1. Fig. 1.1 shows the waveform of the note from a bell.

A grid is given to help you take

measurements.

Fig. 1.1
(a) (i) State what, if anything, is happening to the loudness of the note.
............................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) State how you deduced your answer to (a)(i).
............................................................................................................................ [1]
(b) (i) State what, if anything, is happening to the frequency of the note.
............................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) State how you deduced your answer to (b)(i).
............................................................................................................................ [1]
(c) (i) How many oscillations does it take for the amplitude of the wave to decrease to
half its initial value?
............................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) The wave has a frequency of 300 Hz.
1. What is meant by a frequency of 300 Hz ?
...........................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................... [1]
2. How long does 1 cycle of the wave take?
..................................................................................................................... [1]
3. How long does it take for the amplitude to decrease to half its initial value?
..................................................................................................................... [2]
(d) A student says that the sound waves, which travelled through the air from the bell,
were longitudinal waves, and that the air molecules moved repeatedly closer together
and then further apart.

(i) Is the student correct in saying that the sound waves are longitudinal? .................
(ii) Is the student correct about the movement of the air molecules? .................
(iii) The student gives light as another example of longitudinal waves.
Is this correct? ................. [2]
2. (a) Make the following sentences about sound echoes correct by crossing out the
incorrect alternatives. An example has been given to help you.

(b) Two students, A and B, are trying to use echoes to enable them to measure the
speed of sound. Student A has two blocks of wood that make a loud sound when
banged together. Student B has a stopwatch. They stand 240 m from the school wall,
as shown in Fig.2.1.

Fig.2.1.
Student A bangs the blocks together and, at the same time, B starts the stopwatch.
B stops the stopwatch when he hears the echo. The watch then reads 1.6s.

(i) How far did the sound travel during the 1.6s? ................................ m [1]
(ii) Calculate the speed of sound.

speed of sound = ......................................... m/s [2]

(iii) The students expected that the value for the speed of sound would be closer to
330m/s.
Suggest two reasons that might explain why the students’ value was different from
what was expected.
1................................................................................................................................
2.......................................................................................................................... [2]

(iv) A navigation buoy floating on the sea oscillates up and down as a wave passes.

Navigation buoy In exactly two minutes, six complete wavelengths pass the buoy.

Calculate the frequency of the waves

……………………………………………….[2]
 MARKING KEY

2.