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Lec1 Definitions

Stratigraphy is the science of understanding the layered composition and order of rocks. There are different types of stratigraphy including lithostratigraphy, chronostratigraphy, and biostratigraphy. Sequence stratigraphy studies genetically related rock layers bounded by unconformities, looking at how factors like tectonic subsidence, eustatic sea level change, sedimentation rates, and water depth influence rock layer formation.

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26 views3 pages

Lec1 Definitions

Stratigraphy is the science of understanding the layered composition and order of rocks. There are different types of stratigraphy including lithostratigraphy, chronostratigraphy, and biostratigraphy. Sequence stratigraphy studies genetically related rock layers bounded by unconformities, looking at how factors like tectonic subsidence, eustatic sea level change, sedimentation rates, and water depth influence rock layer formation.

Uploaded by

hassan sardar
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Sequence:

A relatively conformable succession of genetically related strata bounded


at their upper surface and base by unconformities and their correlative
conformities (Vail, et al., 1977).

Stratigraphy:

It is the science of understanding the variations in the successively (one


after other) layered character of rocks and their composition. These rocks
may be sedimentary, volcanic, metamorphic or igneous.

Types of stratigraphy:

Classical branches
• Lithostratigraphy
• Chronostratigraphy
• Biostratigraphy
Newer subdisciplines
• Seismic stratigraphy
• Cyclostratigraphy: study of astronomically (variations of the Earth's
orbit around the sun) forced climate cycles within sedimentary
successions.
• Magnetostratigraphy
• Chemostratigraphy
Unconformity:
Sedimentary facies:
These are bodies of sediment that are recognizably distinct from
adjacent sediments that resulted from different depositional
environments.

Factors control Sequence stratigraphy:


T+E=S+W
Where T is the rate of tectonic subsidence,
E is the rate of eustatic sea-level rise,
S is the rate of sedimentation, and
W is the rate of water depth increase (or deepening).

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