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Cheating and Plagiarism: Notes 2

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99 views3 pages

Cheating and Plagiarism: Notes 2

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KareemAdel
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Notes 2

Cheating and Plagiarism


We will follow this guide:
Academic Integrity in Social Work, University of Michigan Library
http://guides.lib.umich.edu/c.php?g=283365&p=1887165

How to Act Ethically

• To be an ethical researcher you have to choose to act in honest ways.


• However, it can sometimes be difficult to know whether or not you might unintentionally
be doing something unethical.

Plagiarism
• Plagiarism is representing someone else's ideas, words, statements, or other work as one's
own without proper acknowledgement or citation.
• Plagiarism can happen intentionally or unintentionally so it's good to know how to
recognize what constitutes plagiarism.

How to Avoid Plagiarism


• Take good notes as you read. Note the author and reference.
• Include quotation marks in your notes if you copy exact original wording.
• Create a good system of organizing your research notes.
• Make sure to use in-text citations to give authors credit for their ideas. Even if you
change the wording or paraphrase text in your paper, if it's not something that's common
knowledge it should be cited.

Examples of Plagiarism
• Copying word by word or phrases or a unique word from a source or reference without
proper attribution
• Paraphrasing, that is, using another person's written words or ideas, in one's own words,
as if they were one's own thoughts.
• Borrowing facts, statistics, graphs, or other illustrative material without proper reference,
unless the information is common knowledge.

Falsification of Data, Records, and/or Official Documents


• Fabrication of data
• Misrepresentation of academic status or degrees earned
• Falsifying information on an official document, grade report, letter of
recommendation/reference, letter of permission, petition, or any other official or
unofficial document

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Unacceptable Collaboration
• The collaboration is unacceptable when a student works with another or others on a
project and then submits written work which is represented as the student's own work.
• The collaboration is unacceptable when submitting a group project in which you did little
or none of the work yet you take the credit for the work done by others within your
group.

Some Journals and authors metrics


Every year, Journal Citation Reports© (JCR) from “Thomson Reuters” examines the influence
and impact of scholarly research journals.

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Journal Impact Factor (IF):
• The impact factor is used to compare different journals within a certain field.
• The Impact Factor is a so-called popularity measure which relies on the crude number of
citations, each of them counting the same independently of the quality of the source.
• In any year “y”, the impact factor of a journal is the number of citations, received in that
year, of articles published in that journal during the two preceding years, divided by the
total number of articles published in that journal during the two preceding years.

•
Five year Impact Factor:
• It is calculated in a given year by dividing the number of citations to articles published in
the previous five years by the number of articles published in that journal in the previous
five years.
Journal Eigenfactor
• Journals are rated according to the number of incoming citations, with citations from
highly ranked journals weighted to make a larger contribution to the eigenfactor than
those from poorly ranked journals.
• The Eigenfactor approach is more robust than the impact factor metric. The Eigenfactor
Score belongs to the class of so-called prestige measures.

Author h-Index
• The definition of the index is that a scholar with an index of h has published h papers
each of which has been cited in other papers at least h times.
• The h-index reflects both the number of publications and the number of citations per
publication.
• The index works properly only for comparing scientists working in the same field;
citation conventions differ widely among different fields.
•
Author i10-Index
• It indicates the number of academic publications an author has written that have at least
ten citations from others. It was introduced in July 2011 by Google as part of their work
on Google Scholar.

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