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CSAL

The document discusses the components and operation of the SAP-1 computer. It describes the program counter, memory address register, instruction register, controller sequencer, accumulator, instruction set, and timing in terms of T states. It also compares the SAP-1 to microprocessors like the 8080 and 8085 which can have variable length instruction cycles.

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Darrius Dela Peña
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87 views1 page

CSAL

The document discusses the components and operation of the SAP-1 computer. It describes the program counter, memory address register, instruction register, controller sequencer, accumulator, instruction set, and timing in terms of T states. It also compares the SAP-1 to microprocessors like the 8080 and 8085 which can have variable length instruction cycles.

Uploaded by

Darrius Dela Peña
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Darrius S.

Dela Peña
E-451
Self Test Review

1. The Program counter, which is part of the control unit, counts from 0000 to 1111. T sends to the
memory the of the next instruction.
2. (program, address) The MAR, or register, latches the address from the program counter.
A bit later, the MAR applies this address to the , where a read operation is performed.
3. (memory-address,RAM) The insruction register is part of the control unit. The contents of the
register are split into two nibbles. The upper nibble goes to the
.
4. (instruction, controller sequencer) The controller sequencer produces a 12-bit word that
controls the rest of the computer. The 12 wires carrying this word are called the control
.
5. (control, bus) The is a buffer register that stores sums or differences. Its two-state output
goes to the adder-subtracter. The produces the sum when Sv is high. The output register
is sometimes called an output .
6. (accumulator, adder-subtracter, port) The SAP-1 set is LDA, ADD, SUB, OUT and
HLT. LDA, ADD, and SUB are called instructions because they use data stored in the
memory.
7. (instruction, memory-reference) The 8080 was the first widely used microprocessor. The is
a enhanced version of the 8080 with essentially the same instruction set.
8. (8085) LDA, ADD, SUB, OUT, and HLT re called the code language uses mnemonics
when writing a program language uses strings of 0s and 1s.
9. (op, assembly, machine) SAP-1 has T states, periods during which register contents change.
The ring counter, ot counter, produces these T states. These six T states represent one
machine cycle. In SAP-1 the instruction cycle has only one machine cycle. In microprocessors like
the 8080 and the 8085, the cycle may have from one to five machine cycles.
10. (six, state, instruction) The controller-sequencer sends out control words, one during each T
state or clock cycle. Each control word is called a . Instructions like LDA, ADD, SUB, etc.
are called . Each SA—1 macroinstructions is made up of three .
11. (microinstruction, macroinstruction, microinstructions) With larger instruction sets, the control
matrix becomes very complicated. This is why hard-wired control is being replaced by . The basic
idea is to store the in a control ROM.
12. (microprogramming, microinstructions) SAP-1 uses a fixed machine cycle for all instructions. In
other words, each machine cycle take exactly six T states. Microprocessors like the 8085

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