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    Facial Nerve

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    Pulkit
    The facial nerve has the longest intracranial course of any cranial nerve. It begins developing in the embryo at week 3 and continues developing throughout gestation and into adolescence. The facial nerve has several functional components including secretomotor fibers to glands, afferent fibers from glands, motor fibers to facial muscles, taste fibers to parts of the tongue and palate, and sensory fibers to the skin of the ear. Its nuclei are located in the brainstem.

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    Facial Nerve

    Uploaded by

    Pulkit
    40 views2 pages
    The facial nerve has the longest intracranial course of any cranial nerve. It begins developing in the embryo at week 3 and continues developing throughout gestation and into adolescence. The facial nerve has several functional components including secretomotor fibers to glands, afferent fibers from glands, motor fibers to facial muscles, taste fibers to parts of the tongue and palate, and sensory fibers to the skin of the ear. Its nuclei are located in the brainstem.

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    The facial nerve has the longest intracranial course of any cranial nerve. It begins developing in the embryo at week 3 and continues developing throughout gestation and into adolescence. The facial nerve has several functional components including secretomotor fibers to glands, afferent fibers from glands, motor fibers to facial muscles, taste fibers to parts of the tongue and palate, and sensory fibers to the skin of the ear. Its nuclei are located in the brainstem.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    40 views2 pages

    Facial Nerve

    Uploaded by

    Pulkit
    The facial nerve has the longest intracranial course of any cranial nerve. It begins developing in the embryo at week 3 and continues developing throughout gestation and into adolescence. The facial nerve has several functional components including secretomotor fibers to glands, afferent fibers from glands, motor fibers to facial muscles, taste fibers to parts of the tongue and palate, and sensory fibers to the skin of the ear. Its nuclei are located in the brainstem.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Facial Nerve

    Longest course (in comparison to other nerves) in Bony Canal.


    Nerve of second arch, for facial exp 7000 SVE motor fibres work in union. In total 10,000 fibres in
    facial nerves.
    Facial nerve is not completely developed till Adolescence.

    EMBRYOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT

    Week 3 – Collection of neural crest cells to become facial nerve identifiable

    Week 5 – Chorda, GSPN, facial motor nucleus

    Week 6 – Genu and branch to posterior belly of diagastric.

    Week 7,8 – Myoblasts form facial muscles

    Week 8 – Nerve to stapedius, Temporofacial and cervicofacial branches of FN

    Week 8th end – rest of terminal branches

    Week 12th – all facial muscles are identified

    FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS

    GVE – Secretomotor to Lacrimal, Submandibular, sublingual, nose, palatal and pharynx glands.
    GVA – Afferent impulses from above glands
    SVE – Facial muscles and muscles for elevation of hyoid bone
    SVA – Taste from palate and anterior 2/3rd of tongue
    GSomaticA – skin of ear
    GVE and GVA – Salivatory and Lacrimatory nucleus, SVE (Motor nucleus), SVA (NTS), GSA
    (Spinal nucleus of trigeminal)

    NUCLEUS

    Brachiomotor
    Superior salivatory nucleus
    Nucleus of Tractus solitaries
    Spinal Nucleus of Trigeminal (for GSA sensations)

    IN CHILD

    due to absence of Mastoid process and incomplete tympanic ring so the Chorda tympani may pass
    through STYLOMASTOID FORAMEN (in place of petrotympanic fissure)
    Nerve trunk on exit from stylomastoid foramen in child is more anterior and lateral
    2nd genu in child is more acute and more lateral
    In child nerve is very superficial over angle of mandible

    COURSE

    Supranuclear
    Nuclear
    Infranuclear – Intratemporal & Extratemporal
    SUPRANUCLEAR :
    Precentral and postcentral Gyrus Corticobulbar tract Genu of Internal Capsule Upper
    midbrain to Pons Facial Principal nucleus located on pons i.e. Branchiomotor nucleus.
    In cortex tracts to upper parts of face are crossed and uncrossed i.e. bilateral representation whereas to
    lower part of face are only crossed so contralateral representation. (So cortical lesion spares upper
    face)

    NUCLEAR SEGMENT

    Video ☺ ☺
    Motor nucleus (Brachiomotor nucleus),Parasympathetic fibres, Salivatory and Lacrimatory nucleus
    (Superior Salivatory nucleus), Taste sensation (Nucleus of tractus Solitarius), GSA (touch pain temp
    from post EAC)(Spinal nucleus of Trigeminal nuclear system)
    Brachiomotor Fibres move back for principal nucleus wind around 6th nerve (internal genu)
    tent in 4th ventricle (Facial Colliculus) and exit at CP angle or pontomedullary junction (Medial
    to lateral 6-7-8 nerve) IAC with 8th cranial nerve till anterosuperior quad of medial wall of middle
    ear till geniculate ganglion 1st genu turns back into Horizontal canal on medial wall of
    middle ear downwards into posterior wall of middle ear i.e. 2nd genu and exit via Stylomastoid
    foramen (Gives nerve to stapedius on the way (through Pyramid) ) 1 mm on exiting posterior
    auricular branch and nerve to stylohyoid and posterior belly of diagastric goes to parotid 5
    branches TZBMC
    Rest three combined form the nervus intermedius (sensory input) IAC (petrous part of temporal
    bone) Anteromedial wall of medial wall of middle ear Geniculate Ganglion (common pathway
    for both BM and NI)
    GVE = Superior Salivatory Nucleus Salivatory and Lacrimatory fibres (Parasympathetic secretary
    fibres) DO NOT relay on Geniculate ganglion
    Lacrimatory Fibres via GSPN Middle cranial fossa Foramen Lacerum dips then goes to
    anterior wall of foramen along with Deep petrosal nerve (Symp fibres around ICA) Vidian
    nerve i.e. nerve to pterygoid canal (GPN + DPN) in pterygoid canal Sphenopalatine (aka
    Pterygopalatine ganglion aka nasal ganglion aka Meckel’s ganglion) RELAY there Post
    ganglionic via Zygomatic b/o Maxillary nerve (b/o Trigeminal) goes till Lacrimal nerve (b/o
    ophthalmic b/o trigeminal) Supplies Lacrimal gland, nasal glands, PNS glands, palatine glands
    Salivatory Fibres move with BM fibres Separate before entering Stylomastoid foramen enter
    posterior canaliculus on (posterior wall of middle ear) crosses middle ear and passes via
    Petrotympanic fissure as Chorda tympani Go along with Lingual nerve (b/o Mandibular division
    of trigeminal nerve coming via Foramen ovale) separates and goes to Submandibular ganglion
    RELAYS postganglionic supply to Submandibular and sublingual glands.

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