Creating an IoT Ecosystem

IEEE Internet of Things Initiative

Roberto Minerva, IoT Initiative Chair

Hendrik Berndt, Scenarios Track Chair
San Diego, Dec 6th, 2015

1
Agenda

IEEE IoT Initiative

What IoT is and its several challenges

IoT … the T means Things

IoT and e-Health

IoT and Data

IoT and Communications

Concluding Remarks

2
IEEE IoT Initiative: Objectives

Develop and promote valued programs, products and services

for the IoT community

To establish:
Ø  IEEE World Forum on IoT as the principal conference devoted to IoT
Ø  The IEEE IoT Journal as the principal journal devoted to IoT
Ø  IEEE IoT standards as the principal standards in IoT
Ø  IEEE’s IoT tutorials, review articles, workshops, short courses and
similar activities as the principal IoT educational activities.

3
 Internet of Things Initiative:
Organization
Internet of Things (IoT)
Chair
(R. Minerva)

Publications Industry Conferences Scenarios

Education Track Track Engagement Track Standards Track Comm./PR Track
Track
(A. Pears) (Chuck) (L. Stogner)
(Y.K. Chen) (O. Logvinov) (V. Piuri) (H. Berndt)

Education Publications IndustryWorking Conferences Standards Comm./PR Scenarios

Working Group Working Group Group Working Group Working Group Working Group Working Group

4
Scenario track of the IEEE IoT
Initiative

Ø  Within this global track a widespread set of Use Cases,

Business Models and reference implementations of IoT is
being assembled to provide for IoT community members
compelling examples of service descriptions.

Ø  It serves as encouragement for solution findings for the

community members’ own needs and to derive from them a
generic IoT architecture.

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Deriving Input from Scenarios for
an IoT Architectural Framework

Why?
Ø  Most current standardization activities are confined to very
specific domains and stakeholder groups. They therefore
represent islands of disjointed and often redundant
development.

Ø  IEEE P2413 architectural framework is an attempt to

overcome this

6
Deriving Input from Scenarios for
an IoT Architectural Framework

IEEE P2413 provides for

Ø  a reference model that defines relationships among various

IoT domains (e.g., transportation, healthcare, etc.) and
common architecture elements and
Ø  a reference architecture that builds upon the reference
model
Ø  defines basic architectural building blocks and their ability to
be integrated into multi-tiered systems
Ø  IoT domain abstractions, and
Ø  how to document and mitigate architecture divergence

7
Deriving Input from Scenarios for
an IoT Architectural Framework

IEEE P2413

Ø  Besides interactions with standardization activities within

IEEE, P2413 will strive to establish liaisons with other
standardization bodies.

Ø  Discussions are underway with IEEE 802.24, IEC SG8,

oneM2M, and IIC

Ø  Work completion timeline: 2016

8
Agenda

IEEE IoT Initiative

What IoT is and its several challenges

IoT … the T means Things

IoT and e-Health

IoT and Data

IoT and Communications

Concluding Remarks

9
IoT implies a lot of Challenges

•  Definition of Things and •  Silos vs. Horizontal •  Privacy Challenge

«Identity of Things» Application Domains •  Ownership Challenge
Challenge •  The revenue challenge •  Security Challenge
•  Complexity Challenge •  Per device •  Easiness of Use
•  Communication •  Connectivity Challenge
Paradigms Challenge •  Data •  Social Cooperation
•  Data Challenge •  The Value Chain Challenge
•  The Software Platform Challenge
Challenge •  New Biz Model
Challenge
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 Context: the Rise of Softwarization
Key drivers towards softwarization
Commoditization of HW, Virtualization,
i.e., general purpose HW is becoming more and more powerful and i.e., the capability to execute Autonomics & Self-Organization
functions and services on the ability of large system to adaptively &
cheap. Cloud computing evolving towards a Fog of very powerful
terminals (smartphones) virtual computational autonomously optimize their behavior
environments
Availability of Application Programming Interfaces
Commoditization of communications,
for several resources and functionalities
i.e., the ubiquitous availability of communications means
(pertaining to the Comm, Stor, Proc, Sens/Acting realms)

Open Source, Big data,

i.e., the ability to model resources and functions by means of software the capability to collect data in real time that describe a phenomenon
communities that share results and tools associated with a resource or a person (or groups of them)

Softwarization instantiations
Softwarization Emergence of Virtual Big Data Edge as Point
of the Telcos new Services Continuum of Intelligence
•  Real Time Data
•  Software Defined paradigms and •  Creating new Virtual
management
Accumulation
Networks (SDN) Worlds bridging the •  Smart Terminals
•  Network Functions Biz Models Physical •  The Bank of User
Data •  Different
Virtualization (NFV) •  Servitization: •  WorldMetaverse:
•  Electronic Money connectivity options
•  Integration of SDN, Anything as a Integrating of the •  Smart environment
NFV with Cloud Service (e.g., IoT) Physical and Virtual •  ….
•  Pervasive sensoring Worlds
and actuating •  Micro-Manufacturing:
3D Printers

Processing, Storage and Communication resources will be interchangeable. Their composition will allow to
provide high quality services, while virtualization and autonomics will allow for system optimization (aggregating resources where
they are needed the most)
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Agenda

IEEE IoT Initiative

What IoT is and its several challenges

IoT … the T means Things

IoT and e-Health

IoT and Data

IoT and Communications

Concluding Remarks

12
What are “Things” ?

https://ibmcai.files.wordpress.com/2014/06/iot-network.jpg
 What are Internet-Connected
Things?
Active/passive, with/without
Generic Info Contextualized Info

context
Passive Objects A Tag, Info + a location
A pointer to some
information

Reactive Objects A switch at home (turn Home Automation

it on/off), (when temperature
A smart meter reaches 20 C stop
heating)

Autonomous Objects A Vending Machine, A Cleaning Robot

An Intelligent Fridge
Each Object can be a “Smart Thing”
Virtual Continuum
ICT Resources
Global
Local Services
Services API
Extended •  Each Resource
Interface Functions /Interface
Virtualization is representable
in the “Net”
in the Cloud
API
ICT
Resource
Resource •  Each resource
can be made
programmable
Global
Services
API
•  Each Resource
Physical/Logical can be
Resources Extended functionally
Functions /Interface
Virtualization
augmented
in the “Net”
API
Physical
Resource
Resource
IoTApplication Domains & Stakeholders
Hospitals & Doctors
Consumer equipment providers
Insurance companies
Consumers Healthcare
Appliances
Home & providers
Media Building
ICT infrastructure
providers
Facility
management
Regulators
IoT
Logistics architecture Retail Retail stores
Logistics frame work
companies
Application
developers
Public transport
Mobility/
companies Transpor- Energy
tation
Utilities
City authorities Manufacturing

Automation equipment providers

Manufacturing industries

*due to the diversity of IoT application areas only selected domains and stakeholders are shown

16
 How Many Things?

17
Are we ready to deal with
Billions of smart and
independent things?

Billions of smart There is the need to

objects cannot be move towards zero-
managed in a configuration and
traditional manner autonomic systems

06/12/15
 One IoT - two different views

The Internet of Things (IoT) envisions systems made out of networked sensors and smart
objects whose purpose is to measure/control/operate on an environment in such a way to make
it intelligent, usable, and programmable and capable of providing useful services to humans.

Single Administrative Domain Multiple Administrative Domains

•  In a single administrative domain •  In multiple administrative domains, the
Internet of Things envisions a system IoT envisions the integration of several
comprising sensors/actuators, heterogeneous systems as “networks of
aggregators, gateways and service networks”, each one using different
control. These components use Internet technologies, interfaces and protocols and
protocols and/or specific sensor governed/managed by different Actors by
protocols to communicate. means of different processes and
•  These systems could be quite large in managements functions.
size and complex in technologies (even •  IoT in a multi domain envisions a self-
if they will tend to use a few of them), configuring and adaptive complex system
but they are homogeneous from a made out of networks of sensors and
management perspective, at least in smart objects whose purpose is to
processes and governance and in interconnect “all” things, including every
ownership day and industrial objects in a way as
described above

19
Agenda

IEEE IoT Initiative

What IoT is and its several challenges

IoT … the T means Things

IoT and e-Health

IoT and Data

IoT and Communications

Concluding Remarks

20
Expenditure on E-Health as a
percentage of GPD

A Challenge: how to use technologies to cut costs

and improve quality in the health environment
 Healthcare is challenged..

Ø  by large amounts of data in motion that is diverse,

unstructured and growing exponentially.

Ø  By data constantly streaming in through interconnected

sensors, monitors and instruments in real - time faster
than a doctors or nurse or hospital can keep up with

Nome del Relatore, Nome Struttura 22

Big Data and e-Health

As volume and velocity of health data

increases, new technologies
such as Stream computing, help
to analyse health information in real- time
and represent results in a logical way to
help caregivers make better decisions.

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Libelium Open Source e-Health
Sensor Platform
The e-Health Sensor platform allows Arduino and Raspberry Pi users to
perform biometric and medical applications where body monitoring is
needed using 9 different sensors:

Ø  pulse,
Ø  oxygen in blood (SPO2),
Ø  airflow (breathing),
Ø  body temperature,
Ø  electrocardiogram (ECG),
Ø  glucometer,
Ø  galvanic skin response (GSR-sweating),
Ø  blood pressure (sphygmomanometer) and
Ø  patient position (accelerometer)

06/12/15
 Example: biometric and medical
applications with body monitoring

Source: http://postscapes.com/internet-of-things-award/project/libelium-open-source-e-health-sensor-platform/
 Supply and demand

26 06/12/15
Example: BedSores

Ø  The approach utilizes thousands of sensors that

form an electronic sheet over a mattress to detect
in real time the precise distribution of pressure
across the mattress.

Ø  The system links up with a handheld monitoring

device that displays images of pressure
distribution and sounds alarms if patients need to
be turned.

Ø  The system keeps a history of the patient’s

positioning that caregivers can access across
multiple shifts.
Example: BedSores

http://www.sokasleep.com/blog/

http://medtecheurope.blogactiv.eu/2014/04/02/when-design-meets-medtech-
three-ideas-in-preventing-and-managing-pressure-ulcers/
A rehabilitation scenario

http://www.ece.gatech.edu/research/labs/msl/research/
http://medicalxpress.com/news/2015-06-patients-recover-
arm-virtual-reality.html
 The European project
SEMEOTICONS

The empowerment of
individuals to self-monitor
status and improve life-style,
is expected to have a great
impact on the reduction of
health expenditure

30 06/12/15 http://www.semeoticons.eu/
Some observation on e-health
Data
E-Health Data will contribute to the Data
Surge
• Many data from health related sources
• Integration with wellness systems
• Multimedia data

Privacy of data and fair usage

• There is the need to protect the final user/ patient
• New ownership of data are to be defined (Bank of user
data)

IoT and Big Data analysis will go hand in

hand
• Exploitation and monetization of data sets
• Collection of data and new applications fields is essentially
undiscovered
Agenda

IEEE IoT Initiative

What IoT is and its several challenges

IoT … the T means Things

IoT and e-Health

IoT and Data

IoT and Communications

Concluding Remarks

32
How much Data (and traffic)?

= 2.33 MB /Day = 12.2 MB /Day

= 27 Byte /s = 141 Byte /s

http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/visual-networking-index-vni/
white_paper_c11-520862.html#Trend_3_Measuring_Mobile_IoE
 IoT Data and … Identity of Things
Things have Identities (and Owners) People have Identities and use Things

Identity Relation
Me

Functional Relation (events and commands)

“My” Smart Thing Raw data to be

transformed into Info

Third Parties

Functional Personal
Profiling Profiling
 Aggregating Data per Identity …
Ø  Who is the Owner of
all these Data ?
Ø  Who has the right to
Events and commands extract info ?
“OUR” Smart Things

Raw data to be
transformed into
Information
+ * = Bigger
DATA
Functional Personal
Profiling Profiling

Who, Where, When, What, Why, …

50 B Devices * ~ 2MB/day = ~ 88.8 Petabytes

(Average Aggregated Traffic of M2M Devices) /day
 Fog Computing Happens When Big Data
Analytics Marries Internet Of Things

http://tarrysingh.com/2014/07/fog-computing-happens-when-big-data-
analytics-marries-internet-of-things/
36 06/12/15
 http://tarrysingh.com/2014/07/fog-computing-happens-when-big-data-
37 06/12/15 analytics-marries-internet-of-things/
Agenda

IEEE IoT Initiative

What IoT is and its several challenges

IoT … the T means Things

IoT and e-Health

IoT and Data

IoT and Communications

Concluding Remarks

38
 Three Communication Environments
Long Range Communication
Services and
(3G, 4G, 5G, …)
Applications
(Cloud and
Internet) •  Network as a fast Pipe
•  Distributed Edge
Networked Platform
Control/ •  Value of UpLink
Personal Devices Management •  Control of Spikes of
Information
Communication •  Virtualization in the
Cloud of Resources
Short Range •  Transactional
Communication with
Communication Smart Environment Guarantees
(WiFi, BlueTooth, NFC, Communication
ZigBee, 6LoWPAN, …) (capillary network)
The Network is a commodity
Intelligence aggregates at the Pervasiveness and high distribution of functions
Edges Complete decentralization
Network Intelligence makes no Autonomic behavior
sense Opportunistic and dynamic usage of resources and networks
Integration of processing, storage, communication and
“sensing”
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 Anything will be a node !
Ø  Intel has unveiled a WiFi sliver of
silicon that can be part of a normal
microprocessor chip.
Ø  We can expect that wherever we find a
microprocessor (e.g. in over 70% of
toys, to name just one area) we will
find embedded connectivity.

Consequently there is a trend in devices:

integration of communication, processing,
storage and sensing/actuation capabilities

Roberto Saracco
http://www.blog.telecomfuturecentre.it/
Nodes will connect with each other
in unpredictable ways
•  Increasing richness and
Aggregation 2
complexity at the edge of networks
1 •  D2D Communications
Aggregation 1
2
Aggregation 3

3 Network

Node Aggregation at time t1

1 Aggregation 2
3
Aggregation 1

http://muxware.net/sol_mesh.php
2
Node Aggregation at time t2
 IoT Service Layer
5G Slicing supporting IoT
IoT  Services  and  ApplicaAon  

Service  API  
Virtual Resources

Virtualized  FuncAons  
(IoT Slice)

IoT Slice

North  bound  API  

5G Resources and Infrastructure

Edge  Infrastructures   Virtual  Infrastructure   Other  Infrastructures  

Southbound  API  

Core  Resources  and  Networks  

 5G & Internet of Things
5G will be the perfect backbone for the Internet of Things because it will bring
together many disparate networks into one unified framework that combines
shortrange communications such as RFID and Bluetooth with cellular technology
and incorporates small cells and heterogeneous networks.

5G is envisioned as a wireless network that will deliver

Ø  speeds of 20 Gbps,
Ø  offer extremely low latency, have less than 1 millisecond and
Ø  connect billions of devices

What makes 5G particularly appealing for IoT, however, is that it will also make it
possible to segment out low-bandwidth users and devices that don’t necessarily
need the high data speeds and huge chunks of bandwidth to work. Instead these
5G ‘use cases’ just need a reliable connection that is interoperable with other IoT
devices and networks.

43 06/12/15 Fierce Wireless:

 Tactile Internet

44 06/12/15
 Tactile Internet
Ø  The tactile Internet can be seen as the extension of current
mobile Internet and Internet of Things in regard to moving
objects and real-time applications based on a 5G-
communication infrastructure

Ø  Main focus à the human in the loop

©Gerhard Fettweis, TU Dresden

Ø  The comparison with the sensing/reacting of the human body

capability has been taken as the foundation for a definition of
new service classes and applications, in particular for virtual
reality, robotics and human caretaking
45 Pune, 07.10.2015
 Tactile Internet
creates a paradigm shift from content delivery to skill-set delivery networks

©
Takeaways on Communications

Understand the The Intelligent

fundamental is at the EDGE
role of (Put in the Net 5G as an
enabler
Terminals and only valuable
Devices functions)

06/12/15
Agenda

IEEE IoT Initiative

What IoT is and its several challenges

IoT … the T means Things

IoT and e-Health

IoT and Data

IoT and Communications

Concluding Remarks

48
Help solving the many
interoperability Issues
Software Interoperability

Protocol Interoperability

Data Interoperability

Processes and management Interoperability

Reliability / Autonomics
Business Issues

Value Chain

Viable Business
Models

Prosumers and
Users
Creating Connected ecosystems

Key enablers
Ø  IoT
Ø  5G
Ø  Industry 4.0 – The Verticals

Advancing those technologies in society and industry in a

very broad sense creates new levels of
Ø  inspiration and imagination
Ø  invention of new technology
Ø  challenges for research communities
Ø  investment opportunities
Ø  national ambitions

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