CSIE33000 Network Programming Lecture 11 JDBC

Lecture 11:
Java Database
Connectivity (JDBC)

CSIE33000
Network
N t kPProgramming
i iin JJava

Introduction
„ Flat file access is not enough for complex
data management.
„ We need d to process information
f stored
d in
databases, especially relational databases.
„ Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) API is
designed for Java program to communicate
with relational databases.
databases
„ JDBC became part of the core Java with JDK
1.1

CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 2

Shiow-yang Wu Note 1
CSIE33000 Network Programming Lecture 11 JDBC

JDBC Drivers
„ JDBC is a general access method. It can not
directly process internal format of databases
of different vendors
vendors.
„ A driver is needed to allow JDBC to
communicate with vendor-specific API.
„ Drivers for different databases are either
provided by the vendors or by third parties
parties.
„ Visit
http://servlet.java.sun.com/products/jdbc/dri
vers for more information.
CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 3

JDBC-ODBC Bridge Driver

„ Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) is the
Microsoft’s solution for access databases.
„ ODBC drivers
d are available
l bl for
f most off the
h
major databases.
„ In such case, the JDBC-ODBC bridge driver
(in package sun.jdbc.odbc) is provided to
convert JDBC protocol into ODBC which
allows Java program to access databases for
which there are ODBC drivers.
„ Extra conversion may lead to long delays.
CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 4

Shiow-yang Wu Note 2
CSIE33000 Network Programming Lecture 11 JDBC

SQL and JDBC Versions

„ SQL is the de facto standard for accessing
relational databases.
„ The
h core JDBC API is called
ll d java.sqll
„ JDK1.1 JDBC 1.0
„ JDK1.2 (J2SE 1.2) JDBC 2.0
„ J2SE 1.2.2, 1.3 JDBC 2.1
„ JDBC 2.0 Extension Package API (javax.sql)
„ J2SE 1.4 JDBC 3.0
„ JDBC 3.0 includes: java.sql and javax.sql
CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 5

Drivers and DB to Use

„ There are still many JDBC 1 drivers.
„ The most commonly used version is JDBC 2.
„ JDBC 3 drivers are increasing.
„ We will start from JDBC 1 and then to 2, 3
„ We will use MS Access database for the
purposes of illustration.
„ The built in JDBC-ODBC driver in J2SE can be
employed.
„ We need to build an ODBC Data Source.
CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 6

Shiow-yang Wu Note 3
CSIE33000 Network Programming Lecture 11 JDBC

Creating an ODBC Data Source

„ Must register the database as an ODBC Data
Source first.
„ Once registered,
registered the database can be referred
to by its Data Source Name (DSN).
„ Create an ODBC Data Source:
1. Start(開始) -> Cntrol Panel(控制台)
2. Double-click Administrative Tools (系統管理工
具)
3. Double-click Data Sources (ODBC) 資料來源
(ODBC)
4. Select the User DSN tab (使用者資料來源)
CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 7

Register ODBC Data Source

5. Click Add… to display the Create New Data
Source window (新增 -> 建立新資料來源)
6. Select Mic
Microsoft
osoft Access D
Driver
i e (*
(*.mdb)
mdb) and
click Finish (完成)
7. Click Select(選取) and locate the database
8. Supply a meaningful name for the data source
(
(資料來源名稱) )
9. To specify username and password, select
Advanced Options (進階) (not necessary)
10. Click OK (確定) to finish registration.
CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 8

Shiow-yang Wu Note 4
CSIE33000 Network Programming Lecture 11 JDBC

7 Steps to Database Access

1. Load the database driver
2. Establish a connection to the database
3. Create a Statement object using the connection
and store a reference to it
4. Use the Statement reference to run a query or
update and accept the result(s)
5. Manipulate the display the results (query) or
check/show number of rows affected (update)
6. Repeat 4, 5 as many times as required
7. Close the connection.
CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 9

Sample Database
„ We will assume the existence of an MS
Access database called Finances.mdb
„ A single
l table
bl called
ll d Accounts
Field Name MS Access Type Java Type
acctNum Number int
surname Text String
firstNames Text String
balance Currency float
„ Assume the DSN is Finances
CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 10

Shiow-yang Wu Note 5
CSIE33000 Network Programming Lecture 11 JDBC

1. Load the Database Driver

„ This is done via static method forName of
the class Class

Class.forName(“sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver”);

CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 11

2. Establish a Connection to
the Database
„ Call getConnection of class DriverManager which
returns a ref to a Connection object.
„ Takes a URL-style DB address, a username, a
password. For local database
Connection link =
DriverManager.getConnection(“jdbc:odbc:Finances”, “”,
“”);
„ For remote database
Connection link =
DriverManager.getConnection(“jdbc:odbc://AnyServer.S
omethingElse.com/Finances”, “”, “”);
CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 12

Shiow-yang Wu Note 6
CSIE33000 Network Programming Lecture 11 JDBC

3. Create a Statement obj

„ Done by calling the createStatement method
of the Connection object
Statement statement = link.createStatement();
l k ()

CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 13

4. Run a Query/Update
„ Statement class has methods executeQuery
and executeUpdate.
„ executeQuery returns a ResultSet
l
„ executeUpdate returns an integer indicating
the number of rows being affected
„ It is common to store the SQL query in a
String and then invoke executeQuery.
executeQuery
„ We will give a few query examples (next
slide).

CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 14

Shiow-yang Wu Note 7
CSIE33000 Network Programming Lecture 11 JDBC

Query Examples
1. String selectAll = “SELECT * FROM Accounts”;
ResultSet results = statement.executeQuery(selectAll);
2
2. String selectFields = “SELECT
SELECT accNum,
accNum balance FROM
Accounts”;
ResultSet results =
statement.executeQuery(selectFields);
3. String selectRange = “SELECT * FROM Accounts”
+ “ WHERE balance >= 0”
+ “ AND balance <= 1000”
+ “ ORDER BY balance DESC”;
ResultSet results =
statement.executeQuery(selectRange);
CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 15

5. Manipulate/Display/Check
Result(s)
„ The ResultSet object contains the database
rows that satisfy the query.
„ ResultSet contains a very large number of
methods for manipulating these rows.
„ We will use the next method and the getXXX
methods in a while loop
„ A getXXX method can have a columnName or
a columnIndex as argument.
„ Index is within the ResultSet row!!
CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 16

Shiow-yang Wu Note 8
CSIE33000 Network Programming Lecture 11 JDBC

Using ColumnIndex
String select = "SELECT * FROM Accounts";
ResultSet results = statement.executeQuery(select);
while (results.next())
(results next())
{
System.out.println("Account no.“ + results.getInt(1));
System.out.println("Account holder: "
+ results.getString(3) + " "
+ results.getString(2));
results getString(2));
System.out.println("Balance: “ + results.getFloat(4));
System.out.println ();
}
CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 17

Using ColulmnName
...
while (results.next())
{
System.out.println("Account no.“ +
results.getInt(“acctNum”));
System.out.println("Account holder: "
+ results.getString(“firstNames”) + " "
+ results.getString(“surName”));
System out println("Balance:
System.out.println( Balance: “
+ results.getFloat(“balance”));
System.out.println ();
}

CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 18

Shiow-yang Wu Note 9
CSIE33000 Network Programming Lecture 11 JDBC

6. Repeat 4, 5 as required
„ The Statement reference can be reused to
execute other queries or updates.
„ For eachh operation, simply
l repeat step 4 and
d
step 5
„ Repeat as many times as required by the
applications

CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 19

7. Close the Connection

„ Close the Connection object
link.close();
„ Close the Statement object
statement.close();

„ SQLException must be catched for any SQL

statement
„ ClassNotFoundException is generated when
the database driver cannot be found
CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 20

Shiow-yang Wu Note 10
CSIE33000 Network Programming Lecture 11 JDBC

JDBCSelect.java (1)
import java.sql.*;

public class JDBCSelect {

private
i t static
t ti Connection
C ti link;
li k
private static Statement statement;
private static ResultSet results;

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {
Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver"); //Step 1.
link = DriverManager.getConnection(
DriverManager getConnection("jdbc:odbc:Finances"
jdbc:odbc:Finances ,"","");
); //Step 2
2.
}
catch(ClassNotFoundException cnfEx) {
System.out.println("* Unable to load driver! *");
System.exit(1);
}

CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 21

JDBCSelect.java (2)
catch(SQLException sqlEx)
{
System.out.println("* Cannot connect to database! *");
System.exit(1);
}

try {
statement = link.createStatement(); //Step 3.
String select = “SELECT * FROM Accounts”; //Step 4.
results = statement.executeQuery(select); //Step 4.
}
catch(SQLException
t h(SQLE ti sqlEx)
lE )
{
System.out.println("* Cannot execute query! *");
sqlEx.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 22

Shiow-yang Wu Note 11
CSIE33000 Network Programming Lecture 11 JDBC

JDBCSelect.java (3)
try {
System.out.println();

while (results.next()) { //Step 5.

System.out.println("Account no. “ + results.getInt(1));
System.out.println("Account holder: "
+ results.getString(3) + " "+ results.getString(2));
System.out.printf("Balance: %.2f %n%n", results.getFloat(4));
}
}
catch(SQLException sqlEx) {
System.out.println("* Error retrieving data! *");
sqlEx.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}

CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 23

JDBCSelect.java (4)
//No further queries, no Step 6.
try {
link close(); //Step 7
link.close(); 7.
}
catch(SQLException sqlEx)
{
System.out.println(
"* Unable to disconnect! *");
sqlEx.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 24

Shiow-yang Wu Note 12
CSIE33000 Network Programming Lecture 11 JDBC

JDBCSelect Execution

CSIE33000 Network Programming Java I/O 25

Database Update
„ SQL statements for modifying databases: INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE
„ For JDBC, we need to use executeUpdate method.
„ Examples:
S i insert
String i = "INSERT INTO Accounts”
A ”
+ " VALUES (123456, 'Smith', 'John James', 752.85)";
int result = statement.executeUpdate(insert);

String change = "UPDATE Accounts"

+ " SET surname = 'Bloggs', firstNames = 'Fred Joseph'"
+ " WHERE acctNum = 123456
123456";;
statement.executeUpdate(change);

String remove = "DELETE FROM Accounts WHERE balance < 100";

result = statement.executeUpdate(remove);

CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 26

Shiow-yang Wu Note 13
CSIE33000 Network Programming Lecture 11 JDBC

Checking the Result

„ In general, the return value is used to check
whether the update has been carried out
successfully.
successfully
int result = statement.executeUpdate(insert);
if (result==0)
System.out.println("* Insertion failed! *");

CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 27

JDBCChange.java (1)
import java.sql.*;

public class JDBCChange {

static Connection link;
static
t ti St
Statement
t t statement;
t t t
static ResultSet results;
//Alternatively, the above 3 variables may
//be declared non-static within main, but
//must then be initialised explicitly to null.

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {
//Step 1...
Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");

//Step 2...
link = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:Finances", "", "");
}

CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 28

Shiow-yang Wu Note 14
CSIE33000 Network Programming Lecture 11 JDBC

JDBCChange.java (2)
catch(ClassNotFoundException cnfEx) {
System.out.println ("* Unable to load driver! *");
System.exit(1);
}
//For any of a number of reasons, it may not be
//possible to establish a connection...
catch(SQLException sqlEx) {
System.out.println ("* Cannot connect to database! *");
System.exit(1);
}

tryy {
//Step 3...
statement = link.createStatement();

System.out.println("\nInitial contents of table:");

//Steps 4 and 5...
displayTable();

CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 29

JDBCChange.java (3)
//Start of step 6...
String insert = "INSERT INTO Accounts"
+ " VALUES (112233, 'Smith‘, John James', 752.85)";
int result = statement.executeUpdate(insert);
if (result == 0)
System.out.println("\nUnable to insert record!");

String change = "UPDATE Accounts"

+ " SET surname = 'Bloggs‘, firstNames = 'Fred Joseph'"
+ " WHERE acctNum = 123456";
result = statement.executeUpdate(change);
if (result == 0)
System.out.println("\nUnable to update record!");

String remove = "DELETE FROM Accounts"

+ " WHERE balance < 100“;
result = statement.executeUpdate(remove);

CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 30

Shiow-yang Wu Note 15
CSIE33000 Network Programming Lecture 11 JDBC

JDBCChange.java (4)
if (result == 0)
System.out.println("\nUnable to delete record!");

System.out.println("\nNew contents of table:");

displayTable();
//End of step 6.

//Step 7...
link.close();
}
catch(SQLException sqlEx)
{
System.out.println("* SQL or connection error! *");
sqlEx.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
}

CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 31

JDBCChange.java (5)
public static void displayTable() throws SQLException
{
String select = "SELECT * FROM Accounts";

results = statement.executeQuery(select);
statement executeQuery(select);

System.out.println();

while (results.next())
{
System.out.println("Account no. “ + results.getInt(1));

System.out.println("Account
System.out.println( Account holder: “ + results.getString(3) + " "
+ results.getString(2));

System.out.printf("Balance: %.2f %n%n", results.getFloat(4));

}
}
}

CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 32

Shiow-yang Wu Note 16
CSIE33000 Network Programming Lecture 11 JDBC

JDBCChange Execution

CSIE33000 Network Programming Java I/O 33

Transactions
„ A transaction is one or more SQL statements that are
grouped together as a single entity.
„ Transaction execution must satisfyy the All-or-None
property.
„ In SQL, this is done by COMMIT and ROLLBACK
statements.
„ In JDBC, they are the commit and rollback methods of the
Connection.
„ Th commit
The it method
th d is
i used
d att the
th end
d off a transaction
t ti tto
commit/finalize the DB update.
„ The rollback method is used to restore the DB to the prior
consistent state.

CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 34

Shiow-yang Wu Note 17
CSIE33000 Network Programming Lecture 11 JDBC

Transactions with JDBC

„ By default, JDBC automatically commits each SQL
statement.
„ Use setAutoCommit(false) of the Connection to switch off
the auto commit
commit.
link.setAutoCommit(false);
try {
//Assumes 3 SQL update strings:update1, update2 and update3.
statement.executeUpdate(update1);
statement.executeUpdate(update2);
statement.executeUpdate(update3);
link commit();
link.commit();
}
catch(SQLException sqlEx) {
link.rollback();
System.out.println("* SQL error! Changes aborted... *");
}
CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 35

Meta Data (1)

„ Meta data is “data about data”.
„ Two categories of meta data for JDBC API:
„ Data about
abo t ResultSet
Res ltSet objects ((rows,
o s col
columns,
mns …))
„ Data about the DB as a whole.
„ Use the getMetaData method of ResultSet to
obtain a ResultSetMetaData object to access:
„ No. of fields/columns
„ Field names
„ Data type of a field
„ Max width of a field
„ The table to which a field belongs
CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 36

Shiow-yang Wu Note 18
CSIE33000 Network Programming Lecture 11 JDBC

Meta Data (2)

„ Use the getMetaData method of Connection
to obtain a DatabaseMetaData object.
However it is rarely used
However, used.
„ All SQL types is represented in class
java.sql.Types as 28 named static int const.
„ DATE NUMERIC
„ DECIMAL REAL
„ DOUBLE VARCHAR
„ FLOAT …
„ INTEGER
CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 37

Meta Data (3)

„ Methods of ResultSetMetaData to access
properties of database fields:
„ iintt getColumnCount()
tC l C t()
„ String getColumnName(<colNumber>)
„ int getColumnType(<colNumber>)
(returns an int const of the SQL types, last slide)
„ String getColumnTypeName(
getColumnTypeName(<colNumber>)
colNumber )
(returns the DB-specific type name in String)
„ String getTableName(<colNumber>)

CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 38

Shiow-yang Wu Note 19
CSIE33000 Network Programming Lecture 11 JDBC

JDBCMetaData.java (1)
import java.sql.*;

public class JDBCMetaData {

static Connection link;
static Statement statement;
static ResultSet results;

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {
//Step 1...
Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");

//Step 2...
link = DriverManager.getConnection(
"jdbc:odbc:Finances", "", "");
}

CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 39

JDBCMetaData.java (2)
catch(ClassNotFoundException cnfEx) {
System.out.println ("* Unable to load driver! *");
System.exit(1);
}
catch(SQLException sqlEx) {
System.out.println("* Cannot connect to database! *");
System.exit(1);
}

try {
//Step 3...
statement = link.createStatement();
link createStatement();

String select = "SELECT * FROM Accounts"

+ " WHERE acctNum = 123456";
//Step 4...
results = statement.executeQuery(select);

CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 40

Shiow-yang Wu Note 20
CSIE33000 Network Programming Lecture 11 JDBC

JDBCMetaData.java (3)
//Start of step 5...
ResultSetMetaData metaData = results.getMetaData();
int numFields = metaData.getColumnCount();
boolean found = results.next();

if (!found) {
System.out.println("\nNot found!");
link.close();
return;
}

for (int i=1; i<=numFields; i++) { //Count start at 1 !!

System.out.println("\nField name: "
+ metaData.getColumnName(i));

System.out.println("Field type: "

+ metaData.getColumnTypeName(i));

CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 41

JDBCMetaData.java (4)
int colType = metaData.getColumnType(i);
System.out.print("Value: ");
switch (colType)
{
case Types.INTEGER:
System.out.println(results.getInt(i));
break;
case Types.VARCHAR:
System.out.println(results.getString(i));
break;
case Types.NUMERIC:
System out printf("%
System.out.printf( %.2f2f %n%n
%n%n",
results.getFloat(i));
break;
default: System.out.println("Unknown");
}
}

CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 42

Shiow-yang Wu Note 21
CSIE33000 Network Programming Lecture 11 JDBC

JDBCMetaData.java (5)
//(No further queries, so no Step 6!)

// p 7...
//Step
link.close();
}
catch(SQLException sqlEx)
{
System.out.println("* SQL or connection error! *");
sqlEx.printStackTrace();
q p a a ();
System.exit(1);
}
}
}
CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 43

JDBCMetaData Execution

CSIE33000 Network Programming Java I/O 44

Shiow-yang Wu Note 22
CSIE33000 Network Programming Lecture 11 JDBC

Using GUI to Access DB

„ We want our DB access to go through GUI.
„ The DB table can be displayed using the Swing
class JTable which displays data in a table
format with column headings.
„ One of the commonly used constructor:
Jtable(Vector <rowData>, Vector <colNames>)
„ 1st arg holds the rows to be displayed (as a
Vector of Vectors of type
Vector<Vector<Object>>)
„ 2nd arg holds the names of the column headings
(of type Vector<String>).
CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 45

JDBCGUI.java (1)
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import
p java.sql.*;
j q ;
import java.util.*;

public class JDBCGUI extends JFrame

{
static private Connection link;
private Statement statement;
private ResultSet results;
private JTable table;
private
i t JScrollPane
JS llP scroller;
ll
private final String[] heading =
{"Account No.","Surname","First Names","Balance"};
private Vector<String> heads;
private Vector<Object> row;
private Vector<Vector<Object>> rows;

CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 46

Shiow-yang Wu Note 23
CSIE33000 Network Programming Lecture 11 JDBC

JDBCGUI.java (2)
public static void main(String[] args) {
JDBCGUI frame = new JDBCGUI();
frame.setSize(400,200);
frame.setVisible(true);

frame.addWindowListener(
new WindowAdapter() {
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent winEvent) {
try {
link.close();
System.exit(0);
}
catch(SQLException sqlEx) {
System.out.println("* Error on closing connection! *");
}
}
}
);
}
CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 47

JDBCGUI.java (3)
public JDBCGUI() {
setTitle("Accounts Data");
try {
Class forName("sun
Class.forName( sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver
jdbc odbc JdbcOdbcDriver");
);
link = DriverManager.getConnection(
"jdbc:odbc:Finances","","");
statement = link.createStatement();
results = statement.executeQuery(
"SELECT * FROM Accounts");

heads = new Vector<String>();

for (int i=0; i<heading.length; i++) {
heads.add(heading[i]);
}

rows = new Vector<Vector<Object>>();

CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 48

Shiow-yang Wu Note 24
CSIE33000 Network Programming Lecture 11 JDBC

JDBCGUI.java (4)
while (results.next()) {
row = new Vector<Object>();//Heterogeneous collection.
row.add(results.getInt(1));
row.add(results.getString(2));
row.add(results.getString(3));
row.add(results.getFloat(4));
rows.add(row);
}
table = new JTable(rows,heads);
scroller = new JScrollPane(table);
add(scroller, BorderLayout.CENTER);
}
catch(ClassNotFoundException cnfEx)
{
System.out.println("* Unable to load driver! *");
System.exit(1);
}

CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 49

JDBCGUI.java (5)
catch(SQLException sqlEx)
{
System.out.println("* SQL error! *");
System.exit(1);
}
}
}

CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 50

Shiow-yang Wu Note 25
CSIE33000 Network Programming Lecture 11 JDBC

JDBCGUI Execution

CSIE33000 Network Programming Java I/O 51

Scrollable ResultSets (JDBC 2)

„ In JDBC 1, the only method for moving through a
ResultSet is next.
„ With JDBC 2 2, more methods of ResultSet are
provided:
„ boolean first()
„ boolean last()
„ boolean previous()
„ boolean relative(int
( <rows>))
„ boolean absolute(int <rows>)
„ The return value denotes if there is data at the
specified position.

CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 52

Shiow-yang Wu Note 26
CSIE33000 Network Programming Lecture 11 JDBC

Relative/Absolute Moving
„ Method relative takes a signed arg and
moves forwards/backwards the specified
number of rows
rows.
results.relative(-3); //Move back 3 rows.
„ Method absolute takes a signed arg and
moves to the specified absolute position,
counting either from the start (positive arg)
or the end (negative arg).
results.absolute(3);
//Move to row 3 (from the start)
CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 53

Scrollable ResultSet
„ Must create a scrollable ResultSet first.
„ Done by the Connection method
c eateStatement with
createStatement ith two
t o args.
a gs
Statement createStatement(
int <resultSetType>,
int <resultSetConcurrency>)
„ Three possible values for resultSetType:
„ TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY
„ TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE
„ TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE
CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 54

Shiow-yang Wu Note 27
CSIE33000 Network Programming Lecture 11 JDBC

Scrollable ResultSet
„ Two possible values for the
resultSetConcurrency arg:
„ CONCUR_READ_ONLY
CONCUR READ ONLY
„ CONCUR_UPDATABLE
„ The first value means that we cannot make
changes to the ResultSet rows.
„ The second one allows changes to be made
(and to be reflected in the database)
„ (more on updatable later)

CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 55

JDBCScrollableSelect.java
import java.sql.*;

public class JDBCScrollableSelect {

static private Connection link;
static private Statement statement;
static private ResultSet results;

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {
Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");
link = DriverManager.getConnection(
"jdbc:odbc:Finances"
jdbc:odbc:Finances ,"","");
);
}
catch(ClassNotFoundException cnfEx) {
System.out.println("* Unable to load driver! *");
System.exit(1);
}

CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 56

Shiow-yang Wu Note 28
CSIE33000 Network Programming Lecture 11 JDBC

JDBCScrollableSelect.java
catch(SQLException sqlEx) {
System.out.println("* Cannot connect to database! *");
System.exit(1);
}

try {
statement =
link.createStatement(ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE,
ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY);
results = statement.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM Accounts");
}
catch(SQLException sqlEx) {
System.out.println("* Cannot execute query! *");
sqlEx.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}

CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 57

JDBCScrollableSelect.java
try {
while (results.next())
showRow();
}
catch(SQLException sqlEx) {
System.out.println("* Error retrieving data! *");
sqlEx.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}

try {
while (results.previous())
showRow();
}

CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 58

Shiow-yang Wu Note 29
CSIE33000 Network Programming Lecture 11 JDBC

JDBCScrollableSelect.java
catch(SQLException sqlEx) {
System.out.println("* Error retrieving data! *");
q p ();
sqlEx.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}

try {
link.close();
}
catch(SQLException sqlEx) {
System.out.println("* Unable to disconnect! *");
sqlEx.printStackTrace();
}
}

CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 59

JDBCScrollableSelect.java
static void showRow() throws SQLException
{
System.out.println();
System.out.println("Account no. "
+ results.getInt(1));
System.out.println("Account holder: "
+ results.getString(3)
+ " " + results.getString(2));
S t
System.out.printf("Balance:
t i tf("B l %
%.2f
2f %
%n%n",
% "
results.getFloat(4));
}
}
CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 60

Shiow-yang Wu Note 30
CSIE33000 Network Programming Lecture 11 JDBC

JDBCScrollableSelect Execution

CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 61

Modifying DB with Java

„ JDBC 2 allows the modification of ResultSet
rows directly via Java methods and to have
those changes reflected in the database !
„ Must use ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE in
the createStatement.
Statement statement = link.createStatement(
ResultSet TYPE SCROLL SENSITIVE
ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE,
ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE);

CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 62

Shiow-yang Wu Note 31
CSIE33000 Network Programming Lecture 11 JDBC

Updating DB with Java

„ The updates are done through the set of
updateXXX methods, such as updateString,
updateInt Each method takes two args:
updateInt.
„ A string specifying the field name.
„ A value of proper type to be assigned to the field
„ Three steps to update:
„ Position the ResultSet cursor at the required row
„ Call the appropriate updateXXX method(s)
„ Call method updateRow()

CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 63

Updating DB with Java

„ Example of updating DB
results.absolute(2);//Move to row 2
results.updateFloat("balance", 42.55f);
results.updateRow();

CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 64

Shiow-yang Wu Note 32
CSIE33000 Network Programming Lecture 11 JDBC

Insertion using Java

„ Three steps to insert a new row:
„ Call method moveToInsertRow
„ Call proper updateXXX method for each field of the row
„ Call method insertRow()
„ Example:
results.moveToInsertRow();
results.updateInt("acctNum", 999999);
results.updateString("surname", "Harrison");
results.updateString("firstNames", "Christine Dawn");
results.updateFloat("balance", 2500f);
results.insertRow();
CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 65

Deleting Rows in Java

„ Two steps to delete a row:
„ Move to the appropriate row
„ Callll method
h d deleteRow()
d l ()
„ Example
results.absolute(3); //Move to row 3.
results.deleteRow();

„ Note that different JDBC drivers may handle

deletions differently.
CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 66

Shiow-yang Wu Note 33
CSIE33000 Network Programming Lecture 11 JDBC

JDBC2Mods.java (1)
import java.sql.*;

public class JDBC2Mods {

static private Connection link;
static private Statement statement;
static private ResultSet results;

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {
//Step 1...
Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");

//Step 2...
link = DriverManager.getConnection(
"jdbc:odbc:Finances", "", "");
}

CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 67

JDBC2Mods.java (2)
catch(ClassNotFoundException cnfEx) {
System.out.println ("* Unable to load driver! *");
System.exit(1);
}
//For any of a number of reasons, it may not be
//possible to establish a connection...
catch(SQLException sqlEx) {
System.out.println("* Cannot connect to database! *");
System.exit(1);
}
try {
//Step 3...
statement = link.createStatement(
ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE,
ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE);
CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 68

Shiow-yang Wu Note 34
CSIE33000 Network Programming Lecture 11 JDBC

JDBC2Mods.java (3)
System.out.println("\nInitial contents of table:\n");
//Steps 4 and 5...
displayTable();

//Start of step 6...

//First the update...

results.absolute(2);//Move to row 2 of ResultSet.
results.updateFloat("balance", 42.55f);
results.updateRow();

//Now the insertion...

results.moveToInsertRow();
lt T I tR ()
results.updateInt("acctNum", 999999);
results.updateString("surname", "Harrison");
results.updateString("firstNames", "Christine Dawn");
results.updateFloat("balance", 2500f);
results.insertRow();

CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 69

JDBC2Mods.java (4)
//Finally, the deletion...
results.absolute(3); //Move to row 3.
results.deleteRow();

System.out.println("\nNew contents of table:\n");

displayTable();
//End of step 6.

//Step 7...
link.close();
}
catch(SQLException sqlEx)
{
System.out.println("* SQL or connection error! *");
sqlEx.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
}

CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 70

Shiow-yang Wu Note 35
CSIE33000 Network Programming Lecture 11 JDBC

JDBC2Mods.java (5)
public static void displayTable() throws SQLException {
String select = "SELECT * FROM Accounts";

results = statement.executeQuery(select);
statement executeQuery(select);

System.out.println();

while (results.next()) {
System.out.println("Account no. “ + results.getInt(1));
System.out.println("Account holder: “ + results.getString(3)
+ " " + results.getString(2));
g g( ));
System.out.printf("Balance: %.2f %n%n",
results.getFloat(4));
}
}
}

CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 71

JDBC2Mods Execution

CSIE33000 Network Programming JDBC 72

Shiow-yang Wu Note 36