Syllabus Geography 2
Syllabus Geography 2
Syllabus Geography 2
PRAGATI CENTER for IAS | Add: 18/4, 3rd Floor, Old Rajendra Nagar, Opposite Aggarwal Sweets,
New Delhi-110060 Contact:01125812124, 9999793649,8527020751 or visit www.pragatiias.com
Geography Paper II: GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA
Section-A.
i) Physical Setting : Space relationship of India with neighbouring countries; structure and relief; drainage
system and watersheds; physiographic regions; mechanism of Indian monsoons; tropical cyclones and western
disturbances; floods and droughts; climatic regions; natural vegetation, soil types and their distributions.
ii) Resources : Land, surface and groundwater, energy, minerals, and biotic resources, their distribution,
utilisation and conservation; energy crisis.
iii) Agriculture : Infrastructure-irrigation, seeds, fertilizers, power; institutional factors-land holdings, land
tenure and land reforms; agricultural productivity, agricultural intensity, crop combination, land capability;
agro-and social forestry; green revolution and its socio-economic and ecological implications; significance of
dry farming; livestock resources and white revolution; blue revolution; agricultural regionalisation; agro-
climatic zones.
iv) Industry : Evolution of industries; locational factors of cotton, jute, iron and steel, fertiliser, paper, drugs
and pharmaceutical, automobile and cottage industries; industrial complexes and industrial regionalisation;
new industrial policy; multinationals and liberalisation.
v) Transport, Communication and Trade : Road, railway, waterway, airway and pipeline networks and their
complementary roles in regional development; growing importance of ports on national and foreign trade,
trade balance; free trade and export promotion zones; developments in communication technology and its
impact on economy and society.
Section-B
i) Cultural Setting : Historical Perspective of Indian society; Racial, linguistic and ethnic diversities; religious
minorities; major tribes, tribal areas and their problems; role of language, religion and tradition in the
formation of cultural regions; growth, distribution and density of population; demographic attributes-sex-ratio,
age structure, literacy rate, work-force, dependency ratio and longevity; migration (inter-regional, intra-
regional and international) and associated problems, population problems and policies; Health indicators
ii) Settlements : Types, patterns and morphology of rural settlements; urban development; census definition
of urban areas; morphology of Indian cities; functional classification of Indian cities; conurbations and
metropolitan regions; urban sprawl; slums and associated problems; town planning; problems of urbanisation.
iii) Regional Development and Planning: Experience of regional planning in India; Five Year Plans; integrated
rural development programmes; panchayati raj and decentralised planning; command area development;
watershed management; planning for backward area, desert drought-prone, hill and tribal area development;
multi-level planning; geography and regional planning.
iv) Political Aspects : Geographical basis of Indian federalism; state reorganisation; emergence of new states;
regional consciousness, interstate issues and national integration; international boundary of India and related
issues; Cross border terrorism; Geopolitics of South Asia and Indian Ocean realm.
v) Contemporary Issues : Ecological issues; Environmental hazards: landslides, earthquakes, tsunamis, floods
and droughts, epidemics; issues related to environmental pollution; changes in patterns of land use; principles
of environmental impact assessment and environmental management; population explosion and food
security; environmental degradation; problems of agrarian and industrial unrest; regional disparities in
economic development; concept of sustainable growth and development, Environmental awareness; linkages
of rivers; Globalisation and Indian economy.
Note : Candidates will be required to answer one compulsory map question pertinent to subjects covered by
this paper.
PRAGATI CENTER for IAS | Add: 18/4, 3rd Floor, Old Rajendra Nagar, Opposite Aggarwal Sweets,
New Delhi-110060 Contact:01125812124, 9999793649,8527020751 or visit www.pragatiias.com