This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: D632 − 12

Standard Specification for

Sodium Chloride1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D632; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to

1.1 This specification covers sodium chloride intended for Determine Conformance with Specifications
use as a deicer and for road construction or maintenance E287 Specification for Laboratory Glass Graduated Burets
purposes. E288 Specification for Laboratory Glass Volumetric Flasks
E534 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Sodium Chlo-
1.2 The values stated as SI units are to be regarded as the ride
standard.
1.3 For purposes of determining conformance to this 3. Classification
specification, values for chemical analysis shall be rounded to 3.1 This specification covers sodium chloride obtained from
the nearest 0.1 %, and values for grading shall be rounded to natural deposits (rock salt) or produced by man (evaporated,
the nearest 1 %, in accordance with the rounding method in solar, other) and recognizes two types and two grades as
Practice E29. follows:
1.4 The text of this specification references notes and 3.1.1 Type I—Used primarily as a pavement deicer or in
footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and aggregate stabilization.
footnotes shall not be considered as requirements of the 3.1.1.1 Grade 1—Standard grading (Note 1).
specification. 3.1.1.2 Grade 2—Special grading (Note 1).
3.1.2 Type II—Used in aggregate stabilization or for pur-
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the poses other than deicing.
test method in Annex A1, of this specification: This standard
does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, NOTE 1—Grade 1 provides a particle grading for general application,
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this and has been found by latest research to be most effective for ice control
and skid resistance under most conditions. Grade 2 is the grading typical
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices of salt produced in the Western United States and is available in states of
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior the Rocky Mountains Region and west, which may be preferred by
to use. purchasers in that area.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 4. Chemical Requirements
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the 4.1 The sodium chloride shall conform to the following
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- requirement for chemical composition, except for the tolerance
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical stated in 6.1 and 6.2:
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. Sodium chloride (NaCl), min, % 95.0

2. Referenced Documents 5. Physical Requirements

2.1 ASTM Standards: 5.1 Grading:
C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse 5.1.1 Type I—The grading of Type I sodium chloride, when
Aggregates tested by means of laboratory sieves conforming to Specifica-
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements tion E11, shall conform to the following requirements for
for Test Methods for Construction Materials particle size distribution, except for the tolerance stated in 6.1
and 6.1.1:
Mass % Passing
Sieve Size Grade 1 Grade 2
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road 19.0 mm (3⁄4 in.) ... 100
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.31 on 12.5 mm (1⁄2 in.) 100 ...
Calcium and Sodium Chlorides and Other Deicing Materials. 9.5 mm (3⁄8 in.) 95 to 100 ...
Current edition approved April 1, 2012. Published April 2012. Originally 4.75 mm (No. 4) 20 to 90 20 to 100
approved in 1941. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D632 – 01 which was 2.36 mm (No. 8) 10 to 60 10 to 60
withdrawn in January 2010 and reinstated in April 2012. DOI: 10.1520/D0632-12. 600 µm (No. 30) 0 to 15 0 to 15

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 D632 − 12
5.1.2 Type II—The grading of Type II sodium chloride shall 9.1.1 Routine Control—Use of the “Rapid Method” in
conform to the grading requirements imposed or permitted by Annex A1 is permitted for routine control and approval.
the purchaser under conditions of the intended use. 9.1.2 Referee Testing—In case of controversy, determine the
chemical composition of the sample, using the current version
6. Permissible Variations
of Test Method E534.
6.1 In the case of sodium chloride sampled after delivery to
the purchaser, tolerances from the foregoing specified values 9.2 Grading shall be determined by Test Method C136.
shall be allowed as follows:
6.1.1 Grading—5 percentage points on the maximum value 10. Inspection
for the range for each sieve size, except the 12.5 mm (1⁄2 in.) 10.1 The purchaser or his representative shall be provided
and 9.5 mm (3⁄8 in.) for Grade 1 and 19.0 mm (3⁄4 in.) for Grade free entry and necessary facilities at the production plant or
2. storage area if he elects to sample sodium chloride at the
6.1.2 Chemical Composition—0.5 percentage point. source.
7. Condition
11. Rejection and Rehearing
7.1 The sodium chloride shall arrive at the purchaser’s
delivery point in a free-flowing and usable condition. 11.1 The sodium chloride shall be subject to rejection if it
fails to conform to any of the requirements of this specification.
8. Sampling
11.2 In the case of failure to meet the requirements on the
8.1 Not less than three sample increments shall be selected basis of an initial sample of a lot represented, two additional
at random from the lot (Note 2). Each increment shall be samples shall be taken from the lot and tested. If both
obtained by scraping aside the top layer of material to a depth additional samples meet the requirements, the lot shall be
of at least 25 mm (1 in.) and taking a 500-g (approximately accepted.
1-lb) quantity of sodium chloride to a depth of at least 150 mm
(6 in.). Sampling shall be done by means of a sampling thief or 12. Packaging and Marking
other method that will ensure a representative cross section of
the material. The sample increments shall be thoroughly mixed 12.1 The sodium chloride shall be delivered in bags or other
to constitute a composite sample representative of the lot. containers acceptable to the purchaser, or in bulk lots. The
name of the producer and the net weight shall be legibly
NOTE 2—A lot may be an amount agreed upon between purchaser and marked on each bag or container, or in the case of bulk lots, on
supplier at the time of purchase.
the shipping or delivery report.
9. Test Methods
9.1 Chemical Analysis—Test for compliance with the re- 13. Keywords
quirements for chemical composition in accordance with the 13.1 salt; snow and ice removal; sodium chloride; stabiliza-
following methods: tion; winter maintenance

ANNEX

(Mandatory Information)

A1. RAPID METHOD OF ANALYSIS FOR SODIUM CHLORIDE

A1.1. Scope A1.2.2 This rapid method of analysis does not distinguish
A1.1.1 This annex covers a rapid method for chemical between sodium chloride and other evaporite chloride com-
analysis of sodium chloride. pounds with ice-melting capabilities. Typical rock salt and
solar salt sometimes contains small amounts of CaCl2, MgCl2,
A1.1.2 This international standard was developed in accor-
and KCl, depending on the source of the material. When this
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the rapid method is used on continuing shipments from a known
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- source, it will provide a fast, essentially accurate determination
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical of the sodium chloride content of the material furnished. Thus,
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. the need for testing by the referee method, Test Method E534,
is reduced.
A1.2. Significance and Use
A1.2.1 The procedure for chemical analysis in this annex
determines the total amount of chlorides present in the sample
and expresses that value as sodium chloride.

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 D632 − 12
A1.3. Apparatus where:
A1.3.1 Glassware—Standard weighing bottles, volumetric A = reagent grade NaCl used, g,
flasks (conforming to Specification E288, Class C, or better), B = 0.05 N AgNO3 solution required to titrate the reagent
and burets (conforming to Specification E287, Class B, or grade NaCl, mL,
better). C = 0.05 N AgNO3 solution required to titrate the sample
being tested, mL,
A1.3.2 Balance, having a capacity of at least 20 g, accurate D = test sampling mass, g, and
and readable to 0.01 g. P = total chlorides, expressed as sodium chloride, in the
A1.4. Reagents sample being tested, %.
A1.4.1 Nitric Acid (HNO3), dilute (HNO3:H2O, 1:4 by A1.6.1 If moisture is apparent in the sample, dry a duplicate
volume). 10-g sample of the pulverized salt at 105°C and correct the
A1.4.2 Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)—Reagent grade-low mass of the sample accordingly.
chloride, powder.
A1.7. Precision and Bias
A1.4.3 Silver Nitrate Solution—0.05 N AgNO3.
A1.4.4 Sodium Chloride (NaCl)—Reagent grade. A1.7.1 Precision2—An interlaboratory study was conducted
and an analysis was made that included three materials ranging
A1.4.5 Potassium Chromate (K2CrO4) Solution—(50 g
from approximately 92 % to 99 % NaCl. Ten laboratories were
K2CrO4/L).
included in the study.
A1.5. Procedure
A1.7.2 Single-Operator Precision (NaCl composition
A1.5.1 Thoroughly mix the composite sample obtained 95.0 % and greater)—The single-operator standard deviation
under 8.1, and reduce by quartering or by means of a sample of a single test result for average NaCl composition 95.0 % and
splitter to approximately 500 g. Pulverize the reduced sample greater has been found to be 0.248.3 Therefore, results of two
to pass a 300-µm (No. 50) sieve. properly conducted tests by the same operator on the same
A1.5.2 Standardization—Standardize the silver nitrate material with the same equipment and under the same condi-
(AgNO3) solution daily, using 10 g of reagent grade sodium tions should not differ by more than 0.70 %.3
chloride (NaCl) following the applicable procedure in A1.5.3. A1.7.3 Multilaboratory Precision (NaCl composition
A1.5.3 From the pulverized sodium chloride, obtain a test 95.0 % and greater)—The multilaboratory standard deviation
sample with a mass of 10.00 6 0.01 g and place in a beaker of a single test result for average NaCl composition greater
with 250-mL distilled water. Add 10 mL of the diluted nitric than 95.0 % has been found to be 0.633 %.3 Therefore, results
acid solution (HNO3, 1 + 4 by volume) and stir for 20 min at of two properly conducted tests in different laboratories on the
room temperature to put the salt in solution. Transfer the same material should not differ by more than 1.79 %.3
solution, including any insoluble material, to a 2-L volumetric
flask, dilute to the mark with distilled water, and mix. With a A1.7.4 Single Operator Precision (NaCl composition less
pipet, draw off 25 mL of the solution and place in a white than 95.0 % and greater than 90.0 %)—The single-operator
porcelain casserole. Add 0.5 g of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) coefficient of variation of a single test result for average NaCl
to neutralize the excess HNO3, and adjust the pH to approxi- composition less than 95.0 % and greater than 90.0 % has been
mately 7. Add 3 mL of the potassium chromate (K2CrO4) found to be 0.427 %.3 Therefore, results of two properly
solution as an indicator and titrate dropwise with the silver conducted tests by the same operator on the same material with
nitrate (AgNO3) solution until a faint but distinct change in the same equipment and under the same conditions should not
color occurs—a persistent yellowish brown endpoint (see Note differ by more than 1.21 %.3
A1.1), comparable to standardization. Estimate the titer from A1.7.5 Multilaboratory Precision (NaCl composition less
the buret to the second decimal place. than 95.0 % and greater than 90.0 %)—The multilaboratory
NOTE A1.1—The color of the initial solution is lemon-yellow. With standard deviation of a single test result for average NaCl
addition of the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and stirring, the initial solution composition less than 95.0 % and greater than 90.0 % has been
becomes opaque, with a creamy lemon-yellow color. Addition of the silver found to be 0.711 %.3 Therefore, results of two properly
nitrate (AgNO3) solution produces silver chloride, which begins to conducted tests in different laboratories on the same material
agglomerate as the titration progresses, and the lemon-yellow color will
begin to have whitish, opaque swirls of silver chloride. As the titration should not differ by more than 2.00 %.3
proceeds, the red color formed by addition of each drop begins to A1.7.6 Bias—No justifiable statement can be made on the
disappear more slowly. Continue the addition dropwise until a faint but
distinct change in color occurs and the yellow-brown to faint reddish- bias of this test method because the data are not available.
brown color persists. The first stable presence of red silver chromate is the
endpoint. If the endpoint is overstepped, a deep reddish-brown color
occurs
2
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
A1.6 Calculate—Calculate the total chlorides expressed as be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D04-1016. Contact ASTM Customer
percent NaCl as follows: Service at [email protected].
3
These numbers represent, respectively, the (1s %) and (d2s %) limits, as
P 5 @ ~ A/B ! 3 ~ C/D ! # 3 100 (A1.1) described in Practice C670.

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 D632 − 12
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