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Netkit Lab: Web Server and Browser

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Germán Díaz
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111 views

Netkit Lab: Web Server and Browser

Uploaded by

Germán Díaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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netkit lab

web server and browser

Version 1.2
Author(s) Giuseppe Di Battista, Maurizio Patrignani, Massimo
Rimondini

E-mail [email protected]
Web http://www.netkit.org/
Description A lab showing the operation of a web server
accessed by a browser client
copyright notice
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referred to as “material”) are protected by copyright.
 This material, with the exception of some multimedia elements licensed by
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appearing in the first slide.
 This material, or its parts, can be reproduced and used for didactical
purposes within universities and schools, provided that this happens for
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 Information contained in this material cannot be used within network
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 The authors assume no responsibility about this material and provide this
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 This copyright notice must always be redistributed together with the
material, or its portions.

© Computer Networks
Research Group Roma Tre netkit – [ lab: webserver ] last update: Nov 2012
lab topology

2
eth0

10.0.0.0/24 A

1
eth0

© Computer Networks
Research Group Roma Tre netkit – [ lab: webserver ] last update: Nov 2012
lab description
 server
 runs apache2 (with a default configuration)
 client
 the user can launch a text-based web browser
(links) to check the server operation

© Computer Networks
Research Group Roma Tre netkit – [ lab: webserver ] last update: Nov 2012
server
 the user can check that apache2 is up and
running by using the following command:
server
server
server:~# /etc/init.d/apache2 status
Apache is running (pid 485)..
server:~# █

 the default apache2 setup offers a test


html page, located in
/var/www/index.html
<html><body><h1>It
<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
works!</h1></body></html>

© Computer Networks
Research Group Roma Tre netkit – [ lab: webserver ] last update: Nov 2012
client
 the user is supposed to start the web
browser links on the client
client
client
client:~# links █

 an empty screen is presented to the


user...
 to access the menu bar, press F10
 using the cursor keys, select “Go to URL”
and press Enter
© Computer Networks
Research Group Roma Tre netkit – [ lab: webserver ] last update: Nov 2012
client
 enter the following URL:
http://10.0.0.1/
 you should get a screen saying “It works!”

© Computer Networks
Research Group Roma Tre netkit – [ lab: webserver ] last update: Nov 2012
server (again)
 to monitor accesses to the web server you
can use the following command (on the
server):
server
server
server:~# tail -f /var/log/apache2/access.log
10.0.0.2 - - [19/Oct/2011:08:04:08 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1“
HTTP/1.1“
200 56 "-
"-" "Links (2.2; Linux 2.6.26.5-
2.6.26.5-netkit-
netkit-K2.8 i686;
80x39)"
█

© Computer Networks
Research Group Roma Tre netkit – [ lab: webserver ] last update: Nov 2012
server (again)
 to monitor errors on the web server you can use
the following command (on the server):

server
server
server:~# tail -f /var/log/apache2/error.log
[Wed Nov 14 15:57:58 2012] [notice] Apache/2.2.9 (Debian)
configured -- resuming normal operations
[Wed Nov 14 16:14:07 2012] [notice] caught SIGTERM, shutting
down
█

 tip: very useful when debugging configurations

© Computer Networks
Research Group Roma Tre netkit – [ lab: webserver ] last update: Nov 2012
apache modules
 most of apache’s functionalities are built-in
 retrieve the list using apache2 -l
 others can be added by enabling modules
 to enable a module:
server
server
server:~# a2enmod rewrite
Enabling module rewrite.
Run '/etc/init.d/apache2 restart' to activate new
configuration!
server:~# █

 apache must be (re)started afterwards

© Computer Networks
Research Group Roma Tre netkit – [ lab: webserver ] last update: Nov 2012
apache modules
 available modules are located in
/etc/apache2/mods-available
 enabled modules are located in
/etc/apache2/mods-enabled
 a2enmod puts a symbolic link from the
relevant file(s) in
/etc/apache2/mods-available to
/etc/apache2/mods-enabled
 a2dismod removes these symbolic links

© Computer Networks
Research Group Roma Tre netkit – [ lab: webserver ] last update: Nov 2012
some useful apache modules

userdir enables per-user web sites

rewrite implements URL rewriting

proxy implements a proxy/gateway

cgi/cgid supports execution of CGI scripts

© Computer Networks
Research Group Roma Tre netkit – [ lab: webserver ] last update: Nov 2012
per-user web sites
 enable module userdir
server
server
server:~# a2enmod userdir
Enabling module userdir.
Run '/etc/init.d/apache2 restart' to activate new
configuration!
server:~# █

 by default, userdir looks for per-user


sites in /home/username/public_html
 check file
/etc/apache2/mods-enabled/userdir.conf

© Computer Networks
Research Group Roma Tre netkit – [ lab: webserver ] last update: Nov 2012
exercise: per-user web sites
 hands-on:
 create directory /home/guest/public_html on
server
 put a simple index.html inside that directory
 check operation of the user web site by
accessing http://10.0.0.1/~guest/ from
client

© Computer Networks
Research Group Roma Tre netkit – [ lab: webserver ] last update: Nov 2012
per-directory configuration
 apache allows configuration changes on a
per-directory basis
 creating a special file
/some/path/.htaccess with apache
configuration statements applies those
statements to all files and subdirectories
inside /some/path
 .htaccess files can be nested in a directory
tree
 nested files override their parents
© Computer Networks
Research Group Roma Tre netkit – [ lab: webserver ] last update: Nov 2012
per-directory configuration
 sample configuration statements:
 restrict access from specific hosts
Deny from example.org test.com 10.0.0 192.168.0.0/24
 perform URL rewriting
 (transparent) redirect to other sites
 restrict access to a specific subdirectory
 enable client-side authentication
 change name of file containing the default page
DirectoryIndex pippo.html
 enable/disable directory indexing
Options -Indexes

© Computer Networks
Research Group Roma Tre netkit – [ lab: webserver ] last update: Nov 2012
exercise: per-directory
configuration
 when a resource name is not specified in the
URL, apache serves index.html from the
requested path
 hands-on:
 edit file /home/guest/public_html/.htaccess and add
the following directive:
DirectoryIndex custom_file.html
 rename previously created file
/home/guest/index.html to custom_file.html
 try accessing http://10.0.0.1/~guest/ from
client
 rename custom_file.html back to index.html and try
accessing the page again

© Computer Networks
Research Group Roma Tre netkit – [ lab: webserver ] last update: Nov 2012

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