranger
kong3 3720 1174a 39+1 great, important, very, greatly; opening, hole
kou3 3434 110a 30+0 Yi mouth, opening, aperture; palate, taste
ku1 3492 49t 75+5 Yi withered, decayed, dried
kua1 3526 43a 37+4 brag, boast; conceited; exaggeration, bombast
kua4 3531 43d 157+6 straddle, bestride, stretch; step over, pass over
kuang2 3601 739o 94+4 mad, foolish, rash, wild, insane
kuang4 3603 765g 85+5 Yi ap huang4; moreover, how much more
kuang4 3606 707o 72+15 open, expansive, spacious; waste, wilderness
kui1 3649 875d 169+11 Yi peep, peek, peer, spy, pry
lai2 3768 944a 9+6 Yi 05.6 come, arrive, draw, attract
lan3 3804 609 l 147+14 see, look at, inspect, perceive; vision, sight
lao2 3824 1056a 93+3 sacrificial beasts; animal pens; firmly
lao3 3833 1055a 125+0 Yi old, aged, venerable
lei3 4221 577r 120+5 accumulation, augment, bind; hod, basket
lei4 4232 577p 9+21 worn out, exhausted, fatigued, tired, despondent
lei2 4233 577q 140+21 ap luo2; bushel or basket for carrying earth, hod
lei2 4240 14c 123+13 Yi weak, feeble, emaciated; entangled, bound
lei4 4245 529b 120+15 rough, tangled; flaw, defect, knot on a thread
li3 3857 978a 166+0 Yi a distance: 0.58 km; 0.36 mi; lane, street
li3 3886 597d 113+13 Yi propriety, rite, ceremony, ritual, observance
li2 3902 23f 172+11 Yi 12.4 depart, differ from, separate, digress, leave
li4 3912 520c 140+10 Yi overlook, oversee, manage, attend to
li4 3920 928a 19+0 strength, force, power, effort, muscle; strong
li4 3921 694a 117+0 Yi establish, erect, stand up, set up, found, raise
lian2 4003 627 l 53+10 incorrupt, modest, pure, exacting; integrity
liang2 3951 738a 75+7 proud, brutal, violent; ridgepole, beam, bridge
liang3 3953 736a 11+6 Yi two, a pair
liao2 3963 1069n 40+11 empty, solitary, silent, quiet, remote; waste
lie4 3990 291f 145+6 split, crack, rip open, divide, rend; schism
lie4 3993 637e 94+15 hunt, pursuit, game, chase; maltreat
lin2 4033 387i 163+12 Yi 09.5 neighbors, neighborhood, nearby families
ling2 4071 436i 173+16 Yi spirit; divine, supernatural, subtle, sacred
liu2 3967 1069f 182+11 ap liao2; wind in high places
242
liu2 4080 1104a 85+7 Yi flow, drift, circulate; in all directions
liu4 4189 1032a 12+2 Yi 01.T six, six times
long2 4272 1193m 128+16 deaf, deafened; deafness
lu4 4186 766t' 173+12 dew, dewdrop; leak, disclose
lu4 4191 1032f 170+8 Yi land, dry land, continent; abroad
lu4 8012 1208? 96+8 jade, tinkling or jingling jade
luan4 4220 180c 5+12 Yi 45.1 confusion, disorder, rebellion
luo4 4122 766q' 140+9 fall, drop, let drop, shed, scatter; strewn
luo4 4124 766u 96+6 trifles, small stones; clack, clatter
ma3 4310 40a 187+0 Yi 02.0 horse
man3 4326 183c 85+7 Yi full, satisfied; fill up, amass, abound
mang2 4346 742q 109+3 ap meng2; blind, deluded; illusion
mei4 4411 531n 72+5 Yi obscure, dark, bewildered; suppress; blindly
men2 4418 441a 169+0 Yi gate, gateway, doorway, portal, threshold
men4 4420 441d 61+8 Yi sorrow, melancholy, sad, depressed, torpid
meng3 4429 761g 94+8 fierce, savage, cruel, wild, ferocious; stern
mi2 4450 598e 162+6 Yi deceive, delude, confuse, bewitch; go astray
mi2 4459 359m 57+14 fill, complete; still more, extend, further; very
mian3 4492 222a 10+5 Yi spare, excuse, forgo, abandon; avoid, escape
mian2 4506 225a 120+8 continuous, lasting, unbroken, prolonged
miao4 4474 1158b 38+4 beautiful, excellent, subtle, wonderful; mystery
mie4 4483 294b 85+10 yi 21.1 destroy, extinguish, drown; go extinct
ming2 4528 841a 14+8 Yi dark, obscure, unseen, shadowy; darkness
ming4 4537 762a 30+5 Yi 06.4 destiny, higher purpose, mandate, order
mo4 4546 277a 75+1 Yi end, last, extremity, tip, bud; no, none
mo4 4555 492b 85+4 ap mu4; dead, gone, drowned; disappearance
mou2 4578 948f 149+9 Yi scheme, plot, devise, consult, arrange for
mu3 4576 1063a 93+3 ap mou3; male of quadrupeds; male, masculine
mu4 4593 1212a 75+0 Yi 47.1 wood, wooden, of wood
mu4 4596 1036a 109+0 Yi eyes, see, look
na4 4609 695? 149+4 ap nei4; blurt out; stammer; speak cautiously
nai4 4615 318b 37+5 but, how; then, now; endure; means, resource
nian2 4711 364a 51+3 Yi year, harvest, age
niao3 4688 1116a 196+0 Yi bird, birds
ning2 4725 837a 40+11 Yi peace, tranquility, calm, serenity, rest; rather
nu4 4758 94a' 61+5 anger, passion, rage, wrath, indignation, fury
nuo4 4747 777f 149+9 respond, answer, promise, avow, consent, agree
pan4 4895 181f 85+5 pool; shore; melt, disperse, dissolve, break up
pei2 5014 999b' 170+8 accompany, keep company, augment, support
pei4 5019 514a 164+3 Yi counterpart, worthy of; peer, ally, colleague
243
peng1 5052 751a 86+7 boil, cook, prepare, as for sacrifice
pi4 5167 853t 149+13 compare, simile, example; suppose, if
pian1 5246 246h 9+9 Yi second, assistant, subordinate; partial, one-sided
piao1 5205 1157e 182+11 whirling, floating, graceful, blown about
pin2 5274 471v 154+4 poor, impoverished, deficient, needy
pin4 5280 566i 93+2 Yi female of animals; female, feminine
ping2 5303 825a 51+2 Yi 11.3 calm, level, flat, even, just, equal, fair
po4 4988 782o 194+5 animal or inferior soul; sentient life
pu3 5384 72a 72+8 Yi general, universal, all; vast, ubiquitous
qi2 0514 1s 37+5 strange, odd, unique, rare, extraordinary
qi3 0544 548a 151+3 how? why? were this? could this be?
qi3 0545 862a 9+4 stand on tiptoe, anxious, eager
qi3 0548 953r 156+3 Yi rise, raise, arise, begin, occur
qi4 0551 279b 37+6 covenant, bond, contract, tally, record
qi4 0554 517c 84+6 Yi 31.T breath, steam, life force, vital spirit
qi4 0563 694h 85+5 Yi weep silently, lament, shed tears, sob
qian1 0906 355a 24+1 a thousand, many, very
qian2 0919 245a 18+7 Yi formerly, before, in front of, advance
qiao3 0743 1041 l 48+2 clever, artful, skillful, ingenious (ness)
qie3 0803 46a 1+4 Yi moreover, now, still, and still, further
qin2 1097 480x 19+11 effort, labor, toil; diligent, industrious
qin1 1107 382o 147+9 Yi ap qin4; cherish, love, approach; kindred
qing1 1155 714o 26+10 noble, official, high officer, minister
qing1 1161 828b 9+11 Yi incline, turn over, overturn, lean on
qing1 1171 812i' 85+8 Yi clear, pure, lucid, bright; resolution
qiong2 1247 1006h 116+10 Yi 02.6x exhausted, impoverished, poor; to run out
qiu2 1217 1066a 85+2 Yi 03.4 implore, seek for, beg, search, ask
qu1 1621 496k 44+5 bent down, submit; subjugated, subdued
qu1 1623 1213a 73+2 crooked, bent, curved; wrong, false
quan3 1650 479a 94+0 dog, hound
quan2 1666 234a 11+4 complete, preserve, perfect, intact, whole
que4 1183 776b 26+7 even; withdrawn, retired, unused; decline
que1 1708 312h 121+4 broken, defective, incomplete, deficient
rang3 3079 730e 64+17 seize; lay bare; roll up sleeves
re4 3095 330j 86+11 warm, to warm, heat, hot, burn
ren4 3110 456a 18+1 edge, sword, weapon, tool, blade, point
reng1 3122 945? 64+2 throw away, fling away, reject, deny
rong2 3181 1013a 62+2 Yi weapons, war, combat, fighting, attack
rong2 7560 1187a 40+7 Yi appearance, bearing; tolerate, accept, admit
rong2 7582 843d 75+10 Yi glory, splendor, honor, beauty, esteem
244
ru4 3152 695a 11+0 Yi 03.3 enter, put in, join, come in, present
rui4 3174 324f 167+7 acute, sharp, pointed, keen; valiant
sai1 5446 908a 32+10 ap se4; stop up, block, cork, obstruct
san4 5421 156a 66+8 Yi scatter, disperse, break up; cut, divided
sang4 5429 705a 30+9 Yi 02.0 lose, die, destroy, forget, forgo
se4 5445 927a 139+0 Yi color, hue, beauty, appearance, expression
se4 5447 926a 30+10 miserly, economical, frugal; parsimony; reap
sha4 8014 1236c 30+10 grow hoarse, rasp; ap ga1
shan1 7343 203e 32+7 stand up, shape, pull up; Mathews has yan2, boundary
shang1 5666 720j' 9+11 Yi injure, wound, damage, harm, distress; grieve
shang4 5670 725a 42+5 Yi 09.6 honor, esteem, praise, exalt; still, even
shao3 5675 1149e 42+1 Yi dim little, small, few, short
she1 5696 45e 37+9 extravagant, wasteful, luxurious, indulgent
she2 5698 4l 142+5 snake, serpent
she3 5699 48a 135+2 Yi 03.3 forgo, put away, dismiss; ap she4, reside at
she4 5701 62i 113+3 Yi (altar or sacrifice) to earth spirit, local deity
she4 5707 634a 85+7 cross, ford, wade stream; pass through, involve
she4 5710 638e 64+18 manage, uphold, take up, attend, assist
shen1 5719 666c 85+8 Yi deep, profound, mysterious, intense
shen4 5734 375i 61+10 Yi 02.4x be cautious, careful, heedful, circumspect
sheng1 5748 822a 128+11 sound, voice, tone; reputation, fame
sheng2 5749 892b 120+13 cord, string; strand, continuum
shi1 5760 559a 50+7 Yi 07.0 militia, teacher, model, example
shi1 5768 4l' 70+5 Yi 01.T ap shi3; act, do; confer, relax, spread out
shi4 5776 970a 33+0 Yi scholar, student, adherent, gentleman
shi4 5779 961y 61+6 rely, depend on, expect, trust, presume upon
shi2 5780 961z 72+6 Yi 54.4 time, timing, season, opportunity
shi4 5788 553a 113+0 show, reveal, exhibit, proclaim; omen
shi4 5789 553h 147+5 Yi perceive, consider, look at, regard, inspect
shi4 5792 963a 50+2 market, marketplace, fair; trade, commerce
shi4 5799 330 l 19+11 Yi conditions, influences, forces at work
shi4 5804 287m 162+7 pass away, depart, journey on, come to pass
shi2 5807 686a 24+0 Yi 03.2 ten, tenth
shi2 5808 686e 9+2 ten, tenth
shi2 5810 921a 184+0 Yi 05.5 food, sustenance, meal, nourishment; eat
shi2 5813 795a 112+0 Yi stone, rock
shi4 5817 918f 56+3 form, fashion, rule, model, pattern, system
shi4 5820 413j 40+6 Yi house, household, home, residence, chamber
shi2 5821 398a 40+11 Yi 27.0 solid, substantial, authentic; sustain feed
shi4 5824 790 l 165+13 release, open out, explain, let go, loosen
245
shi2 5825 920k 149+12 Yi recognize, know, discern; ap zhi4 as remember
shi4 5826 793e 142+11 to sting, poison, bite, plague
shou3 5838 1101a 64+0 hand, hands
shou3 5839 1102a 185+0 Yi 01.7 head, leader
shou4 5840 1085a 29+6 Yi 35.2 receive, endure, suffer, comply, accept
shou4 5846 1090g 33+11 old age, long life, longevity; long lived
shou4 5847 1100a 94+15 wild beasts, animals, brutes
shu1 5861 90b 103+7 ap su1; distant, separate, apart, spread apart
shu3 5865 123r 66+11 Yi count, calculate, estimate, reckon, add up
shu2 5895 1026b 86+11 ripe, cooked, prepared, mature; thoroughly
shu3 5896 1224s 44+18 belong to, a class, be subject to; ap zhu3 as near
shuang3 5917 733a 89+7 deviate, stray, faulty; lively, quick, bright
shui3 5922 576a 85+0 Yi 06.X water, liquid
shui2 5923 575u 149+8 Yi who? which? whose? whom
shui4 5927 324i 115+7 tax, duty, revenue
shun4 5935 462c 181+3 Yi 02.T obey, agree, comply, accept; favorable
si1 5569 557b 115+2 self, self-interest, partiality, personal, private
si1 5574 869a 69+8 Yi this, those, these, such; then, soon
si1 5585 972a 30+2 officer, chief, professional; control, manage
si4 5592 967d 113+3 Yi to sacrifice, autumn after harvest
si4 5593 976h 9+5 resembling, like, as if, as though
si4 5598 518a 31+2 Yi 16.T four, fourth, fourfold, surrounding
si4 5599 509h 129+7 reckless, careless, excessive, insensitive
si4 5601 518e 187+5 team of four horses, two pairs
si4 5603 556a 10+6 rhinoceros
su4 5490 68a 120+4 Yi plain, simple, ordinary, coarse
su2 5497 1220a 9+7 Yi vulgar, common, worldly, customary, ordinary
sui2 5523 11g 170+13 Yi 17.0 follow, track, chase, succeed, accord with
sui4 5530 526d 162+9 Yi comply with, follow (up), proceed to, complete
sun1 5541 434a 39+7 grandchild, descendant, posterity, lineage
ta1 5961 4c' 9+3 Yi ap tuo1, 6439; other, another, else
tai2 6016 939a 133+8 lookout, tower, platform, terrace
tai4 6020 317d 37+1 Yi 01.T great, very, much, grand, ultimate
tai4 6023 316a 85+5 Yi 11.0 affluent, extravagant, grand, extensive, liberal
tang2 6107 725s 32+8 court, hall, room
te4 6163 918g 61+3 Yi very, excessive, too; err, stray, mistake
tian2 6362 362a 102+0 Yi field, land, grounds; hunt
tian2 6363 362e 102+4 to cultivate, to hunt
tian2 6365 621b 61+6 quiet, peaceful, serene, tranquil
ting2 6399 833h 8+7 pavilion; erect, stand alone; settle; regulate
246
ting1 6402 835d 128+16 Yi hear, listen, understand; ap ting4 as comply
tong1 6638 1185r 162+7 Yi 11.T through, thoroughly, penetrate, universal
tou1 6488 125u 9+9 steal(thy), pilfer; fraudulent, clandestine, furtive
tou2 6490 130c 64+4 throw at or into, cast, thrust, present; agree to
tu2 6531 64a 31+11 map, picture, diagram, portrait, plan, scheme
tu3 6532 62a 32+0 Yi 30.T earth, land, ground, place, dirt
tu2 6536 62e 60+7 Yi follower, disciple, adherent; travel, go on foot
tui1 6564 575a' 64+8 come, push forward, extend; investigate; reason
tui4 6568 512a 162+6 Yi 20.3 retire, withdraw, recede, retreat, yield
tuo1 6461 780e 149+3 commission, delegate, entrust, rely on; steward
tuo2 6465 795p 75+12 bellows, sack, bag
tuo1 6468 324m 130+7 cast, take off; undress, strip, escape, slip away
wa1 6992 879b' 116+9 swamp, puddle, low ground, wetland, hollow
wai4 7001 322a 36+2 Yi 08.4 outside, beyond, extra; exclude
wan2 7010 257g 181+4 wayward, obstinate, unruly, stubborn, stupid
wan3 7014 222h 72+7 evening, late
wang2 7034 742a 8+1 Yi 11.2 pass, vanish, disappear, escape, perish, fail; loss
wang4 7035 742g 38+3 Yi 25.0 false, absurd, pretentious, foolish, ignorant
wang2 7036 742i 61+3 Yi forget, neglect; unmindful
wang3 7040 739q 75+4 bent, crooked, distorted; in vain, useless
wang4 7043 742m 74+7 Yi full (as moon) face; expect, hope, look towards
wang3 7047 742a' 120+8 web, net, network, snare, seine; entangle
wang3 7050 739k 60+5 Yi 02.0 depart, go towards, advance, progress; former
wei1 7051 574a 38+6 Yi severe, stern, imposing, majestic, fearsome
wei4 7060 27k 9+12 ap wei3; false, counterfeit, simulated, spurious
wei2 7061 584d 60+10 ap wei1; small, trifling, minute, hidden; hide
wei2 7066 575n 61+8 Yi merely, only, simply; namely; and, with
wei4 7089 342a 144+10 Yi protect, guard, defend, shield, shelter
wei4 7115 531g 30+5 flavor, taste, smell, savor, relish
wen2 7129 475a 67+0 Yi 02.5x literate, civilized, elegant; culture
wo4 7161 1204f 64+9 Yi grasp, hold fast, restrain, grip
wu2 7184 103 l 140+12 overgrown, weedy, vigorous growth, wild
wu3 7187 58a 7+2 Yi 43.T five, fifth, fivefold
wu3 7194 138a 9+7 insult, ridicule, disgrace, revile
wu3 7195 104a 77+4 Yi military, warlike, combative
wu4 7208 503a 20+2 Yi 01.1 do not, not at all, will not, strong negative
xi1 0511 876q 150+10 ap qi1; valley, deep gorge, ravine with stream
xi1 2451 960j 86+9 bright, splendid, intelligent, prosperous, shining
xi4 2467 1241 l 120+5 minute, detailed, fine; shrunken, diminished
xi4 2474 776e 163+7 ap qi4; a place, crack, fissure, fault, separation
247
xi4 2476 675s 76+12 unite, contract, draw together, shut, converge
xi1 2493 798a 72+4 ap xi2; formerly, of old, anciently, in antiquity
xi2 2499 6902 124+5 Yi 02.2 repeat, practice, rehearse, duplicate; familiar
xi2 2512 689a 145+16 double, to repeat, cover; to appropriate, take
xia2 2515 33h 96+9 error, flaw, defect, blemish, imperfection
xia2 2528 629g 94+5 get too close, over-familiar; insult, impropriety
xia2 2532 630e 94+7 narrow, restrict, constrict, cramp
xian2 2671 368e 154+8 Yi 08.4x worthy, virtuous, good, meritorious; skill
xian1 2716 209a 195+6 fresh fish or meat, flowers or fruit; rare, good
xiang3 2552 716a 8+6 Yi 41.0 sacrifice, offer; receive, enjoy, feast
xiang1 2556 714c 163+10 countryside, village, neighborhood, community
xiang4 2568 1728a 52+5 Yi 23.T resemble; image, representation, form, concept
xiang2 2577 732n 113+6 Yi happiness, good luck, good omen; lucky portent
xiao4 2601 1168a 39+4 Yi filial, honoring parents; obedience, respect
xiao4 2606 1149g 130+3 be like, resemble, imitate; similar, a likeness
xiao4 2615 1150a 118+4 Yi laugh, smile; ridicule, deride
xie1 2642 313u 76+9 rest, stop, desist, leave off, cease; be lost
xin1 2737 382k 69+9 Yi new, recent, fresh, modern, novel
xing1 2753 889a 134+9 Yi begin, raise, establish, set up; ap xing4, elated
xing2 2755 808b 18+4 Yi example, model, law, norm, standard; conform
xing2 2759 808d 59+4 Yi (to) (con)figure, form, shape, outline, contrast
xing4 2770 812q 38+5 surname, clan, a people, society, family name
xiong1 2808 1183a 17+2 Yi 03.5 pitfall, misfortune, trouble, adversity
xiong2 2814 887 l 172+4 male, masculine, virile, vigorous; male of birds
xiu1 2794 1077d 9+8 Yi repair, regulate, cultivate, develop, restore
xu1 2821 78a 141+6 Yi 46.3 empty, untrue, unreal, vacant; humble, modest
xu1 2824 78c 76+12 snort, blow, exhale; breathe hot or fiercely; sigh
xu2 2841 82p 60+7 Yi (walk) grave, slow, dignified, gradual, steady (ily)
xue2 2780 1038a 39+13 study, learn, train; academic
yan3 7348 607k 9+20 dignified, majestic, grave, respectful, solemn
yan4 7387 616c 27+12 Yi dislike, detest, hate, tired of, fed up; surfeit, glut
yan4 7399 243a 86+12 Yi swallow; pleased, peaceful, soothing, restful
yang1 7239 718a 37+2 finish, conclude, utmost, end; center, balance
yang1 7242 718e 78+5 misfortune, calamity; disaster, injury, damage
yang3 7254 732j 184+6 Yi 04.T nourish, nurture, rear, care for, provide
yang2 7265 720e 170+9 Yi 01.1x light, firmness; dynamic, known, bright
yao4 5693 1124j 86+14 glorious, bright; dazzle, daze, glare, blind
yao3 7274 1115i 116+5 ap miao3; obscure, deep, mysterious, retired
yao1 7279 1141d 38+4 strange, weird, spooky, ominous, bewitching
yao4 7300 1142a 146+3 important, necessary, expedient, essential; must
248
ye2 2625 47a 163+4 interrogative particle; …? Pron xie2 if meaning twisted
yi2 2947 4i' 162+5 go astray, digress, detour, stray, turn aside
yi3 2953 1f' 9+8 rely on, lean on, trust, adhere to
yi2 2982 551a 37+3 Yi 36.0 obscured; wounded; level, ordinary, invisible
yi1 2989 550a 145+0 Yi clothing, dress, attire, garment; wear, worn
yi2 2993 21a 40+5 Yi 19.5 proper, right, fitting; ought, should
yi2 2995 540m 162+12 Yi grave area; left out, abandoned, lost, forsaken
yi4 3002 2r 123+7 Yi 05.T rightness, morality, justice, principle, meaning
yi4 3009 954a 102+6 Yi heterodox, strange, different, divergent, unique
yi4 3031 915a 64+4 lower, depress, suppress, restrain, pull down
yin1 7418 653a 180+0 Yi sound, tone, note, pitch
yin1 7444 651y 170+8 Yi 61.2 shade, shadow, dark, secret, yielding
yin3 7448 449a 170+14 Yi hidden, mysterious, secret; conceal, withdraw
yin3 7454 654a 184+4 Yi drink, swallow, imbibe; drink wine
ying1 7457 814a 38+14 baby, infant, newborn
ying2 7467 843f 86+13 manage, direct, define, plan, found, lay out; camp
ying2 7473 699d 162+4 meet, welcome, receive, greet, encounter
ying4 7477 890d 61+13 Yi 02.T respond, reply, agree; ought, must; right
yong3 7571 1185k 19+7 courage, bravery, boldness, daring; adventure
you3 7507 1082a 91+11 Yi window, lattice; enlighten, teach
you1 7508 1071a 61+11 Yi sadness, grief, melancholy, mourning, suffering
you2 7511 996a 43+1 Yi 22.4x blame, grudge, reproach; fault; moreover
you1 7520 1077c 61+7 ap you2; far reaching, step back, distance; brood
you2 7528 1996r 94+9 plan for, expect, suspect, deliberate; still, yet
you2 7530 1996t 94+9 plan, scheme, consult, deliberate, take counsel
you4 7539 995a 29+0 Yi and, more, further, greater; given this
you4 7541 995i 30+2 Yi right hand, right side, essential, honor, assist
yu4 7603 83e 152+9 Yi 16.0 prepare, make ready; beforehand; wary, alert
yu4 7617 89i 149+14 Yi 02.4 praise, extol, honor, approve; ap yu2 if verb
yu2 7618 89j 159+10 Yi 07.3 carriage, wagon, vehicle; basis, support
yu2 7624 124g 61+9 stupid, doltish, rude, ignorant; simple, rustic
yu4 7625 124h 162+9 Yi 13.5 meet, entertain, encounter, engage; happen
yu2 7626 124i 170+9 corner, angle, vertex; nook, cove
yu4 7632 125d 61+9 surpass, excel, expand, get better; further, more
yu2 7635 125h 85+9 Yi change; changeable, fickle, capricious
yu3 7662 100a 173+0 Yi 09.0 rain, raining, shower
yu4 7664 60 l 60+8 Yi drive a chariot, manage, direct, negotiate, master
yu4 7666 1216a 96+0 Yi jade, gem, jewel, valuable
yu2 7668 29a 195+0 Yi fish, fishes
yu4 7676 929e 32+8 frontier, territory, boundary, border, horizon
249
yu4 7687 1020a 130+4 Yi give birth to, nourish, develop, bring up, raise
yuan4 7714 260c 61+5 Yi ap yuan1; resentment, ill-will, enmity, rancor
yuan1 7723 367a 85+8 Yi gulf, abyss; deep; profound; mystery
yuan3 7734 256f 162+10 Yi 24.1 distant, far, remote, beyond, extensive
yue4 4129 1125a 75+11 music, song; see le4, main gloss
yue1 7493 1120m 120+3 Yi agreement, covenant, bond; bind, restrain
yue4 7499 1119a 118+17 bellows; pipe, flute, tube
yue4 7703 324p 169+7 examine, inspect, study, observe, evaluate
yun2 7745 460a 7+2 to speak, say, tell, claim, declare; has said
yun2 7749 460f 140+4 many, numerous, numberless; like weeds
zai4 6653 943a 159+6 Yi 09.6 load, carry, contain, sustain, uphold
zai3 6655 965b 40+7 steward, chief; administer, govern, rule, manage
zai4 6657 943i 32+3 Yi 01.2 in, within, on, upon; exist, lie, dwell
zao3 6721 1049a 72+2 early, soon, prior, in advance, quickly, formerly
zao4 6729 1134k 157+13 easily provoked, hasty, rash, restless, agitated
ze2 6748 868m 154+4 ask, demand, lay charge, exact, require; upbraid
zei2 6752 907a 154+6 thief, bandit, burglar, cheat, looter; injury, theft
zhan4 0146 658 l 85+9 deep, clear; profound; soak in
zhan4 0147 147r 62+12 Yi fight, contest, wrangle, combat, battle
zhang1 0185 723e 59+11 manifest, display, evident, proclaim, exhibit
zhang1 0195 721h 57+8 Yi bend or draw a bow, stretch, extend
zhang4 0200 721a 1+2 Yi mature, grown, elder, senior, long
zhang3 0213 721a 168+0 Yi see chang2
zhao1 0233 1143a 74+8 Yi dawn, morning, early; ap chao2 as court
zhao4 0234 1131e 30+2 call, summon, cite, notify, incur
zhao1 0236 1131m 72+4 Yi show, display; bright, luminous, manifest
zhao3 0240 1111a 87+0 claws, talons, nails; clutches; grasp, grip
zhao4 0247 1145a 10+4 sign, omen, indication, portent, begin, initiate
zhe2 0267 287a 64+4 Yi take off, diminish, reduce, deduct, break, snap
zhe2 0279 877r 149+11 blame, find fault, to disgrace, reproach, punish
zhen1 0297 375a 109+5 true, real, genuine; truth, fact, substance
zhen4 0299 375f 167+10 repress, guard, subdue, temper; keep, protect
zhen1 0346 834g 154+2 Yi 01.0 truth, firmness, resolve, persistence, loyalty
zheng4 0355 833r 66+5 Yi to rule; government, regime, politics, laws
zhi3 0939 961a 77+0 Yi 04.T stop, desist, halt, pause, be still; calm, restraint
zhi4 0971 962e 61+3 Yi 03.1x will, purpose, idea, ambition, direction, intent
zhi4 0976 919g 122+8 install, set up, appoint, seat; arrange; put aside
zhi4 0984 413d 133+3 Yi 05.3 bring about, result in, attain, reach, complete
zhi4 0986 335a 18+6 Yi regulate, govern, restrain, establish, tailor
zhi2 1006 919a 109+3 Yi straight, upright, direct, forthright, to the point
250
zhi4 1009 493a 154+8 disposition, nature, matter, substance, solid
zhi2 8011 919c 32+8 clay, clayey
zhong1 1506 1007k 61+4 loyal, faithful, devoted, sincere, true hearted
zhou1 1291 1084a 137+0 Yi boat, ship, vessel
zhou1 1293 1083a 30+5 Yi ming encircling, encompassing, comprehensive
zhou4 1312 131q 187+14 ap zou4; fleet horse; swift, intense, sudden
zhu4 1340 129c 85+5 attend, heed, fix mind on; water flowing
zhuan1 1428 231a 41+8 concentrate, focus, dedicate; solely, particular
zhuang4 1452 727s 94+4 form, appearance, shape, state; declare, depict
zhuang4 1453 727n 33+4 Yi 34.0 strong, robust, powerful, healthy, overgrown
zhui4 1472 343a 154+11 repeat; irrelevant, superfluous, tautological
zhuo2 1263 1235b 69+10 cut to pieces, chop, hew, carve, hash
zhuo2 1271 1224p 85+13 muddy, muddled, turbid, corrupt, murky, foul
zhuo1 1273 496i 64+5 stupid, clumsy, unskilful, inept, awkward
zhuo2 1279 324n 75+7 whet, sharpen, hone, strop; a joist, columns
zi1 6927 555h 154+6 Yi property, wealth, valuables, capital; aid, assist
zi1 6933 969h 159+8 cargo, freight; baggage wagon, carriage
zi1 6937 966h 85+10 more, increasingly, progressively; stir, excite
zi4 6942 964n 39+3 Yi letter, character, word, title, name, alias
zong1 6896 1003a 40+5 Yi ancestry, clan, kindred, sect, lineage, progenitor
zou3 6807 119a 156+0 swift, run, gallop, make gallop; walk, travel, go
zui4 6860 513a 122+8 Yi sin, crime, wrong, transgression, offence
zui1 8013 468h' 143+8 penis, male genitalia, virility
zun1 6884 430a 41+9 Yi honorable, venerable; dignity, respect
zuo3 6774 5a 48+2 Yi left side, left hand, second, inferior; assist; spare
zuo3 6775 5e 9+5 ap zuo4; assist, aid; assistant, aide, subordinate
zuo4 6778 12a 32+4 seat, seated, sit, situated; kneel; reign
zuo4 6786 1128a 169+19 ap zao2; chisel, bore, gouge, hew, carve, cut

251
 Common Words

(21 words with 44 or more occurrences, comprising nearly 40% of Lao Zi’s text.)

1sr PY Math. R+S # Some Common Meanings

02 d bu4 5379 1+3 244 not, never, seldom; without; un-; -less; avoid
13 b da4 5943 37+0 59 great, important, major, overall, whole, much
01 a dao4 ɰ6136 162+9 77 (the) way, path, road, course; principle, truth
10 q de2 ʤ6162 60+12 44 character, virtue, merit, quality; fitness, power
01 l er2 £1756 126+0 120 and (still, yet); but, yet (also, still); while; then
01 g gu4 Ő3455 66+5 65 (and) so; therefore, thus; as such, in this way
01h qi2 ì0525 12+6 143 one’s/their (own); that which; (of) it/this/such
02 k ren2 3097 9+0 84 human(ity), society; others, person(s), people
06 e ruo4 Ŭ3126 140+5 45 (appear/seem) like/to be; as if/though/good as
02 c shan4 ȭ5657 30+9 52 adept, apt, good, skilled (at); excellence, virtue
02 k shi4 Ŗ5794 72+5 71 there/this is; (&) so it is; certain, sure, true (ly)
01 e tian1 16361 37+1 92 heaven(ly); (the) sky, celestial, imperial
02 a wei2 ş7059 87+8 113 act, perform; do, make; become (as)(if); meddle
01 e wu2 ȡ7180 86+8 101 nothing(ness); without, with no; be/have no
02 a xia4 2520 1+2 82 down(ward); below, under; low, subordinate
01 h yi3 J2932 9+3 164 by, with, using; thereby, thus; for, to; regard as
01 f you3 ›7533 74+2 82 being; to/will be/have; to claim, hold, possess
08 e yu2 Č7643 70+4 48 amidst, as, in, up(on), to(wards), with(in); than
01 k zhe3 ĥ0263 125+5 93 is/are one(s)/those who; that which; is, means
02 a zhi1 Ģ0932 111+3 57 (to) know, understand, comprehend, perceive
01 e zhi1 !0935 4+3 251 ...’s; ^ of/for/to v; has; (for/to) it/this; its/their

253
 Phrases and Idioms

Most of these are not tracked in Column Seven of the Matrix

bai xing 05d, 49b bai xing jie 17i, 49 l

bu dai 16s, 25e, 32 l, 44h, 52g
bu ke 09d, 14g, 14k, 15c, 15d, 20g, 27e, 27g, 29d, 31m, 35k, 36k, 36m, 56j, 56k, 56 l, 56m,
56n, 56o
bu ru 05j, 09b, 62 l
bu yu 15w, 37i, 39u, 64t, 77o
bu zi 07c, 22i, 22k, 22m, 22o, 34i, 72h, 72i
bu zu 17e, 19g, 23r, 35i, 35j, 41g, 41n, 48h, 77f, 77h, 77j
chang jiu 44i, 59i chang ... jiu 07a, 07b, 59k
ci liang 01k, 65j (sim. fu liang 60h, 61n)
fu gui 14 l, 16f, 28f, 28 l, 28r, 52q
fu wei 41v, 59c, 75j
fu wei...gu 08m, 15d, 15x, 22q, 67c fu wei ... shi yi 02q, 70g, 71c, 72e
gong cheng 02p, 17h, 34d, 77n
jiang kong 39i, 39j, 39k, 39 l, 39m, 39n
jiang yu 29a, 36a, 36c, 36e, 36g
jun zi 26c, 31d, 31g
ke ming 01c, 14k, 34f, 34h
qi ruo 15k, 15o, 15q, 15s, 20w (sim. qi you 05f, 77b)
qi shen 07e, 07g
shan ren 27n, 27n, 27o, 27o, 62b, 62c, 79i
sheng ren (w/o shi yi) 05c, 28t, 49a, 49i, 49m, 57n, 60g, 71e, 81g, 81k
shi min 03b, 03d, 03f, 03 l, 74c, 80d
shi wei 06b, 06d, 10q, 13g, 14m, 14o, 14u, 16h, 27m, 27r, 30o, 36i, 51r, 52s, 53m, 56i, 59d,
59j, 65m, 68e, 68f, 68g, 69f, 74i, 78k, 78m
shi yi (w/o sheng ren) 02r, 26c, 38b, 38d, 38s, 39q, 43d, 51e, 66d, 66 l, 70h, 71d, 71g, 72f,
75c, 75f, 75i, 76g
shi yi sheng ren 02k, 03g, 07e, 12h, 22g, 27h, 29k, 47g, 58m, 63 l, 63p, 64o, 64t, 66h, 70k,
72g, 73f, 77m, 78i, 79d
tian di 01e, 05a, 05e, 06d, (07a), 07b, 23e, 23f, 25b, (25n), 32f
tian xia 13m, 13n, 13o, 13p, 22h, 25f, 26h, 28c, 28d, 28i, 28j, 28o, 28p, 29a, 29c, 30b, 31m,
32m, 35b, 37j, 39g, 40c, 43a, 43b, 43g, 45j, 46a, 46c, 47b, 48f, 48h, 49i, 49j, 52a, 52b,
54 l, 54r, 54r (twice), 54s, 56p, 57c, 57f, 60b, 61b, 61c, 62q, 63h, 63j, 66 l, 67 l, 67o,
77k, 78m
tian xia jie: 02a, 67a tian xia mo: 22r, 32c, 66n, 70c, 78a, 78g

254
tian zhi dao 09j, (46a), (47d), 73g, 77a, 77g, (79h), 81j
wan wu 01f, 02m, 04d, 05b, 08b, 16c, 32e, 34c, 34e, 34g, 37d, 39f, 39m, 40c, 42d, 42e, 51e,
62a,64x, 76c
wu ming 01e, 32a, (34d), 37f, 37g, 41u
wu shi 48f, 57c, 57s, 63b
wu wei 02k, 10h, 37a, 38e, 43d, 43f, 48d, 48e, 57o, 64o
wei wu wei: 03n, 63a wu bu wei: 37b, 48e
wu yu 01g, 03 l, 34f, 37h, 57u
yi wei (in order to do/make): 11c, 11e, 11g, 11h, 19g, 38e, 38f, 38g, 42f, 81h
(consider as/to be): (21c), 25f, 38h, 39g, 41g, 42i, 42o, 52b, 79c
yi ... wei (consider ... to be): 05b, 05d, 13m, 13o, 39o, 39p, 39r, 75i
zhong ren 08d, 20i, 20o, 20y, 64w
zi hua 37d, 57p
zi ran 17i, 23a, 25u, 51i, 64x

255
 Pronouncing Pinyin Chinese

* Pinyin means spell-sound. It was developed in mainland China to replace the Wade-Giles
system of transliteration (see first page of Glossary to compare).
The traditional Chinese characters, used in the Zhouyi zhezhong, are called Hanzi (the Han
characters); they are still used in Taiwan and Hong Kong. Simplified characters are now used on
the mainland.
* There are only 411 Pinyin syllables. Most of these pronounce a large number of different
Chinese characters. Pronunciation is further modified by up to five pronounced tones which
further narrow the meanings: high level, rising, low level, falling and unaccented. When you
find these in your dictionary, make a note of which of the character’s meanings is spoken with
which tone.
* Each character is pronounced as one syllable. Diphthongs (combined vowels) are spoken
quicky, not drawn out. Modern Chinese is much more multiple-charactered and polysyllabic
than it was in the days of the Daodejing’s origin.
* Retroflex means pronounced with the tip of the tongue turned back or up towards the hard
palate, or the gums behind the upper canines.
* Sounds are Aspirated with the breath (like P), Voiced with the larynx (like B). More aspirated
means a stronger puhff of air.

Initial Sounds:
b b, a little softer and a little less voiced than English
c ts, as in bats eat cats
ch ch, retroflexed, as in witch hunt
d d, a little softer and a little less voiced than English
f f, no surprises, as in fan
g g, a little softer and a little less voiced than English, not soft as in huge
h h, a little more aspirated and a little more gutteral than English
j dzh as in jump, but the tongue is a little more forward than in English
k k, a little more aspirated than English
l l, no surprises, as in lily
m m, no surprises, as in madman
n n, no surprises, as in ninny
p p, a little more aspirated than English
q ch, no surprises, as in cheap chicken
r r, r as in run, but with a hint of a z or buzzing sound on top of it
s s, no surprises, as in simplicity
sh sh, retroflexed, as in fish hook, or sch as in Schubert
t t, a little more aspirated than English
w w, no surprises, as in win
x sh, but with a hint of an s
y y, no surprises, as in yes
z dz, as in adze or adds
zh j, retroflexed, dzh, or dge as in fudge. Not zh as in vision.

256
Final Sounds:
a ah
a after y, as in yam
ai aye
an ahn as in autobahn, not as in tan
an after y, ehn as in yen
ang ah+ng, as in ankh, not ang as in hang
ao ow as in how now
e between eh and uh, as in alert
e after y, as in yet
ê used alone, eh
ei ae as in bay
en uhn, as in un
eng ung as in sung, but abbreviate the vowel, not eng as in strength
er uhr, as in sir or surly or early
i ee as in eat
i after c, s, z: between ee and oh, an unstressed uh
i after ch, r, sh, & zh: er as in herd, but shorten the r and voice with a
ia ya hint of a z or buzz
ian yen
iang yang
iao yow, with ow as in pow
ie yeh as in yet
in in
ing ing as in sing
iong üng, see ü, between yoong and yeeng
iu yowh as in yolk
o between awe and owe as on port
ong uwng, as in lung but with a little more oo, not as in long
ong after y, oong with more ee, üng, as in German yüng
ou between ou and oa, as in out, boat
u oo as in blue moon
ü after j, l, q, x, y, like French & German, form to say oo but say ee
ua wa
uai wai as in winding
uan wahn as in wan
uang wah+ng
ue wuh
ue after j, q, x, y, weh as in wet
üe in lüe and nüe, between oo and ee plus eh
ui way
un un as in fun but with u as in put and abbreviate the vowel
uo waw with second w shortened

257
 Pinyin to Wade-Giles Conversion

Phonetic elements and syllables not found in this table are the same in both
systems.

Pinyin: Wade-Giles Pinyin: Wade-Giles Pinyin: Wade-Giles

b... p... ...e ...o chi ch’ih
c... ts’... ...ian ...ien ci tz’u
ch... ch’... ...ie ...ieh gui kuei
d... t... ...iong ...iung ju chu
g... k... ...ong ...ung juan chuan
j... ch... ...ue ...ueh jue chueh
k... k’... ...uo ...o jun chun
p... p’... kui k’uei
q... ch’... e o, eh lue lueh
r... j... er erh ri jih
t... t’... o wo shi shih
x... hs... yan yen si szu, ssu
z... ts... ye yeh zhi chih
zh... ch... yi i zi tzu

258
 Bibliography

The versions that have fallen within the scope of my research have been
grouped into three categories, in effect: very useful, somewhat useful and less
than useful. The dozen or so most useful versions are highlighted in bold. Works
on this “A” list belong on the shelves of university libraries. Even though not all
of these books represent faithful translations, all of them represent some level of
respectable scholarship. Works on the “B” list all had something to offer. The
“C” list is given separately below. Here one may find a surprising number of
“translations” which have been done by people who do not understand a single
word of Chinese. This list includes a few of the best selling editions and a number
of authors with Chinese-sounding names.

A & B Lists (with notes)

Addis, Stephen and Stanley Lombardo. Lao-Tzu Tao Te Ching. Cambridge: Hackett Pub.
Co., 1993. (Good sense of word meanings; attempts brevity but overshoots).
Ames, Roger T. and David L. Hall. Dao De Jing, A Philosophical Translation. NY:
Ballantine Books, 2003. Reads too much philosophy into the text.
Blakney, Raymond B. The Way of Life: Lao Tzu.. New York: Mentor, 1955, 1983.
Boltz, William G. “The Lao Tzu Text that Wang Pi and Ho-shang Kung Never Saw,”
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies; Vol 48, No 3; 493-501, 1985.
Byrne, Patrick Michael. Lao-zi: Dao De Jing. Santa Fe, NM: Sun Pub. Co., 1991.
(Translation)
Carus, Paul. The Canon of Reason and Virtue - Being Lao-tze’s Tao Teh King. Chinese
and English. Chicago: Open Court, 1913. (Chinese-English, long out of print)
Carus, Paul and D.T. Suzuki. The Canon of Reason and Virtue. LaSalle, IL: Open Court
Pub., 1913, 1974 (abridged of Chinese-English but contains Hanzi text).
Chan, Alan K. Two Visions of the Way. Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 1991.
Chan, Wing-Tsit. The Way of Lao Tzu. New York: Macmillan, 1963. (Notes)
Chen, Ellen. The Tao Te Ching. New York: Paragon House, 1989.
Cheng, Man-jan. Lao-Tzu: “My words are very easy to understand.” (tr. Tam C. Gibbs).
Richmond, CA: North Atlantic Books, 1981.
Ch’u Ta-Kao. Tao Te Ching. London: The Buddhist Society, 1937, 1959. (Decent
scholarship but inclined to meddle with the original text).
Cleary, Thomas. The Essential Tao. S.F.: Harper Collins, 1991.
Condron, Daniel R. The Tao Te Ching Interpreted and Explained. Windyville, MO: SOM
Publishing, 2003.
Dalton, Jerry O. Tao Te Ching: A New Approach. New York, Avon, 1993.
Duyvendak, J.J.L. Tao Te Ching: The Book of the Way and its Virtue. London: John
Murray, 1954. (Good notes; meddles with the original text).
259
Feng, Gia Fu and Jane English. Lao Tzu, Tao Te Ching. New York: Vintage, 1972.
Gu Zhengkun. Lao Zi: The Book of Tao and Teh. Beijing: Peking University Press,
1995. With Hanzi, Pinyin & tones, some pieces of text are missing.
Hansen, Chad. Tao Te Ching, Translation in Progress. 1998. Internet; URL at the time:
http://www.hku.hk/philodep/ch (see current links)
Harvard Yenching Institute. Chu-Tzu Yin-Te: Lao Tzu. Taipei: Chinese Material &
Research Service Center, 1986. B125. C572, 1986, V3
Hatcher, Bradford. Lao Zi zhi Dao De Jing (Lao Tzu’s Tao Te Ching) Word forWord.
Self-published, 1999. Obsolete.
He Guanghu, Gao Shining, et al. The Book of Lao Zi. Beijing: Foreign Languages
Press, 1993. (Based on Ren Jiyu. Book of Lao Zi - a Modern Chinese Translation.
Shanghai Pub. House, 1985). (Translation)
Henricks, Robert G. Lao Tzu Te-Tao Ching. New York: Ballantine Books, 1989.
(both MWD texts; good notes)
_____Lao Tzu’s Tao Te Ching: A Translation of the Startling New Documents Found at
Guodian. NY: Columbia Univ. Press, 2000. Very thoughtlessly arranged, with no
index to the received texts. I have inserted an index for this at the end of the section:
“Common Variations on the Text.”
Hinton, David. Tao Te Ching, Lao Tzu. Washington DC: Counterpoint, 2000.
Hodge, Stephen. Tao Te Ching: A New Translation and Commentary. NY: Barron's
Educational Series, 2002. An annoying arrangement, and the index has some typos.
Ivanhoe, Philip J. The Daodejing of Laozi. NY: Seven Bridges Press, 2002. Work-
manlike translation, Wang Bi version. Wanted to see more notes
Iyer, Raghavan, ed. Tao Te Ching. Lao Tzu. Santa Barbara, CA: Concord Grove Pr., 1983.
La Fargue, Michael. The Tao of the Tao Te Ching. Albany: SUNY Press, 1992. (MWD)
Lau, D.C. Lao Tzu, Tao Te Ching. New York: Penguin, 1963, 1978. (Notes)
Legge, James. “Tao-Teh King,” The Texts of Taoism. New York: Dover, 1891, 1962.
LeGuin, Ursula K. Lao Tzu: Tao Te Ching. Boston: Shambhala, 1997.
Lin, Paul. A Translation of Lao Tzu’s Tao Te Ching and Wang Pi’s Commentary.
Ann Arbor, MI: Univ. of Michigan Center for Chinese Studies, 1977. (Notes)
Lynn, Richard John. The Classic of the Way and Virtue. NY: Columbia Univ. Press,
1999. Workmanlike, straight Wang Bi.
Mackintosh, Charles H. Tao. Chicago: Theosophical Press, 1926.
Mair, Victor H. Tao Te Ching: The Classic Book of Integrity and the Way. New York:
Bantam, 1990. (MWD)
Maurer, Herrymon. Tao: The Way of the Ways. New York: Schocken, 1982.
McCarroll, Tolbert. The Tao: The Sacred Way. New York: Crossroad, 1982.
Medhurst, G. Spurgeon. Tao Teh King. Wheaton, IL: Theosophical Pub. House, 1905.
Miles, Thomas H. Tao Te Ching: About the Way of Nature and Its Powers. Garden
City Park, NY: Avery Pub. Group, 1992. (Translation)
Muller, Charles. Tao Te Ching. 1997. (Translation) Internet.
Red Pine. Lao-tzu’s Taoteching. S.F.: Mercury House, 1996. (Notes).
Richter, Gregory C. The Gate of All Marvelous Things: A Guide to Reading the Tao Te
Ching. SF: Red Mansions Pub., 1998. Interlinear with Pinyin & tones, some text
errors (as distinct from text variations).
260
Roberts, Moss. Dao De Jing: The Book of the Way, Laozi. Los Angeles: University of
California Press, 2001. More poetic than literal.
Rump, Ariane and Wing-tsit Chan. Commentary on the Lao Tzu by Wang Pi. Honolulu:
Univ. of Hawaii Press, 1979.
Star, Johnathan. Tao Te Ching: The Definitive Edition. NY: Tarcher/Putnam, 2001. One
hopes the word “definitive” was the publisher’s idea. His “Verbatim Translation”
or matrix is quite useful, but his conventional translation does not follow the
Chinese very closely.
Waley, Arthur. The Way and Its Power. London: Allen & Unwin, 1934.
Wei, Henry. The Guiding Light of Lao Tzu. Wheaton, IL: Theosophical Pub. House,
1982. (Translation)
Wilhelm, Richard. Tao Te Ching. (tr. fr. German by H.G. Ostwald). London: Routledge
& Kegan Paul, 1910, 1986.
Wing, R.L. The Tao of Power. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1986.
Wu, John C.H.(Ching-Hsiung) Lao Tzu. Tao Teh King. New York: St. John’s Univ. Pr.,
1961, 1990.
Yi Wu. The Book of Lao Tzu (The Tao Te Ching). S.F.: Great Learning Pub. Co.,
1989. (Literal translation; Side by side English-Chinese)
Yutang, Lin. The Wisdom of Laotse. New York: Random House, 1948.

Internet Sources for Text Comparisons

http://www.daoisopen.com/Comparisons.html
http://home.pages.at/onkellotus/TTK/_indexTTK.html
http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/~hkshp/cclassic/

General Laozi and Daoism (all of these were useful):

Blofeld, John. Taoism: The Road to Immortality. Boston: Shambhala, 1978.

Chan, Alan K. Two Visions of the Way. Albany: SUNY Press, 1991.
Csikszentmihalyi, Mark and Philip Ivanhoe, eds. Religious and Philosophical Aspects of
the Laozi. SUNY Press, 1999.
Kaltenmark, Max. Lao Tzu and Taoism. Stanford University Press, 1965.
Kohn, Livia & Michael LaFargue, eds. Lao Tzu and the Tao Te Ching. Albany, NY:
SUNY Press, 1998.
Watts, Alan. Tao: The Watercourse Way. New York: Pantheon, 1975.
Welch, Holmes. Taoism: The Parting of the Way. Boston: Beacon Press, 1957.

261
 C List (redeeming features as notes)

Bahm, Archie. Tao Teh King. Albuquerque, NM: World Books, 1958. (Good bibliogra-
phy)
Baskin, Wade. Classics in Chinese Philosophy. Totowa, NJ: Littlefield, Adams & Co.,
1974. (Chapters 1-30 of a translation by Dagobert Runes)
Bruya, Brian. The Tao Speaks. NY: Doubleday, 1995. (Would be a good introduction for
young people but only portions are translated).
Bryce, Derek and Leon Wieger. Tao-Te-Ching. York Beach, ME: Samuel Weiser, 1999.
Bynner, Witter. The Way of Life According to Lao Tzu.. New York: John Day, 1944.
(Well-written & fun to read, but not a very literal translation)
Crowley, Aleister. Tao Te Ching, Liber CLVII. York Beach, ME: Samuel Weiser, 1995.
Dreher, Diane. The Tao of Inner Peace. NY: Harper, 1990.
Freke, Timothy. Lao Tzu’s Tao Te Ching. London: Piatkus, 1995. (Insightful but not
very literal).
Goddard, Dwight. “Tao-Teh-King,” A Buddhist Bible. Boston: Beacon Pr., 1938, 1966.
(Text tr. with Bhikshu Wai-tao, 1936).
Grigg, Ray. The Tao of Being. Atlanta: Humanics, 1989.
Heider, John. The Tao of Leadership. New York: Bantam Books, 1985.
Heysinger, I.W. The Light of China, The Tao Teh King of Lao Tsze. Philadelphia: Re-
search Pub., 1903. (Meaning lost to rhyme; useful section on vocabulary).
Hoff, Benjamin. The Way to Life at the Heart of the Tao Te Ching. (Adapted from various
translations). New York: Weatherhill, 1981.
Hwang, Shi Fu. Tao Teh Chin. Austin, TX: Taoism Publisher, 1987.
Kaminski, Gerald. Another Way: the Tao of Lao Tzu. Belmont, CA: Cove View Press,
1993.
Kwok, Man-Ho, Martin Palmer and Jay Ramsay. Tao Te Ching. Gr. Br.: Element, 1993.
Mabrey, John R., The Little Book of the Tao Te Ching. Gr. Br.: Element, 1994. (Only
contains fragments).
Mears, Isabella. Tao Teh King. London: Theosophical Publishing House, 1916.
Merel, Peter. TaoDeChing - Lao Tze. 1995. Internet; URL at the time:
http://www.chinapage.com/gnl.html (see current links)
Mitchell, Stephen. Tao Te Ching. New York: Harper & Row, 1988. (the most popular
“translation” but he does not know any Chinese)
Ni, Hua-Ching. The Complete Works of Lao Tzu. Malibu, CA: Shrine of the Eternal
Breath of Tao, 1979.
Reynolds, David K. Reflections on the Tao Te Ching. New York: William Morrow, 1993.
Rasmussen, Jeff. Spirit of the Tao Te Ching. Indianapolis, IN: Nisi Sunyyata, 1998.
Rosenthal, Stan. The Tao Te Ching. 1998? Internet.
Shrine of Wisdom, Publisher. The Simple Way of Lao Tsze. Surrey, England: 1924.
Simms, Bennett B. Lao Tzu and the Tao Te Ching. New York: Franklin Watts, 1971.
Trapp, Jacob. Tao Teh Ching. Santa Fe, NM: Yucca Printing, 1985.
Unsong, Kim. Lao Tzu’s Tao-Te Ching. San Bruno, CA: One Mind Pesss, 1986.
(Meaning often sacrificed for rhyme)

262
 Short List
I have not seen or used any of the following versions:
some of these may not exist, some may be found at
http://home.pages.at/onkellotus/TTK/_indexTTK.html

Agner, Lajos
Alexander, Gen. G.G. “Tao-Teh-King or Book of the Values of Tao” Sacred Books and
Early Literature of the East. New York: Parke, Austin & Lipscomb, 1895, 1917.
Allen, Rupert C. The Yin-Yang Journal: An Alternate Reading of the Tao Te Ching.
Tucson: Inner Eye Press, 1996.
Arnold, Gary N. Way of Life, The Tao Te Ching. Metaire, LA: Windhorse, 1996.
Balfour, Frederick Henry. Taoist Texts, Ethical, Political and Speculative. London:
Trubner, 1884; NY: Gordon Press, 1975.
Bjerregaard, Carl H. A. The Inner Life and the Tao-Teh King. London: Theosophical Pub.
House, 1911.
Bokenkamp, Stephen R. Early Daoist Scriptures: Daoist Classics No. 1. Univ. of Calif,
Press, 1999.
Burtt, George. The Explicated Tao. L.A.: Vector Counseling Institute, 1977.
Chalmers, John. The Speculations on Metaphysics, Polity and Morality of “The Old
Philosopher,” Lao-tze. London: Trubner, 1868.
Chang Chi-chun and William Forthman. Lao Tzu. New York: Meredith Pub., 1967.
Chang Chung-yuan. Tao: A New Way of Thinking. NY: Harper & Row, 1975.
Ch’en Ku-ying. Lao Tzu.: Text, Notes & Comments. (trans. & adapted by Young, Rhett
& Roger Ames). S.F.: Chinese Materials Center, 1935, 1977.
Cheng Lin. The Works of Lao Tzyy: Truth and Nature. Taipei, Taiwan: World Book Co.,
1949, 1953.
Chiang Hsi-ch’ang. Lao Tzu chiao-ku (Lao Tzu Collated and Explained). Shanghai:
Commercial Press; Taipei: Ming Lun Press, 1937, 1971.
Ch’ien-chih Chu Lao Tzu chiao-shih (Lao Tzu Collated and Explained). Shanghai, Taipei
reprint: Ming Lun Press, 1958, 1971.
Dantzer, V.
Erkes, Eduard. “Ho-Shang-Kung’s Commentary on Lao Tse,” Artibus Asiae, Vols. VIII,
IX & XII. Ascona, Switzerland: Artibus Asiae, 1945, 1950, 1958.
Ernest, Paul.
Evans, G. 1905.
Fu Yi. Chiao-ting ku-pen Lao Tzu.
Giles, Herbert. “The Remains of Lao Tzu,” China Mail, Vol. XIV, pp. 231-280. Hong
Kong, 1886.
Giles, Lionel. The Sayings of Lao Tzu. London: John Murray, 1905, 1950.
Home, A. Roger. The Great Art of Laotse. Exeter: Newbard House, 1972.
Hsuing, Y.T. Lao Tze, Tao Te Ching. Chinese Culture. Vol. 18. Taiwan: China Academy,
June, 1977.
Hughes, Ernest R. “Tao Te Ching,” Chinese Philosophy in Classical Times. London:
J.M. Dent, 1942, 1950.

263
Hu Tse-ling. Lao Tzu, Tao Teh Ching. Chengtu, Szechuan: Canadian Mission Press,
1936.
Huang, Paulos Zhanzhu. Lao Tzu’s Tao Te Ching
Inouye, Shuten. Laotse, Tao Teh King. Tokoyo: Daitokaku, 1928.
Ju-Chou Yang and Edward K. Chook. Lao Tzyy Dow Der Jing. Taipei, 1979.
Julien, Monsieur Stanislaus (French Jesuit).
Kao Heng. Ch’ung-ting Lao Tzu cheng-ku (Revised Collation of the Lao Tzu). Peking:
Chung-hua Press, 1956.
Kaufman, Stephen F. The Living Tao: Meditations on the Tao Te Ching. Tuttle.
Kingsmill, Thomas W. “Tao Teh King,” Shanghai Mercury; The China Review, Vol.
XXIV, 1899.
Kitselman II, A.L. Tao teh king (The way of Peace) of Lao Tzu. Palo Alto, CA: The
School of Simplicity, 1936.
Ko Lien-hsiang. Commentaries on Lao Tzu’s Tao Te Ching. Taipei: L.H. Ke, 1968.
Lao C’en. The Way of the Dao: An Interpretation of the Writings of Lao Tzu. La Jolla,
CA: Day Press, 1980.
Lau, Dim Chuek. Lao Tzu Tao Te Ching. NY: Knopf, 1994. Mawangdui tr.
Leebrick, John R. Tao Teh Ching: Classic of the Way and Its Nature. Urbana, IL: After-
image, 1980.
Li Ying-chang.
Liu I-Ming and Thomas Cleary. Awakening the Tao. Shambhala, 1988.
Lu Te-ming. Lao Tzu yin-i (Pronunciations and Meanings of the Lao Tzu). Taipei: I Wen
Press, 1965.
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