A

Project Report on

“PROJECT TITLE”

Submitted to
I. K. GUJRAL PUNJAB TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
KAPURTHALA

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the

Award of degree of
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)

Submitted by Project Guide

Himangi jain Mr. Amanpartap Singh Pall
1714017 Assistant Professor
School of IT

(Session 2017 – 2020)

APEEJAY INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT & ENGINEERING TECHNICAL
CAMPUS
JALANDHAR
 Declaration

I himangi jainstudent of BCA (Semester V) of Apeejay Institute of Management &

Engineering Technical Campus, Jalandhar hereby declare that the project entitled
“School Management System” is an original work done by me during my Project
Work.

Date:27 Nov 2019

Himangi Jain
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled “School Management Sytem”
submitted by Ms Himangi Jain is a bonafide piece of work conducted under my
guidance. It may be considered for evaluation in partial fulfillment of the requirement
for the award of degree of Bachelor of Computer Applications.

Project Supervisor
Date:
Mr. Amanpartap Singh Pall
Assistant Professor

BSBC-506 : Project Work Examination of ________ has been held on ____________

and accepted.

Signature of Signature of
Supervisor External Examiner
 ACKNOWLEGEMENT

I have taken efforts in this project. However it would have not been possible without
the kind support and help of many individuals and organizations. I would like to
extend my sincere gratitude to all of them.
First of all, I express my deepest thanks to our college Director Dr. Rajesh Bagga and
Dean Mrs Kulwant Kaur, Dean of Apeejay Institute of Management & Engineering
Technical Campus, for permitting us to undertake this study.
I would like to thank my project guide “Prof. Amanpratap Singh Pall”, who
enlightened us in the system analysis and design aspect of the computer science and
its applications. Without his valuable guidance and suggestions, this report would not
have been seen the light of day.
I would like to express my gratitude towards my parents and member of the
organization for their kind co-operation and encouragement which help me in
completion of this project.
Finally, I am indebted to all whosoever have contributed in this report work and
friendly stay at Apeejay Institute of Management & Engineering Technical Campus,
Jalandhar.

Himangi
1714017
 SCHOOL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

1.INTRODUCTION

School Management System: An Effective Tool for Augumenting the School

Practices The technological advancements have influenced the society so as to
take a leap towards success. Every technological reform is a small step
towards advancement and progress of mankind. Developments in information
technologies have also been impacting upon educational organizations. The
introduction of technology in schools can thus result in a decreased use of
paper and in bringing most of the school office work in an e-format. Thus, the
schools should employ management information systems to improve the
efficiency of administrative services. A school management system (SMS) is a
system or process that provides the information necessary to manage a school
effectively. They provide an objective system for recording and aggregating
information and supports the institution’s strategic goals and direction. The
administrative processes and the official procedures of school can be
simplified by the means of management information systems. School records,
the information about all the students, teachers and other school employees
can efficiently be maintained by means of school management information
systems. On the similar lines, the time-table and attendance records of the
pupils and teachers can be maintained by means of time-table and attendance
management system respectively. Further, the management information
systems can effectively maintain the data pertaining to examination, financial
issues; facilities and assets management of the institutions. To sum up, school
management information systems not only eases the office work but also
ensures the efficient functioning of the schools.It provides time to time event
 information about the school.
It Plays an essential role in the current educational system. School authorities
all over the world are engaged in a lot of day-to-day administrative and
academic activities to manage and provide a better academic experience to
students effectively. However, maintaining and keeping track of school
administrative activities is not an easy process in the fast-growing world. It
requires hard work and often it is time-consuming.To better perform the
school administrative activities of educational institute and to assure parents
the real-time progress and security of their children, educational institutes
utilizes School management system nowadays. Such systems often offer many
features that help to enhance the performance of schools with minimum
efforts. School Management software does it by avoiding the manual paper
works and automation of many academic and administrative activities. Now
let us take a look at why institutes need to implement it.It is the system for
managing daily school works.It is configured to meet indivual school needs.
The School Management System will replace the paper-based data collection
and information exchange system among the various departments of a
particular school and provides an innovative solution for Today’s school
record-keeping challenges.
This school management software will give you room to handle your
responsibilities whether you’re just starting or are an experienced professional.

2.Problem Definition Of School Management System

Managing a high school and bringing together departments and campuses to

achieve the mission is always a big challenge for school management.
Transforming schools system with high technology-enabled automation tools to
support the academic and administrative processes will make it easy to achieve
their goals.

To succeed in everyday tasks of schools, there is an emerging demand to

modernize public education system with cloud, mobile and digital technologies
to improve operational efficiency and manage the institution effectively

Here are some commonly observed school management issues, and how
technological solutions can be employed to do things right:

1. Paper-based processes

Educational institutions are burdened by cumbersome paperwork and manual

processes, and they find it difficult to maintain records on attendence,
fees,admissions , etc., and track the information they need. Using School
Management System, automate academic processes to save time and reduce
staff workload.

2. Admission & Enrollment

Schools are finding hard to achieve admission and enrollment targets. Aligning

people, processes and technology with simple & user-friendly cloud-based
education solution will help institutions to manage information from inquiry
and application to admission and enrollment.

3. Teacher Evaluation  

Tracking the progress of teachers and evaluating the effectiveness of teachers'

work is significant. It  improves communication and collaboration between
evaluators and teachers. Student’s feedback will measure teacher’s performance
in the classroom and the automated evaluation process improves
student learning skills, achievement and success.

4. Communication & Collaboration

There is apparently no platform to provide seamless communication between
students, administrators, staff and teachers. Moreover, increasing student
discipline incidents happen as a result of big communication gap between
students and teachers. Web and mobile-based education management system
improves communication through instant notifications and alerts via email,
SMS and push messages to keep the constituents informed at every step of the
journey to build relationship and improve student retention.

5. Classroom Management Strategy

Schools are finding it difficult to handle tardy students, and solve indiscipline
and behavior issues. Improve classroom environment with discipline tracking
and  to easily handle tardy students and uninformed absences.

6. Student Monitoring

Teachers are struggling to monitor student’s activities including attendance,

leave, discipline, assignments, etc.   School administrators are lacking in result-
based monitoring tools to track student progress. Automate and streamline
student attendance and absenteeism  which delivers real-time status updates of
student activities to support learning needs.

3.SCOPE OF THE SYSTEM

Scope of the system measures the scope of the project, which is going to be
developed. Answering following aspects can answer the project scope:
 1. Context

2. Information objective

3. Function & Performance

4. Interfaces

The system “SCHOOL management system” is a data management of students. All

the details of the students are managed with the help of this package i.e. their Personal
information, fees information & their report generation, with the help of this package
the organization can maintain & manipulate students data. This package has the
provision for adding new records, editing old records, viewing the database, searching
facility, report generation. Scope of the system can be measured with the help of the
dimensions.

1.Context:

This project is related to management of students data and the daily activities of the
authorities with the help of this package the user of this package, which is the
department i.e. administrative will be able to maintain the data through the computer
which will help in increasing he efficiency, accuracy of the department as well as help
in electronic inter change of the data. Administrative department can use this package
to check for the details of the students, whether they have paid their fees amount or
whether it is due to them, through which receipt no. it was paid they can study the
past records analyze the trends.

2.Information objective:
Basically this is related to the Inputs & Outputs to the system. In other way we can
say it is related to the inputs required by the system & outputs generated by the
system.

This package is basically data management package, in which the inputs given by the
user is itself the output of system it performs few calculation like the total cash
received from the students. We can say it is data management package, it provides the
user with front end which is very easy to use.

1. Inputs:
The input to the system is username & password for the system security, their
Personal details like Name, Address, Phone number, admission details, roll no
for data management, their fees details like admission fees, tuition, computer
fee & etc .

2. Outputs: The output for

this system is the maintained records, personal details, fees details, fee status
& report generated. The outputs of the system are the records that were added
in the database as well as the reports that are generated with the help of he data
in the database.

3.Function & Performance:

This dimension measures the scope of the system with the help of functions &
performance of the system. The basic function performed by the system is of data
management & report generation.

The system performs various functions like:

1. Security:
The first function of the system is to provide security from unauthorized
access to the data, which is provided with the help of user name & password at
the beginning of the package. This system is been developed for a single user
hence no rights are employed or we can say administrator is only the user.

2. Data maintenance:
The most important function of the system is to maintain student data, the data
is maintained with the help of different menus like adding, editing, viewing,
searching & etc. There are different kinds of data in the system like personal
information, fees information & cash details with the help of the front end data
is managed.
 3. Report generation:
The last function of the system is to generate reports of the data like student
details report, cash report, fee status report & etc. With the help of this report
the data can be electronically exchanged as well as the reviewing of policies
can be done with the help of reports.
These are some of the basic function performed by the system “Student Data
Management”.

4.Interfaces:
Interfaces are the link between the user and the system, basically we can say
interfaces are the objects through which user of the system interacts with the system.
This system has different interfaces through which user interacts with the system they
are:

1. Login interface:
This is the first interface in which user is required to enter the username &
password if the password is correct then access is granted otherwise not. User
has got three attempts to enter the correct password; if he is not able to enter
the correct password in three attempts then the system is exited.
2. Data maintenance:
This is the most important interface in the system in which the user interacts
with the system to store the data or to retrieve the data from the database, this
interface has got many sub parts like addition of records, editing of records,
searching of records & etc.
3. Reports:
This interface is the output for the system in which the user receives the results
or output, which is required in the form of reports like cash details, student
details & fee status.
 4.OBJECTIVES OF SCHOOL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

1.Student Academic:

 To improve students’ academic performance

 To instill students with intrinsic motivation to learn

 To assist the school, i.e., administrators, teachers, students and support

staff, to reach their academic and behavioral benchmarks and goals.

 To instill Positive Action principles into students’ cognitive,

affective and behavioral learning domains

 To contribute to the teaching and achieving of core performance

standards and outcomes

 To improve students’ behavior

 To develop students’ character

 To develop well-rounded students: including physically,
intellectually, socially and emotionally

 To develop thinking skills, and the use of the six units as a

framework for thinking.
2. School Wide Climate

 To assist the school, i.e., administrators, teachers, students and support staff, to
reach their academic and behavioral benchmarks and goals

 To achieve a violence and drug free school

 To create a positive learning environment throughout the school

 To teach that all activities and curriculum in the school are positive actions,
including content area learning (reading, writing, math, etc.)

3.Training and Staff Development

 To develop teachers who use positive approaches to instruction and classroom

management

 To develop administrators who use positive approaches to leading and school

management.
 5.REQUIREMENTS OF SCHOOL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

With the advent of 21st century, students have become smarter and learn at a face
pace. During such times, it is always a delightful experience for the institution to
upgrade from the old traditional model to a platform which is easy to manage as well
as smart. Schools, these days, try to adopt a modern learning system with School
management system. This paves way for better administration and help teachers to
interact with students and their parents on a regular basis. 
Let's get into some of the vital requirements of a school management system.

1. Track student performance and progress:

One of the most important aspects of a software is to track student’s performance on a

regular basis. As a result, the school management system software must be smart
enough to let the teacher analyse performance of the student. 
This will help them to track the loop holes and help students grow in the right
direction. Moreover, teacher should be able to compare the performance of a student
in particular and know about the overall performance of the class in general.

2. Keep a check on student attendance:

School management software should come with a set of features which manages
student attendance. This will help teachers make sure that the students are on time and
do not engage in proxy marking. If the teacher finds absenteeism by the student, they
can take required action and inform parents about the same.
 3. Availability of the exam schedule at regular intervals:

It should come up with a section where exams can be scheduled on a monthly basis or
small assessment tests on a weekly basis. This will reduce a lot of pressure on the
teachers. 
The schedule should be made available to the students and their parents. In this way,
they will be well-informed about the same which will help them prepare well for the
upcoming test.

4. New room facility feature to boost school's recognition:

Students who perform extraordinary in the academics or who are smart enough to
make a mark in sports deserve recognition and accolades. This calls for a section in
the school management system software which lists such names.
Other than this, its dynamics keeps students updated about cultural and sports news,
various upcoming events and other such social events taking place in the school. This
will foster the active participation of students and prepare well for the same.
 6.FEASIBILITY STUDY

Feasibility is the test of the system it helps in deciding whether it is viable to go

through the project or not. Feasibility study studies the system & tells whether to
develop the system or not. In lay mans terms it can be described as the test of the
system & if the system passes in the test then it is viable to develop the project
otherwise not or we can say feasibility study check’s whether project is feasible or
not.

Feasibility has four solid dimensions:

1. Technology

2. Finance

3. Time

4. Resources

The feasibility of the system “ SCHOOL Management System ” is viewed with the help of
these four dimensions.

Technology: This
system uses one of the simplest technologies in use, for the development purpose it
uses simple to use & easily available technology. This system is based on windows
like interface, which is very easy to use. The project is been developed for the
department, which is not very familiar with software hence technology used, must be
easily understandable, because of which windows like interface has been chosen.

Finance: This
dimension measures the system in respect to money or we can say funds. This
dimension checks whether its viable to spend the required amount on the system or it
will be a waste. There is no problem of finance in this project because it uses simple
technology, which is very easy to install. This system is been developed for a
standalone computer hence for this system hardware requirement is very low. For this
system to be developed & installed properly we require very easily available
technologies & very basic hardware and all these requirements doesn’t cost much.

Time: This
particular dimension measures the systems worth in respect to time, which is one of
the most important factors to be considered. In this project time factor is very
important this system is scheduled to be installed in months time. . Time is a crucial
factor to be considered & we can say this system can be developed within the required
time period.

Resources: This
dimension takes into count the recourses required to develop the system. For this
particular system the resources required are quite nominal which can be fulfilled, the
resources required for this system are basic hardware, an operating which is
compatible with my sql.

With the help of all these dimension we can measure the feasibility of the system &
can decide whether to go forward with the project or not. By take in count the
dimension & their role in this particular system we can say this system is feasible
from all these dimension point of view & it is viable to go through the project.
7.PREPARATION OF SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT
SPECIFICATION

1.OVERVIEW

The project is titled "SCHOOL Data Management System". This project once
developed will help the school/institute to manage various details pertaining to its
students. This will help accounts department in maintaining the details related to the
fees & basic details like their security deposits, conveyance and etc, it will also help
management or we can say administration department in maintaining students basic
details as well as keeping a check on fees details. This project is basically developed
for the authorities of the school/institute to make their task easier or we can say this
paroject automate their tasks like maintaining students personal details,fee details and
staff details.

1.1 NEED FOR PROJECT

The Project is developed to help the department maintaining the student details,
earlier the records where maintained manually, with the help of this project the
concerned departments will be able to improve the productivity, reduce the time, cost
factors associated with the system. The automation of the system will help the
organization in proper maintenance of the record, less manpower, less man-days, less
cost, proper & accurate functioning.

Why System was build…?

  Earlier, data pertaining to students was maintained manually.

 Manual system was not efficient.

 Cost of maintaining data manually was bigger or huge.

 Large manpower was required.

 The procedure was error prone, it was not accurate.

 Manual system was not suited for electronic exchange of data.

Solution…?

The solution for all this problem was to automate the system, automation of the
students data maintenance would reduce the manpower, man days will result in
accurate data & above all increase the efficiency of the concerned department.

2. PROJECT TEAM
I Alone have been completing this project titled “School Management System” by
doing alot of research work and with complete guidance of our teachers.

3. GOALS
To unify the individual, school, family and community with a universal philosophy
and a common language

To encourage accountability across the social stratagy

To develop adults who model and practice the positive actions they are teaching
students and expecting them to use

To teach the intuitive philosophy that you feel good about yourself when you do
positive actions
To teach that thoughts lead to actions, actions lead to feelings about yourself and
feelings lead back to thoughts in a circle

To teach the importance of interconnectedness among social ecologies and influences

To teach positive actions for the physical, intellectual, social and emotional areas

4 PHASES
The project is divided into various phases:
Phase 1: User Requirements
Objectives and goals
Feasibility Study
Preparation of SRS

Phase 2: Business Rules/Validation checks

DBMS Structure

Phase 3: DFD’S
Database Creation

5 CONTENT STRUCTURE
A website contain distinct types of contents.For each content type it must be listed:
Like student its content types are:
Name
Class
Roll no
Phone no

6.Functionality

1. Forecasting:
It is a systematic assessment of future conditions by collecting all sorts of information
about the present position of the system, its present and expected resources and trying
to form a picture in terms of the accepted Philosophy in a particular country to arrive
at a fruitful forecast.

2. Decision-making:

Decision-making is a key factor in educational management as here we have to think

of generations which will be affected by the policies decided. Having considered
various alternative and consequence of each course of action, a suitable course of
action must be determined. Guess work, arbitrary exercise of authority.

4. Organization:

It is the combination of necessary human effort, material equipments in systematic

and effective correlation to accomplish the desired results. Under educational
administration, we organize:

(a) Ideas and principles into school systems, curricular and co-curricular activities,
time schedules, norms of achievement and the like;

(b) Human beings into schools, classes, committees, groups, school staff, the
inspecting staff.

(c) Material into buildings, furniture and equipment, libraries, laboratories,

workshops, museums and art galleries.

5. Cooperation:
It is required of all the elements the persons, material and ideas, knowledge and
principles and so to interweave them as to achieve a common objective and a single
effect. The administration should look into the: (a) relations among people, (b)
allocation of tasks, and (c) division of labour.

6. Evaluation:

Evaluation is a good way to find out the success or failure of a project. Good
measures are required to find out the reasons why it failed or succeeded, which steps
in the process were most successful, what should have been done to improve the
action and what should be done differently at the next trial.

7 . Recording and reporting:

Recording and reporting are essential elements of educational management which is

answerable to the parents, the higher authorities, the society etc.

8. Supervision:

The purpose of supervision is to bring about a continuing improvement in the

instructional programme. Cox and Langfitt write, “Management executes, directs;
supervision advises, stimulates, explains, leads, guides and assists. Both plan, both
diagnose, both inspect, but management decides and orders execution, while
supervision helps to decide and assist in improving instruction.”
7. Programming Languages and Development Tools

Introduction to HTML
Hyper Text Markup Language is very effective language to develop the site. Our
project is prepared in HTML. It also includes the important codes that are used while
we coding a site. It supports the d-html and script languages like VB-Script and Java
Script; here in this project we have used the later one.
HTML is a very simple language, easy to learn and user friendly. It is as popular as it
can use any text editor for coding purposes, and developing web pages is a easy task
here. HTML is the language interpreted by browsers. Web pages are also called
HTML documents. HTML is a set of special Codes that can be emended in text to add
formatting and linking information. HTML is specified as a tags in an HTML
documents i.e the Web page.
Web browsers can read HTML files and render them into visible or audible web
pages. Browsers do not display the HTML tags and scripts, but use them to interpret
the content of the page.
HTML describes the structure of a website semantically along with cues for
presentation, making it a markup language, rather than a programming language.
HTML elements form the building blocks of all websites. HTML allows images and
objects to be embedded and can be used to create interactive forms. It provides a
means to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as
headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items. It can embed scripts written
in languages such as JavaScript which affect the behaviour of HTML web pages.
HTML TAGS
 PARED TAGS:
Tags are instructions that are emended directly into the text of Pair tags called
closed tags because it begin <> and close</>.
 SINGULAR TAGS:
 A singular tags not have a companion tag e.g <BR> Some tags that we used in
our project describe in brief given below:-
<HTML> it is used to start.
<HEAD> it is used to place the information about the program.
<TITLE> it is used to give the title of the information.
<BR> it is used to break a line.
<H1> to <H6> it is used to give the size of the specific heading.

Introduction to CSS
Cascading Style Sheets(CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the
presentation semantics(the look and formatting) of a document written in a markup
language. Its most common application is to style web pages written in HTML and
XHTML, but the language can also be applied to any kind of XML document,
including plain XML.
CSS is a designed primarily to enable the separation of document content(written in
HTML or a similar markup language) from document presentation, including
elements such as the layout, colours, and fonts. This separation can improve content
accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the specification of presentation
characteristics , enable multiple pages to share formatting, and reduce complexity and
repetition in the structural content(such as by allowing for table less web design).
CSS can also allow the same markup page to be presented in different styles for
different rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print ,by voice(when read out by a
speech-based browser or screen reader) and on Braille-based , tactile devices. It can
also be used to allow the web page to display differently depending on the screen size
or device on which it is being viewed.
Simple definition of CSS:
 CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets.
 Styles were added to HTML 4.0 to solve a problem.
 Styles define how to display HTML elements.
 External Style Sheets can save a lot of work.
 External Style Sheets are stored in CSS files.

An “external” CSS style sheet file , as described below, can be associated with an
HTML document using the following syntax:
Syntax:
 <link href=“path/to/file.css”rel=“stylesheet”>
Three types of CSS are:-
 External CSS
 Internal CSS
 Inline CSS

There is even a hierarchy that is somewhere followed while using the CSS. The Inline
CSS has the highest priority.
Inline CSS > Internal CSS > External CSS
Introduction to Java Script
Today’s world need much more than simple HTML. There is a definite need to allow
user to not only browse but interact with web site too. This is traditionally done with
the help of forms, to satisfy such needs java script is a great tool. Moreover it helps in
event driven programs; all these facilities and even more are available with Java
Script.
Java Script is an object oriented language that allows creation of interactive web
pages. Java Script allows user entries which are loaded into an HTML form to be
processed as required. This empowers a web site to return site information according
to a user’s requests.
Java Script offers a great advantage to web developers as a short development cycle,
easy to learn, small size and so on. It needs a browser that is to be java compatible.
The most commonly used is Netscape Communicator, and even the newer versions of
windows browser.
Syntax:
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE= “Java Script”>
//Java Script code snippet written here
</SCRIPT>

Example: To put java script validation on Field Name, here is the method to add js.
<SCRIPT TYPE= “text/script”>
Function validate()
Var FieldName = document.formName.Fieldname.value();
If(FieldName==“”&& FieldName==Null)
{
 Alert(“Name must be filled out”);
Return false;
}
</SCRIPT>
<form name=“formName” method=“POST” onsubmit=“return validate()”>
//code runs here
</form>
The function validate() will be called on the time of form submit. When the user will
click on the form submit button, the function will be called and will check the
conditions. If the conditions will be false, then the function will return error message
in alert type. The most commonly used type is prompt type and the confirm type. The
most commonly used type is prompt box.
The alert box is displayed on the top centre of the whole page. This is the most used
type of JavaScript.
Moreover the data filled can stay longer, which means the user needs not to put the
data again if the error is raised.
Advantages:
The main advantages of Java Script are:
 Can be used as embedded with HTML.
 Minimal syntax, easy to learn.
 Good Performance, procedural qualities, designed for simple, small programs.
 Easy debugging and testing.
 Designed for programming user events.
 Platform independent and architectural neutral.

Introduction to PHP
PHP is an intuitive server side scripting language. Like any other scripting language it
allows developers to build logic into the creation of web pages content and handle
data returned from a web browser. PHP also contains a number of extension that
make it easy to interact with databases, extracting data to be displayed on a web page
and storing information entered by a website visitor back into the database.
 PHP can generate dynamic page content.
 PHP can create , open, read, write, delete, and close files on the server.
 PHP can collect form data.
  PHP can send and receive cookies.
 PHP can add, delete, modify data in your database.
 PHP can be used to control user-access.
 PHP can encrypt data.
 PHP runs on various platforms (Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac OS X, etc)
 PHP is compatible with almost all servers used today (Apache, IIS, etc)
 PHP supports a wide range of databases.
 PHP is free. Download it from the official PHP resource: www.php.net
 PHP is easy to learn and runs efficiently on the server side.

Introduction to Visual Studio

Microsoft Visual Studio is an integrated development environment (IDE) from
Microsoft. It is used to develop computer programs, as well as websites, web apps,
web services and mobile apps. Visual Studio uses Microsoft software development
platforms such as Windows API, Windows Forms, Windows Presentation
Foundation, Windows Store and Microsoft Silverlight. It can produce both native
code and managed code.

Visual Studio includes a code editor supporting IntelliSense (the code completion

component) as well as code refactoring. The integrated debugger works both as a

source-level debugger and a machine-level debugger. Other built-in tools include a
code profiler, designer for building GUI applications, web designer, class designer,
and database schema designer. It accepts plug-ins that enhance the functionality at
almost every level—including adding support for source control systems (like
Subversion and Git) and adding new toolsets like editors and visual designers for
domain-specific languages or toolsets for other aspects of the software development
lifecycle (like the Azure DevOps client: Team Explorer).
Visual Studio supports 36 different programming languages and allows the code
editor and debugger to support (to varying degrees) nearly any programming
language, provided a language-specific service exists. Built-in languages include C,
C++, C++/CLI, Visual Basic .NET, C#, F#, JavaScript, TypeScript, XML, XSLT,
HTML, and CSS. Support for other languages such as Python, Ruby, Node.js, and M
among others is available via plug-ins. Java (and J#) were supported in the past.
The most basic edition of Visual Studio, the Community edition, is available free of
charge. The slogan for Visual Studio Community edition is "Free, fully-featured IDE
for students, open-source and individual developers".
The currently supported Visual Studio version is 2019.
Various features of Visual Studio are as follow:
 Code editor

Like any other IDE, it includes a code editor that supports syntax highlighting and
code completion using IntelliSense for variables, functions, methods, loops, and
LINQ queries. IntelliSense is supported for the included languages, as well as for
XML, Cascading Style Sheets, and JavaScript when developing web sites and web
applications. Autocomplete suggestions appear in a modeless list box over the code
editor window, in proximity of the editing cursor. In Visual Studio 2008 onwards, it
can be made temporarily semi-transparent to see the code obstructed by it. The code
editor is used for all supported languages.
The Visual Studio code editor also supports setting bookmarks in code for quick
navigation. Other navigational aids include collapsing code blocks and incremental
search, in addition to normal text search and regex search. The code editor also
includes a multi-item clipboard and a task list. The code editor supports code snippets,
which are saved templates for repetitive code and can be inserted into code and
customized for the project being worked on. A management tool for code snippets is
built in as well. These tools are surfaced as floating windows which can be set to
automatically hide when unused or docked to the side of the screen. The Visual
Studio code editor also supports code refactoring including parameter reordering,
variable and method renaming, interface extraction, and encapsulation of class
members inside properties, among others.
Visual Studio features background compilation (also called incremental compilation).
As code is being written, Visual Studio compiles it in the background in order to
provide feedback about syntax and compilation errors, which are flagged with a red
wavy underline. Warnings are marked with a green underline. Background
compilation does not generate executable code, since it requires a different compiler
than the one used to generate executable code. Background compilation was initially
introduced with Microsoft Visual Basic, but has now been expanded for all included
languages
 Debugger

Visual Studio includes a debugger that works both as a source-level debugger and as a
machine-level debugger. It works with both managed code as well as native code and
can be used for debugging applications written in any language supported by Visual
Studio. In addition, it can also attach to running processes, monitor, and debug those
processes. If source code for the running process is available, it displays the code as it
is being run. If source code is not available, it can show the disassembly. The Visual
Studio debugger can also create memory dumps as well as load them later for
debugging. Multi-threaded programs are also supported. The debugger can be
configured to be launched when an application running outside the Visual Studio
environment crashes.
The debugger allows setting breakpoints (which allow execution to be stopped
temporarily at a certain position) and watches (which monitor the values of variables
as the execution progresses). Breakpoints can be conditional, meaning they get
triggered when the condition is met. Code can be stepped over, i.e., run one line (of
source code) at a time. It can either step into functions to debug inside it, or step over
it, i.e., the execution of the function body isn't available for manual inspection. The
debugger supports Edit and Continue, i.e., it allows code to be edited as it is being
debugged. When debugging, if the mouse pointer hovers over any variable, its current
value is displayed in a tooltip ("data tooltips"), where it can also be modified if
desired. During coding, the Visual Studio debugger lets certain functions be invoked
manually from the Immediate tool window. The parameters to the method are
supplied at the Immediate window.
 Designer

Visual Studio includes a host of visual designers to aid in the development of

applications. These tools include:
  Windows Forms Designer

The Windows Forms designer is used to build GUI applications using Windows
Forms. Layout can be controlled by housing the controls inside other containers or
locking them to the side of the form. Controls that display data (like textbox, list box
and grid view) can be bound to data sources like databases or queries. Data-bound
controls can be created by dragging items from the Data Sources window onto a
design surface. The UI is linked with code using an event-driven programming model.
The designer generates either C# or VB.NET code for the application.
 WPF Designer

The WPF designer, codenamed Cider, was introduced with Visual Studio 2008. Like
the Windows Forms designer it supports the drag and drop metaphor. It is used to
author user interfaces targeting Windows Presentation Foundation. It supports all
WPF functionality including data binding and automatic layout management. It
generates XAML code for the UI. The generated XAML file is compatible with
Microsoft Expression Design, the designer-oriented product. The XAML code is
linked with code using a code-behind model.
 Web designer/development

Visual Studio also includes a web-site editor and designer that allows web pages to be
authored by dragging and dropping widgets. It is used for developing ASP.NET
applications and supports HTML, CSS and JavaScript. It uses a code-behind model to
link with ASP.NET code. From Visual Studio 2008 onwards, the layout engine used
by the web designer is shared with Microsoft Expression Web. There is also
ASP.NET MVC support for MVC technology as a separate download and ASP.NET
Dynamic Data project available from Microsoft.
 Class designer

The Class Designer is used to author and edit the classes (including its members and
their access) using UML modelling. The Class Designer can generate C# and
VB.NET code outlines for the classes and methods. It can also generate class
diagrams from hand-written classes.
 Data designer

The data designer can be used to graphically edit database schemas, including typed
tables, primary and foreign keys and constraints. It can also be used to design queries
from the graphical view.
 Mapping designer

From Visual Studio 2008 onwards, the mapping designer is used by LINQ to SQL to
design the mapping between database schemas and the classes that encapsulate the
data. The new solution from ORM approach, ADO.NET Entity Framework, replaces
and improves the old technology.
 Other tools
 Open Tabs Browser

The open tabs browser is used to list all open tabs and to switch between them. It is
invoked using CTRL+TAB.
 Properties Editor

The Properties Editor tool is used to edit properties in a GUI pane inside Visual
Studio. It lists all available properties (both read-only and those which can be set) for
all objects including classes, forms, web pages and other items.
 Object Browser

The Object Browser is a namespace and class library browser for Microsoft .NET. It
can be used to browse the namespaces (which are arranged hierarchically) in managed
assemblies. The hierarchy may or may not reflect the organization in the file system.
 Solution Explorer

In Visual Studio parlance, a solution is a set of code files and other resources that are
used to build an application. The files in a solution are arranged hierarchically, which
might or might not reflect the organization in the file system. The Solution Explorer is
used to manage and browse the files in a solution.
 Team Explorer

Team Explorer is used to integrate the capabilities of Azure DevOps (either Azure
DevOps Services or Azure DevOps Server) into the IDE. In addition to version
control integration it provides the ability to view and manage individual work items
(including user stories, bugs, tasks and other documents). It is included as part of a
Visual Studio installation and is also available as a standalone download.
 Data Explorer
Data Explorer is used to manage databases on Microsoft SQL Server instances. It
allows creation and alteration of database tables (either by issuing T-SQL commands
or by using the Data designer). It can also be used to create queries and stored
procedures, with the latter in either T-SQL or in managed code via SQL CLR.
Debugging and IntelliSense support is available as well.
 Server Explorer

The Server Explorer tool is used to manage database connections on an accessible

computer. It is also used to browse running Windows Services, performance counters,
Windows Event Log and message queues and use them as a data source.
 Pre-emptive Protection-Dotfuscator Community Edition

Visual Studio includes a free 'light' version of Dotfuscator by Pre-emptive Solutions

which obfuscates and hardens applications to help secure trade secrets (IP), reduce
piracy/counterfeiting, protect against tampering and unauthorized debugging.
Dotfuscator works with all flavours of .NET including ASP.NET, Xamarin, Unity and
UWP.
 Text Generation Framework

Visual Studio includes a full text generation framework called T4 which enables
Visual Studio to generate text files from templates either in the IDE or via code.
 ASP.NET Web Site Administration Tool

The ASP.NET Web Site Administration Tool allows for the configuration of
ASP.NET websites.
 Visual Studio Tools for Office

Visual Studio Tools for Office is a SDK and an add-in for Visual Studio that includes
tools for developing for the Microsoft Office suite. Previously (for Visual Studio
.NET 2003 and Visual Studio 2005) it was a separate SKU that supported only Visual
C# and Visual Basic languages or was included in the Team Suite. With Visual Studio
2008, it is no longer a separate SKU but is included with Professional and higher
editions. A separate runtime is required when deploying VSTO solutions.
 Extensibility

Visual Studio allows developers to write extensions for Visual Studio to extend its
capabilities. These extensions "plug into" Visual Studio and extend its functionality.
Extensions come in the form of macros, add-ins, and packages. Macros represent
repeatable tasks and actions that developers can record programmatically for saving,
replaying, and distributing. Macros, however, cannot implement new commands or
create tool windows. They are written using Visual Basic and are not compiled. Add-
Ins provide access to the Visual Studio object model and can interact with the IDE
tools. Add-Ins can be used to implement new functionality and can add new tool
windows. Add-Ins are plugged into the IDE via COM and can be created in any
COM-compliant language. Packages are created using the Visual Studio SDK and
provide the highest level of extensibility. They can create designers and other tools, as
well as integrate other programming languages. The Visual Studio SDK provides
unmanaged APIs as well as a managed API to accomplish these tasks. However, the
managed API isn't as comprehensive as the unmanaged one. Extensions are supported
in the Standard (and higher) versions of Visual Studio 2005. Express Editions do not
support hosting extensions.
Visual Studio 2008 introduced the Visual Studio Shell that allows for development of
a customized version of the IDE. The Visual Studio Shell defines a set of VSPackages
that provide the functionality required in any IDE. On top of that, other packages can
be added to customize the installation. The Isolated mode of the shell creates a new
AppId where the packages are installed. These are to be started with a different
executable. It is aimed for development of custom development environments, either
for a specific language or a specific scenario. The Integrated mode installs the
packages into the AppId of the Professional/Standard/Team System editions, so that
the tools integrate into these editions. The Visual Studio Shell is available as a free
download.
After the release of Visual Studio 2008, Microsoft created the Visual Studio Gallery.
It serves as the central location for posting information about extensions to Visual
Studio. Community developers as well as commercial developers can upload
information about their extensions to Visual Studio .NET 2002 through Visual Studio
2010. Users of the site can rate and review the extensions to help assess the quality of
extensions being posted. An extension is stored in a VSIX file. Internally a VSIX file
is a ZIP file that contains some XML files, and possibly one or more DLL's. One of
the main advantages of these extensions is that they do not require Administrator
rights to be installed. RSS feeds to notify users on updates to the site and tagging
features are also planned.
 Introduction to ASP.Net
ASP.NET is a web development platform, which provides a programming model, a
comprehensive software infrastructure and various services required to build up
robust web applications for PC, as well as mobile devices.
ASP.NET works on top of the HTTP protocol, and uses the HTTP commands and
policies to set a browser-to-server bilateral communication and cooperation.
ASP.NET is a part of Microsoft .Net platform. ASP.NET applications are compiled
codes, written using the extensible and reusable components or objects present in .Net
framework. These codes can use the entire hierarchy of classes in .Net framework.
The ASP.NET application codes can be written in any of the following languages:
 C#
 Visual Basic.Net
 Jscript
 J#

ASP.NET is used to produce interactive, data-driven web applications over the

internet. It consists of a large number of controls such as text boxes, buttons, and
labels for assembling, configuring, and manipulating code to create HTML pages.

ASP.NET Web Forms Model

ASP.NET web forms extend the event-driven model of interaction to the web
applications. The browser submits a web form to the web server and the server returns
a full markup page or HTML page in response.
All client side user activities are forwarded to the server for stateful processing. The
server processes the output of the client actions and triggers the reactions.
Now, HTTP is a stateless protocol. ASP.NET framework helps in storing the
information regarding the state of the application, which consists of:
 Page state
 Session state

The page state is the state of the client, i.e., the content of various input fields in the
web form. The session state is the collective information obtained from various pages
the user visited and worked with, i.e., the overall session state. To clear the concept,
let us take an example of a shopping cart.
User adds items to a shopping cart. Items are selected from a page, say the items page,
and the total collected items and price are shown on a different page, say the cart
page. Only HTTP cannot keep track of all the information coming from various
pages. ASP.NET session state and server side infrastructure keeps track of the
information collected globally over a session.
The ASP.NET runtime carries the page state to and from the server across page
requests while generating ASP.NET runtime codes, and incorporates the state of the
server side components in hidden fields.
This way, the server becomes aware of the overall application state and operates in a
two-tiered connected way.
The ASP.NET Component Model
The ASP.NET component model provides various building blocks of ASP.NET
pages. Basically it is an object model, which describes:
 Server side counterparts of almost all HTML elements or tags, such as <form>
and <input>.
 Server controls, which help in developing complex user-interface. For
example, the Calendar control or the Grid view control.

ASP.NET is a technology, which works on the .Net framework that contains all web-
related functionalities. The .Net framework is made of an object-oriented hierarchy.
An ASP.NET web application is made of pages. When a user requests an ASP.NET
page, the IIS delegates the processing of the page to the ASP.NET runtime system.
The ASP.NET runtime transforms the .aspx page into an instance of a class, which
inherits from the base class page of the .Net framework. Therefore, each ASP.NET
page is an object and all its components i.e., the server-side controls are also objects.
Components of .Net Framework 3.5
Before going to the next session on Visual Studio.Net, let us go through at the various
components of the .Net framework 3.5. The following table describes the components
of the .Net framework 3.5 and the job they perform:
Components and their Description
(1) Common Language Runtime or CLR
It performs memory management, exception handling, debugging, security checking,
thread execution, code execution, code safety, verification, and compilation. The code
that is directly managed by the CLR is called the managed code. When the managed
code is compiled, the compiler converts the source code into a CPU independent
intermediate language (IL) code. A Just In Time(JIT) compiler compiles the IL code
into native code, which is CPU specific.
(2) .Net Framework Class Library
It contains a huge library of reusable types. classes, interfaces, structures, and
enumerated values, which are collectively called types.
(3) Common Language Specification
It contains the specifications for the .Net supported languages and implementation of
language integration.

(4) Common Type System

It provides guidelines for declaring, using, and managing types at runtime, and cross-
language communication.
(5) Metadata and Assemblies
Metadata is the binary information describing the program, which is either stored in a
portable executable file (PE) or in the memory. Assembly is a logical unit consisting
of the assembly manifest, type metadata, IL code, and a set of resources like image
files.
(6) Windows Forms
Windows Forms contain the graphical representation of any window displayed in the
application.
(7) ASP.NET and ASP.NET AJAX
ASP.NET is the web development model and AJAX is an extension of ASP.NET for
developing and implementing AJAX functionality. ASP.NET AJAX contains the
components that allow the developer to update data on a website without a complete
reload of the page.
(8) ADO.NET
It is the technology used for working with data and databases. It provides access to
data sources like SQL server, OLE DB, XML etc. The ADO.NET allows connection
to data sources for retrieving, manipulating, and updating data.
(9) Windows Workflow Foundation (WF)
It helps in building workflow-based applications in Windows. It contains activities,
workflow runtime, workflow designer, and a rules engine.
(10) Windows Presentation Foundation
It provides a separation between the user interface and the business logic. It helps in
developing visually stunning interfaces using documents, media, two and three
dimensional graphics, animations, and more.
(11) Windows Communication Foundation (WCF)
It is the technology used for building and executing connected systems.
(12) Windows CardSpace
It provides safety for accessing resources and sharing personal information on the
internet.
(13) LINQ
It imparts data querying capabilities to .Net languages using a syntax which is similar
to the tradition query language SQL.
Why ASP.NET?
There are a lot of reasons which makes the ASP.NET popular among the developers.
Some of the reasons are listed below:
 Extending .NET Framework: ASP.NET is a subset of .NET Framework as it
extends the .NET Framework with some libraries and tools to develop web
apps. The thing that it adds to the .NET Framework is Libraries for common
web patterns like MVC, Editor Extensions, the base framework to process the
web requests, and web-page templating syntax like Razor, etc.
 Performance: It is faster than the other web frameworks available in the
market.
 Backend Code: With the help of ASP.NET you can write the backend code
for data access and any logic in C#.
 Dynamic Pages: In ASP.NET, Razor provides the syntax for developing the
dynamic web pages with the help of C# and HTML. ASP.NET can be
integrated with JS(JavaScript) and it also includes the frameworks like React
and Angular for the SPA(Single Page Application.)
 Supporting different OS: You can develop and execute ASP.NET apps on
Windows, Linux, Docker, and MacOS. The Visual Studio provides the to
build .NET apps different OS.
 Introduction to Database
 MySQL is a fast, easy-to-use RDBMS used being used for many small and big
businesses. MySQL is developed, marketed, and supported by MySQL AB,
which is a Swedish company. MySQL is becoming so popular because of
many good reasons.
 MySQL is released under an open-source license. So you have nothing to pay
to use it.
 MySQL is a very powerful program in its own right. It handles a large subset
of the functionality of the most expensive and powerful database packages.
 MySQL uses a standard form of the well known SQL data language.
 MySQL works on many operating systems and with many languages including
PHP, PERL, C, C++, JAVA etc.
 MySQL works very quickly and works well even with large data sets.
 MySQL is very friendly to PHP, the most appreciated language for web
development.
 MySQL supports large databases, up to 50 million rows or more in a table.
The default file size limit for a table is 4GB, but you can increase this(if your
operating system can handle it) to a theoretical limit of 8 million
terabytes(TB).
 MySQL is customizable. The open source GPL license allows programmers to
modify the MySQL software to fit their own specific environments.
 DESIGN OF THE SYSTEM

DESIGN
Introduction
Software design sits at the technical kernel of the software engineering process and is
applied regardless of the development paradigm and area of application. Design is the
first step in the development phase for any engineered product or system. The
designer’s goal is to produce a model or representation of an entity that will later be
built. Beginning, once system requirement have been specified and analyzed, system
design is the first of the three technical activities – design, code and test that is
required to build and verify software.
The importance can be stated with the single word “Quality”. Design is the place
where quality is fostered in software development. Design provides us with
representation of software that can assess for quality. Design provides us with
representation of software that can assess for quality. Design is the only way that we
can accurately translate a customer’s view into a finished software product or system.
Software design serves as a foundation for all the software engineering steps that
follow. Without a strong design we risk building an unstable system- one that will be
difficult to test, one whose quality cannot be assessed until the last stage.
During design, progressive refinement of data structure, program structure, and
procedural details are developed reviewed and documented. System design can be
viewed from either technical or project management perspective. From the technical
point of view, design is comprised of four activities- architectural design, data
structure design, interface design and procedural design.
 HARDWARE & SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT

HARDWARE REQUIREMENT:

Hardware requirement are the basic need of the system or the package, which is been
developed and will be deployed upon the system, which should have these basic
components or fulfill these basic hardware needs of these package.

The following hardware is recommended for the user.

Microprocessor: PIII500 MHz.

Cache Memory: 512 KBL2

Upgrade ability: Processor, RAM and HDD Upgradeable

HDD: 9.1 GB Wide ultra SCSI-3 HDD

Floppy Drive: 24x CD ROM Drive (IDE)

Keyboard: 104 Keys Enhanced Keyboard

Mouse: 2 Button Scroll Mouse

Graphics: 1024x768, 256 colors non-interlaced on PCL Local Bus

Monitor: 15” SGA Color monitor

Software Requirements:

Software requirement are the basic software needs of the system or the package to
work properly & efficiently.
Operating System: Windows-98

RDBMS: Mysql

DFD’S

DFD: It stands for

Data flow diagram it is a diagrammatic representation of the data objects of the system.
Basically DFD is a way to show the how the data is processed in the system, it shows
how data moves at different stages in the system. DFD is a graphical representation
that depicts information flow & the transformations that are applied as data moves
from input to output. It is also used to represent a system or software at any level of
abstraction it can be partitioned into levels that represent increasing information flow
& functional details.

Data Flow Diagram serves two purposes:

1. To provide annunciation of how data are transformed as they move through the
system.

2. To depict the functions that transforms the data flow.

DFDs are a excellent mechanism for communicating with the customer during
requirement analysis and are widely used for the representation of external and top-
level internal design specification. In the latter situations, DFDs are quite valuable for
subsystem, files and data links. The DFD methodology is quite effective, especially
when the required design is unclear. In the process, many levels of DFDs are created
depending upon the level of details needed.

The Level 0 DFD is also called Context Level DFD. It depicts the overview of the
entire system. The major external entities, a single process and the output stores
constitute the level-0 DFD. Though this diagram does not depict the system in detail, it
represents the overall inputs, process and output of the entire system at a very high
level.
LEVEL 0 DFD OF “STUDENT
DATA MANAGEMENT”

User name &

Password

Storin
g
Modif
ying

Details of
And Students
Retrie
ving
Stude
nts
Data
 FLOW CHART OF
STUDENT DATA MANAGEMENT

START

Read User Name

& Password

Matching of
Password

Yes

No
If
Password 3 Attempts at
Password accepted

Yes

Option shown:
MDI FORM
 Processing &
Manipulation of
Student records

Stop
 DATABASE DESIGN

1.STAFF

FIELD NAME NULL TYPE

EMPNO NOT NULL NUMBER(10)
EMPNAME VARCAHR(10)
ADDRESS VARCHAR(30)
MOBILENO NUMBER(15)
DOJ DATE
DEPT VARCHAR(15)

2.STUDENT
FIELD NAME NULL TYPE
REGNO NOT NULL NUMBER(15)
ROLLNO NOT NULL NUMBER(15)
NAME VARCHAR(10)
CLASS VARCHAR(10)
ADDRESS VARCHAR(10)
DOB DATE

3.FEE

FIELD NAME NULL TYPE

REGNO NOT NULL NUMBER(15)
ROLLNO NOT NULL NUMBER(15)
CLASS VARCHAR(10)
FEEDEPT VARCHAR(10)
 Bibliography
Books Referred:
 ASP.NET 4.0 in Practice By Daniel Bochicchio

Website Referred:
 www.w3schools.com
 www.google.com