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Name - Date - Period - Mutations Worksheet

The document discusses different types of mutations: deletions, insertions, and substitutions. It provides examples of each using DNA sequences. Deletions remove a base, insertions add a base, and substitutions replace one base with another. Insertions and deletions can cause frameshift mutations by changing the reading frame. The document then analyzes DNA sequences to identify mutations that cause sickle cell anemia, determining it is a substitution mutation that changes an amino acid. Finally, it discusses how different mutation types can affect proteins.

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Eric Calderón
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767 views4 pages

Name - Date - Period - Mutations Worksheet

The document discusses different types of mutations: deletions, insertions, and substitutions. It provides examples of each using DNA sequences. Deletions remove a base, insertions add a base, and substitutions replace one base with another. Insertions and deletions can cause frameshift mutations by changing the reading frame. The document then analyzes DNA sequences to identify mutations that cause sickle cell anemia, determining it is a substitution mutation that changes an amino acid. Finally, it discusses how different mutation types can affect proteins.

Uploaded by

Eric Calderón
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name _______________________________________ Date ____________________ Period _________

Mutations Worksheet (Answers)


There are several types of mutation:
DELETION (a base is lost)
INSERTION (an extra base is inserted)
Deletion and insertion may cause what’s called a FRAMESHIFT, meaning the reading “frame”
changes, changing the amino acid sequence.
SUBSTITUTION (one base is substituted for another)

Complete the boxes below. Classify each as either Deletion, Insertion, or Substitution

Original DNA Sequence: T A C A C C T T G G C G A C G A C T


Matching DNA Sequence: A T G T G G A A C C G C T G C T G A

Mutated DNA Sequence #1: T A C A T C T T G G C G A C G A C T


What’s the matching DNA Sequence? A T G T A G A A C C G C T G C T G A (circle the change)
What kind of mutation is this? SUBSTITUTION (CG)

Mutated DNA Sequence #2: T A C G A C C T T G G C G A C G A C T


What’s the matching DNA Sequence? A T G C T G G A A C C G C T G C T G A (Circle the change)
What kind of mutation is this? INSERTION (G)

Mutated DNA Sequence #3: T A C A C C T T A G C G A C G A C T


What’s the matching DNA Sequence? A T G T G G A A T C G CT G C T G A (Circle the change)
What kind of mutation is this? SUBSTITUTION (GA)

Mutated DNA Sequence #4: T A C A C C T T G G C G A C T A C T


What’s the matching DNA Sequence? A T G T G G A A C C G C T G A T G A (Circle the change)
What kind of mutation is this? SUBSITUTION (GT)

Mutated DNA Sequence #5: T A C A C C T T G G G A C G A C T


What’s the matching DNA Sequence? A T G T G G A A C C C T G C T G A (Circle the change)
What kind of mutation is this? DELETION

1. Which type of mutation is responsible elongating a DNA strand? INSERTION


2. Which type of mutation results in shortening of a DNA strand? DELETION
3. Which type of mutation doesn’t change the length of a DNA strand? SUBSTITUTION
Sickle Cell Anemia

Sickle cell anemia is the result of a type of mutation in the gene that codes for part of the red blood cell. Recall

that red blood cells carries oxygen in your red bloods cells. The mutation causes the red blood cells to become

stiff and sickle-shaped when they release their oxygen. The sickled cells tend to get stuck in blood vessels,

causing pain and increased risk of stroke, blindness, damage to the heart and lungs, and other conditions.

Analyze the DNA strands below to determine what amino acid is changed and what type of mutation occurred.

Normal red blood cell DNA C A C G T G G A C T G A G G A C T C C T C

Normal matching DNA strand G T G C A C C T G A C T C C T G A G G A G

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sickle cell matching DNA strand G T G C A C C T G A C T C C T G T G G A G

Sickle cell red blood cell DNA C A C G T G G A C T G A G G A C A C C T C

What kind of mutation is this? SUBSTITUTION


Point mutations - alter a single base Chromosomal mutations change the structure of a
– base substitution mutations – chromosome
substitute one base for another – deletions – part of chromosome is lost
– -triplet repeat expansion mutations
– nonsense mutations – create stop – duplication – part of chromosome is
involve a sequence of 3 DNA
codon copied
nucleotides that are repeated many
– frameshift mutations – caused by – inversion – part of chromosome in
times
insertion or deletion of a single base reverse order
translocation – part of chromosome is
moved to a new location

Substitution – silent mutation.


If there was no effect on the protein coded by the gene, then the amino acid sequence must have
been the same as the original sequence. Therefore the mutation must have been a substitution
resulting in a codon that encoded the same amino acid as the original amino acid.

Methionine and Tryptophan have only one codon. All other amino acids have more than one codon.

TEF ATC ATE TET HER AT


This sentence no longer makes sense. This is an example of a deletion resulting in a frame shift.
The first 28 amino acids will be correct.

# 1 and # 3 have the same amino


acid sequence, therefore they code
for the same protein

A frameshift mutation is more likely to result in a nonfunctional protein.

A frame shift mutation results from an insertion or a deletion, alters the sequence of bases in codons
at the mutation and after the mutation. This changes the amino acid sequence and the resulting
protein.
A point mutation could be a silent mutation, maintaining the original amino acid sequence and the
resulting protein.

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