SUMMER TRAINING REPORT

ON

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES

“WIRELESS COMMUNICATION,

CLOUD COMPUTING,

CORE NETWORK.”

Subject Code:ECE 394

SESSION 2019-2020

SHARDA UNIVERSITY

Submitted To: Submitted By :

Mr.Bupender P Dinesh
Training Guide B.Tech 3rd Year
Place:Sec 15,Noida
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that I P DINESH Student of B.Tech 3rd year from Sharda
University, GR.Noida of Electronics and Communication engineering has
completed his Summer Training successfully in 48 days (from 22 nd July 2017-22nd
January 2018) from Indovision Services, Noida, Uttar Pradesh

Guided BY:
Mr.Bupender
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In an organization, be one man working in isolation can achieve it an industry, a school or
society, no outcomes. It’s always a group working and achieving the outcome in totality. It
is the outcome of all the guidance and support that we received from this organization.

I would like to special thank Mr.Bupender- for having arrangement of our training in this
organization.

In my prior list, I would like to express my profound sense of gratitude to the authorities of
“INDOVISION SERVICES PVT LIMITED”& Mr.Bupender under whose guidance & supervision
the present study has been carried out.

I am very grateful to Mr.Bupender who always spread their valuable time to steer me
through this project work with smiling face & I am also thankful to all the staff members of
HR department.

I am indebted to all the field operators who took time off from their busy working schedule
and explained me even the minutest details, ensuring my queries and showing me the
whole periphery. Last but not the least we would like to thanks our teachers without whose
feedback and encouragement, this project would not have been possible. There help has
gone a long way in successful completion of my project in an organisation, be it an industry,
a college or society, no outcomes can be achieved by that we received from this
organisation.

Debts being various are not easy to remember. Therefore finally, i express my best gratitude
to all who have directly or indirectly assisted, guided and supported me in completing this
task. My special thanks to my friends for constant support and feedback that has enabled to
perform this dissertation

P Dinesh
Greater noida
 PREFACE

The report is hard intends to reflect some issues covered under the Indovision Services .
The total aspects have been formulated and presented on the basis of ideas and information
gathered by this investigator during a shorter span of project training i.e. an important
portion of the B.E. curriculum leading to an opportunity for the participant to have a
practical exposure of the content under the topic beyond what has already been studies
during the classroom interaction.

This report has been written in response to a comprehensive study conducted on subjects
taught by INDOVISION SERVICES LIMITED . This report mentions and evaluates the various
aspects, pertaining to the distribution channel of the company. After a thorough analysis of
the various facts stand figure, a set of recommendation has been given at the end of report.

Accuracy and precision has been given the prime consideration, while compiling the report,
the authoritative and authentic.

I am confident that anyone who goes through this report will learn how much I learnt and
benefited during this period.

P Dinesh
Greater noida
 INTRODUCTION

A US $40 billion corporation, the Aditya Birla Group is in the League of Fortune 500. It is
anchored by an extraordinary force of over 133,000 employees, belonging to 42 different
nationalities. The Group has been ranked Number 4 in the Global 'Top Companies for
Leaders’ survey and ranked Number 1 in Asia Pacific for 2011. 'Top Companies for Leaders'
is the most comprehensive study of organisational leadership in the world conducted by
Aon Hewitt, Fortune Magazine and RBL (a strategic HR and Leadership Advisory firm).

Over 53 per cent of its revenues flow from its overseas operations. The Group operates in
36 countries – Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, China, Egypt, France, Germany,
Hungary, India, Indonesia, Italy, Ivory Coast, Japan, Korea, Laos, Luxembourg, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Philippines, Poland, Russia, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden,
Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Turkey, UAE, UK, USA and Vietnam.
Globally, the Aditya Birla Group is:
 A metal powerhouse, amongst the world most cost efficient aluminium and copper
producer. Hindalco novelis is the largest aluminium rolling company. It is one of the
three biggest producers of aluminium in Asia, with the largest single location copper
smelter.
 No. 1 in viscose staple fibre.
 No. 1 in carbon black.
 The fourth largest producer of insulators.
 The fifth largest producer of acrylic fibre.
 Among the top ten cement producers.
 Amongst the best efficient fertilizer plants.
 The largest Indian MNC with manufacturing operation in the USA.
In India:
 A top fashion (branded apparel) and lifestyle player.
 The second largest player in viscose filament yarn.
 The largest producer in chloro - alkali sector.
 Among the top three mobile telephony company.
 A leading player in life insurance and asset management.
 Among the top two supermarket chains in the retail business.
 Among the top 10 BPO companies.

Rock solid in fundamentals, the Aditya Birla group nurtures a culture where success does
not come in the way of the need to keep learning afresh, to keep experimenting.
Beyond business the Aditya Birla group:
 Works in 3000 villages.
 Reaches out to seven million people, annually through the aditya Birla centre for
community initiative and rural development, spearheaded by Mrs. Rajashree Birla.
 Focuses on healthcare, education and sustainable livelihood, infrastructure and
espousing social reform in India, Egypt and Philippines, Thailand, Laos, Indonesia,
Korea and brazil.

In India:
 Our group runs 42 schools, which provides quality education to 45000 children’s.
of these, over, 18000 children receive free education.
 Its 18 hospitals tend to more than a million villagers.
 In line with its commitment to sustainable development, has partnered with
Columbia global centre’s earth institute in Mumbai.
 To embed CSR as a way of life in organisations has set up the FICCI – Aditya Birla
CSR Centre for Excellence, in Delhi.

Transcending the conventional barriers of business because we believe it is our duty

to facilitate inclusive growth.

Global its ranks as

 A metals powerhouse, among the world's most cost-efficient aluminium and copper
producers. Hindalco-Novelis from its fold is a Fortune 500 company. It is the largest
aluminium rolling company. It is one of the three biggest producers of primary
aluminium in Asia, with the largest single location copper smelter.
 No. 1 in viscose staple fibre.
 The 4th largest producer of insulators.
 The 4th largest producer of carbon black.
 The 11th largest producer of cement and the largest in a single geography.
 Asia‘s largest integrated aluminium producer.
 The world‘s largest single location world-scale Copper smelter.
 Among the world‘s lowest cost Aluminium producers.
 Among the world's top 15 BPO companies and among India's top three.

In India:

 India‘s largest integrated Aluminium producer.

 Indian‘s premier branded garments player.
 2nd largest producer of viscose filament yarn.
 Among the top five mobile telephony companies.
 A leading player in life insurance and asset management.
 Among the top three supermarket chains in the retail business.
 Group companies:

 Grasim Industries Ltd.

 Hindalco Industries Ltd.
 Aditya Birla Nuvo Ltd.
 Shree Digvijay Cement CO. Ltd
 Ultra Tech Cement

Indian companies:

 PSI Data Systems

 TransWorks
 Essel Mining & Industries Ltd.
 Shree Digvijay Cement Ltd.
 Idea Cellular Ltd.
 Birla NGK Insulators
 Bihar Caustic and Chemicals Ltd.

Sectors:

 Aluminium
 Copper
 Cement
 Carbon Black
 Textiles
 Fertilizers
 Chemical
 Insulator
 Gas
 Software
 BPO
 Telecom
 Retail
 Finance And Insurance

Vision :-

To be a premium global conglomerate with a clear focus on each business.

Mission :-

To deliver superior value to our customers, shareholders, employees and society at large.
 OVERVIEW
A GLIMPSE OF HISTORY

HINDALCO INDUSTRIES LIMITED, a flagship company of the ADITYA BIRLA GROUP, is

structured into two strategic business- Aluminium & Copper, and is an industry leader in
both these segments. A non-ferrous metals powerhouse, close to globe scale, it ranks
among India‘s top 10 companies in terms of market capitalization. In Financial year 2006-07,
HINDALCO recorded a turnover of Rs18313.00crore.

It was set up in collaboration with ―KAISER ALUMINIUM & CHEMICALS CORPORATION

USA , in a record time of 18 months. The plant started its commercial production in the year
1962 with a capacity of 20,000 tons per annum.

The company has grown manifold and is managed by Board of Directors, with Mr. KUMAR
MANGALAM BIRLA as the Chairman of Board of Directors. Day to day affairs of the company
is managed by Professional Executives headed by Sri D.K KOHLI as the Chief Operations
Officer- Aluminium & Power.

Novelis Acquisition

Aditya Birla Group‘s Hindalco Industries Limited, NOVELIS Inc have entered into a definitive
agreement for HINDALCO to acquire NOVELIS in an all cash transaction which values
NOVELIS at approximately US6$ billion, including approximately US2.4$ billion of debt.

NOVELIS is the world‘s largest producer of rolled Aluminium, and recycle of Aluminium cans,
with 12500 employees in all 11 countries, a market value of $2.9 billion and $3.2 billion of
debt. It was spun off from Canadian Aluminium Company Alcan but incorporated in Atlanta,
USA.

Carbon black

The group entered the carbon black business in 1980 with its first plant in Thailand. Eight
years later, it built another plant at Renukoot in Uttar Pradesh. In 1994 the group
commenced carbon black production in Alexandria in Egypt.

After its new plant at Goomidi poondi near Chennai going on stream, the AV Birla group`s
carbon black capacity has expanded to 3.1 lakh tpa.
Extrusion

Hindalco has two extrusion plants in India, one at Renuloot, Uttar Pradesh, and the other at
Alupuram, Kerala. Both plants have well-established manufacturing processes and Q. A.
systems honed over five decades of experience.

FACTFILE
Aluminium

 World‘s largest aluminium rolling company.

 One of the biggest producers of primary aluminium in Asia.

 Market share of 48 percent.

 One of the lowest-cost producers of aluminium in the world.

 Over 58 percent of sales in value-added products.

 Fully integrated aluminium plant at Renukoot, UP.

 Aluminium wheels plant at Silvassa, in Dadra & Nagar Haveli.

 Foil plants at Silvassa. Foil unit of Indal at Kollur.

 Alumina refining capacity of 1,160,000 TPA going up to 1,500,000 TPA.

 Aluminium metal producing capacity of 445,000 TPA.

Aluminium properties

The major advantages of using aluminium are tied directly to its

remarkable properties. Some of these properties are outlined in the
following sections.

 Strength to weight ratio: Aluminium has a density around one third that of
steel and is used advantageously in applications where high strength and low
weight are required. This included vehicles where low mass results in grater
lode capacity and reduction fuel consumption.

 Corrosion resistance: When the surface of aluminium metal is exposed to

air, a protective oxide coating forms almost instantaneously. This oxide layer is
corrosion, resistant and can be further enhanced with surface treatments such
as anodizing.

 Electrical and thermal conductivity: Aluminium is an excellent conductor of

both heat and electricity. The great advantage of aluminium is that by weight,
the conductivity of aluminium is around twice that of copper. This means that
aluminium is now the most commonly used material in large power
transmission lines including domestic wiring. Weight consideration means that
a large property of overhead, high voltage power lines now use aluminium
rather than copper.

 Light and heat reflectivity: Aluminium is a good reflector of both visible

light and heat marketing it an ideal material for light fittings, thermal rescue
blankets and architectural insulation.
 Toxicity: Aluminium is not only non-toxic but also does not release any
odours or taint products with which it is in contact. This makes aluminium
suitable for use in packing for sensitive products such as food or
pharmaceutical where aluminium foil is used.

 Recyclability: The Recyclability of aluminium is unparalleled. When recycled

there is no digression in properties when recycled aluminium is compared to
virgin aluminium. Furthermore, recycling of aluminium only require around 5%
of the input energy required to produce virgin aluminium metal.

APPLICATION OF ALUMINIUM

In construction industry: Aluminium &aluminium alloys have a number of

properties, which make them ideal for use in building and construction
industry. These properties include light weight combined with high strength,
good resistant to corrosion, visual attractiveness without the need for panting,
low maintenance and handling cost and in the case of structural, materials,
reduces building time and cost as the materials are easier to handle, and
involve the use of lighter, cheaper cranes and other materials handling
equipment. Aluminium is used in the both the structure and fittings of
residential and non- residential buildings. The main uses are roofing and
cladding and in window & doorframes, but there are many other uses, some
are as follows:
 • Solar panels
• Window door &general application
• Architectural hardware furniture
• Grills
• Ventilation blind
• Foil insulating
• Capping strip rain water guttering
• Shower boxes
• Casemate window
• Roller shutter

In packing industries: Aluminium metal can is used in a variety of products

packing. Use of Aluminium metal cans, include industrial products and
consumer durable products; such as milk &milk products, fresh fishes, soft
drink etc. Innovation of Aluminium foil has also a silent future in packing the
products. Foil can be used as a household or commercial wrapping, either
alone or in commercial wrapping, in the form of laminates with their materials.
Foil containers are widely used for the packing of food, especially frozen food.

foil containers inside them, which collapse as the contests are drawn off and
prevent the ingress of air, which of air which oxidizes and spoil the remaining
contents.

Foil is used as on oxygen-tight seal in the packing of dry powders like coffee
and foil seals are also under development to provide tamper-proof seals for
pharmaceuticals. Many pharmaceuticals in tablet from are contained in foil
packages, which permit individual tablets to be removed without opening the
others up to the air.

Major applications in the fields are as follows:

• Pharmaceutical packing
• Tea industries
• Aluminium cans for milk
• Dairy products packing
• Multiply laminates
• Electrical power applications
• Collapsible tube
• Powder & chemicals
• Colours
 • Aseptic packing
• Flexible food packing

In transport isdustry: Aluminium alloys are used in the construction of almost

all type of transport equipment. The most widely publicized application for
aluminium is in aircraft, through this in one of the smelter application in term
of the tonnage consumed. The largest end use in the road vehicles, both
passengers‘car & commercial vehicles, and it is also used in railway rolling
stock and in the construction of naval and merchant ships and small boats.
largest outlet for Aluminium amongst road vehicles is in passenger cars, which
though smaller than commercial vehicles are build in very large numbers.

• Such as:
• Aero plane
• Commercial aircraft
• Passenger cars
• Bus and bus shelter
• Railways
• Bicycles &bikes
• Ship &ship building
• Trucks
• Light motor vehicles

In automotive industry: The use of aluminium in construction of passenger

cars is far from new. In the UK the ROVER Company has made extensive of
aluminium in body work

for over 40 years, starting with him LAND ROVER 1948 than notably in the
ROVE 75 and ROVER90 series (1949-1964) and ROVER 2000. All the models of
vehicles concerned, where by the standards of the times during which they
were build, low volume models. Aluminium is still more widely used in low
volume, high performance, highly priced models of automobiles then in the
high volume production models, which account for most of the passenger car
produce. The consumption of aluminium and light weight materials in the
manufactures of passenger car is governed by consideration of safety of fuel
efficiency, in emission control and cost

Today, the per capita consumption of aluminium in automotive sectors

accounts for 22% of total per capita consumption of aluminium in India.
Globally, the sector holds 25% of the total consumption. Examples of parts
being converted from other traditional materials to aluminium include, but are
not limited to the following:
 • Wheels
• Bumper beams
• Break drum & other break components
• Radiators
• Cylinder heads & blocks
• Stearing housings
• Chryher designee engines
• Doorframes, sills, steps, roof bows, ride pots.
• Extrusions are used for flat truck beds, tanks, van bodies,
dumpier bodies and other application.

In aviation industry: Major applications are follows:

• Military & civil aircraft

• Airframe construction
• Aircraft gas turbines
• Spacecraft & satellites
• Missile & rocket components
• Light aircraft
• Micro light aircraft
• Hang gliders, etc.

IN RAILWAYS: Major applications are as follows:

• Wagons
• Doors
• Window
• Decorative frames, etc

As example: METRO TRAIN in India

In electrical industry: Major applications are also in following electrical fields:

• Electrical components
• Cabinet frame
• Motor body
• Light fixture
• Cable core
• Electronic components
• Telephone parts
• Transmission tower
• Transmission line.

In consumer durables: Major applications are also in following fields:

• Cookers
• Refrigerators
• Freezers
• Vacuum cleaners
• Washing machines
• Dishwashers
• Ice tray & grid
• Stove top pots
• Steam jacketed kettles
• Gas fired kettles
• A.C Filter grill
• Water filter
• Furniture
• Hangers
Product Line Up Of Hindalco
1)Aluminium Metal

2)Flat Rolled Products

3)Extruded Products

4)Redraw Rods

5)Aluminium Foils

6)Alloy Wheels

7)copper Cathode

8)Cast Copper Rod

Head Office

Head office of HINDALCO is located at Mumbai.

Units of manufacturing Hindalco in India

 BELPUR, HOWRAH (WEST BENGAL)

 MOUDA, NAGPUR (MAHARASHTRA)
 RENUKOOT, SONEBHADRA (UTTAR PRADESH)
 TALOZA, NAVI MUMBAI (MAHARASHTRA)

Logistics

Market-logistics means ―getting the right goods to the right places, at the right time, for
the most effective cost . Four major decisions must be made with regard to market
logistics;

1.Order processing

2.Warehousing

3.Inventory

4.Transportation

Now on the basis of our study we will explain HINDALCO market logistics decisions. Order
Processing How should orders be handled? The most important factor is order to
payments cycles. This means the elapsed time between the order received, delivery and
payments.

Order processing time

 The HINDALCO orders the vendors and it is processed either same or next day.

Warehousing

HINDALCO has there its own warehouses at all manufacturing units. All expenses are
beard by the company as all the warehouses are company owned & insured.
 How much stock should be held is the objective of inventory. Sales people would like
their companies to carry enough stock to fill all their customers order immediately.

Transportation

How the goods are to be shipped is solved by transportation decisions. There are five
transportation modes; rail, air, truck, water, way. Criteria such as speed, frequency,
dependability, capability, availability and cost help in the choice of transportation.
FLOW CHARTS OF CARBON PLANT

1. Process Flow Chart of Green Anode Plant:

Anodes are made of carbon containing as few impurities as possible Calcined Petroleum
coke and Pitch as a blinder are used for raw materials
A galvanic anode is the main component of a galvanic cathodic protection (CP) system used
to protect buried or submerged metal structures from corrosion.
They are made from a metal alloy with a more "active" voltage (more negative reduction
potential / more positive electrochemical potential) than the metal of the structure. The
difference in potential between the two metals means that the galvanic anode corrodes, so
that the anode material is consumed in preference to the structure.
The loss (or sacrifice) of the anode material gives rise to the alternative name of sacrificial
anode.
Anode Materials
There are three main metals used as galvanic anodes, magnesium, aluminum and zinc. They
are all available as blocks, rods, plates or extruded ribbon. Each material has advantages
and disadvantages.
Magnesium has the most negative electro potential of the three (see galvanic series) and is
more suitable for areas where the electrolyte (soil or water) resistivity is higher. This is
usually on-shore pipelines and other buried structures, although it is also used on boats in
fresh water and in water heaters. In some cases, the negative potential of magnesium can
be a disadvantage: if the potential of the protected metal becomes too negative, hydrogen
ions may be evolved on the cathode surface leading to hydrogen embrittlement or to
disbonding of the coating. Where this is a possibility, zinc anodes may be used.
Zinc and aluminum are generally used in salt water, where the resistivity is generally lower.
Typical uses are for the hulls of ships and boats, offshore pipelines and production
platforms, in salt-water-cooled marine engines, on small boat propellers and rudders, and
for the internal surface of storage tanks.
Zinc is considered a reliable material, but is not suitable for use at higher temperatures, as
it tends to passivate (the oxide formed shields from further oxidation); if this happens,
current may cease to flow and the anode stops working. Zinc has a relatively low driving
voltage, which means in higher-resistivity soils or water it may not be able to provide
sufficient current. However, in some circumstances — where there is a risk of hydrogen
embrittlement, for example — this lower voltage is advantageous, as overprotection is
avoided.
Aluminum anodes have several advantages, such as a lighter weight, and much higher
capacity than zinc. However, their electrochemical behavior is not considered as reliable as
zinc, and greater care must be taken in how they are used. Aluminum anodes will passivate
where chloride concentration is below 1,446 parts per million.
One disadvantage of aluminum is that if it strikes a rusty surface, a large thermite spark
may be generated, therefore its use is restricted in tanks where there may be explosive
atmospheres and there is a risk of the anode falling.
Since the operation of a galvanic anode relies on the difference in electro potential
between the anode and the cathode, practically any metal can be used to protect some
other, providing there is a sufficient difference in potential. For example, iron anodes can
be used to protect copper.

Design considerations
The design of a galvanic anode CP system should consider many factors, including the type
of structure, the resistivity of the electrolyte (soil or water) it will operate in, the type of
coating and the service life.
The primary calculation is how much anode material will be required to protect the
structure for the required time. Too little material may provide protection for a while, but
need to be replaced regularly. Too much material would provide protection at an
unnecessary cost. The mass in kg is given by equation
Mass = (Current Required x Design Life x 8760 % (Utilisation Factor x  
 
Anode Capacity)  

 The design life is in years (1 year = 8760 hours).

 The utilisation factor (UF) of the anode is a constant value, depending on the shape
of the anode and how it is attached, which signifies how much of the anode can be
consumed before it ceases to be effective. A value of 0.8 indicates that 80% of the
anode can be consumed, before it should be replaced. A long slender standoff anode
(installed on legs to keep the anode away from the structure) has a UF value of 0.9,
whereas the UF of a short, flush mounted anode is 0.8.
 Anode capacity is an indication of how much material is consumed as current flows
over time. The value for zinc in seawater is 780 Ah/kg but aluminium is 2000
Ah/kg, which means that, in theory, aluminium can produce much more current than
zinc before being depleted and this is one of the factors to consider when choosing a
particular material.
The amount of current required corresponds directly to the surface area of the metal
exposed to the soil or water, so the application of a coating drastically reduces the mass
of anode material required. The better the coating, the less anode material is needed.
2. For Baking Furnace:
Anode baking is the most expensive step in the carbon anode manufacture. Therefore,
management is focusing on this process step to reduce cost. As the anode quality is greatly
determined by the baking process, cost saving results often in an undesired loss of anode
quality. Such substandard anodes represents significant costs for the smelter operation and
should be avoided by all means.
Optimized furnace operation shall achieve the highest furnace output, the best achievable
anode quality, lowest energy consumption, minimized emission level and smallest possible
workload. However, in reality furnaces are often suffering from various problems and
obstructions which cause considerable costs.
During the last 30 years Hindalco developed and installed firing control systems in 33
furnaces with more than 80 fires. Today, however, we refrain from supplying firing control
systems. Instead we are focusing in the area of anode bake furnace on research and
development, audits and optimizations. Our worldwide activities on furnaces of any design
and any control system allows us to improve substantially the furnace operation and the
anode quality. As a consequence Hindalco contributes substantially to reducing metal
production costs and to lowering capital investment for production plants. 
Bake furnace operation and achieved anode quality are strongly interlinked with the
furnace design and in particular the pit and flue design. In the last years Hindalco carried
out many studies and research of designing and dimensioning anode bake furnaces. Always
with the aim to optimize the furnace design regarding the cost impact, achieved anode
quality, reducing emission and operational behavior. 
3.process flow chart for anode rodding shop:
The last stage of the anode production process takes place in the “rodding room”. Here the
carbon blocks are fused to a steel rod (the means by which they will be lowered into the
pot and through which the electrical current is passed) with molten cast iron. The rodded
anodes are then transported to the smelter potroom to be placed in the reduction cells.

Rodding receives baked anode from Bake- oven, seals it with rod, and transfer the rodded
anode to the Pot Room. It also receives the spent anodes from Pot Room, recycles carbon
and sends to green anode plant, recycles the rods free of bath and carbon to produce
rodded anode. The baked anodes are sealed with rods (aluminum stem and a steel yoke)
using cast iron. This sealed assembly is called rodded Anode. An aluminum rod with iron
studs is then cast into grooves on the tops of the anode block as a support to the anode and
which when positioned in the conducts the electric current to the anode.

Prebaked anodes have to be removed at regular intervals, when they have reacted down to
one third or one fourth of their original size. These remaining anodes are termed as butts
and are usually cleaned at rodding shop. The cleaned butts are then crushed and used as a
raw material in the manufacture of new anodes
REQUIREMENTS FOR ROODING
The joint between the rod and carbon anode in aluminium smelters has three primary
functional requirements; it must

(i) provide an adequate mechanical, thermal, and electrical connection,

(ii) be able to be re-processed cost effectively

(iii) Withstand the extreme process conditions. There are also two further
important performance requirements

(iv) the joint materials must not adversely affect Occupational Health,
Safety and Environment (OHS&E) conditions or metal purity, and finally

(v) The manufacture, maintenance and operation of the joint should be

managed holistically to minimize smelter costs. To achieve these
requirements, the basic production steps in anode rodding must be
done to an acceptable standard, all of the time. Not meeting these
standards has a detrimental impact on smelter performance and costs.

This paper first outlines acceptable standards for the basic steps of rodding anodes, and
then reviews the state of the art, challenges, opportunities and future directions for the
rod-anode connection.

CLEANING OF RETURNED CARBON ANODE BUTTS

The primary purpose of the initial ‘coarse’ butt cleaning step is to remove as much of the
cover material from the top of the spent anode butt without fracturing the butt carbon.
When doing this, it is essential to not unduly stress the anode rod assembly (see Figure 1
for suggested anode assembly nomenclature), which can easily occur by improper design or
inadequate maintenance of the equipment. Brutally large forces are applied to the cover
material in order to remove it from the anode butt. It is especially important to ensure that
these forces are applied as intended and not directed onto the assembly, to avoid bending
the anode rod, stressing the clad, or other physical damage. The performance of the coarse
cleaning stage is greatly affected by the level of cover material on the butts. In addition to
adversely impacting coarse cleaning operation and effectiveness, high cover also overheats
and damages the rod assembly by increasing ‘toe-in’ (or cowboy effect) of stubs, corrosion
of the yoke arms, cumulative clad damage, and deformation of the yoke. As a rule of
thumb, cover height on butts should be low enough to allow a gloved hand to be inserted
between the underside of the yoke arm and the cover, Figure 3. This allows air to circulate
around the yoke arms to provide a cooling effect, remembering that one of the design
functions of the yoke is to shed heat from the process before it gets to the clad and rod.

Fine Cleaning of Returned Carbon Anode Butts

Fine cleaning (usually by shot blasting) of the coarse cleaned butt is required to achieve the
desired low levels of sodium in the anode butts stream returned to the paste plant. It is well
known that high sodium in butts severely affects subsequent anode reactivity and baking
furnace refractory life. The fine cleaning step should also effectively clean the top of the
cast iron thimble

Cleaning of Cast Iron Thimbles

There are two main reasons that cast iron thimbles are cleaned before being recycled;

(i) Primarily to remove adhering bath, which contains large quantities of

both sulphur and sodium, and the iron sulphide scale on the thimbles
– sulphur is unwanted in the cast iron melt and sodium will attack the
refractory lining of the induction melting furnaces.

(ii) To remove any of the carbon adhering to the thimbles – if not

removed, this carbon contributes to contamination of the cast iron,
especially with sulphur, and generates excessive slag during
preparation of the cast iron melt. Excessive slag will adversely affect
the ability of furnace operators to properly add and mix alloy
additions to the melt (and hence to control cast iron chemistry) and
will cause additional challenges for pouring of the thimbles.
VIBROCOMPACTOR
The vibrocompactor is the main component in the forming stage of the green anode in the
paste plant. The paste for an anode is densified in the vibrocompactor by dynamic and
static mechanical forces during a time period less than a minute. The paper describes the
different functionalities of the compactor and also different potentials it has for anode
production capacity and quality in the future. The HAL vibrocompactor has been developed
since 1959 and today the input of dynamic force is integrated to the cover weight (the
vibrating mass on top of the anode paste). This results in more effective vibration and short
vibration time. The feeding of paste is done from 2 hoppers in stationary position with
minimal filling time of the mould. Production capacity is 36 anodes/hour at 22 s vibration
time. The compactor has few movable parts and the maintenance and operation cost is
very low. Availability factor is measured to 99, 5% over 5 years.
2. General Functionality
The vibrocompactor is built up with two vibrating masses which compacts the anode paste .

The cover weight is the inner active weight since the hydraulic motor, generating the
dynamic Force, is integrated in this part. The table is an outer passive weight which vibrates
due to the Movements of the cover weight. The hydraulic motor gives energy to rotate two
parallel shafts With unbalanced masses; the one shaft rotating clockwise and the other
counter clockwise in Order to create the vertical dynamic eccentric input force The
rotational frequency of the shafts is large enough to let the dynamic force overcome the
Static force in the compactor. The right frequency is reached when the dynamic
displacements [Mm] do not any longer increase by increased frequency (even if the
accelerations increase [M/s2]). At this frequency, the weight and the table is vibrating at
almost opposite phases,
Around 150°. When the cover weight, the inner mass, is the active mass the dynamic
displacements of it are generally twice the displacement of the table. Another reason for
the difference is the weight Balance; the cover weight is generally only half of the weight of
the table. The displacement of
The cover weight will therefore be closer to the table displacement when the mass of the
cover Weight increases. The anode paste from the mixing- and homogenization phase can
enter the two silos of the Compactor in two ways; by one inlet using a paste splitter or by
two inlets without the paste Splitter. The compactor height could be reduced by dropping
the splitter. The hoppers of the compactor is not thermally isolated. Experiences showed
that the paste had Minimum of sticking in the hopper without isolation. In addition, the
sticking effect was further reduced by always changing which hopper to be first filled with
paste. The maximum time between fillings of a hopper was therefore increased without
decreasing the anode capacity. Travaux 46, Proceedings of 35th International ICSOBA
Conference, Hamburg, Germany, 2 – 5 October, 2017.
 HINDALCO PRODUCTS

PRIMARY ALUMINIUM PRODUCTS

Ingots: Is an LME (London Metal Exchange) registered brand. These are also
known as virgin metal. These are used as raw material for making aluminium
product
.

Round Billets: These are use for making extrusion.

Cast Slabs: Slabs are used input in Hot Rolling Mill, which is converted into
thinner sheets, plates or coils.

Semi Fabricated Products: Hindalco produces 900 different rolled product

items of which 40 are standard.

Hot Rolled Products:

These are the product which are used after the process of ht rolling
according to their specification and requirements, these products are as
follows:
Hot Rolled Plates:
These plates are supplied in alloys 6351, 5052, 5086. These are supplied flat
with sheared milled.

Hot Rolled Plates For Electrical application:

These electrical application plates are used as Bus Bar. They are supplied in
Alloy 1050, 1060 an 1070. Standard Temper is F (As Fabricated)

Hot Rolled Coils:

These are supplied in alloy 5005, 60611, 6351, 5052, and 5086.

Cold Rolled Products:

(A)Plain sheets

(B)Cold rolled coils

Slug stock: Hindalco also produces slug stock needed for punching slugs for
the manufactured of collapsible tubes etc. They are manufactured in allow
1050, 1060, 1070, and in temper.

Circles: This product is made as sheet cut to circular cross section before
subjecting it to deep drawing or other form of operation.

Milk can circle: They are supplied in allow and temper. They are used to make
milk cans.

Check red sheets: These check red sheets are also known as flooring sheets
because there are use to join floor in buses etc.

Circular corrugated sheets: Corrugated sheets are supplied in allow 3003,

40800 with temper 114. For roofing and siding, corrugated sheets in allow
8011 is ideal.

Foil stock: It is a semi finished coil strip used for further rolling to manufacture
foils.

Litho stock: It is semi-fabricated coils used for lithography printing. Extremely

high required with emphasis on almost complete absence of surface defects.
 Alkaloid sheet: It is also known as brazing sheet and extensively used air
passenger radiators, automotive air conditioning evaporators air condensers,
alkaloid sheets consist of a Bramble Aluminium Allow (AA4045) Clade (10% of
total thickness).

HINDALCO PRODUCT RANGE

Ingots
Hindalco produce high purity ingots through smelting. Alloy ingots of various
grades are also produced and mainly used for the production of casting in the
auto industries and electrical applications. Both these products are remelted
and future proceeds into a large number of products for various downstream
applications
Conclusion:
 Keen understanding of mechanical principles practically.
 Integrate theory and practice.
 Got broad idea about how aluminium production takes place even their
distribution all over India.
 Learned something new and developed basic skills.
 Developed work habits and attitudes necessary for job success.
 Build a record of work experience.

Contribution:
During training at Compressor house I have seen things like how we do job
distribution, how we manage different challenges at same time. So, many
times I have also look at compressor house and distribute job as well manage
challenges that arise at same time.


References used:
 Aluminium today
 DSS Manual@ Hindalco industries
 Reduction Plant Manual
 K.Gryatheim and H.Kvande “An Introduction To Aluminium Analysis”
THE END

THANK YOU
MADE BY:-

BOLUGODDU SAI KARTHIK