Červenka Consulting s.r.o.

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ATENA Program Documentation

Part 6

ATENA Input File Format

Written by
Jan Červenka and Libor Jendele

Prague, January 31, 2018

Ackowledgements:
The software was developed with partial support of Eurostars funding program.
The following models were developed with the financial support of TA ČR:
CC3DNonLinCementitious2HPRFC, CC3DNonLinCementitious2FRC,
CC3DNonLinCementitious2SHCC, CCModelGeneral, CCTransportMaterial
Durability Anslysis module has been developed during the project TA04031458, „Software for
prediction and modelling of durability and safety of transportation structures“ funded by TA ČR

Trademarks:
ATENA is registered trademark of Vladimir Cervenka.
Microsoft and Microsoft Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.

Copyright © 2000-2018 Červenka Consulting s.r.o.

 iii

CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE OF THE DOCUMENT 9

2 PROGRAM EXECUTION 9

3 INPUT COMMANDS 13

3.1 Changes of Input Commands Syntax in the New Version 13

3.2 General Rules 14

3.3 Main Input Commands 15

3.4 Analysis Identification and Execution Settings 17

3.4.1 The Command &TASK 17
3.4.2 The Command &ALLOCATE_NODAL_DOFS 17
3.4.3 The Command &TERMINATE / &BREAK 17
3.4.4 The Command &JUMP / &LABEL 18
3.4.5 The Command &DEBUG 19
3.4.6 The Command &MODULE 19
3.4.7 The Command &THREADING 20
3.4.8 The Command &EVALUATE 20
3.4.9 The Command &BREAK_DEBUG 22
3.4.10 The Command &SELECTION 22
3.4.11 The Command &SELECTION_REAL 28
3.4.12 The Command &SET 29
3.4.13 The Command &UNITS 51

3.5 Topology Definition 53

3.5.1 The Command &JOINT 53
3.5.2 The Command &LOCAL 53
3.5.3 The Command &GEOMETRY 54
3.5.4 The command &ELEMENT 66
3.5.5 Geometrical imperfections &NODAL_IMPERFECTIONS 76

3.6 Material Definition - The Command &MATERIAL 78

3.6.1 Linear Elastic Isotropic Materials 81
3.6.1.1 Sub-command &LINEAR_ELASTIC_ISOTROPIC 81
3.6.2 Cementitious Materials 83
3.6.2.1 Sub-command &3DCEMENTITIOUS 83
3.6.2.2 Sub-command &3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS 86
3.6.2.3 Sub-command &3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS2 90
iv

3.6.2.4 Sub-command &3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS2VARIABLE 94

3.6.2.5 Sub-command &3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS2USER 98
3.6.2.6 Sub-command &3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS2SHCC 106
3.6.2.7 Sub-command &3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS2FATIGUE 113
3.6.2.8 Sub-command &3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS3 117
3.6.2.9 Sub-command &SBETAMATERIAL 121
3.6.3 Elastic – Plastic materials 126
3.6.3.1 Sub-command &VON_MISES_PLASTICITY and &DRUCKER_PRAGER_PLASTICITY 126
3.6.4 User Material 130
3.6.4.1 Sub-command &USER_MATERIAL 130
3.6.5 Interface Material 132
3.6.5.1 Sub-command &INTERFACE_MATERIAL 132
3.6.6 Material Type for Reinforcement 135
3.6.6.1 Sub-commands &REINFORCEMENT, &REINFORCEMENT_WITH_CYCLING_BEHAVIOR ,
&SMEARED_REINFORCEMENT and &CIRCUMFERENTIAL_SMEARED_REINFORCEMENT 135
3.6.7 Material Type for Spring 139
3.6.7.1 Sub-command &SPRING 139
3.6.8 Microplane Material Type for Concrete 140
3.6.8.1 Sub-command &MICROPLANE 140
3.6.9 &Creep Materials 149
3.6.9.1 Sub-command &CCModelB3_DATA 150
3.6.9.2 Sub-command &CCModelB3Improved_Data 151
3.6.9.3 Sub- command &CCModelFIB_MC2010_DATA 153
3.6.9.4 Sub-command &CCModelEN1992_DATA 156
3.6.9.5 Sub-command &CCModelBP_KX_DATA 158
3.6.9.6 Sub-command &CCModelACI78_DATA 159
3.6.9.7 Sub-command &CCModelCEB_FIP78_DATA 161
3.6.9.8 Sub-command &CCModelCSN731202_DATA 161
3.6.9.9 Sub-command &CCModelBP1_DATA 162
3.6.9.10 Sub-command &CCModelBP2_DATA 164
3.6.9.11 Sub-command &CCModelGeneral_Data 165
3.6.10 Material Type for Combined Material 166
3.6.10.1 Sub-command &COMBINED_MATERIAL 166
3.6.11 Material Type for Material with Variable Properties 166
3.6.11.1 Sub-command &VARIABLE_MATERIAL 166
3.6.12 Material Type for Material with Temperature Dependent Properties 167
3.6.12.1 Sub-command &MATERIAL_WITH_TEMP_DEP_PROPERTIES 167
3.6.13 Material Type for Material with Properties Varying in Space 169
3.6.13.1 Sub-command &MATERIAL_WITH_RANDOM_FIELDS 169
ATENA Input File Format v

3.6.14 Material Types for Simplified Nonlinear Analysis Using CCBeam Element 170
3.6.14.1 Sub-command &BEAM_MASONRY_MATERIAL 170
3.6.14.2 Sub-command &BEAM_RC_MATERIAL 174
3.6.14.3 Sub-command &BEAM_REINF_BAR_MATERIAL 178

3.7 Load and Boundary Conditions Definition 180

3.7.1 The Command &LOAD 181
3.7.1.1 The Sub-command &LOAD_DISPLACEMENT 181
3.7.1.2 The Sub-command &COMPLEX_LOAD_DISPLACEMENT 181
3.7.1.3 The Sub-command &SIMPLE_LOAD_DISPLACEMENT 182
3.7.1.4 The Sub-commands &LOAD_FORCE, &COMPLEX_LOAD_FORCE and
&SIMPLE_LOAD_FORCE 183
3.7.1.5 The Sub-command for &MASTER_SLAVE_NODES 184
3.7.1.6 The Sub-command &ELEMENT_LOAD 188
3.7.1.6.1 The Sub-command &LOADED_ELEMS and &LOAD_COEFF 188
3.7.1.6.2 The Sub-command &BODY_ELEMENT_LOAD 189
3.7.1.6.3 The Sub-command &BOUNDARY_ELEMENT_LOAD 189
3.7.1.6.4 The Sub-command &TEMPERATURE_ELEMENT_LOAD 189
3.7.1.6.5 The Sub-command &ELEMENT_INITIAL_STRAIN_LOAD and
&ELEMENT_INITIAL_STRESS_LOAD 189
3.7.1.6.6 The Sub-command &PRESTRESSING_LOAD, &FIXED_PRESTRESSING_LOAD and
&FIXED_PRESTRAINING_LOAD 190
3.7.1.6.7 The sub-command &MASS_ACCELERATIONS_ELEMENT_LOAD 190
3.7.1.6.8 The sub-command &ELEMENT_INITIAL_GAP_LOAD 190
3.7.1.6.9 The Command ELEMENT_LOAD Options for &Durability Analysis 194
3.7.1.7 The Sub-command &SPRING_DEFINITION 197
3.7.1.8 The Sub-command &RIGID_BODY, &INVERSE_RIGID_BODY 199
3.7.1.9 The Sub-command &BEAM_NL_CONNECTION 199

3.8 Step and Execution Commands 200

3.8.1 The Command &STEP 200

3.9 Output Command 202

3.9.1 The Command &OUTPUT 202

3.10 Creep Analysis Related Commands 217

3.10.1 The Command &RETARDATION 218
3.10.2 The command &HISTORY_IMPORT 218

3.11 Dynamic Analysis Related Commands 219

3.11.1 Finite element and material model related data 219
3.11.2 Dynamic initial values of state variables 220
3.11.3 CCStructuresDynamic Set parameters 221
vi

3.11.4 Step definition 222

3.11.5 Lumped masses 222
3.11.6 Eigenvalue and eigenvectors analysis 222
3.11.7 Eigenvalues and eigenvectors analysis execution command 224
3.11.8 Sample input data for transient dynamic analysis 224
3.11.9 Sample input data for eigenvalues and eigenvectors analysis 234

3.12 Miscellaneous Commands 240

3.12.1 The Command &FUNCTION 240
3.12.2 The Command &PRE-CRACK 244
3.12.3 The Command &DELETE 244
3.12.4 The Command &MACRO_DELETE 245
3.12.5 The Command &INPUT 245
3.12.6 The Command &MESSAGE 246
3.12.7 The Command &ERROR 246
3.12.8 The Command &RESTORE 247
3.12.9 The Command &STORE 247
3.12.10 The Command &PUSHOVER_ANALYSIS 247
3.12.11 Static initial values of state variables 252

3.13 Preprocessor commands 253

3.13.1 The Command &T3D_SPEC 254
3.13.1.1 The NODEPROP / ELEMPROP parameter 254
3.13.1.2 The subcommand RETURN 254
3.13.1.3 The parameter ELEMGROUP 254
3.13.1.4 The subcommand REMOVE 255
3.13.1.5 The parameter EQUIDISTANT 255
3.13.1.6 The subcommand OUTPUT 256
3.13.1.7 The subcommand SLAVE 256
3.13.2 The command T3D_EXPAND_SELECTIONS 256
3.13.3 The Command &MACRO_JOINT 261
3.13.4 The Command &MACRO_ELEMENT 262
3.13.4.1 Macroelement common data 262
3.13.4.2 CCIsoMacroElement MACRO_ELEM_DATA_SPEC data 264
3.13.4.3 CCCopyElementSelection MACRO_ELEM_DATA_SPEC data 265
3.13.4.4 CCCopyNodeSelection MACRO_ELEM_DATA_SPEC data 267
3.13.4.5 CCOverlayElementSelection MACRO_ELEM_DATA_SPEC data 268
3.13.4.6 CCExtrudeElementSelection MACRO_ELEM_DATA_SPEC data 269
3.13.4.7 CCDiscreteReinforcementME MACRO_ELEM_DATA_SPEC data 270
3.13.4.8 CCDiscretePlaneReinforcementME MACRO_ELEM_DATA_SPEC data 272
ATENA Input File Format vii

3.14 Transport Analysis Related Commands 273

3.14.1 Transport constitutive material model 274
3.14.2 Transport finite elements 284
3.14.3 Transport initial values of state variables 286
3.14.4 Transport Set parameters 288
3.14.5 The &HISTORY EXPORT command 290
3.14.6 &Transport element load 290
3.14.6.1 The Sub-command &FIRE_BOUNDARY LOAD 290
3.14.6.2 The Sub-command &MOIST_TEMP_BOUNDARY_LOAD 292
3.14.7 &Transport analysis additional output data 295

4 SAMPLE INPUT FILE 297

4.1 Input file for a sample static analysis. 297

4.2 Input file for a sample transport analysis 300

5 ATENA INPUT FILE KEYWORDS 307

ATENA Input File Format 9

1 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE OF THE DOCUMENT

The program ATENA is a general-purpose finite element code with many special features for
non-linear analysis of plain and reinforced concrete structures.
This document serves as a manual describing the syntax and format of ATENA input
commands in its input file. This command file is often called also input file, and it is used to
define finite element model, to specify the loading history and to activate the finite element
non-linear analysis.

2 PROGRAM EXECUTION
There are several methods how to execute the finite element module ATENA. The heart of
the analysis module is contained in a dynamically linked library ATENADLL.DLL. This
module can be utilized either via its COM object interface CCCoAtena or from the command
console by executing either AtenaConsole.exe or AtenaWin.exe or ATENAStudio.exe
program. The CCCoAtena is used by AtenaGUI graphical pre and postprocessor and its use
is described in a separate part of ATENA documentation. Here, the starting the analysis using
AtenaConsole, AtenaWin, and ATENAStudio executables is described. The programs are
executed as follows:

AtenaConsole [/D path] [/P] [/M module_name]

[/O] [input_file] [output_file] [message_file] [error_file]
[/reset_desktop] [/translate_ids]
[/extend_int_output_width] [/extend_real_output_width]
[/catch_fp_instructs] [/demo_mode]
[/silent] [/num_threads=n] [/num_iters_per_thread=m]

AtenaWin [/D path] [/M module_name]

[/O] [input_file] [output_file] [message_file] [error_file]
[/translate_ids] [/extend_int_output_width] [/extend_real_output_width]
[/catch_fp_instructs] [/demo_mode]
[/silent] [/batch_execute] [/execute] [/rtf] [/inbuf_size=i] [/outbuf_size=j]
[/num_threads=n] [/num_iters_per_thread=m] [/num_unused_threads=m]

ATENAStudio [/D path] [/M module_name]

[/O] [/inp input_file]
[/extend_int_output_width] [/extend_real_output_width]
[/catch_fp_instructs] [/demo_mode]
[/execute] [/threads n]
10

[input_file | project_file]
AtenaConsole front-end is aimed for batch analyses. Hence, it works only with input and
output files, produces no graphics and does not need any user interaction. On the other hand
AtenaWin is a windows based application. On start it creates an editable window for each of
ATENA’s window. The user can use these windows to edit content of the files, inspect
ATENA’s output during the analysis etc. Of course, similar windows can be used for editing
any other text file. It also provides graphical windows post processing and windows for 2D
plots, which are useful for example for assessing load-displacement diagram of analyzed
structure. Note that all windows in AtenaWin are updated already during the analysis.

In the above the following notation was used:

/D path = specifies path to the working directory where input and output files will be stored.
/P = this option forces the program to request manual specification of input and output files.
/M module_name = name of main DLL library used for execution. By default, it is assumed
CCStructures. The CCStructuresCreep DLL is needed for creep analysis.
/O = specifies overwrite flag for output_file, message_file and error_file files. This means
that during execution, (or re-execution within AtenaWin) the files are created or overwritten.
By default the files are appended, i.e. output of the new analysis is added at the end of the
files.
input_file = name of a file with Atena input commands. If not specified, standard input from
keyboard is assumed.
output_file = name of a file for Atena output. If output_file doesn’t exist, it is created.
Otherwise it is appended. If output_file is not specified in the command line, then standard
output to the screen is assumed.
message_file = name of a file for Atena message output. The message file contains compact
information on Atena execution as for instance: a log of the execution start and end,
convergence performances, severe warning and error messages during execution etc. If
message_file doesn’t exits, it is created. Otherwise it is appended. If message_file is not
specified in the command line, then standard output to the screen is assumed.
error_file = name of a file for Atena error output. The error file contains full information on
Atena execution as for instance: a log of the execution start and end, convergence
performances, all warning and error messages during execution (incl. their place of
invocation) etc. If error_file doesn’t exits, it is created. Otherwise it is appended. If error_file
is not specified in the command line, then standard output to the screen is assumed.
[/translate_ids] = this option is only for internal use for debugging. Don’t use it.
[/extend_int_output_width] [/extend_real_output_width] = double number of digits used to
output integer or real numbers, respectively.
[/catch_fp_instructs] = flag to catch, (i.e. unmask) floating point exceptions during the
execution. Upon occurrence of such exception it will get caught, reported and the
execution will be terminated. By default, floating point exceptions are ignored.
[/demo-mode] = flag for trial execution. All features are available in trial mode, however,
there apply some restrictions towards size of the analyzed problem.
ATENA Input File Format 11

[/batch_execute] = option which forces AtenaWin automatically execute the given problem
without any user intervention. After the execution all output data are saved and
AtenaWin gets terminated. Use this option for batch execution.
[/execute] = option which forces AtenaWin automatically execute the given problem without
any user intervention. After the execution the AtenaWin session remains running,
thereby enabling a subsequent interactive postprocessing
[/silent] = flag that forces AtenaWin to output eventual error messages into message_file and
error_file. By default, they are output to a message box on the screen. Use this
option for batch execution.
[/num_threads=n] [/threads n] = use n threads during the execution. By default all available
processor's cores are used.
[/num_unused_threads=m]= same as the above but Atena will use number of processor's
available threads minus m. The parameter [/num_threads=n] has higher priority.
[/num_iters_per_thread=m] = chunk size for dynamic schedule, =0 for static load distribution;
default=0
[/inp] = precedes the Input File name. ATENA Studio derives the .out, .msg, and .err
filenames from the .inp filename by replacing the extension.
[input_file | project_file] = opens the Input file (.inp) or the Project file (.ccs).
If the Project file is given, it opens the existing project.
If the Input file is given there are two possibilities. If the directory, where Input file
is located, contains one or more project files, which link on this Input file, ATENA
Studio allows to choose, whether to open one of corresponding projects or create
new one. Otherwise it creates a new project.

Table 1: Environmental variables for AtenaConsole, AtenaWin 1, and ATENA Studio execution

Command
AtenaConsole 32-bit execution
%AtenaConsole% Basic AtenaConsole command, by default executes
statics module
%AtenaConsoleD% AtenaConsole execution for dynamics analysis
%AtenaConsoleC% AtenaConsole execution for creep analysis
%AtenaConsoleT% AtenaConsole execution for transport analysis
AtenaConsole 64-bit execution
%AtenaConsole64% Basic AtenaConsole 64-bit execution, by default
executes statics module
%AtenaConsoleD64% AtenaConsole 64-bit execution for dynamics analysis

1
AtenaWin program can be used for runtime visualization of the analysis progress and postprocessing. Starting
from ATENA version 5, AtenaWin program is replaced by ATENA Studio. Please, check the program
documentation of these programs for more details.
12

%AtenaConsoleC64% AtenaConsole 64-bit execution for creep analysis

%AtenaConsoleT64% AtenaConsole 64-bit execution for transport analysis
AtenaWin 32-bit execution
%AtenaWin% Basic AtenaWin command, by default executes statics
module
%AtenaWinD% AtenaWin execution for dynamics analysis
%AtenaWinC% AtenaWin execution for Creep analysis
%AtenaWinT% AtenaWin execution for Transport analysis
AtenaWin 64-bit execution
%AtenaWin64% Basic AtenaWin command for 64-bit execution, by
default executes statics analysis
%AtenaWinD64% AtenaWin 64-bit execution for dynamics analysis
%AtenaWinC64% AtenaWin 64-bit execution for creep analysis
%AtenaWinT64% AtenaWin 64-bit execution for transport analysis
ATENA Studio 32-bit execution
%AtenaStudio% Start 32-bit ATENA Studio, the analysis type can be
selected in a dialog
ATENA Studio 64-bit execution
%AtenaStudio64% Start 64-bit ATENA Studio, the analysis type can be
selected in a dialog
ATENA Input File Format 13

3 INPUT COMMANDS

3.1 Changes of Input Commands Syntax in the New Version

With few exceptions, the current version of ATENA uses the same syntax of input commands
the previous version did. The modified input command relates to
 &OUTPUT commands,
The keywords for locations changed as follows

The old keyword The new keyword

ATTRIBUTE OUTPUT_DATA
LOAD LOAD_CASES
ELEMENT ELEMENTS
ELEMENT IP ELEMENT_IPS
NODE NODES
ELEMENT NODE ELEMENT_NODES
LOAD LOAD_CASES
MATERIAL MATERIALS
GEOMETRY GEOMETRIES
ELEMENT TYPE ELEMENT_TYPES
There are available several new or renamed output data, see the Table 128.
 &CREEP_ANALYSIS_PARAMS commands
Creep and shrinkage analysis is a new analysis type not supported in the previous
versions. Therefore, all related commands are new. Please refer to the appropriate
section of this manual for more details. Note that some more creep commands are
available in &CREEP_MATERIAL, &RETARDATION_TIMES,
&HISTORY_IMPORT and analysis step definition &CREEP_STEP_DEFINITION
 &PREPROCESS commands.
The preprocess commands can be used to easy FE model mesh generation by use of
the T3D generator and for generation of embedded reinforcement bars.
 Boundary conditions, i.e. specification of concentrated loads and supports can now be
defined via &SELECTION and modified &LOAD_PLACE and &LOAD_VALUE
commands. List of loaded/supported nodes also can be automatically generated by
T3D generator using ELEMPROP “list_name” and NODEPROP “listname”
subcommands of T3D commands REGION, VERTEX, SURFACE etc.…
 &CCStructuresTransport commands, i.e. commands for analysis of moisture and
humidity transport within structures. Although most input commands for temperature
and humidity transport are the same as those for the other engineering modules, there
are some exceptions. This section is devoted to the commands that are available only
for the transport analysis.
14

 &CCStructuresDynamic module related commands, i.e. commands for dynamic

analysis of structures including eigenvalues and eigenvectors analysis. It inherits also
a few commands from creep and transport analysis.

3.2 General Rules

The following lines introduce general rules for composing Atena and Atena Pollute Transport
input commands and syntax that is used to describe them.
 Each command has form of a sentence (not terminated by dot). The command consists of
several tokens (or words) separated by one or more spaces or CR/LF characters.
 Tokens written in upper case letters with the 1st character being alphabetic denote
keywords, e.g. DELETE.
 Tokens starting with & character refer to a more complicated input structures described
elsewhere in the manual. They are not ATENA commands; rather they are to be replaced
with an input structure they refer to. This syntax is used to simplify description of
complicated commands. Cross-references to these input structures are indicated by &
character.
 Tokens written in lower case italic letters denote value parameters, i.e. nodal coordinate. If
name of such a token is enclosed in quotes, a string value (in quotes) is expected, i.e. “file
name“, otherwise numerical value is expected. Numerical tokens starting with n or i
indicate integer values, whilst parameters starting with x denote real value.
 Interpretation of Atena keywords is case insensitive.
 Optional parameter (either a keyword or value) is enclosed in square brackets [].
 If an input token has to be one of several keywords and/or values, then all its admissible
values are enlisted in curled brackets {} separated by vertical bar |, i.e. { NODE |
ELEMENT | LOAD } . Default choice is underlined, (if it exists).
 Right curled bracket with “plus” subscript indicates that Atena input processor accepts one
or more tokens from the above list of choice, { { NODE | ELEMENT | LOAD }+ .
 Right curled bracket with integer subscript n indicates that Atena input processor requires
just n times a token from the above list of choice, { x }3 means input of 3 real numbers .
 Features, which are currently not supported are denoted with .
 The commands between two EXECUTE keywords can appear in any order. In case of
multiple definition, the program accepts always the last definition before the EXECUTE
command.
 The comment syntax corresponds to the C++ style. There are two comment types:
 C-style comment, where the comment is started by “/*” (i.e. slash and star) characters
and ended by “*/” (i.e. star and slash).

 C++ style where it is assumed that everything following “//” (i.e. two slash) characters
up to the end of line is considered to be a comment.
ATENA Input File Format 15

3.3 Main Input Commands

&MAIN_COMMANDS:
{ &TASK | &JOINT | &MATERIAL | &GEOMETRY | &ELEMENT | &DELETE |
&MACRO_DELETE | &FUNCTION | &INPUT | &LOAD | &LOCAL |
&MESSAGE | &ERROR | &OUTPUT | &RESTORE | &SET | &STEP |
&STORE | &UNITS | &T3D_SPEC | &DLL_NAME | &EMPTY |
&RETARDATION_TIMES | &ALLOCATE_NODAL_DOFS |
&HISTORY_IMPORT | &PREPROCESS | &TERMINATE | &BREAK |
&NODAL_IMPERFECTIONS | &SELECTION | &MACRO_JOINT |
&MACRO_ELEMENT | module_name | &EIGENVECTORS |
&PUSHOVER_ANALYSIS | &STATIC_INITIAL_CONDITIONS | &JUMP |
&LABEL | &DEBUG | &EVALUATE | &MODULE | &THREADING }
The above &MAIN_COMMANDS input structure represent general ATENA input
command. Each &ENTRY represents a group of input command that is described later. Most
of the present commands are used to define some entity for description of your finite element
model. The exception to that is &STEP command that contains a keyword EXECUTE.
Processing of this keyword forces ATENA to carry on the analysis.
The ATENA input commands can appear in any order in the input file, only the &TASK
command has to be the 1st one, as it specifies dimension for many other entities, such as joint
coordinates. It is possible to reference an entity prior it was even defined. Although it is not
recommended, ATENA does accept that, but don’t forget to define them later! If you do,
ATENA will not issue any error or warning messages, as the program assumes default values
for most of the undefined entities. Such an error remains usually untapped until issuing the
STEP … EXECUTE command.
Note that it is possible at any time to modify the finite element model by adding, modifying or
removing various modeling entities. The STEP … EXECUTE command uses always current
settings of the finite element model.

Table 2: Main input commands

Keyword/Command Keyword/Command description

&TASK Define analysis identification.
&JOINT Input joint parameters, such as coordinates etc.
&MATERIAL Definition of material types.
&GEOMETRY Definition of used geometry.
&ELEMENT Element properties definition.
&DELETE Delete various entities.
&FUNCTION X-Y relationship definition.
&INPUT Input redirection.
&LOAD Loads and load cases definitions.
&LOCAL Set joints using local coordinate system.
&MESSAGE Message output redirection.
16

&OUTPUT Output input data and results.

&RESTORE Restore a previously saved analysis.
&SET Miscellaneous settings.
&STEP Step definitions and analyses.
&STORE Store current analysis.
&UNITS Sets program units.
&DLL_NAME Name of dynamic link library, by which processor the
following commands should be processed. Currently
DLL_NAME is { CCFEMODEL | CCSTRUCTURES |
CCSTRUCTURES_CREEP}.
&EMPTY Forces the current DLL command processor to return to its
“root” position, i.e. its main commands level.
&RETARDATION_TIMES Generate retardation times.
&HISTORY_IMPORT Import humidity and temperature history for creep analysis.
&TERMINATE Immediately terminates the input commands stream
&SELECTION Define list of entities, e.g. nodes, that are later used in another
command, e.g. definition of boundary conditions.
&STATIC_INITIAL_CON Set structural initial conditions at nodes, such as reference
DITIONS tepmeratures.
module_name Sets a top level for command parsing. module_name must be
name of ATENA’s FEM module.
Default: nil
E.g. CCStructures
; This is to indicate end of the current input command. Control
is returned to the top level ( specified by module_name) for
parsing a next command. Must be preceded by at least one
SPACE character.
&JUMP, &LABEL Jump to a particular label while parsing the input document,
i.e., skip the commands between &JUMP and LABEL
keywords.
&DEBUG Set on/off debug mode during Atena execution.
&EVALUATE Invoke Atena calculator.
&MODULE Load, unload, select... additional engineering modules
&THREADING Set parameters for multithreading execution.
ATENA Input File Format 17

3.4 Analysis Identification and Execution Settings

3.4.1 The Command &TASK

Syntax:
&TASK:
TASK [{ NAME “task name“ | TITLE “title“ | DIMENSION n | SPACE { 2D | 3D |
AXISYMMETRIC } }+ ]

Table 3: &TASK command parameters.

Parameter Description
NAME “task name“ Task name.
E.g.: NAME “task name“
TITLE “title“ Title of the analysis.
TITLE “title“
DIMENSION n Problem dimension. n equals 2 or 3 for two or three-
dimensional analysis. Note that setting of DIMENSION sets
also SPACE type. If DIMENSION is 2, then 2D SPACE type is
expected. Once DIMENSION type is set, it cannot be changed
elsewhere.
SPACE Set type of space approximation. It can be 2D, 3D or
AXISYMMETRIC, i.e. 2D in axis x and y symmetric with
respect to axis y. (Radius of rotation corresponds to axis x).
Note that setting of SPACE type sets also problem
DIMENSION. Once SPACE type is set, it cannot be changed
elsewhere.
Note: This command should be the first input, as it specifies dimension several entities read
later, i.e. nodal coordinates.

3.4.2 The Command &ALLOCATE_NODAL_DOFS

Syntax:
& ALLOCATE_NODAL_DOFS:
ALLOCATE_DOFS {[NODE] ID node_id | [NODES] [AT] SELECTION "selection_name"
DOFS_MASK mask
Explicit allocation of nodal dofs. Typically, the dofs are allocated automatically based on
element that incidence at the node. However, there are cases, when an explicit allocation is
needed and it can be done by this command

3.4.3 The Command &TERMINATE / &BREAK

Syntax:
& TERMINATE:
18

TERMINATE {[AT] [MODULE module_name] ID break_id [IGNORE_HITS n_hits]}

| {[" user’s string "]}

&BREAK:
BREAK {[AT] [MODULE module_name] ID break_id [IGNORE_HITS n_hits]} |
{[" user’s string "]}

Break Atena execution at a particular break point break_id at module module_name after
number_of_hits_to_ignore hits. The parameter module_name can be CCFEModel,
CCStructures, CCFEModelGenerate.... If no MODULE is specified, the execution terminates
at the given break point break_id at any module. If the parameter IGNORE_HITS
number_of_hits_to_ignore is not specified, the execution is terminated at the first approach of
the specified break point. Several break point ids are recognized, but break point ids 1 and 2
are probably the most important. The former one is placed at entry of a main execution
routine of each Atena's modul. Similarly, the latter one is located at the exit of that routine.
Alternatevily this command terminates the input commands stream, (i.e. no ID break_id was
input), thereby terminating the execution and optionally displays user’s string.
If the execution is run from a GUI window, (e.g. AtenaWin), a dialog is displaied before the
actual termination/break action that gives the user choice to either accept the break or ignore
it and continue the analysis. Batch analyses are broken unconditionally, see the /batch_exec
command line switch.
The commands BREAK and TERMINATE behave identically, the latter one supported only
for input compatibility reasons.

Examples:
BREAK "Joints' coordinates read"
BREAK ID 1
BREAK AT MODULE CCFEModel ID 2 IGNORE_HITS 3

3.4.4 The Command &JUMP / &LABEL

Syntax:
&JUMP:
JUMP [TO] [LABEL] “string with label name”

&LABEL:
LABEL “string with label name"
The first command instructs Atena to ignore all subsequent input data until the second
command is found. Thereafter, the input commands are processed in the usual way. Several
&JUMP/&LABEL commands can be used in the same file providing they have unique “string
with label name". Note that &LABEL commands are ignored, unless a &JUMP command is
being processed.
ATENA Input File Format 19

3.4.5 The Command &DEBUG

Syntax:
&DEBUG:
DEBUG {ON | OFF }
Set debug mode on/off. If it is on, the execution stops after processing of each main command
from input stream. The next command is executed by pressing "Execute after break" button
or alternatively press "Execute from the cursor position" button to execute a command at the
current cursor position.

3.4.6 The Command &MODULE

Syntax:
&MODULE:
MODULE  [ NAME "module_name" ] [ TYPE "type_name" { LOAD | UNLOAD | SELECT
| CHECK | RENAME "module_new_name" | REPLACE }+
The command MODULE is used to manipulate available FE engineering modules during
Atena execution. These are a default module, which is a module specified by the /M
command line parameter and any number of loaded modules using MODULE command ...
LOAD. For each loaded/default module you can specify its type "type_name", e.g.
CCStructuresCreep, and its name "module_name", which is used for referencing to it. If
"module_name" is not input, "type_name" i used instead. Each such module can be loaded,
unloaded, selected, renamed, replace the current module and checked.

Examples:

Transport analysis followed by static structure analysis:

MODULE TYPE "CCStructures" CHECK // check that the default module is of type CCStructure
MODULE NAME "Transport" TYPE "CCStructuresTransport" LOAD SELECT // load (new)
CCStructuresTransport module and select it to be the current module, (i.e. 2 modules are now loaded)
MODULE NAME "Transport" TYPE "CCStructuresTransport" CHECK // check that the current module is of
type CCStructure
... // input data for transport analysis
MODULE NAME "CCStructures" SELECT // select CCStructures as the current module
MODULE NAME "Transport" UNLOAD // unload CCStructuresTransport and free all related memory
MODULE TYPE "CCStructures" CHECK
... // input data for static structures analysis
Replace a default module by CCStructuresTransport:
MODULE TYPE "CCStructuresTransport" REPLACE
// MODULE TYPE "CCStructuresTransport" CHECK
20

3.4.7 The Command &THREADING

Syntax:
&THREADING:
 NUM_THREADS num_threads NUM_UNUSED_THREADS num_unused_threads
NUM_ITERS_PER_THREAD number_iters_per_thread

Set parameters for multihreading. num_threads sets number of threads to be used for Atena
execution. By default all available processor's cores are used. num_unused_threads is the
same same as the above but Atena will use number of processor's available threads minus
num_unused_threads. The parameter [/num_threads=n] has higher priority.
number_iters_per_thread sets chunk size for dynamic schedule. By default 0 value is
assumed, i.e. static load distribution.

3.4.8 The Command &EVALUATE

Syntax:
&EVALUATE:
{EVALUATE|EVAL} =expression_token_string
or
{EVALUATE|EVAL} "expression_token_string"
This command evaluates an expression from the expression_token_string and prints the
result into Atena output file. In addition, it can store the result in a parameter for later use
within another Atena command(s). The token must start with '=' and must not include a
separator, such as a space character.
Alternatively, skip the '=' character and enclose the the expression_token_string. In this case
the string can contain space chars, (which are removed prior execution of the string).
Note that in Atena input most integer and float numbers can be replaced by an
expression_token_ring. This allows for parametric analyses, analyses with perturbated
geometry etc.
The EVALUATE command supports the following features:
  

Operators:
& | << >>
= <> < > <= >=
+-
* / % ||
^
!
ATENA Input File Format 21

Functions:
Abs, Exp, Sign, Sqrt, Log, Log10
Sin, Cos, Tan, ASin, ACos, ATan
Factorial. Erf, ErfInv, Atan2, Pow,
SOLVE_QUADRATIC_EQN, SOLVE_CUBIC_EQN,
Rand, SRand

Variables:
Pi, e
You can also define your own variable/parameter. e.g.
EVALUATE =cc=10" ->10
EVALUATE =cc+5 -> 15

Other:
Scientific notation supported, e.g. -1.24e-1
Error handling supported

Examples of parameters' definition:

EVALUATE =Poisson=0.3
EVALUATE =Dens=0.023
EVALUATE =FCompr=42.5
EVALUATE "FTens=0.3*pow(FCompr,0.6666)"
EVALUATE "Fract=0.000001*73.*pow(FCompr,0.18)"
EVALUATE =Young=21500.*0.9*pow(FCompr/10.,0.3333)

Examples of their use within other input commands:

MATERIAL ID 1 NAME "Concrete" TYPE "CC3DNonLinCementitious2"

E =Young MU =Poisson RHO =Dens ALPHA 0.000012 FT "FTens" FC "-FCompr GF"
=Fract
WD -0.0005 EXC 0.52 BETA 0.0 FC0 -28.0 EPS_CP -0.00115 FIXED 0.7

VETRTEX 1 xyz =x_right+RAND(-dx,dx) =y_back+RAND(-dy,dy)

=z_top+RAND(-dz,dz) nodeprop 'vertex1'
22

3.4.9 The Command &BREAK_DEBUG

Syntax:
&BREAK_DEBUG:
BREAK_DEBUG break_id
Break execution at specific points. This command is typically used to debug an input data file.
The following data points are recognized:

Table 4: Table with the recognized execution breakpoints

Desired action Value of break_id

Do not break. 0
Break on entry to the main model execution routine. 1
Break on exit to the main model execution routine. 2
Break on entry to the generator model execution routine. 4
Break exit entry to the generator model execution routine. 8
Break on entry to the global dofs mapping execution routine. 16
Break on entry to the global dofs mapping execution routine. 32
Break at any of the above points. -1
More break points can be set. To do that set break_id as sum of the required individual break
points.

3.4.10 The Command &SELECTION

Syntax:
&SELECTION :
SELECTION “destination_name” { SOFT | FORCE } { CLEAR |
REMOVE_DUPLICATES | {COMBINE | SEPARATE} “list1” “list2” [“list3”] | RENAME
“source_name” | {FROM | AT} from_id [TO to_id [BY by_id]] | LIST { id }+ | {INSERT |
INCLUDE} “selection_name” | EXCLUDE “selection_name” | CONNECT
“selection_name” | REMOVE | { ACTIVE | INACTIVE } GROUP group_id |
[ENFORCED] DELETE {GROUP group_id | JOINT} | GENERATE { [NODES] |
[ELEMENT] [OF] {GROUP|GROUP_FROM} group_id} [GROUP_TO group_to]
[WITHIN] { BOX [MACRO] [NODES] i1 i2 i3 i4 [i5 i6 i7 i8] | DISTANCE x FROM {
POINT [MACRO] [NODES] i1 | LINE [MACRO] [NODES] i1 i2 | PLANE [MACRO]
[NODES] i1 i2 i3 } | NEAREST [MACRO] [NODES] i1 | [{{IP |
IPS}|{ENODE|ENODES}|{GNODE|GNODES}}] | {SOURCE_NODE_SELECTION
sel_nodes | SOURCE_GROUP_SELECTION sel_groups SOURCE_GROUP} | [EXECUTE]
| SORT
[ { +X | -X} ] [ { +Y | -Y} ] [ { +Z | -Z} ] }+
ATENA Input File Format 23

Table 5: &SELECTION command parameters

Parameter Description
„destination_name“ Name of the created or modified selection list.
CLEAR Clear current content of the list but doesn’t remove the
selection itself
REMOVE_DUPLICATES Remove duplicate entries in the selection
{ SOFT | FORCE } If SOFT is defined, then ATENA tolerates non-
existent source selection(s). Otherwise a input error
exception is generated.
{COMBINE | SEPARATE} “list1” Combines two or three selection lists into one list or
“list2” [“list3”] split one list into two or three selection lists. Used to
convert multi_selection lists into ordinary selection list
and vice versa.
RENAME “source_name” Rename selection “source_name” to
„destination_name“
{ FROM | AT} from_id Set interval for entity ids to be generated.
[TO to_id [BY by_id]] } They are generated for recursive formula
id1  from _ id
id n  id n 1  by _ id up to id n  to _ id
By default
to _ id  from _ id , by _ id  1
Example:
LIST AT 1 AT 10 FROM 100 TO 150 BY 10
LIST id Entity to be added into the selection , e.g.
LIST 23 26 100
INSERT „selection_name“ Insert entities from the selection_name selection into
INCLUDE „selection_name“ the selection destination_name. Source entities, which
are already present in the selection destination_name,
are not inserted, thus avoiding entities‘ duplication.
EXCLUDE „selection_name“ Remove entities defined in the selection_name
selection from the selection destination_name. Source
entities, which are already not present in the selection
destination_name, are skipped.
CONNECT “selection_name” Connect the source selection "selection_name" with
destination selection "destination_name". This is done
in the following way: Loop from the first to the last
entry of the source selection. For each such entry loop
from the last to the first entry of the destination
selection. If the current source and destination entries
24

match, it is the place, where "destination_name" and

"selection_name" should be connected. To do that,
keep the current entry in the destination selection and
remove all sbsequent entries. Append the source
selection starting from the 1st entry behind the
matching entry up to the end to the destination
selection. If no match is found, the selection are
appended with all the entries they originally include.
Eg.
Destination selection: {2,7,8,3,1,4}, source selection
{9,3,5} -> yields destination selection : {2,7,8,3,5}
The source selection remains unchanged.
SORT
This command has sense only for selection containing
[ { +X | -X} ] [ { +Y | -Y} ] [ { FE nodes!! Sort entries in the selection according to
+Z | -Z} their reference coordinates. Note that sorting is
executed immediatelly and thus it makes sense only for
selection with all their entries (either previously
inputed or with executed thier generation).
For example:
SORT +X - sort nodes referenced in the selection
according with respect to their x coordinate, (from
minimum t maximum),
SORT -X - the same but in reverse order
SORT +X +Y -Z - sort nodes Ni with reference
coordinates (xi,yi,zi) with respect to the value xi+yi-zi .
By default no sorting is applied.
REMOVE Remove the modified selection list.
GENERATE { [NODES] | Data for the selection list generation. The list will
[ELEMENT] [OF] include either all nodes or all elements of the group
[{GROUP|GROUP_FROM} <group_id.... group_id_to> from within a box defined
group_id} [GROUP_TO by the macro nodes i1 thru i8 (for 3D case) or a
group_id_to] ] } [WITHIN] BOX quadrilateral defined by i1 thru i4 (2D case and 3D case
[MACRO] [NODES] i1 i2 i3 i4 [i5 within plane defined by i1 i2 i3 i4). If group_id is
i6 i7 i8] [EXECUTE] specified, elements are generated, otherwise nodes are
generated. The EXECUTE keyword forces to carry out
the generation immediately. Otherwise it is done prior a
first step execution.
SOURCE_NODE_SELECTION Only nodes from selection sel_nodes become
sel_nodes candidates for the generation. If not specified, all nodes
from the model are considered.
SOURCE_GROUP_SELECTION Only elements from selections sel_groups;
sel_groups sel_elements become candidates for the generation. If
SOURCE_GROUP_SELECTION not specified, all elements from the model are
sel_elements considered.
ATENA Input File Format 25

GENERATE { [NODES] | Data for the selection list generation. The list will
[ELEMENT] [OF] [ {GROUP | include either all nodes or all elements of the group
GROUP_FROM} group_id} <group_id.... group_id_to> from within distance x
[GROUP_TO group_id_to] ] } with respect to the point defined by the macro nodes i1.
[WITHIN] DISTANCE x FROM If <group_id_....group_id_to> is specified, elements
POINT [MACRO] [NODES] i1 are generated, otherwise nodes are generated. The
[EXECUTE] EXECUTE keyword forces to carry out the generation
immediately. Otherwise it is done prior a first step
execution.
GENERATE { [NODES] | Data for the selection list generation. The list will
[ELEMENT] [OF] [ include either all nodes or all elements of the group
{GROUP|GROUP_FROM} <group_id.... group_id_to> from within distance x
group_id} [GROUP_TO with respect to the line defined by the macro nodes i1
group_id_to]] } [WITHIN] and i2. If group_id is specified, elements are
DISTANCE x FROM LINE generated, otherwise nodes are generated. The
[MACRO] [NODES] i1 i2 EXECUTE keyword forces to carry out the generation
[EXECUTE] [INSIDE] immediately. Otherwise it is done prior a first step
execution. If the keyword INSIDE is used, the
generation is reestricted only to entities with a node
located between the macro node i1 i2.
GENERATE { [NODES] | Data for the selection list generation. The list will
[ELEMENT] [OF] [ include either all nodes or all elements of the group
{GROUP|GROUP_FROM} <group_id.... group_id_to> from within distance x
group_id} [GROUP_TO with respect to the plane defined by the macro nodes I,
group_id_to] ] } [WITHIN] i2 and i3. If group_id is specified, elements are
DISTANCE x FROM PLANE generated, otherwise nodes are generated. The
[MACRO] [NODES] i1 i2 i3 EXECUTE keyword forces to carry out the generation
[EXECUTE] [INSIDE] immediately. Otherwise it is done prior a first step
execution. If the keyword INSIDE is used, the
generation is reestricted only to entities with a node
located between the macro node i1 i2, i3.
GENERATE { [NODES] | Data for the selection list generation. The list will
[ELEMENT] [OF] include the nearest node or element of the group
[{GROUP|GROUP_FROM} <group_id.... group_id_to> with respect to the i1. If
group_id} [GROUP_TO group_id is specified, an element is included,
group_id_to]] } NEAREST otherwise a node is added. The EXECUTE keyword
[MACRO] [NODES] i1 forces to carry out the generation immediately.
[EXECUTE] Otherwise it is done prior a first step execution.
[{{IP | Generated a multiselection that includes integrated
IPS}|{ENODE|ENODES}|{GNOD points (or element nodes ) instead of global nodes. Use
E|GNODES}}] {GNODE|GNODES} to generate selection with global
nodes, where each entry must be incidented by a
element with group_id>=grouip_id_from and
group_id<=group_id_to.
{ ACTIVE | INACTIVE } GROUP Make active or inactive all elements contained in the
group_id selection list that belongs to the group group_id
26

[ENFORCED] DELETE Delete elements contained in the selection list that

{GROUP group_id | JOINT} belongs to the group group_id or delete nodes
contained in the selection list.
If ENFORCED is not specified, all references to a
deleted entity remain valid even after the deletion,
thereby it is possible later to re-input the entity with
new data. Otherwise, the entity and all references to it
get unconditionally removed.

Example:

SELECTION "all_nodes" FROM 1 TO 22

SELECTION "source" LIST 1 2 3 4 5 6
SELECTION "dest" LIST 3 5 12
SELECTION "source" INSERT "dest"
SELECTION "source" REMOVE "dest"
SELECTION “source” REMOVE
SELECTION "source" GENERATE ELEMENTS GROUP 1 WITHIN BOX 101 102
103 104 106 107 108 // 3D case
SELECTION "source" GENERATE NODES WITHIN BOX MACRO NODES 101
102 103 104 // 2D case
SELECTION "source" GENERATE NODES WITHIN DISTANCE 2.4 FROM POINT
MACRO NODES 101
SELECTION "source" GENERATE NODES WITHIN DISTANCE 2.4 FROM LINE
MACRO NODES 101 102
SELECTION "source" GENERATE NODES WITHIN DISTANCE 2.4 FROM PLANE
MACRO NODES 101 102 103 GENERATE
SELECTION "source" GENERATE NODE NEAREST MACRO NODE 101
GENERATE
SELECTION "nodes" GENERATE SORT -Y +X
SELECTION "border_nodes" CONNECT "next_border_nodes"

Generate selection and monitor at IP:

SELECTION "IP_NEAREST_985001" GENERATE IPS NEAREST MACRO NODES
985001 group_from 105 group_id_to 302 EXECUTE
OUTPUT LOCATION OUTPUT_DATA DATA LIST
"SELECTION_IDS_IP_NEAREST_985001" END ;
OUTPUT NAME "Monitor1_DISPLACEMENTS #100000" MONITOR_2
LOCATION ELEMENT_IPS MULTI_SELECTION AT
"IP_NEAREST_985001" DATA LIST
"DISPLACEMENTS_AT_IPS" ITEM AT 1 End ;

Generate selection and monitor at NODE:

SELECTION "NODE_NEAREST_985001" GENERATE NODE NEAREST MACRO
NODES 985001 EXECUTE
OUTPUT LOCATION OUTPUT_DATA DATA LIST
"SELECTION_IDS_NODE_NEAREST_985001" END ;
ATENA Input File Format 27

OUTPUT NAME "Monitor1_DISPLACEMENTS #100000" MONITOR_2

LOCATION NODES NODE AT SELECTION "NODE_NEAREST_985001"
DATA LIST "DISPLACEMENTS" ITEM AT 1 End ;

SELECTION "ENODE_NEAREST_214" GENERATE ENODE NEAREST MACRO

NODES 214 group_from 108 group_to 302 EXECUTE
OUTPUT LOCATION OUTPUT_DATA DATA LIST
"SELECTION_IDS_ENODE_NEAREST_214" END ;

SELECTION "GNODE_NEAREST_214" GENERATE GNODE NEAREST MACRO

NODES 214 group_from 108 group_to 302 EXECUTE
OUTPUT LOCATION OUTPUT_DATA DATA LIST
"SELECTION_IDS_GNODE_NEAREST_214" END ;
28

3.4.11 The Command &SELECTION_REAL

Syntax:
&SELECTION_REAL :
SELECTION_REAL “destination_name” { {SOFT | FORCE } { CLEAR | RENAME
“source_name” ] | {FROM | AT} from_id [TO to_id [BY by_id]] | LIST { id }+ | { INSERT |
INCLUDE} “selection_name” | EXCLUDE “selection_name” | REMOVE }+

Table 6: &SELECTION_REAL command parameters

Parameter Description
„destination_name“ Name of the created or modified selection list.
CLEAR Clear current content of the list but doesn’t remove the
selection itself
{ SOFT | FORCE } If SOFT is defined, then ATENA tolerates non-
existent source selection(s). Otherwise a input error
exception is generated.
RENAME “source_name” Rename selection “source_name” to
„destination_name“
{ FROM | AT} from_id Set interval for entity ids to be generated.
[TO to_id [BY by_id]] } They are generated for recursive formula
id1  from _ id
id n  id n 1  by _ id up to id n  to _ id
By default
to _ id  from _ id , by _ id  1
Example:
LIST AT 1 AT 10 FROM 100 TO 150 BY 10
LIST id Entity to be added into the selection , e.g.
LIST 23 26 100
INSERT „selection_name“ Insert entities from the selection_name selection into
INCLUDE „selection_name“ the selection destination_name. Source entities, which
are already present in the selection destination_name,
are not inserted, thus avoiding entities‘ duplication.
EXCLUDE „selection_name“ Remove entities defined in the selection_name
selection from the selection destination_name. Source
entities, which are already not present in the selection
destination_name, are skipped.
REMOVE Remove the modified selection list.
ATENA Input File Format 29

3.4.12 The Command &SET

Syntax:
&SET:
SET { &ANALYSIS_TYPE | &LINEAR_SOLVER_TYPE |
&REFERENCE_CONFIGURATION | &CONVERGENCE_CRITERIA |
&SOLUTION_METHOD | &PREDICTOR_TYPE | &UPDATE_DISPLS_STRATEGY |
&ARC_LENGTH_PARAMS | &LINE_SEARCH_PARAMS | &OPTIMIZE_PARAMS |
&SERIALIZE_PARAMS | SOLVER_KEYS n | &FATIGUE_PARAMS |
&CREEP_ANALYSIS_PARAMS | &DYNAMIC_ANALYSIS_PARAMS | {
SOLVE_LHS_BCS_ON [OPTIMIZE] {VARIABLE_SLAVE_DOFS | SLAVE_DOFS |
DOFS } [AND] { VARIABLE_EQUATIONS | EQUATIONS}
| SOLVE_LHS_BCS_OFF}| { OPTIMIZE_SM_MAPPING_SIZE |
OPTIMIZE_SM_MAPPING_SPEED | SPARSE_MAP_INDEXING n } |
&MAX_REF_IDS | { EXTERNAL_IDENTIFIERS | INTERNAL_IDENTIFIERS } 2 |{
DISABLE_REPORT_TASK | ENABLE_REPORT_TASK | REPORT_LOCATION_STEP
n} | { DISABLE_REPORT_LOCATION | ENABLE_REPORT_LOCATION } | {
USE_BEST_ITERATION_FOR_CRITERION |
USE_BEST_ITERATION_FOR_CRITERIA } n1 n2 ... | {
UNUSE_BEST_ITERATION_FOR_CRITERION |
UNUSE_BEST_ITERATION_FOR_CRITERIA } n1 n2 ... | BEST_ITERATION_MIN_ID n
| STEP_LOAD_REDUCTION_ALLOWANCE n | REDUCE_STEP_LOAD_COEFF v |
MIN_LHS_BCS_MASTER_NODE_COEFF n | MIN_LHS_BCS_SLAVE_NODE_COEFF
n | MIN_LHS_BCS_SOLUTION_COEFF n}+

Table 7: &SET command parameters

Parameter Description
&ANALYSIS_TYPE Set what type of analysis is executed, i.e. static,
transient etc.
&LINEAR_SOLVER_TYPE Use direct or iterative solver (and set some vital
parameters for the iterative solver).
&CONVERGENCE_CRITERIA Convergence criteria during iteration process
within each load step.
&SOLUTION_METHOD Choose solution method for the analysis.
&ARC_LENGTH_PARAMS Set parameters for Arc Length method.
&LINE_SEARCH_PARAMS Set parameters for Line Search method.
&PREDICTOR_TYPE Set which type of predictor should be used for
building stiffness matrix, (i.e. elastic, tangential
or secant).
&UPDATE_DISPLS_STRATEGY Strategy for updating displacements during
iterations, either each iteration or each load step.

2
Not available in ATENA version 4.3.1 and older.
30

&OPTIMIZE_PARAMS Sets whether bandwidth optimization is required

and which type.
&SERIALIZE_PARAMS Set depth of serialization. Change of this
parameter is needed only under very special
conditions and the user would normally use its
default setting.
SOLVE_LHS_BCS_ON [OPTIMIZE] Turns on and off an advance LHS BCs
{VARIABLE_SLAVE_DOFS |
management. For better stability it is possible to
SLAVE_DOFS | DOFS } [AND] {
to reorded slave and master dofs and reorder
VARIABLE_EQUATIONS |
specified LHS boundary conditions, see
EQUATIONS
keywords VARIABLE_SLAVE_DOFS |
| SOLVE_LHS_BCS_OFF } SLAVE_DOFS | (all) DOFS for dofs and
VARIABLE_EQUATIONS | (all) EQUATIONS
for BCs.
By default, it is ON and the above reordenig is
allowed thru all dofs and BCs.
Do not change this parameter to
SOLVE_LHS_BCS_OFF unless unavoidable and
all consequences being well understood.
OPTIMIZE_SM_MAPPING_SIZE | Set how sparse matrix elementys are mapped.
OPTIMIZE_SM_MAPPING_SPEED | Optimize for size, speed or set manually, i.e. n =
SPARSE_MAP_INDEXING n } 1,2,4,8,16. By default, optimize for size is ussed,
i.e. RAM amount is minimized..
SET SOLVER_KEYS n This command specifies directly in binary form
flags for the non-linear solver. It is not aimed for
direct use by users. Every setting can be achieved
in a more readable form using other parameters of
the &SET command.
&FATIGUE_PARAMS Parameters for fatigue analysis
&CREEP_ANALYSIS_PARAMS Parameters for creep analysis.
&DYNAMIC_ANALYSIS_PARAMS Parameters for dynamic analysis
&MAX_REF_IDS Set maximum reference ids that are used by the
automatic ATENA reference ids generator
DISABLE_REPORT_TASK | Disable or enable visualisation of task and
ENABLE_REPORT_TASK location within the current execution. It is also
possible to report location each n % of the total
DISABLE_REPORT_LOCATION |
job. For example REPORT_LOCATION_STEP
ENABLE_REPORT_LOCATION |
10 ensures that for a system of say 200000
REPORT_LOCATION_STEP n
equations location is reported for each 20000th
equation, e.g. 1, 20001, 40001...
By default these information are enabled and
location progress is reported always, so that the
user has gets the best info about the analysis. This
ATENA Input File Format 31

settings, however, involves some CPU overhead.

To maximize the execution speed, disable these
reports.
{ EXTERNAL_IDENTIFIERS | Set the way how, Atena entities are are identified.
INTERNAL_IDENTIFIERS } If external identifiers are required, Atena uses ids
specified in the iput file. If intenal identifiers are
required, Atena uses internal ids starting from 1
to number of a particular entities.
Under normal conditions internal ids should not
be used.
USE_BEST_ITERATION_FOR_CRITE For n>0 and the iterating process within the
RION | current step does not yield a converged solution,
USE_BEST_ITERATION_FOR_CRITE then the solution is reverted to the best converged
RIA } n1 n2 ... iteration based on the convergence criteria n1, n2,
...
For n=0 the use of best iteration is reset to not
using best_iteration feature.
If divergence step's (or iteration's) stop criteria
are met, the current step is marked as non-
converged. When this option is combined with
STEP_LOAD_REDUCTION_ALLOWANCE n,
then the iteration is reverted only when (n-
number of attempts to revert the current step)=0.
By default n=0, i.e. this feature is N/A and v=1. ,
i.e. the step is marked as not converged step.
UNUSE_BEST_ITERATION_FOR_CRI Same as the above but it removes the specified
TERION | convregence criteria for best_iteration engine. If
UNUSE_BEST_ITERATION_FOR_CRI all criteria are removed, no best_iteration strategy
TERIA } n1 n2 ... is used .

BEST_ITERATION_MIN_ID n Minimum iteration id, for which the iteration is

always stored, i.e. regardless its convergence
performance. Any subsequent iteration is stored
only, if its convergence is better than
convergence of any previous iteration.
STEP_LOAD_REDUCTION_ALLOWA If n>0 and the iterating process within the current
NCE n step does not yield a converged solution, then the
REDUCE_STEP_LOAD_COEFF v current step is re-executed for a reduced load
increment. This step's re-execution is allowed n
times and the load increment in the current re-
exection is reduced by factor vi, where i=1..n, i.e.
number of the step re-execution. By default v=0.5
and n =0.
REFERENCE_CONFIGURATION Set the current configuration, (i.e. structural
32

shape) as the reference configuration. Subsequent

displacements etc. will be computed with respect
to it.

&ANALYSIS_TYPE:
{ STATIC | &TRANSIENT | &EIGENVALUES }

Table 8: &ANALYSIS_TYPE sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
STATIC Specify static analysis. There are no additional parameters
&TRANSIENT Set transient analysis and set some parameters for it.
&EIGENVALUES Set some parametyers for eigenvalues analysis.

&TRANSIENT:
TRANSIENT { [TIME] CURRENT x | [TIME] INCREMENT x |
TIME_INTEGRATION { {CRANK_NICHOLSON | THETA x }+ |
ADAMS_BASHFORTH } | NEWMARK BETA x | NEWMARK GAMMA x |
HUGHES ALPHA x | WILSON THETA x | DAMPING { STIFFNESS
[COEFFICIENT] x | MASS [COEFFICIENT] x | &REGRESSION_DATA }+

&REGRESSION_DATA:
REGRESSION { MODE mode_id | OMEGA omega_val | KSI ksi_val | WEIGHT
weight_val }+ CALCULATE

Table 9: &TRANSIENT sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
[TIME] CURRENT x Sets current time.
[TIME] INCREMENT x Sets time increment in steps.
TIME_INTEGRATION Set type of temporal integration scheme. If this parameter is not
input, then Newmark integration will be used.
CRANK_NICHOLSON Use linear trapezoidal integration.
THETA x  parameter for trapezoidal integration. By default  = 0.5.
Several other linear temporal integration may be utilized
depending on the , e.g. implicit Newton integration for  = 1.,
explicit integration for  = 0 etc. For good compromise between
convergence and possibility of oscillations values about  =
0.85 is recommended.
ADAMS_BASHFORTH Adams – Bashforth quadratic temporal integration.
NEWMARK BETA x Defines the Newmark’s  parameter.
ATENA Input File Format 33

NEWMARK GAMA x Defines the Newmark’s  parameter.

HUGHES_ALPHA x Defines the Hughes  damping parameter
WILSON THETA x Defines the Wilson  damping parameter.
DAMPING STIFFNESS Defines stiffness matrix coefficient for proportional damping.
[COEFFICIENT] x
E.g.: DAMPING STIFFNESS COEFFICIENT 0.8
DAMPING MASS Defines mass matrix coefficient for proportional damping.
[COEFFICIENT] x E.g.: DAMPING MASS COEFFICIENT 0.8
DAMPING Generate proportional damping coefficient based on input of
REGRESSION MODE modal damping parameters ksi_val. mode_id is id of an
mode_id | OMEGA eigenmode, for which damping parameter ksi_val and associated
omega_val | KSI ksi_val | weight factor weight_val is input. Values for at least 2
WEIGHT weight_val eigenmodes must be given. By default, weight_val=1. The
keyword CALCUATE marks the end of the input and execute
the regression procedure to transform the current input data for
structural damping to the above DAMPING MASS and
STIFFNESS coefficients.
Example:
SET TRANSIENT DAMPING REGRESSION
MODE 1 OMEGA 2 KSI 0.002 WEIGHT 0.6
MODE 2 OMEGA 3 KSI 0.03 WEIGHT 0.8
MODE 3 OMEGA 7 KSI 0.04 WEIGHT 1.1
MODE 4 OMEGA 15 KSI 0.1 WEIGHT 0.9
MODE 5 OMEGA 19 KSI 0.14 WEIGHT 0.8
CALCULATE

&LINEAR_SOLVER_TYPE:
{ SOLVER { LU | DSS_LLT | DSS_LDLT | JAC | GS | ILUR | DCG | ICCG | DCGN | LUCN
| DBCG | LUBC | DCGS | LUCS | DOMN | LUOM | DGMR | LUGM | PARDISO
} | SLAP_ITERATION [LIMIT] n | SLAP_SAVED_VECTOR [LIMIT] n |
SOLVER_BLOCK_SIZE n | EXTEND_ACCURACY_FACTOR x |
PARDISO_REQUIRED_ACCURACY y | MIN_LHS_BCS_MASTER_NODE_COEFF n
}+

Table 10: & LINEAR_SOLVER_TYPE sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
{ SOLVER { LU | Type of solver for computing linear problem Ax=y. It can be
DSS_LLT | DSS_LDLT | either a direct skyline storage solver, (i.e. LU), or direct sparse
JAC | GS | ILUR | DCG | storage solver, (i.e. DSS_LLT, DSS_LDLT), or iterative sparse
ICCG | DCGN | LUCN | storage solver (i.e. the remaining types). Alternatively, it can be
DBCG | LUBC | DCGS | parallel direct sparse solver PARDISO from the MKL provided
LUCS | DOMN | LUOM | by Intel Visual Fortran. The skyline and sparse (SLAP) storage
DGMR | LUGM } schemes are described in the Theoretical Manual for Atena
software. The direct sparse solvers DSS_LLT and DSS_LDLT
34

differ in type of factorization, they use. It is LLT and LDLT,

respectively. In case of unsymmetric structural matrix both
solvers use LU factorisation. The table below lists all the
available solvers with their brief characteristic and
recommendation for use.
Default: LU
SOLVER_BLOCK_SIZE This value set granularity size for the solvers DSS_LLT and
n DSS_LDLT. It defines a block size during pre-factorisation
process. The higher value, the lower number of structural blocks
and smaller RAM overhead for mapping the structural matrix. On
the other hand, a higher value results in higher waste of RAM to
store the actual data of the matrix. It is recommended to set this
value to something in range <2…6>.
Default: 2
SLAP_ITERATION Maximum number of iterations allowed within an iterative linear
[LIMIT] n problem solver.
Default: number of structural degree of freedom.
SLAP_SAVED_VECTO Number of direction vectors to save and orthogonalize against.
R [LIMIT] nsave This parameter is only used by the following iterative solvers:
DOMN, LUOM (nsave >=0) and DGMR, LUGM (nsave >0). In
all cases nsave <=ndofs, where ndofs is number of degree of
freedom. Typically, the higher nsave , the better convergence but
also the bigger memory required by the solver.
Default value is ndofs /6 for DOMN, LUOM and ndofs /3 for
DGMR, LUGM solver.
EXTEND_ACCURACY Factor, by which an iterative sparse matrix solver should increase
_FACTOR x its requirement upon accuracy. If x>0, the solver will employ
residual forces convergence criterion with requested max. error
“RELATIVE RESIDUAL ERROR” / x . If x <0, residual
displacements convergence criterion will be used with max. error
“RELATIVE DISPLACEMENTS ERROR” / x. Recommended
values <1..10>.
Default: 2
PARDISO_REQUIRED_ Accuracy required by PARDISO solver.
ACCURACY [LIMIT] y For y=0, do not perform preconditioned Krylow-Subspace
iterations and use LU factorisation instead.
Otherwise the value of y controls accuracy of the built-in
iterative solver further strenghten by the above
EXTEND_ACCURACY_FACTOR factor x. The final required
accuracy (expressed in number of non-negligible digits behing
the decimal point) is l=log10(y/x).
If the problem matrix is unsymmetric, (e.q. transport analysis),
CGS iteration replaces the computation of LU. The
preconditioner is LU that is computed at the previous step (the
ATENA Input File Format 35

first step or last step with a failure) in a sequence of solutions

needed for identical sparsity patterns. l controls the stopping
criterion of the Krylow-Subspace iteration.  CGS  10( l ) is used in
dxi
the stopping criterion   CGS , with dxi  inv( LU ) ri and
dx0
ri is the residuum at iteration i of the preconditioned Krylow-
Subspace iteration.
If the problem matrix is symmetric (positive definite), (e.g. for
static analysis), the same applies, but CG iteration replaces the
computation of LU.
Example: SET PARDISO_REQUIRED_ACCURACY limit
0.00000001
Default: 0
MIN_LHS_BCS_MAST Set accuracy, (in its abs value) used to assemble and process lhs
ER_NODE_COEFF  n | boundary conditions, particularly master nodes, slave nodes and
MIN_LHS_BCS_SLAV solution coefficients. The latter value is the value used during lhs
E_NODE_COEFF n bcs solution, whilst the former two values are used to
|MIN_LHS_BCS_SOLU assemble/reassemble the boundary conditions. If the specified
TION_COEFF n value is too high, although the solution is faster and needs less
RAM, it can filter out some important relations within the
boundary conditions. On the other hand, if the value is too small,
the solution is slower and needs more RAM. In addition, it need
not detect and eliminate all redundancies within the boundary
conditions and can fail. Note that the effect of this solution
parameter can be inspected in "Global matrix LHS BCs statistics"
printed in ATENA output file.
Example: SET MIN_LHS_BCS_MASTER_NODE_COEFF 1.e-
5
Default: 1.e-6

Table 11: SOLVER TYPES

Type D/I Prep. Exec. Sym/ Temporary memory Description

phase phase Non- required
sym
LU D --- --- S,NS ----- For smaller or ill-
posed problems
JAC I ssds sir S,NS 4*(11)+8*(1+4*n) Simple, not
recommended
GS I --- sir S,NS 4*(11+nel+n+1)+8*(1+
3*n+nel)
ILUR I ssilus sir S,NS 4*(13+4*n+nu+nl)+8*(
1+4*n+nu+nl)
36

DCG I ssds scg S 4*(11)+8*(1+5*n) For large symmetric

well-posed problems
ICCG I ssics scg S 4*(12+nel+n)+8*(1+5* For large symmetric
n+nel) problems,
recommended
DCGN I ssd2s scgn S,NS 4*(11)+8*(1+8*n) For large non-
symmetric well-
posed problems
LUCN I ssilus scgn S,NS 4*(13+4*n+nl+nl)+8*(1 For large non-
+8*n+nl+nu) symmetric problems,
recommended
DBCG I ssds sbcg S,NS 4*(11)+8*(1+8*n)
LUBC I ssilus sbcg S,NS 4*(13+4*n+nl+nu)+8*(
1+8*n+nu+nl)
DCGS I ssds scgs S,NS 4*(11)+8*(1+8*n)
LUCS I ssilus scgs S,NS 4*(13+4*n+nl+nu)+8*(
1+8*n+nu+nl)
DOMN I ssds somn S,NS 4*(11)+8*(1+4*n+nsav
e+3*n*(nsave+1))
LUOM I ssilus somn S,NS 4*(13+4*n+nu+nl)+8*(
1+nl+nu+4*n+nsave+3
*n*(nsave+1))
DGMR I ssds sgmres S,NS 4*(31)+8*(2+n+n*(nsav
e+6)+nsave*(nsave+3))
LUGM I ssilus sgmres S,NS 4*(33+4*n+nl+nu)+8*(
2+n+nu+nl+n*(nsave+6
)+nsave*(nsave+3))

In the above:
n is number of degree of freedom of the problem. nel is the number of nonzeroes in the lower
triangle of the problem matrix (including the diagonal). nl and nu is the number of nonzeroes
in the lower resp. upper triangle of the matrix (excluding the diagonal).

Table 12: EXECUTION PHASES

Phase name Description

sir Preconditioned Iterative Refinement sparse Ax = b solver. Routine to solve a
general linear system Ax = b using iterative refinement with a matrix
splitting.
scg Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient iterative Ax=b solver. Routine to solve a
symmetric positive definite linear system Ax = b using the Preconditioned
Conjugate Gradient method.
ATENA Input File Format 37

scgn Preconditioned CG Sparse Ax=b Solver for Normal Equations. Routine to

solve a general linear system Ax = b using the Preconditioned Conjugate
Gradient method applied to the normal equations AA'y = b, x=A'y.
sbcg Solve a Non-Symmetric system using Preconditioned BiConjugate Gradient.
scgs Preconditioned BiConjugate Gradient Sparse Ax=b solver. Routine to solve a
Non-Symmetric linear system Ax = b using the Preconditioned BiConjugate
Gradient method.
somn Preconditioned Orthomin Sparse Iterative Ax=b Solver. Routine to solve a
general linear system Ax = b using the Preconditioned Orthomin method.
sgmres Preconditioned GMRES iterative sparse Ax=b solver. This routine uses the
generalized minimum residual (GMRES) method with preconditioning to
solve non-symmetric linear systems of the form: A*x = b.

Table 13: PREPARATION PHASES

Phase name Description

ssds Diagonal Scaling Preconditioner SLAP Set Up. Routine to compute the
inverse of the diagonal of a matrix stored in the SLAP Column format.
ssilus Incomplete LU Decomposition Preconditioner SLAP Set Up. Routine to
generate the incomplete LDU decomposition of a matrix. The unit lower
triangular factor L is stored by rows and the unit upper triangular factor U is
stored by columns. The inverse of the diagonal matrix D is stored. No fill in
is allowed.
ssics Incomplete Cholesky Decomposition Preconditioner SLAP Set Up. Routine to
generate the Incomplete Cholesky decomposition, L*D*L-trans, of a
symmetric positive definite matrix, A, which is stored in SLAP Column
format. The unit lower triangular matrix L is stored by rows, and the inverse
of the diagonal matrix D is stored.
ssd2s Diagonal Scaling Preconditioner SLAP Normal Eqns Set Up. Routine to
compute the inverse of the diagonal of the matrix A*A'. Where A is stored in
SLAP-Column format.

&CONVERGENCE_CRITERIA:
{ ABSOLUTE [ ERROR] | RELATIVE [ERROR] } | RESIDUAL ERROR x |
DISPLACEMENT ERROR x | ENERGY ERROR x | STEP_STOP_RESIDUAL
ERROR FACTOR x | STEP_STOP_DISPLACEMENT ERROR FACTOR x |
STEP_STOP_ENERGY ERROR FACTOR x | ITER_STOP_RESIDUAL
ERROR FACTOR x | ITER_STOP_DISPLACEMENT ERROR FACTOR x |
ITER_STOP_ENERGY ERROR FACTOR x | NEGLIGIBLE_RESIDUAL x |
NEGLIGIBLE _DISPLACEMENT x | NEGLIGIBLE_SIZE x |
NEGLIGIBLE_TIME_FRACTION x | ITERATION [ LIMIT ] n }+

Table 14: &CONVERGENCE_CRITERIA sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
38

ABSOLUTE [ERROR] The convergence criteria values are computed using the absolute
norm that is using the maximal element of an array in its absolute
value. The error is then computed by dividing an iterative value
with the value cumulated within the whole step. Note that this
keyword can be used also in conjugation with the input
NEGLIGIBLE _SIZE n, in which case it has slightly different
meaning, see below.
RELATIVE [ERROR] The convergence criteria values are computed using the
Euclidean norm. The error is then computed by dividing an
iterative value with the value cumulated within the whole step.
Note that this keyword can be used also in conjugation with the
input NEGLIGIBLE _SIZE n, in which case it has slightly
different meaning, see below.
RESIDUAL ERROR x Convergence limit for absolute value of residual forces. Default
value is 0.01.
E.g. RESIDUAL ERROR x
DISPLACEMENT ERROR Convergence limit for absolute value of displacement increments.
x Default value is 0.01.
E.g. DISPLACEMENT ERROR x
ENERGY ERROR x Convergence limit for value of residual energy, i.e. norm of
displacement increment multiplied by norm of residual forces.
Not used in transport analysis.
Default value is 0.01.
E.g. RESIDUAL ERROR x
STEP_STOP_RESIDUAL Factors for appropriate convergence criterion value. If a
ERROR FACTOR x | convergence criterion value multiplied by the appropriate factor
STEP_STOP_DISPLACEME exceeds the related calculated analysis error, then the execution is
NT ERROR FACTOR x | immediately killed. They are two sets of factors: the first one for
STEP_STOP_ENERGY checking each iteration and the other one to be exercised at the
ERROR FACTOR x end of each step. The default value for iteration related factors is
| ITER_STOP_RESIDUAL 1000, whilst the default value for step related factors is 10.
ERROR FACTOR x | E.g.
ITER_STOP_DISPLACEME
NT ERROR FACTOR x | SET
ITER_STOP_ENERGY Absolute stop_displacement error factor 15.
ERROR FACTOR x Step_stop_displacement error factor 10.
Step_stop_residual error factor 53
Iter_stop_displacement error factor 201
Iter_stop_residual error factor 203
SET Relative
Step_stop_displacement error factor 54
Step_stop_energy error factor 55
Step_stop_residual error factor 56
Iter_stop_displacement error factor 204
Iter_stop_energy error factor 205
ATENA Input File Format 39

Iter_stop_residual error factor 206

NEGLIGIBLE_SIZE x Size that is already negligible. It affects accuracy of the analysis,
particularly calculations of master/slave BCs, fixing of discrete
reinforcement and the surrounding solids etc. For example points
are assumed identical, if the distance between them is less than
the absolute negligible size. Each element must have at each
direction size greater than the absolute negligable size. Most
iterative procedures compute with accuracy equal to the absolute
negligible size. For all the comparisons only the ABSOLUTE
negligible size is used. The relative negligable size is employed
only to calculate the absolute negligible size, (if not input
directly).
If absolute negligible size is not specified, it is calculated as the
product of relative negligible size and the minimum size (in x,y,z
direction) of the analyzed problem.
By default, relative negligible size is set to 1E-5.
NEGLIGIBLE_RESIDUAL Negligable values for norm of residual forces/displacements that
x | NEGLIGIBLE can be ignored. By default they are set to 1.E-11.
_DISPLACEMENT x E.g.
SET
Absolute error Negligible_residual 0.1
Relative error Negligible_residual 0.2
NEGLIGIBLE_TIME_FRAC Two time steps will be treated as different steps, if they apply at
TION x times differing more than dt/x, where dt is the current (minimal)
time incerement. It is set by "SET" command for dynamic
analysis, whilst default value 0.1 days is used for creep analysis.
ITERATION [LIMIT} n Limit on number of iterations within each step.
E.g. ITERATION [LIMIT] n

&SOLUTION_METHOD
{ LINEAR | NEWTON-RAPHSON | NEWTON-RAPHSON_AND_ LINE-SEARCH |
ARC-LENGTH_AND_ LINE-SEARCH | { MODIFIED_NR | FULL_NR } }+
}

Table 15: &SOLUTION_METHOD sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
NEWTON-RAPHSON Use Newton Raphson nonlinear solver.
ARC-LENGTH Use Arc Length nonlinear solver.
Recommended for force loading up to
peak load or behind, can scale (reduce)
the load.
Only for static analysis, i.e., not for
40

probems involving time (transport,

creep, nor dynamic analyses).
NEWTON-RAPHSON_AND_ LINE-SEARCH Use Line Search nonlinear solver in
combination with Newton-Raphson
method.
ARC-LENGTH_AND_ LINE-SEARCH Use Arc Length nonlinear solver in
combination with Use Line Search
nonlinear solver.
LINEAR Use linear solver. (Note that geometrical
non-linearity is disregarded and only
linear material can be used).
MODIFIED_NR Build stiffness matrix only in the 1st
iteration and use it also for subsequent
iteration of the step.
FULL_NR Build new stiffness matrix in each
iteration.

&PREDICTOR_TYPE:
{ ELASTIC_PREDICTOR | TANGENTIAL_PREDICTOR | SECANT_PREDICTOR }

Table 16: &PREDICTOR_TYPE sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
ELASTIC_PREDICTOR Elastic stiffness matrix shall be used to predict displacement
increments from structural unbalanced forces. There are no
additional parameters for this command. This is option is
set by default
TANGENTIAL_PREDICTOR Tangential stiffness matrix shall be used to predict
displacement increments from structural unbalanced forces.
There are no additional parameters for this command. By
default elastic stiffness matrix is used.

SECANT_PREDICTOR Secant stiffness matrix shall be used to predict displacement

increments from structural unbalanced forces. There are no
additional parameters for this command. By default elastic
stiffness matrix is used

&UPDATE_DISPLS_STRATEGY:
{ UPDATE_IP_EACH_STEP | UPDATE_IP_EACH_ITERATION }

Table 17: &UPDATE_DISPLS_STRATEGY sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
UPDATE_IP_EACH_STEP Specify that material points, (i.e. integration points)
ATENA Input File Format 41

should be updated at the end of each (converged) step,

(i.e. load increment). It means that stress increments
are calculated with respect to the beginning of step
rather then previous iteration. It ensures stress
increments to be calculated always from “converged”
conditions, however as stress increments do not
converged to zero (within current step), this approach
is more demanding on evaluation of constitutive
equations
UPDATE_IP_EACH_ITERATION Specify that material points, (i.e. integration points)
should be updated at the end of each iteration within a
load increment). It means that stress increments are
calculated with respect to the beginning of previous
iteration. By default material points are updated with
respect to loading increments, i.e. steps. See also SET
UPDATE_IP_EACH_STEP

&ARC_LENGTH_PARAMS:
{ &ARC_LENGTH_TYPE | &CONSTRAINT_LENGTH_CONTROL |
&LOAD_DISPLACEMENT_RATIO | &LOCATION_PARAMS

Table 18: &ARC_LENGTH_PARAMS sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
&ARC_LENGTH_TYPE Set type of Arc Length method and associated
constrain.
&CONSTRAINT_LENGTH_CONTROL Set several parameters that control Arc Length
method
&LOAD_DISPLACEMENT_RATIO Control load – displacement scale for
calculating Arc Length constrain.
&LOCATION_PARAMS Set location where the Arc Length step_length
and/or Line Search energy criterion should be
calculated.

&ARC_LENGTH_TYPE:
{ CRISFIELD | NORMAL_UPDATE | CONSISTENTLY_LINEARISED |
EXPLICIT_ORTHOGONAL}

Table 19: &ARC_LENGTH_TYPE sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
CRISFIELD Crisfield variant of constant step length (including
loading space) is to be used.
NORMAL_UPDATE Updates of displacements within iteration kept normal
42

to displacements within the step.

CONSISTENTLY_LINEARISED Keeps constant projection of step length in the current
iteration to direction of the previous iteration. It is
linearized form of EXPLICIT_ORTHOGONAL
method.
EXPLICIT_ORTHOGONAL Keeps constant step length. Unlike CRISFIELD
method, it is based on goniometric relationships, thus
avoiding solving quadratic equation and difficulty with
picking the correct root.
From the mechanical point of view it poses identical
constraint as CRISFIELD method.

&CONSTRAINT_LENGTH_CONTROL:
{ &ARC_LENGTH_BASE_STEP_LENGTH | &ARC_LENGTH_OPTIMISATION }

Table 20: &CONSTRAINT_LENGTH_CONTROL sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
&ARC_LENGTH_BASE_STEP_LENGTH Set base step_length .
&ARC_LENGTH_OPTIMISATION Set the way how to optimize step_length in the
current step based on base step_length and
convergence performance in the previous step.
The base step_length is defined by
&ARC_LENGTH_BASE_STEP_LENGTH
and by default it corresponds to step_length in
the previous step.

&ARC_LENGTH_BASE_STEP_LENGTH
{ARC_LENGTH_PREVIOUS_STEP_LENGTH |
ARC_LENGTH_RESET_STEP_LENGTH | STEP_LENGTH x |
STEP_LENGTH_ONCE x | REL_STEP_LENGTH x |
REL_STEP_LENGTH_ONCE x | REL_REF_STEP_LENGTH x |
REL_REF_STEP_LENGTH_ONCE x | DLAMBDA_MIN x | DLAMBDA_MAX
x | REF_DLAMBDA_MIN x | REF_DLAMBDA_MAX x |
MIN_STEP_LENGTH x | MAX_STEP_LENGTH x |
MIN_REL_STEP_LENGTH x | MAX_REL_STEP_LENGTH x |
MIN_REL_REF_STEP_LENGTH x | MAX_REL_REF_STEP_LENGTH x }

Table 21: &ARC_LENGTH_BASE_STEP_LENGTH &command parameters

Parameter Description
ARC_LENGTH_ For the current step use base step_length (for
PREVIOUS_STEP_LENGTH possible optimization by
&ARC_LENGTH_OPTIMISATION) from
the previous step. In case of the 1st step, it
ATENA Input File Format 43

acts according to
ARC_LENGTH_RESET_STEP_LENGTH.
ARC_LENGTH_RESET_STEP_LENGTH For the current step reset base step_length.
The actual step_length is step_length
resulting from applied load in the 1st iteration
of the current step (for  = 1). It is always
calculated for the 1st step, 1st iteration.
STEP_LENGTH x Set directly required step length to x. By
default, it is initiated based on load
increment, see
ARC_LENGTH_RESET_STEP_LENGTH.
STEP_LENGTH_ONCE x Same as the above but it is appkued only
once.
REL_STEP_LENGTH x | Allows direct setting of  in the next step
REL_STEP_LENGTH_ONCE x | relative to previous or reference step length.
REL_REF_STEP_LENGTH x | It can be set only "ONCE", i.e. only in the
REL_REF_STEP_LENGTH_ONCE x next subsequent step or in all subsequent
steps until a new relevant input. If x==-1, this
input is ignored. By default, all these input
valus are set to -1, i.e. they are ignored.
MIN_STEP_LENGTH x | Set minimum and/or maximum value step
MAX_STEP_LENGTH x length. If the x value is negative, this check is
ignored. By default, x=-1. This input can
overwrite DLAMBDA_MIN,
DLAMBDA_MAX
MIN_REL_STEP_LENGTH x | Set minimum and/or maximum value of
MAX_REL_STEP_LENGTH x current step length related to the step length
in the previous step. If the x value is
negative, this check is ignored. By default,
x=-1
MIN_REL_REF_STEP_LENGTH x | Set minimum and/or maximum value of
MAX_REL_REF_STEP_LENGTH x current step length related to the step length
in firrst previous Arc-Length/ Line Srearch
step. If the x value is negative, this check is
ignored. By default, x=-1
DLAMBDA_MIN x | DLAMBDA_MAX x Set minimum and/or maximum value of delta
 step load increment factor. If the x value is
negative, this check is ignored. By default,
x=-1. This input can be overwritten by
MIN_STEP_LENGTH and
MAX_STEP_LENGTH
REF_DLAMBDA_MIN x | Set minimum and/or maximum value of delta
REF_DLAMBDA_MAX x  step load increment factor with respepect
to reference load. If the x value is negative,
this check is ignored. By default, x=-1. This
44

input can be overwritten by

MIN_STEP_LENGTH and
MAX_STEP_LENGTH

&ARC_LENGTH_OPTIMISATION:
{ { ARC_LENGTH_CONSTANT |
ARC_LENGTH_VARIABLE_CONSERVATIVE_1/2 |
ARC_LENGTH_VARIABLE_CONSERVATIVE_1/4 |
ARC_LENGTH_VARIABLE_PROGRESSIVE } |
REFERENCE_NUMBER_OF_ITERATIONS }+

Table 22: &ARC_LENGTH_OPTIMISATION sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
ARC_LENGTH_CONSTANT For the current step use step_length
unchanged from the previous step.
ARC_LENGTH_VARIABLE_CONSERVATIVE_1/2 Adjusts step_length for each load
step based on the previous structural
behavior:

step_length_new=
pow(reference_number_of_iteration
/last_number_of_iteration,1/2)
ARC_LENGTH_VARIABLE_CONSERVATIVE_1/4 Adjusts step_length for each load
step based on the previous structural
behavior:

step_length_new=
pow(reference_number_of_iteration
last_number_of_iteration,1/4)
ARC_LENGTH_VARIABLE_PROGRESSIVE Adjusts step_length for each load
step based on the previous structural
behavior:

step_length_new=pow(last_number
_of_iteration/
reference_number_of_iteration,1/2)
REFERENCE_NUMBER_OF_ITERATIONS n Set optimum number of iterations
per load step to n. This value is used
in Arc Length optimization of
step_length. By default it is set to
n=5.
ATENA Input File Format 45

&LOAD_DISPLACEMENT_RATIO:
{ LOAD_DISPLACEMENT_RATIO x |
LOADING_DISPLACEMENT_RATIO_CONSTANT |
LOADING_DISPLACEMENT_SCALE_CONSTANT |
LOADING_DISPLACEMENT_BERGAN_CONSTANT }

Table 23: &LOAD_DISPLACEMENT_RATIO sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
LOAD_DISPLACEMENT_ Sets the parameter ratio to x. By default, it is 0.2.
RATIO x
LOADING_DISPLACEMENT_ The SW first (i.e. in the 1st load increment) calculates
RATIO_CONSTANT scaling factor =ratio||displacements|| , where
=1 and displacements is derived from the loading
increment. The calculated  is afterwards kept constant.
The ratio ||displacements||/ is called bergan
coefficient.
LOADING_DISPLACEMENT_ Adjusts (see the previous option) for each new load
SCALE_CONSTANT step as follows
=ratioberganlast
This strategy tries to keep the same impact of changes
happening in loading and geometric space.
LOADING_DISPLACEMENT_ Adjusts (see the previous option) for each new load
BERGAN_CONSTANT step as follows
=last berganold / berganlast
Subscript old stands for one before the last results. This
strategy tries to keep the same ratio of influence of
loading and geometric space.

&LOCATION_PARAMS:
LOCATION { NODE { AT n | FROM n1 [TO n2 [BY n3] ] }+ DOF { AT n | FROM n1
[ TO n2 [BY n3] ]}+ COEFF x | REMOVE}

Table 24: &LOCATION_PARAMS sub- command parameters

Parameter Description
LOCATION Specifies list of domains. Each from these domains contains list
of structural DOFs and their coefficients used for calculation Arc-
length step length.
REMOVE It destroys list of domains and in the subsequent steps all
structural DOFs will be accounted for.
46

NODE It follows list of nodal intervals. Any number of intervals can be

specified.
DOF It follows list DOFs intervals. Any number of intervals can be
specified.
AT n Set location at node (or degree of freedom) n.
FROM n1 Sets locations at nodes (or degrees of freedom) by interval. BY
[TO n2 [BY n3]] default n2 = n1 and n3 = 1.

COEFF x Weight factor for the specified DOF.

&LINE_SEARCH_PARAMS:
{ &LINE_SEARCH_ITERATION_CONTROL | &LIMIT_ETA_CONTROL |
REFERENCE_ETA x | UNBALANCED_ENERGY_LIMIT x |
&LOCATION_PARAMS }+

Table 25: &LINE_SEARCH_PARAMS sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
&LINE_SEARCH_ Control several parameters for Line Search iteration process.
ITERATION_CONTROL
&LIMIT_ETA_ Set minimum and maximum value for  parameters etc.
CONTROL
REFERENCE_ETA x Resets  to x.
UNBALANCED_ Limit for relative work of out-of balanced forces within the
ENERGY_LIMIT x “main” iteration. When satisfied, it stops Line search internal
iteration loops. By default it is set to x=0.8 It says that Line
search has by default reduce work of out-of balanced forces
by 20%.

&LINE_SEARCH_ITERATION_CONTROL:
{ LINE_SEARCH_WITHOUT_ITERATIONS | {
LINE_SEARCH_WITH_ITERATIONS | LINE_SEARCH_ITERATION_LIMIT
n }+ }

Table 26: &LINE_SEARCH_ITERATION_CONTROL sub- command parameters

Parameter Description
LINE_SEARCH_WITHOUT_ Do not carry internal Line search iteration loop within each
ITERATIONS “main” iteration.

LINE_SEARCH_WITH_ Carry on internal Line search iteration loop within each

ITERATIONS “main” iteration.

LINE_SEARCH_ Set line-search iteration limit. Default value is 3 iterations.

ATENA Input File Format 47

ITERATION_LIMIT n

&LIMIT_ETA_CONTROL:
{ LIMIT_ETA | MINIMUM_ETA x | MAXIMUM_ETA x }+

Table 27: &LIMIT_ETA_CONTROL sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
LIMIT_ETA Apply limit value for  = min ... max. Only  multiple of
coordinate changes are applied to the next iteration.
It is set automatically when issuing either of the commands
MINIMUM_ETA x and/or MAXIMUM_ETA x.
MINIMUM_ETA x Sets min = x. By default it is set to x=0.1
MAXIMUM_ETA x Sets max = x By default it is set to x=10.

&OPTIMIZE_PARAMS:
OPTIMIZE [BAND] WIDTH {SLOAN | GIBBS-POOLE | NONE}

Table 28: &OPTIMIZE_PARAMS sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
BAND Dummy keyword.
WIDTH Activates bandwidth minimisation and set default method to
SLOAN.
SLOAN Use Sloan’s algorithm for optimization process
GIBBS-POOLE Use Gibbs-Poole’s algorithm for optimization process
NONE Don’t optimize band-width. This is default setting.

&SERIALIZE_PARAMS:
SERIALIZE [MODEL] [STATE] { { BASICS | [AND] NODAL |
[AND] ELEMENT | ALL }+ | { DEEP | STANDARD } }+

Table 29: &SERIALIZE_PARAMS sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
MODEL Dummy keyword
BASICS Stores just basic information about the model like number of
nodes, materials etc.
AND Dummy keyword
NODAL Stores data related to nodes of the model, (e.g. displacements)
ELEMENT Stores data related to elements of the model, (e.g. strains)
48

ALL Same as coding BASICS NODAL ELEMENT; stores all data

STATE Dummy keyword
STANDARD Standard serialization depth, i.e. only essential object data is
serialized.
DEEP All data within objects are serialized.

&FATIGUE_PARAMS:
{ FATIGUE_TASK f_task | FATIGUE_CYCLES f_cycles |
FATIGUE_MAX_FRACT_STRAIN_MULT f_mult |
FATIGUE_COD_LOAD_COEFF f_codcoeff }+
These parameters only have influence on materials that support fatigue, see the
description of the CC3DNonLinCementitious2Fatigue material.

Table 30: & FATIGUE_PARAMS sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
FATIGUE_TASK f_task The FATIGUE_TASK parameter determines the operation
(fatigue calculation phase) for the analysis step.
0 - nothing to do with fatigue
1 - store base stress
2 - reset FATIGUE_MAX_FRACT_STRAIN
4 - calculate fatigue damage induced by
FATIGUE_CYCLES load cycles. The calculated damage is
added to FATIGUE_MAX_FRACT_STRAIN.
8 - apply the fatigue damage stored in
FATIGUE_MAX_FRACT_STRAIN, multiplied by
FATIGUE_MAX_FRACT_STRAIN_MULT
To combine operations in one analysis step, the values are
added together (combined by binary or), e.g. storing base stress
and resetting fatigue max.fract.strain are requested by the value
3.

Typically, FATIGUE_TASK is set to

3 (store base stress + reset fatigue max.fract.strain)
before the first step of the load to be cycled and to
0 for the rest steps of the fatigue load, then to
12 (calculate + apply fatigue damage) before the first
step applying the damage and to
8 for the rest damage application steps, then to
0 for any following static analysis
FATIGUE_CYCLES The number of cycles is determined by the
ATENA Input File Format 49

f_cycles FATIGUE_CYCLES parameter in the solutions parameters, set

before the load step when the fatigue damage is calculated. The
value of 0 means a non-cycling load.
FATIGUE_MAX_FRAC Multiplier for max.fract.strain induced by fatigue, e.g. 0.2 if the
T_STRAIN_MULT damage is applied in 5 analysis steps
f_mult
FATIGUE_COD_LOAD Multiplier for the influence of the cycling crack opening
_COEFF f_codcoeff displacements when calculating fatigue damage. Equivalent to
changing the KSI_FATIGUE material parameter, but can be set
separatly for each fatigue load

&CREEP_ANALYSIS_PARAMS:
{ SAMPLE_TIMES_PER_DECADE ndecl | RETARD_TIMES_PER_DECADE
ndecl_retard | STOP_TIME execution_stop_time | FIRST_DTIME
first_time_increment | {MP_METHOD | CS_METHOD} }+

Table 31: & CREEP_ANALYSIS_PARAMS sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
SAMPLE_TIMES_PER_ Number of integration times per log10 of time span. Note that
DECADE ndecl this command affects generation of integration (sample) times
by the &CREEP_STEP_DEFINITION sub-command. Hence,
the ndecl parameter must be set before the
&CREEP_STEP_DEFINITION sub-command.
This parameter defines the number of time steps, the program
will use to integrate the structural behavior. Creep or other
nonlinear effects will cause a redistribution of stresses inside the
structure. In order to properly capture such processes a
sufficiently small time steps are needed. This time spacing is
defined by the number of sample times. Its definition depends
on the type of the analyzed structure as well as on the choice of
time units. For typical reinforced concrete structures and for the
time unit being a day, it is recommended to set this parameter
to 2. This will mean that for each load interval longer then 1
day, two sub-steps will be added. For a load that is interval
longer then 10 days, 4 sub-steps will be added. For an interval
longer than 100 days, it will be 6 sub-steps.
Default value: 2.
RETARD_TIMES_PER_ Number of retardation times per log10 of time span. Note that
DECADE ndecl_retard this command affects generation of retardation times by the
&RETARDATION command and hence it must be set
beforehand. Alternatively, this value can be set directly in
&RETARDATION.
Example: If number of retardation times is set to 2, the creep
law will be approximated by two points for each time unit in the
logarithmic scale. This means two approximation points will be
50

used for the time interval between 0 - 1 day, two points for the
interval 1 - 10 days, then two points for 10 - 100 days, etc.
So the proper values will depend on the choice of time units. If
the time unit is a day, the recommended value is 1 - 2.
Default value: 1.
FIRST_DTIME Time increment for the first step of steps' serie that is
first_time_increment automatically generated after issuing a STEP definition
command, (without the option "RESUME_AT" option).
Default value: 0.1 day
Exanple SET FIRST_DTIME 0.08 ;
STOP_TIME Time at which the execution should stop [days]. This value must
execution_stop_time be input at leatest (or anywhere earlier) just before executing a
step that should by stopped by this command. If it has not been
specified, ATENA assumes STOP_TIME equal to time_end
from the &retardation times command. The inputted value of
STOP_TIME gets inserted in (automaticly generated) series of
sample times but the higher sample times are not modified.
Default value: 0 [days]
MP_METHOD | Creep analysis method. CS_METHOD uses simplified
CS_METHOD approach, in which temperature and humidity in a material point
depend only on cross sectional shape and average exterior
temperature and humidity. The MP_METHOD uses accurate
temperature and humidity at each structural material point and
therefore it need additional analysis of moisture and heat
transfer. Currently only CS_METHOD is supported.
Default value: CS_METHOD.

&DYNAMIC_ANALYSIS_PARAMS:
{ STOP_TIME execution_stop_time | LAST_TIME last_time |
{NEWMARK_METHOD | HUGHES_ALPHA_METHOD |
WILSON_THETA_METHOD | MODIFIED_ WILSON_THETA_METHOD } }+

Table 32: & DYNAMIC_ANALYSIS_PARAMS sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
STOP_TIME execution_stop_time Time at which the execution should stop. If it is not
defined, (i.e. execution_stop_time=0), then it is
assumed execution_stop_time=last_time.
Default value: 0
LAST_TIME last_time Last time of the whole analysis.
Default value: 0
ATENA Input File Format 51

NEWMARK_METHOD | Dynamic analysis method to be used.

HUGHES_ALPHA_METHOD |
Default value: HUGHES_ALPHA_METHOD
WILSON_THETA_METHOD |
MODIFIED_WILSON_THETA_ME
THOD

&MAX_REF_IDS:
MAX_REF_ID { { MACRO_NODES_SMART_IDS_MAP |
MACRO_ELEMENTS_SMART_IDS_MAP |
MATERIALS_SMART_IDS_MAP | LOAD_CASES_SMART_IDS_MAP |
STEPS_SMART_IDS_MAP | FUNCTIONS_SMART_IDS_MAP |
GEOMETRIES_SMART_IDS_MAP | ELEMENT_TYPES_SMART_IDS_MAP
| NODES_SMART_IDS_MAP | ELEMENT_GROUPS_SMART_IDS_MAP |
ELEMENTS_SMART_IDS_MAP [FOR] [GROUP] group_id } max_ref_id }+

Table 33: & MAX_REF_IDS sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
{MACRO_NODES_SMART Set maximum reference id for a specified data entity.
_IDS_MAP | ….. | The given value is typically used by the internal ATENA
ELEMENTS_SMART_IDS_ generator, when a request for next reference id is
MAP [FOR] [GROUP] processed. Note that if it is specified max. ref_id for
group_id } max_ref_id }+
elements, i.e. the command
ELEMENTS_SMART_IDS_MAP [FOR] [GROUP]
group_id } max_ref_id , then the group id must be id of
an already input element group. Any “forwards”
specification is not allowed here.
Default value: 50000 (for all queues).

3.4.13 The Command &UNITS

Syntax:
&UNITS:
UNITS { { &FORCE_UNITS | &TEMPERATURE_UNITS | &LENGTH_UNITS |
&MASS_UNITS | &TIME_UNITS } “units” }+

&FORCE_UNITS:
FORCE { N | kN | MN }

&TEMPERATURE_UNITS:
TEMPERATURE { oC | oF | oK | C | F | K }

&LENGTH_UNITS:
LENGTH { MM | M | IN }

&MASS_UNITS:
MASS { KG | TON | LB}
52

&TIME_UNITS:
TIME { sec | day }

Table 34: Description of available program units

Unit type Unit type description Supported Units

Force units F N, kN, MN, kips, lbf
Length units L mm, m, in
o
Temperature T C, oF, oK, C = oC, F=oF, K=oK,
Mass M kg, ton, lb
TIME T sec, day

Table 35: Description of derived units

Formula based on basic units
Unit type Unit type Supported units
(see { sec | day }
description
Table 34)
Stress, pressure S Pa, kPa, MPa, F/l2
psi, ksi

In some parts of the manual, the default values of certain material parameters are specified. If
the parameter is not specified in the input manual, the default value is used. The used default
value depends of coarse on the selected unit set. This means that the program converts the
default value to the selected unit set. The conversion is done with the help of the following
factors, whose value depends on the selected units.

Table 36: Value of factor f F for the conversion of force default values

Jednotka Faktor f F

N 1 000 000
KN 1 000
MN 1
lbf 224809.024733489

Table 37: Value of factor fl for the conversion of length default values

Jednotka Faktor fl

mm 1 000
cm 100
m 1
ATENA Input File Format 53

in 39.3700787401575

Table 38: Value of factor f s for the conversion of stress units

Jednotka Faktor f s

Pa 1 000 000
kPa 1000
MPa 1
psi 145.037680789469
ksi 0.145037680789469

3.5 Topology Definition

3.5.1 The Command &JOINT

This command adds new finite element joints to the model.
Syntax:
&JOINT:
JOINT { &COORDINATES_SPEC }+

&COORDINATES_SPEC:
COORDINATES { [ID] n [NCOORDS] ncoords [X] { x }ncoords }+

Table 39: &JOINT command parameters.

This command is used to set model joint coordinates. Each joint coordinate should be on a
separate line, e.g.

[ID] n [X] x1 x2 x3

If ncoords is not specified, it is by default equal to problem dimension, see &TASK.

3.5.2 The Command &LOCAL

This command specifies list of finite element joints, whose degree of freedom should be
treated in element local coordinate system.

Syntax:
54

&LOCAL:
LOCAL DOFS JOINTS { n }+

Table 40: &LOCAL command parameters

Parameter Description
LOCAL DOFS JOINTS List of nodes with local degree of freedom.
{ n }+ E.g. LOCAL DOFS JOINTS n1, n2, n3, ..... nk

3.5.3 The Command &GEOMETRY

Syntax:
&GEOMETRY:
GEOMETRY ID n [NAME “geometry name”] TYPE &GEOMETRY_SPEC

Table 41: &GEOMETRY command parameters

Parameter Description
ID Geometry identification,
e.g. ID n
NAME User defined geometry name in quotes, also for identification.
E.g.: NAME „geometry name“
TYPE Geometry type in quotes and other geometry type dependent
parameters, see &GEOMETRY_SPECIFICATION.

&GEOMETRY_SPEC:
{ &2D_GEOMETRY_SPEC | &3D_GEOMETRY_SPEC |
&TRUSS_GEOMETRY_SPEC | &SPRING_GEOMETRY_SPEC |
&EXTERNAL_CABLE_GEOMETRY_SPEC | &BEAM_GEOMETRY_SPEC |
&LAYERED_SHELL_GEOMETRY_SPEC | &BEAM_3D_SPEC |
&BEAM_1D_SPEC }+

&2D_GEOMETRY_SPEC:
{ “2D” THICKNESS x | { REF_V1_IDS node1 node2 | REF_V1_VECTOR x y [ z] |
[DIAMETER dia]}+

Table 42: &2D_GEOMETRY_SPEC sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
THICKNESS Thickness of the two-dimensional object.
E.g.: THICKNESS x
REF_V1_IDS node1 Define position of an arbitrary vector v1 used throughout
node2 definition of local coordinate system for plane 3D and 2.5D
elements. The vector is set by coordinates of finite element
ATENA Input File Format 55

nodes node1 (tail) and node2 (head). If it is input, it’s

projection into the element plane will yield X local coordinate
axis. Otherwise, the procedure of establishing X local is
written in the Atena theoretical manual.
REF_V1_VECTOR x y z Same as tha above, but the arbitrary vector is input directly.
The diameter dia is used to specify diameter of rebars used in
CCDiscretePlaneReinforcementME macro element. It is used
solely for reinforcement corrosion analysis and is defined in
Atena length units. By default, dia=28mm.

&3D_GEOMETRY_SPEC:
“3D”

Table 43: &3D_GEOMETRY_SPEC sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
none No parameters needed.

&TRUSS_GEOMETRY_SPEC:
“Truss” AREA x

Table 44: &TRUSS_GEOMETRY_SPEC sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
AREA Cross sectional area of a truss object.
E.g.: AREA x

&SPRING_GEOMETRY_SPEC:
“Spring” { { AREA | THICKNESS} x | { LOCAL | GLOBAL } [ SPRING]
DIRECTION { x }ncoords }2

Table 45: &SPRING_GEOMETRY_SPEC sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
AREA | THICKNESS Cross-sectional area or spring “thickness” of a point spring or
line spring object respectively. Default = 1.0.
E.g.: AREA x
[ { LOCAL | GLOBAL } ] Spring direction in local or global coordinate system. Local
[ SPRING] DIRECTION coordinate system is applicable only for line or plane springs.
By default, global coordinate system is assumed. ncoords
coordinates defines direction vector, (ncoords equals to
problem dimension from &TASK). The direction vector
represents not only spring direction, but also its length that is
significant in case of geometrically nonlinear analyses.
56

E.g.: [LOCAL] DIRECTION x1 x2

&EXTERNAL_CABLE_GEOMETRY_SPEC:
“Cable“ { AREA x | [FRICTION] COEFFICIENT x | [FRICTION] CONSTANT x |
RADIUS x | BOND_COHESION bond_cohesion | WOBBLE_COEFFICIENT
wobble_coeff | SLIP_UNLOAD_COEFF slip_coeff_unload | FUNCTION [SLIP]
slip_function_id | FUNCTION LOCATION location_function_id |
{FIXED|PRESTRESSED} [START | END | BOTH] | PERIMETER x |
PRECISION [FACTOR] x | DAMPING [FACTOR] x | RESET_SLIPS}11

Table 46: &EXTERNAL_CABLE_GEOMETRY_SPEC sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
AREA Cross-sectional area or spring “thickness” of a point spring or
line spring object respectively. Default = 1.0.
E.g.: AREA x
COEFFICIENT frictionlin Parameters defining friction force at a deviator.
CONSTANT frictionconst Ffrict =( ( 1.- a ) max( Fright, Fleft ) + b), where
RADIUS radius

For frictionlin > 0

a = exp(-abs( left - right ) * frictionlin * perimeter)
else
a= -frictionlin

For frictioncons > 0

b = abs( left - right ) * frictionconst * radius * perimeter
else
b= -frictionconst

 = angle of cable (in radians),

F = force in cable,
radius = radius of deviator defined by parameter RADIUS,
perimeter = perimeter of the bar
frictionlin = friction coefficient defined by parameter
[FRICTION] COEFFICIENT frictionlin,
frictionconst = friction coefficient defined by parameter. It has
units of stress.

Note that this value is further multiplied function

ATENA Input File Format 57

location_function_id. CCExternalCable elements multiply it

also by function slip_function_id. CCBarWith...Bond elements
do NOT multiply it by function slip_function_id.
BOND_COHESION Parameters defining cohesion for CCBarWith...Bond elements.
bond_cohesion

bond_cohesion defines cohesion stress between the bar and a

SLIP_UNLOAD_COEFF  material, into which the bar is embedded [stress units]. It
slip_coeff_unload corresponds to  c 0 in the Athena Theory manual.

Note that this value is further multiplied by two coefficients.

The first one is used for both load and unload regimes and it is
defined by function location_function_id. The second one is
used for load and unload regimes for all elements except
elements with memory bond. It is defined by function
slip_function_id. Memory bond elements uses for unloading
slip_coeff_unload.

Example:
BOND_COHESION bond_cohesion

WOBBLE_COEFFICIEN wobble_coeff defines cohesion stress between the bar and a

T wobble_coeff material, into which the bar is embedded [stress units]. It
corresponds to  f w in the Athena Theory manual.

FIXED [START | END | If specified, the starting node and/or the end node of the
BOTH] reinforcement bar is fixed with respect to the concrete, i.e. it
cannot slip. By default, if FIXED command is not used, it can
slip everywhere.
PRESTRESSED [START | Similar info as that above. PRRESTRESSED START means
END | BOTH] the same as FIXED LEFT etc.
FUNCTION [SLIP] Id of a function, by which all the coefficients are multiplied,
slip_function_id i.e. frictionlin , frictionconst. If not specified, no multiplication
occurs. The functional argument is current (total) deviator slip.
FUNCTION LOCATION Id of a function, by which all the coefficients are multiplied,
location_function_id i.e. frictionlin , frictionconst. If not specified, no multiplication
occurs. The functional argument is distance between the 1st
node and the current node, for which the slip parameters are
calculated.
For cables, the two current friction values are calculated
frictionconst_current = frictionconst fs(s) fd(dist),
and
58

frictionlin_current = frictionlin fs(s) fd(dist),

where fs(s) stands for FUNCTION SLIP, and fd(dist) for
FUNCTION LOCATION. If a function is not defined, a
constant value of 1.0 is considered at its place.
For bar with bond, only the first formula is used, defining the
actual cohesion (i.e., the maximum possible bond stress):
Ccurrent = frictionconst fs(s) fd(dist)
is used.
PERIMETER x Perimeter of the reinforcement. This value is used only for
CCBarWithBond / CCBarWithMemoryBond elements.

Default: x=1 [m]

FRICTION UNLOAD This parameter is applicable only for the
COEFFICIENT x CCBarWithMemoryBond elements. It determines the
maximum bond stress for the unloading branch, i.e., to which
value the max. bond stress drops after the bond stress sign
changes (by default, the bond strength – bond slip envelope is
followed during unloading as defined for the loading).

Admissible values:  res ≤ x ≤  max [stress units],

where  res is the residual bond stress (last value from the bond
strength - bond slip function) and  max the maximum bond
stress (max. value from the bond strength – bond slip
function).
PRECISION Process of internal iterations will stop, if
  us 
2
[FACTOR] x x i
 errorrel .displ , where
l

usi is change of slip at cable node i within the last

iteration and errorrel .displ is allowed relative displacement
error of the problem, see &CONVERGENCE_CRITERIA.
Default value: x=100000.
DAMPING [FACTOR] x Factor for damping during the process of iterative calculation
of nodal slips. The slips are updated as follow
usi( j )  usi( j 1)  x usi( j ) ,

where j indicates iteration id and i is cable node id.

Default value: x=1
RESET_SLIPS Reset total slips to zero. This may be needed e.g. after filling
channels of the cables and redefining the slip function.
ATENA Input File Format 59

&BEAM_GEOMETRY_SPEC:
“Beam” { AREA x | [MOMENT] INERTIA_Y x | [MOMENT] INERTIA_Z x |
[MOMENT] POLAR x | [MOMENT] TORGUE x | [MOMENT] SHEAR_Y x |
[MOMENT] SHEAR_Z x | [WINKLER] [COEFFICIENT] C_1_X x | [WINKLER]
[COEFFICIENT] C_1_Y x | [WINKLER] [COEFFICIENT] C_1_Z x | [PASTERNAK]
[COEFFICIENT] C_2_X x | [PASTERNAK] [COEFFICIENT] C_2_Y x | [PASTERNAK]
[COEFFICIENT] C_2_Z x | [LOCAL] [Z] [AXIS] DIR_X x | DIR_Y x | DIR_Z x |
[{SIZE_LOCAL_Y | WIDTH} x ] | [{SIZE_LOCAL_Z}|{HEIGHT} x] |
[{KIRCHHOFF}|{MINDLIN}|{TIMOSHENKO}|{TIMOSHENKO_CSF}] |
[REDUCE_TM_STIFF ] | [REDUCE_MT_STIFF] | [RO_N x] | [EFF_WIDTH_FACTOR x]
| [EFF_HEIGHT_FACTOR x] | [UPDATE_BEAM_DIR] |
[MAX_NUMBER_OF_ITERATIONS_FOR_REDUCE_FORCES n] |
[MAX_ERROR_FOR_REDUCE_FORCES x] | S_MIN s_min S_MAX s_max T_MIN t_min
T_MAX t_max| [BARS NUMBER n { MATERIAL n BAR_AREA x BAR_LOCAL_Y x
BAR_LOCAL_Z x}n] }

Table 47: &BEAM_GEOMETRY_SPEC sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
AREA Cross-sectional area of a beam object. Default = 1.0.
E.g.: AREA x
INERTIA_Y Cross-sectional inertia moment of a beam object with respect
to local Y-axis.
E.g.: INERTIA_Y x
INERTIA_Z Cross-sectional inertia moment of a beam object with respect
to local Z-axis.
E.g.: INERTIA_Z x
POLAR Cross-sectional polar moment of a beam object with respect to
local X-axis.
E.g.: POLAR x
TORGUE Cross-sectional moment of a beam object in torque.
E.g.: TORGUE x
SHEAR_Y Cross-sectional shear moment of a beam object with respect to
local Y-axis.
E.g.: SHEAR_Y x
SHEAR_Z Cross-sectional shear moment of a beam object with respect to
local Y-axis.
E.g.: SHEAR_Z x
C_1_X Winkler (or C1 Pasternak) coefficient with respect to local X-
axis.
E.g.: C_1_X x
60

C_1_Y Winkler (or C1 Pasternak) coefficient with respect to local Y-

axis.
E.g.: C_1_Y x
C_1_Z Winkler (or C1 Pasternak) coefficient with respect to local Z-
axis.
E.g.: C_1_Z x
C_2_X C2 Pasternak coefficient with respect to local X-axis.
E.g.: C_2_X x
C_2_Y C2 Pasternak coefficient with respect to local Y-axis.
E.g.: C_2_Y x
C_2_Z C2 Pasternak coefficient with respect to local X-axis.
E.g.: C_2_Z x
DIR_X X coordinate of a vector defining Z-axis of beam truss local
coordinate system. Note that X local coordinate axis
corresponds to beam direction and Y local axis is
perpendicular to X and Z.
E.g. DIR_X x
DIR_Y Y coordinate of a vector defining Z-axis of beam truss local
coordinate system.
E.g. DIR_Y x
DIR_Z Z coordinate of a vector defining Z-axis of beam truss local
coordinate system.
E.g. DIR_Z x
{SIZE_LOCAL_Y | Cross sectional width in direction of the local Y axis. Either of
WIDTH} x the two keywords can be used.
E.g. WIDTH 0.25
{SIZE_LOCAL_Z}|{HEI Cross sectional height in direction of the local Z axis. Either of
GHT} x] the two keywords can be used.
E.g. HEIGHT 0.25
KIRCHHOFF}|{MINDLI Definition of which modification of the beam FE model should
N}|{TIMOSHENKO}|{TI be used. By default, TIMISHERNKO element is selected. It is
MOSHENKO_CSF} the only one element that supports nonlinearity. The others
ignore it.
{REDUCE_TM_STIFF} | Flag for simulating process of material cracking. If it is set on,
{ REDUCE_MT_STIFF} flexural and bending stiffness of the beam element is reduced
{REDUCE_TM_COEFF | by x. By default, it is off, i.e. full stiffness is applied. Default
REDUCE_TM_COEFF x} value of the reduction coefficient is 0.5, i.e. 50% reduction is
used. Either of the two keywords can be used.
RO_N x Coefficient for buckling length of comperessed columns. By
ATENA Input File Format 61

default it is 1.
E.g. RO_N 0.5
EFF_WIDTH_FACTOR x Coefficient for buckling widtf of comperessed columns’ cross
section. By default it is 1.
E.g. EFF_WIDTH_FACTOR 0.5
EFF_HEIGHT_FACTOR Coefficient for buckling height of comperessed columns’ cross
x section. By default it is 1.
E.g. EFF_HEIGHT_FACTOR 0.5
UPDATE_BEAM_DIR Flag for updating beam’s position already during iterations
with a load step. By default it is updated only at e ach step.
MAX_NUMBER_OF_ITE Maximum number of iterations for establishing force/moment
RATIONS_FOR_REDUC equilibrium. Such procedure is needed typically after any of
E_FORCES n beam’s nodal forces/moments have been reduced due to
material nonlinearity. By default 30 iterations are allowed.
MAX_ERROR_FOR_RE Acceptable relative error for the iteration process described
DUCE_FORCES x above. By default the value 0.01 is used.
S_MIN s_min S_MAX Definition of reinforcement bars in the cross section. First
s_max T_MIN t_min number of bars is read and then for each bar its material, area
T_MAX t_max BARS and coordinates are inputed. Note that all the values are
NUMBER n { specified in isoparametric coordinate system, i.e. in
MATERIAL n coordinates <s_min..s_max>, (for direction of the cross
BAR_AREA x sectional width) and <t_min…t_max>,m(for height). By
BAR_LOCAL_Y x default, these intervals are set to <-1..1>, which corresponds
BAR_LOCAL_Z x}n] to isoparametric coordtinates. If the intervals <0..width>,
<0..height> are use. the the bar areas and coordinates are input
in real coordina system with origin in the left bottom corner.

&LAYERED_SHELL_GEOMETRY_SPEC:
“LayeredShell” { DETECT_DEPTH {DETECT_VECTOR x1 x2 x3 } | { REF_V1_IDS
node1 node2 | REF_V1_VECTOR x y z } | INTERFACE interface_nodes_list | [ SOLID |
REINFORCEMENT ] LAYER n [ { [MATERIAL mat_id ] [THICKNESS thick ]
[POSITION pos ] DIAMETER dia]} | {SAME_AS layer_id }| REF_THICK x |
IGNORE_REF_THICKNESS | { REDUCE_TAU_XZ_YZ | REDUCE_TAU_XY |
FULL_TAU} }+ THICKNESS_EQN " eqn_string"
[REDUCE_TAU_XY] Reduce shears by the factor 0.85.
[REDUCE_TAU_XZ]
[FULL_TAU]

Table 48: &LAYERED_SHELL_GEOMETRY_SPEC sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
SOLID | The data that follow specify a solid, (i.e. concrete) or
REINFORCEMENT reinforcement, (i.e. steel) layer.
62

LAYER n Id of an input layer.

[MATERIAL mat_id ] Parameters specification for the layer n .
[THICKNESS thick ]
[POSITION pos ]
[DIAMETER dia] Material specification:
Material type at an integration point can be defined as
follows, (ordered in terms of priority):
1/ For each integration point separately; refer to
&ELEMENT_MATERIALS,
2/ By layers, i.e. all IPs within the layer n share the same
material mat_id . This achieved this subcommand using
MATERIAL mat_id ,
3/ Use a default material defined by element group definition
command, refer to &ELEMENT_GROUP.

Layer thickness thick:

Layer thickness (for both solid and reinforcement layers) is
defined in term of normalized layer coordinates . Top and
bottom shell surfaces have coordinates =1 and =-1,
respectively. Total shell thickness is thus 1- (-1)=2, with
respect to which all individual layer thickness is scaled.
If some solid layers have zero thickness, it is automatically
generated as (2.- sum ( all solid layers non-zero thickness ) )
/ number of solid layers with zero thickness.
If total sum of solid layers thickness does not equal to 2., all
input thick and pos parameters (for both solid and
reinforcement layers) are scaled appropriately.

Layer position pos:

It specifies position of the reinforcement layer n. Again, the
normalized layer coordinate  is used, see above. Note that
the parameter applies only to reinforcement layers. Solid
layers do not use the pos parameter, as it is assumed that
they are located from bottom (layer 1) to top (the last solid
layer) of the shell. The position is thus defined by their
thickness.

The diameter dia is used to specify diameter of rebars used

in a particular reinforcement layer. It is used solely for
reinforcement corrosion analysis and is defined in Atena
length units, (not in s,t coordinates like e.g. THICKNESS,
POSITION...!. By default, dia=28mm.
ATENA Input File Format 63

SAME_AS layer_id Specifies that the layer n has the same properties as a
previously defined layer layer_id
DETECT_DEPTH Detect depth of shell elements and reorder element’s
{DETECT_VECTOR x1 x2 incidences. If DETECT_VECTOR is not specified, the depth
x3 } is chosen to comply with the smallest dimension of the
element. Otherwise it is chosen to have the smallest angle
with the given vector {x1, x2, x3}.
REF_V1_IDS node1 node2 Define position of an arbitrary vector v1 used throughout
definition of a shell local coordinated system, see the Atena
Theory Manual. The vector is set by coordinates of finite
element nodes node1 (tail) and node2 (head). By default, this
input need not be specified. In such a case, Atena kernel will
construct v3 using the default definition from the Atena
Theoretical Manual .
REF_V1_VECTOR x y z Same as tha above, but the arbitrary vector is input directly.
REF_THICK x Reference thickness used to transform normalized layer
coordinates to real coordinates. By default, this value is not
specified and in this case actual shell thicknesses at
integration points are used instead. This input is particularly
useful, if a reinforcement layer is placed at constant distance
from the shell bottom or top surface, whereby the shell real
thickness is variable.
IGNORE_REF_THICKNE This flag can be input for each reinforcement layer. If it is
SS specified, the consequences implied by inputting above
REF_THICK x are for this particular reinforcement layer
ignored.
INTERFACE Name of list that includes nodal ids, where all 6 shell DOFs
interface_nodes_list should be retained. Use this feature to connect shell elements
with other solid elements, e.g. bricks.
{ REDUCE_TAU_XZ_YZ | Reduce the specified shear(s) by 1/6 of its original value to
REDUCE_TAU_XY | compensate for constant shear strain thru cross section. By
FULL_TAU}+ default, no reduction is carried out, (recommended). .
(Ahmad elements use always full shear strains without any
reduction).
THICKNESS_EQN " String containing equation to caculate shell's thickness. It can
eqn_string conation placeholders "x", "y", "z" that are replaces by actual
shell coordinates.
Example:
THICKNESS_EQN "0.2+x*0.001+y*0.002"
64

&BEAM_3D_GEOMETRY_SPEC:
“Beam3D” [DETECT_AXIS [DETECT_AXIS_VECTOR x1 x2 x3 ]]
[DETECT_HEIGHT [DETECT_HEIGHT_VECTOR x1 x2 x3 ]]
[NUMBER_OF_IPS_IN_R n] [SOLID] HEIGHTS NUMBER n VALUES val1,
val2 .. val_n WIDTHS NUMBER n VALUES val1, val2 .. val_n DOMAINS
NUMBER n MATERIAL {n|0} QUAD_IDS {FROM n [TO n [BY [n]]] | AT n |
LIST i1,i2…} [[REINFORCEMENT] BARS NUMBER n {MATERIAL mat_id
ST_AREA a S_COORD s T_COORD t [IGNORE_REF_HEIGHT]
[IGNORE_REF_WIDTH]  ]n [REDUCE_TAU_XY] [REDUCE_TAU_XZ]
[FULL_TAU] [REF_HEIGHT x ] [REF_WIDTH x]

Table 49: &BEAM_3D_GEOMETRY_SPEC sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
SOLID | The data that follow specify a solid, (i.e. concrete) or
REINFORCEMENT reinforcement, (i.e. steel) layer.
HEIGHTS NUMBER n Total number of solid heights, i.e. number of rows of the s, t
VALUES val1, val2 .. val_n raster. It is followed of actual height values. Isoparametric
coordinates are used. Otherwise, the input heights are scaled
so that their sum will equal to 2.
WIDTHS NUMBER n Ditto for widths.
VALUES val1, val2 .. val_n
DOMAINS NUMBER n Definition of material domains. The quad_ids are counted
MATERIAL {n|0} rowvise starting from the bottom left corner. If material_id is
QUAD_IDS {FROM n [TO zero, a hole is assumed.
n [BY [n]]] | AT n | LIST
i1,i2…}
[REINFORCEMENT] Number of reinforcement “bars”, i.e. quads, where
BARS NUMBER n reinforcement is assumed
MATERIAL mat_id For n bars specify its material id, area and position via s, t
ST_AREA a coordinates. Isoparametric coordinates are used, otherwise
S_COORD s the scaling factors are applied. The factors are those used for
T_COORD t scaling solid heights and widths.
[IGNORE_REF_HEI
GHT]
[IGNORE_REF_WID
TH] 
DETECT_AXIS Detect axis of beam elements and reorder element’s
{DETECT_AXIS_VECTO incidences. If DETECT_AXIS_VECTOR is not specified,
R x1 x2 x3 } the axial direction is chosen to comply with the biggest
dimension of the element. Otherwise it is chosen to have the
smallest angle with the given vector {x1, x2, x3}.
DETECT_HEIGHT Detect height of beam elements and reorder element’s
{DETECT_HEIGHT_VEC incidences. If DETECT_HEIGHT_VECTOR is not
TOR x1 x2 x3 } specified, direction of the beam’s height is chosen to comply
with the bigger dimension of the element’s cross section.
ATENA Input File Format 65

Otherwise it is chosen to have the smallest angle with the

given vector {x1, x2, x3}.
[NUMBER_OF_IPS_IN_R Number of integration points in beam’s longitudinal axis. By
n default 2 IPs are used, however especially in case of heavy
material nonlinearity, more IPs may yield more accurate
results, as the beam can better locate a material failure. Max.
value is 6.
[REDUCE_TAU_XY] Reduce shears by the factor 0.85.
[REDUCE_TAU_XZ]
[FULL_TAU]
[REF_HEIGHT x ] Reference height and width of the beam's cross section used
[REF_WIDTH x] to transform normalized cross sectional local s,t coordinates
to real coordinates, (unless they are ignored). By default,
theses values are not specified and in this case the actual
beam's dimensions at integration points are used. This input
is particularly useful, if a reinforcement cell is placed at
constant distance from surface of the beam, whereby the
beam's cross section dimensions are variable.

&BEAM_1D_GEOMETRY_SPEC:
“Beam1D” CS_WIDTH_EQN "eqn_expression" CS_HEIGHT_EQN
"eqn_expression" VT_X_EQN "eqn_expression" VT_Y_EQN "eqn_expression"
VT_ZEQN "eqn_expression" [NUMBER_OF_IPS_IN_R n] [SOLID]
HEIGHTS NUMBER n VALUES val1, val2 .. val_n WIDTHS NUMBER n
VALUES val1, val2 .. val_n DOMAINS NUMBER n MATERIAL {n|0}
QUAD_IDS {FROM n [TO n [BY [n]]] | AT n | LIST i1,i2…}
[[REINFORCEMENT] BARS NUMBER n {MATERIAL mat_id ST_AREA a
S_COORD s T_COORD t [REF_HEIGHT x ] [REF_WIDTH x] ]n ]
[REDUCE_TAU_XY] [REDUCE_TAU_XZ] [FULL_TAU]

Table 50: &BEAM_1D_GEOMETRY_SPEC sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
SOLID | The data that follow specify a solid, (i.e. concrete) or
REINFORCEMENT reinforcement, (i.e. steel) layer.
HEIGHTS NUMBER n Total number of solid heights, i.e. number of rows of the s, t
VALUES val1, val2 .. val_n raster. It is followed of actual height values. Isoparametric
coordinates are used. Otherwise, the input heights are scaled
so that their sum will equal to 2.
WIDTHS NUMBER n Ditto for widths.
VALUES val1, val2 .. val_n
DOMAINS NUMBER n Definition of material domains. The quad_ids are counted
MATERIAL {n|0} rowvise starting from the bottom left corner. If material_id is
QUAD_IDS {FROM n [TO zero, a hole is assumed.
n [BY [n]]] | AT n | LIST
66

i1,i2…}
[REINFORCEMENT] Number of reinforcement “bars”, i.e. quads, where
BARS NUMBER n reinforcement is assumed
MATERIAL mat_id For n bars specify its material id, area and position via s, t
ST_AREA a coordinates. Isoparametric coordinates are used, otherwise
S_COORD s the scaling factors are applied. The factors are those used for
T_COORD t scaling solid heights and widths.
[REF_HEIGHT x ]
[REF_WIDTH x]

CS_WIDTH_EQN Width and height of beam's cross section. Both are given in
"eqn_expression" terms of algebraic expression f(x,y,z), in which the
CS_HEIGHT_EQN parameters x,y,z, (i.e. coordinates) are substituted
"eqn_expression" automatically based on location a beam using this geometry.
Example:
CS_WIDTH_EQN "0.5+0.1*x" CS_HEIGHT_EQN "0.1"
VT_X_EQN Algebraic expressions for x,y,z coordinates of the vector vt.
"eqn_expression" Theey are input in similar way to the above cross section's
VT_Y_EQN dimensions.
"eqn_expression" Example:
VT_ZEQN VT_X_EQN "0" VT_Y_EQN "0" VT_Z_EQN "0.3"
"eqn_expression"
[NUMBER_OF_IPS_IN_R Number of integration points in beam’s longitudinal axis. By
n default 2 IPs are used, however especially in case of heavy
material nonlinearity, more IPs may yield more accurate
results, as the beam can better locate a material failure. Max.
value is 6.
[REDUCE_TAU_XY] Reduce shears by the factor 0.85.
[REDUCE_TAU_XZ]
[FULL_TAU]
[REF_HEIGHT x ] Reference height and width of the beam's cross section used
[REF_WIDTH x] to transform normalized cross sectional local s,t coordinates
to real coordinates, (unless they are ignored). By default,
theses values are not specified and in this case the actual
beam's dimensions at integration points are used. This input
is particularly useful, if a reinforcement cell is placed at
constant distance from surface of the beam, whereby the
beam's cross section dimensions are variable.

3.5.4 The command &ELEMENT

Syntax:
&ELEMENT:
ELEMENT { &ELEMENT_GROUP | &ELEMENT_TYPE |
&ELEMENT_INCIDENCES | &ELEMENT_MATERIALS }+
ATENA Input File Format 67

Table 51: &ELEMENT command parameters

Parameter Description
&ELEMENT_GROUP This sub-command begins the definition of a new element
group. This command should be followed by the definition
of element connectivity by using the sub-command
ELEMENT INCIDENCES
&ELEMENT_ TYPE Define a new element type. This element type is later
referred to by the sub-command &ELEMENT_GROUP to
specify an element type/formulation for an element group.
&ELEMENT_INCIDENCES This sub-command should follow the command
&ELEMENT_GROUP. It is used to define element
connectivities.
&ELEMENT_MATERIALS This sub-command should follow the command
&ELEMENT_GROUP. It sets material types individually
for each material point of the element. If not specified,
default material type from &ELEMENT_GROUP is used.

&ELEMENT_GROUP:
GROUP { ID n [NAME = “element group name”] TYPE n MATERIAL n
GEOMETRY n | DELETE | ACTIVE | INACTIVE | ASSOC_LC_ID lc_id}+

Table 52: &ELEMENT_GROUP sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
ID n Element group identification
E.g.: ID n
NAME “element group Element group name in quotes, also for identification
name” E.g. NAME “element group name“
TYPE n Element type identification.
E.g.: TYPE n
MATERIAL n Identification number of material to be used for this element
group.
E.g.: MATERIAL n
GEOMETRY n Identification number of geometry to be used for this element
group.
E.g.: GEOMETRY n
DELETE Resets content of the element group to default, i.e. removes its
all-previous input data.
ACTIVE | INACTIVE Marks all elements within the group as active or inactive. Active
elements are included in the analysis, whereas inactive elements
are ignored.
68

ASSOC_LC_ID lc_id Associated load case id. This input is generated automatically,
however in some cases it allows to manually specify load case
id associated with this group. For example, if discrete
reinforcement bars are input manually, i.e. not generated, the
lc_id says, which load case is used to bind the bar with the
surrounding solids.

&ELEMENT_TYPE:
TYPE { ID n | NAME “element type name” | { LINEAR | NONLINEAR |
IGNORE_NEGATIVE_JACOBIAN |
IGNORE_ELEMENT_TYPE_EXCEPTION | SEMINONLINEAR } TYPE
“element_type” | GAMMA_REF x | GAMMA_COEFF x |
PREPARE_CALCULATION |
[ "DEFAULT_PROCESSING" | "INITIAL_STRAIN_ONLY_INTO_SOLID" |
"INITIAL_STRESS_ONLY_INTO_SOLID" |
"INITIAL_STRAIN_ONLY_INTO_REINF" |
"INITIAL_STRESS_ONLY_INTO_REINF" ] }+

Table 53: &ELEMENT_TYPE sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
ID n Element type identification
E.g.: ID n
NAME Element group name in quotes, also for identification
“element type name” E.g.: NAME “My_CCIsoBrick“
LINEAR Forces to ignore all terms due to geometrical non-linearity. Material
linearity still may exist.
NONLINEAR Forces to account for all terms due to geometrical non-linearity. This
is the default setting.
SEMINONLINEAR Linear in the 1st iteration, nonlinear in the next iterations. This option
is sometimes advantageous, if the structure is loaded by
deformations.
IGNORE_NEGATI By default, if an element at an IP has negative jacobian, (i.e. there is
VE_JACOBIAN something wrong with its geometry), then the appropriate exception
is thrown and the execution is terminated. If this keyword is
specified, the negative value of the jacobian is ignored and the
execution continues (, although with disputable results).
IGNORE_ELEMEN By default, if an exception occures within element calculation, then
T_TYPE_EXCEPTI the appropriate exception is thrown and the execution is terminated.
ON If this keyword is specified, execution of the offending element is
skipped and remaining elements get proceeded.
TYPE Element type in quotes.
“element_type” E.g.: TYPE “element_type”, where “element_type” adopts form
name<xx_x…>, where x and _ characters in the <> brackets indicate
ATENA Input File Format 69

number and location of nodes for hierarchical finite element type

name. For instance CCIsoTriangle<xxx_x> indicates a four nodes
triangular element CCIsoTriangle with the fourth node located
between node 2 and 3. Names of other element types are input
directly without the <xx…> decoration, e.g. Spring. The system
automatically distinguishes between 2D, 3D or axisymmetric variant
of the element used.
E.g.: TYPE “CCIsoQuad<xxxx_xx>.
GAMMA_REF x Factor for accounting angle between mesh and crack direction. See
theoretical manual for more description.
GAMMA_COEFF x Factor for accounting angle between mesh and crack direction. See
theoretical manual for more description.
PREPARE_CALCU Force immediate preprocessing of the input element type for
LATION calculation. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure that all needed
data are already available, i.e. input. By default this flag is not
specified and preprocessing of element types is delayed up to the
very last moment prior the execution.
["DEFAULT_PROCESSING" Special flag for processing initial
"INITIAL_STRAIN_ONLY_INTO_SOLID strain/stress load for elements with
"INITIAL_STRESS_ONLY_INTO_SOLID" embedded smeared reinforcement. By
"INITIAL_STRAIN_ONLY_INTO_REINF" default, the load is applied to both solid
"INITIAL_STRESS_ONLY_INTO_REINF" ] and reinforcement parts of the element.

Table 54: Available element types

Element type name Description

CCIsoBrick Isoparametric brick element (hexahedron)
E.g.: CCIsoBrick<xxxxxxxx>
CCIsoWedge Isoparametric wedge element
E.g.: CCIsoWedge<xxxxxx>
CCIsoTetra Isoparametric tetrahedral element
E.g. : CCIsoTetra<xxxx>
CCIsoTriangle Isoparametric triangular element
E.g.: CCIsoTriangle<xxx>
CCIsoQuad Isoparametric quadrilateral
E.g.: CCIsoQuad<xxxx>
CCQ10 4 nodes quadrilateral element composed of two triangle
isoparametric elements. This element must be defined by at
least four corner nodes.
E.g.: CCQ10<xxxx>
CCQ10Sbeta 4 nodes quadrilateral element composed of two triangles. Four
70

corner nodes must define this element. The material model at

this element is evaluated at the element center. The
constitutive secant matrix evaluated at the element center is
used throughout the whole element to calculate element
internal forces.
E.g.: CCQ10Sbeta<xxxx>
CCSpring Spring element defined by a single node. This element type
should be used to define a spring support at given node.
CCLineSpring Line spring element defined by two nodes. This element type
should be used for spring supports along solid element edges.
CCPlaneSpring Planar spring element defined by three nodes. This element
type should be used for spring supports along faces of solid
elements.
CCIsoTruss Isoparametric truss element.
E.g.: CCIsoTruss<xx>
CCIsoASymTruss Isoparametric truss element for axisymmetric problems. The
element contributes stiffness in direction of its axis. For adding
also radial stiffness, combine this element with the
CCCircumferentialTruss or CCCircumferentialTruss2 element.
E.g. CCIsoASymTruss<xx>
CCIsoGap Gap/Interface element.
E.g.: CCIsoGap<xxxx>
CCCircumferentialTruss Circumferential truss element. This element is defined by only
one node and is used in axi-symmetric analysis to model
circumferential reinforcement. It contributes also radial
stiffness.
E.g.: CCCircumferentialTruss
CCCircumferentialTruss2 Circumferential truss element. This element is defined by two
nodes and is used in axi-symmetric analysis to model
circumferential reinforcement. It is similar to the
CCCircumferentialTruss element, however its “cross sectional
area” is equal to its length multiplied by its thickness. For
adding stiffness also in the element’s axial direction combine
this element with the CCIsoASymTruss element.
E.g.: CCCircumferentialTruss2
CCExternalCable 2D or 3D truss element for modeling external prestress cables.
The bar is anchored at one end and prestressed at the other.
The intermediate nodes are deviators, where frictional force is
defined, see external geometry definition. The whole bar must
consist of one or more elements. All the elements must
compose the same element group.
CCBarWithBond 2D or 3D truss element for modeling reinforcement bars with
ATENA Input File Format 71

specified cohesion with concrete. If exceeded, the bar will slip.

The element type uses external cable geometry definitions to
specify the appropriate solution parameters. The whole bar
must consist of one or more elements. All the elements must
compose the same element group.
CCAhmadElement33L 3D shell elements. The first and the second digits in the
CCAhmadElement32L element name specify number of integration points for element
bending and shear energy. E.g. the digit three says that the
CCAhmadElement33H element is integrated in 3 IPs in X dir * 3 IPs in Y dir *
CCAhmadElement32H number of layers. The last letter L,H and S stands for 9-nodes
Lagrangian element, for 9 nodes Heterosis element and 8
CCAhmadElement22S nodes Serendipity element. See theoretical manual for more
details. All the element must use a 3D material and
LayeredShell geometry! They specified by 16 nodes, 8 for top
and 8 for bottom surface similar to brick elements. The top and
bottom middle points for Lagrangian and Heterosis elements
(for the bubble functions) are generated automatically. At each
node the elements have 3 degree of freedom. As top and
bottom node have altogether 6 DOFs and shell theory uses
only 5 DOFs per shell node, the z displacement of the bottom
node is automatically constrained during the execution.
CCBeamNL 3D nonlinear beam element. The element uses quadratic
interpolation along its axis, so that it can have curvilinear
shape. Similar to the implemented CCAhmad elements it is
also input as a 3D hexahedral box. Nevertheless, the usual
axial nodal points are available (e.g. for checking resulting
deformations and rotations. They are generated automatically.
CCBeam 3D linear beam element. The element is assumed for a
simplified analysis with CCBeamMasonry and
CCBeamRCMaterial materials.
CCIsoBeamBar<xx> Isoparametric 1D beam element with 2 or three nodes. The
CCIsoBeamBar<xxx> elements are similar to CCBeamNL but they are modelled as a
bar 1D element. It resembles CCBeamNL element type
without its nodes 1-12 to model element's 3D shape.
CCIsoShellBrick<xxxxxxx Isoparametric full 3D shell element (hexahedral curvilinear
x>... shape). They are compatible with the same materials as are
CCIsoShellBrick<xxxxxxx CCIsoBrick elements. Unlike CCAhmadElement... elements it
xxxxxxxxxxx>. uses everywhere native 3dofs per node, i.e. no additional
constraint of the element's bottom is needed.
E.g.: CCIsoShellBrick <xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>

CCIsoShellWedge<xxxxx Isoparametric full 3D shell element (wedge curvilinear shape).

x>... They are compatible with the same materials as are
CCIsoShellWedge<xxxxx CCIsoBrick elements. Unlike CCAhmadElement... elements it
xxxxxxx>. uses everywhere native 3dofs per node, i.e. no additional
constraint of the element's bottom is needed.
72

E.g.: CCIsoShellBrick <xxxxxxxxxxxx>

CCIsoShellQuad<xxxx> ... Nonlinear shell elements similar to Ahmad elements, however
CCIsoShellQuad<xxxxxxx they are specified by 2D curvilinear surface. In each node, they
xx> have 3 displacements and 2 rotations. As for material and
geometry they use the same data as Ahmad elements defined
above.
CCIsoShellTriangle<xxx> Nonlinear shell elements similar to CCIsoShellQuad elements,
... however they have triangular curvilinear shape. In each node,
CCIsoShellTriangle<xxxx they have 3 displacements and 2 rotations. As for material and
xx> geometry they use the same data as Ahmad elements defined
above.
CCIsoBeamBrick12_3D Isoparametric full 3D beam NL elements. The element uses
CCIsoBeamBrick8_3D quadratic interpolation along its axis, so that it can have
curvilinear shape. The elements are compatible with materials
suitable for full 3D analysis, i.e. material good for CCIsoBrick
elements. As for geometry it uses (similar to CCBeamNL)
CCBeam3DGeometry data.

Table 55: Element Type and Material Compatibility

CCCircumferentialTruss
CCPlane-Spring
CCIso-Triangle

CCLine-Spring
CCQ10Sbeta

CCIso-Truss
CCIso-Brick

CCIso-Quad

CCIso-Gap
CCSpring
CCQ10

CC1DElastIsotropic X X X X X
(*)

CCPlaneStressElastIsotropic (*) X X X X X X X X X

CCPlaneStrainElastIsotropic (*) X X X X X X X X X

CC3DElastIsotropic X X X X X X X X X X
(*)

CCASymElastIsotropic X X X X X X X X
(*)

CC3DBiLinearSteelVonMises (*) X X X X X X X X X

CC3DCementitious X X X X X X X X X

CC3DNonLinCementitious X X X X X X X X X

CC3DNonLinCementitious2 (*) X X X X X X X X X

CC3DNonLinCementitious2User (*) X X X X X X X X X

CC3DNonLinCementitious2Variable X X X X X X X X X

CCSBETAMaterial X X X X X X X X X

CC2DInterface X
ATENA Input File Format 73

CC3DInterface X

CCReinforcement X X X X X

CCCyclingReinforcement X X X X X

CCSmearedReinf X X X X X

CCCircumferentialSmearedReinf X X X X

CCSpringMaterial X X X

CC3DDruckerPragerPlasticity X X X X X X X X X

CCMaterialWithVariableProperties X X X X X X X X X

CCMaterialWithTempDepProperties X X X X X X X X X

CCMaterialWithRandomFields X X X X X X X X X

CCCombinedMaterial X X X X X X X X X

Table 56 : Element Type and Material Compatibility, (beam and shell elements)

CCIsoShellTriangle
CCIsoShellWedge
CCIsoBeamBrick

CCIsoShellBrick

CCIsoShellQuad
CCIsoBeamBar

CCBeamNL
CCBeam

Ahmad

CC1DElastIsotropic X3 X3 X3 X3 X3 X3 X3 X3
(*)

CCPlaneStressElastIsotropic (*)

CCPlaneStrainElastIsotropic (*)

CC3DElastIsotropic X X X X X X X X
(*)

CCASymElastIsotropic
(*)

CC3DBiLinearSteelVonMises (*)

CC3DCementitious X X X X X X X X

CC3DNonLinCementitious X X X X X X X X

CC3DNonLinCementitious2 (*) X X X X X X X X

CC3DNonLinCementitious2User (*) X X X X X X X X

CC3DNonLinCementitious2Variable X X X X X X X X

CCSBETAMaterial

CC2DInterface

CC3DInterface

CCReinforcement X3 X3 X3 X3 X3 X3 X3 X3

CCCyclingReinforcement X3 X3 X3 X3 X3 X3 X3 X3

CCSmearedReinf X3 X3 X3 X3 X3 X3 X3 X3

CCCircumferentialSmearedReinf X3 X3 X3 X3 X3 X3 X3 X3

3
For reinforcement.
74

CCSpringMaterial

CC3DDruckerPragerPlasticity X X X X X X X X

CCMaterialWithVariableProperties X X X X X X X X

CCMaterialWithTempDepProperties X X X X X X X X

CCMaterialWithRandomFields X X X X X X X X

CCCombinedMaterial X X X X X X X X

CCBeamMasonryMaterial X

CCBeamRCMaterial X

Table 57 : Beam and shell elements and their element idealisation, material idealisation and
geometry type

CCIsoShellTriangle
CCIsoShellWedge
CCIsoBeamBrick

CCIsoShellBrick

CCIsoShellQuad
CCIsoBeamBar

CCBeamNL
CCBeam

Ahmad

Element
geometry type
LAYEREDSHELL

LAYEREDSHELL

LAYEREDSHELL

LAYEREDSHELL

LAYEREDSHELL
BEAM_ 3D

BEAM_3D

BEAM_3D
BEAM

Element
idealisation 4 LAYERED_SHELL_2D

LAYERED_SHELL_2D
LAYERED_SHELL
BEAM_NL_1D

BEAM_NL_3D
BEAM_3D

BRICK

BRICK

BRICK

Material
BEAM_3D

BEAM_3D
THREE_D

THREE_D

THREE_D

idealisation
ONE_D

SHELL

SHELL

SHELL

4
Defined by a finite element that is used.
ATENA Input File Format 75

Element

SHAPE_SHELL_WEDGE_3D

SHAPE_QUADRILATERAL
SHAPE_SHELL_BRICK_3D
shape4

SHAPE_TRIANGLE
SHAPE_BRICK

SHAPE_BRICK
SHAPE_BRIC
SHAPE_BAR

SHAPE_BAR
The above tables apply in full for static and dynamic analysis. As far as creep analysis is
concerned, it uses time independent and time dependent materials:
Time independent material (as indicated by the name) does not change its behaviour with age.
Such a material is e.g. used for reinforcement. Any material from the above table can be used
as time independent material for creep analysis.
On the other hand, concrete is known to change its properties with time and therefore (within
a creep analysis) it must be modelled by a time dependent material &CREEP_MATERIAL.
Only materials marked with "*" (from the above table) can be used as the parameter
“short_term_material_type", (refering to the definition of &CREEP_MATERIAL).
Transport analysis uses completely different element types and element material models.
They are described in Section 3.14. Any transport element type can be used in conjugation
with any transport material model.

&ELEMENT_INCIDENCES:
[NNODES num_nodes ]
id1 { n }number_nodes_1
id2 { n }number_nodes_2
…
idm { n }number_nodes_m

Table 58: &ELEMENT_INCIDENCES sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
[NNODES num_nodes ] Optional number of element incidences. If not defined,
num_nodes is derived from the element’s element type.
id Element id.
E.g.: n
{ n }number_nodes Element incidences, i.e. ids of nodes incidenting with the
element. number_nodes integer numbers is expected, where
number number_nodes is number of element nodes for the
particular element type
E.g.: n1 n2 [n3 ] .... [n number_nodes ]
76

Note:
This command has to follow the command ELEMENT GROUP.
Each element incidences data must be input on a separate line.
&ELEMENT_MATERIALS:
id1 { n }number_of_material_points
id2 { n }number_of_material_points
…
idm { n }number_of_material_points

Table 59: &ELEMENT_MATERIALS sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
id Element id.
E.g.: n
{ n }number_of_material_points Material type at element’s material point. By default, a positive
integer value is expected for each material point of the element.
If the input value n is zero, it indicates that this and all
remaining material points use the default material type.
If the input value n is negative, it indicates that this and all
remaining material points are of type (-n).
If the element uses the same material types in all its material
points, the &ELEMENT_MATERIALS command can be
omitted and a default material type specified in
&ELEMENT_GROUP is adopted.
E.g.: 10 20 30 40
E.g. 10 -20
Note:
This command has to follow the command ELEMENT GROUP.
Each element material type’s data must be input on a separate line.

3.5.5 Geometrical imperfections &NODAL_IMPERFECTIONS

The following command can be used to specify initial imperfections of structural geometry.
By default, zero nodal imperfections are assumed.
The nodal imperfections can be set by the input command &NODAL_IMPERFECTIONS:

Syntax:

&NODAL_IMPERFECTIONS :
ATENA Input File Format 77

NODAL_IMPERFECTIONS [SETTINGS] {
&MANUAL_IMPEREFECTIONS_ENTRY |
&GENERATED_IMPEREFECTIONS_ENTRY }

&MANUAL_IMPEREFECTIONS_ENTRY:
{ NODE n { TOTAL | INCREMENT | INCREMENTAL} {VALUE | VALUES } val_x
val_y [val_z] }

Table 60: Nodal Initial Imperfections Definition (manual entries)

Sub-Command Description
NODE n Set initial conditions for node n.
{VALUE | VALUES} val_x Specify initial nodal imperfections in direction of global
val_y [val_z] coordinates. 3D problems need 3 values, 2D problems only
two values..
{TOTAL | INCREMENT | Set input for total or incremental (with respect to the reference
INCREMENTAL } coordinates) values of the imperfect structural geometry.

&GENERATED_IMPEREFECTIONS_ENTRY:

NODAL IMPERFECTIONS [SETTING] SELECTION "selection_name" | { TOTAL |

INCREMENT | INCREMENTAL} GENERATE CONST const_vector |
COEFF_X coeff_x_vector | COEFF_Y coeff_y_vector | COEFF_Z
coeff_z_vector}+

Table 61: Nodal Initial Imperfections Definition (generated entries)

Sub-Command Description
SELECTION Name of selection, for which the generation is requested.
"selection_name"
{GENERATE Keyword for entities to be generated. The values in global
GENERATE_VEL } structural directions are generated as linear combination:
CONST const_vector
COEFF_X coeff_x_vector | valuex  const (1)  x coeff x (1)  y coeff y (1)  z coeff z (1)
COEFF_Y coeff_y_vector |
COEFF_Z coeff_z_vecor valuey  const (2)  x coeff x (2)  y coeff y (2)  z coeff z (2)
valuez  const (3)  x coeff x (3)  y coeff y (3)  z coeff z (3)

x,y,z are coordinates of nodes, where the generation is

processed. The vector of values, e.g. const_vector must
include 3 or 2 values for 2D or 3D problems, respectively.
78

{TOTAL | INCREMENT | Set input for total or incremental (with respect to the reference
INCREMENTAL } coordinates) values of the imperfect structural geometry.

Example:
NODAL_IMPEFECTIONS SETTINGS // 3D
NODE 2 TOTAL VALUES 0. 0. 0.001
NODE 3 INCREMENT VALUES 0. 0. 0.0015
…….

NODAL_IMPEFECTIONS SETTINGS // 2D
NODE 2 TOTAL VALUES 0. 0.001
NODE 3 INCREMENTAL VALUES 0. 0.0015
…….

NODAL SETTING SELECTION "all_nodes" TOTAL

CONST 25. 12. 24. COEFF_X 0. 0. 0. COEFF_Y 0. 0. 0. COEFF_Z 0. 0. 0.01
GENERATE // 3D

3.6 Material Definition - The Command &MATERIAL

Syntax:
&MATERIAL:
MATERIAL ID n [NAME “material_name” ] &MATERIAL_TYPE_PARAMS

Table 62: &MATERIAL command parameters

Parameter Description
ID n Material identification
E.g.: ID 1
NAME “material_name” Material name in quotes, also for identification
E.g.: NAME „my_material“
&MATERIAL_TYPE_PARAMS Material type and type specific parameters

&MATERIAL_TYPE_PARAMS:
{ &LINEAR_ELASTIC_ISOTROPIC | &3DCEMENTITIOUS |
&3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS | &3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS2 |
&3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS2VARIABLE |
&3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS2USER |
&3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS2SHCC |
&3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS2SFATIGUE |
&3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS3 | &SBETAMATERIAL |
ATENA Input File Format 79

&VON_MISES_PLASTICITY | &USER_MATERIAL |
&INTERFACE_MATERIAL | &REINFORCEMENT |
&REINFORCEMENT_WITH_CYCLING_BEHAVIOR |
&SMEARED_REINFORCEMENT | &SPRING |
&DRUCKER_PRAGER_PLASTICITY | &MICROPLANE |
&CREEP_MATERIAL | &COMBINED_MATERIAL |
&VARIABLE_MATERIAL |
&MATERIAL_WITH_TEMP_DEP_PROPERTIES |
&MATERIAL_WITH_RANDOM_FIELDS
&BEAM_MASONRY_MATERIAL | &BEAM_RC_MATERIAL |
&BEAM_REINF_BAR_MATERIAL}

Table 63: &MATERIALTYPE_PARAMS sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
&LINEAR_ELASTIC_ISOTROPIC Linear elastic isotropic materials for 1D, Plane
Stress, Plane Strain, Axisymmetric and 3D
analyses
&3DCEMENTITIOUS Material suitable for rock or concrete like
materials.
&3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS Materials suitable for rock or concrete like
materials. Enhanced &3DCEMENTITIOUS
material.
&3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS2 Materials suitable for rock or concrete like
materials. This material is identical to
3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS except that this
model is fully incremental.
&3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS2VARI Materials suitable for rock or concrete like
ABLE materials. This material is identical to
3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS2 except that
selected material parameters can be defined using
a time or load step function.
&3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS2USE Materials suitable for rock or concrete like
R materials. This material is identical to
3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS2 except that
selected material laws can be defined by user
curves.
&3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS2SHC Strain Hardening Cementitious Composite
C material. Material suitable for fibre reinforced
concrete, such as SHCC and HPFRCC materials.
&3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS2FATI Based on the 3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS2
GUE material, suitable for fatigue analysis of rock or
concrete like materials.
&3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS3 Materials suitable for rock or concrete like
materials. This material is an advanced version of
80

3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS2 material that can

handle the increased deformation capacity of
concrete under triaxial compression. Suitable for
problems including confinement effects.
&VON_MISES_PLASTICITY Plastic materials with Von-Mises yield condition,
e.g. suitable for steel.
&DRUCKER_PRAGER_PLASTICITY Plastic materials with Drucker-Prager yield
condition.
&USER_MATERIAL User defined material (derived from elastic
isotropic). The user provides a dynamic link
library.
&INTERFACE_MATERIAL Interface material for 2D and 3D analysis.
&REINFORCEMENT Material for discrete reinforcement.
&REINFORCEMENT_WITH_ Material for discrete reinforcement subject to
CYCLING_BEHAVIOR cycling loading.

&SMEARED_REINFORCEMENT Material for smeared reinforcement.

&SPRING Material for spring type boundary condition
elements, i.e. for truss element modeling a spring.
&MICROPLANE Bazant Microplane material models for concrete
&CREEP_MATERIAL Material for creep analysis. These are:
CCModelB3 = Bazant-Baweja B3 model
CCB3Improved = model same as the above with
support for specified time and humidity history
CCModelBP_KX = creep model developed by
Bazant-Kim, 1991.
CCModelCEB-FIP = creep model advocated by
CEB-FIP 1978
CCModelACI_78 = creep model by ACI
Committee in 1978.
CCModelCSN731202 = model recommended by
CSN731202
CCModelBP1 = full version of the creep model
developed by Bazant-Panulla
CCModelBP2 = simplified version of the above
model
CCModelGeneral = creep model for direct input
of material compliance, strength and shrinkage at
times typically measured in a laboratory.
CCModelFIB_MC2010 = model by CEB-fib
bulletin 65 from the year 2010.
ATENA Input File Format 81

CCModelEN1992=creep model by Eurocode

EN1992.1.1_2006.
&COMBINED_MATERIAL This material can be used to create a composite
material consisting of various components, such
as for instance concrete with smeared
reinforcement in various directions. Unlimited
number of components can be specified. Output
data for each component are then indicated by the
label #i. Where i indicates a value of the i-th
component.
&VARIABLE_MATERIAL This material can be used as an envelope for
other materials, whose parameters are not
constant during the analysis. A function
depending on time or load step can be specified
for any material parameter. This can be used only
in the connection with fully incremental
materials.
&MATERIAL_WITH_TEMP_DEP_P This material can be used as an envelope for
ROPERTIES other materials, whose parameters depend on
temperature. This can be used only in the
connection with fully incremental materials.
&MATERIAL_WITH_RANDOM_FIE This material can be used to simulate the random
LDS spatial distribution of selected material
parameters.
&BEAM_MASONRY_MATERIAL Material for (reinforced) masonry structures
modeled by CCBeal material.
&BEAM_RC_MATERIAL Material for (reinforced) structures modeled by
CCBeal material
&try_reduce_MyMz_keep_NBEAM_R Material for reinforcement bar used in solids
EINF_BAR_MATERIAL modeled by either BEAM_RC_MATERIAL or
BEAM_MASONRY_MATERIAL material.

3.6.1 Linear Elastic Isotropic Materials

3.6.1.1 Sub-command &LINEAR_ELASTIC_ISOTROPIC

Syntax:
&LINEAR_ELASTIC_ISOTROPIC:
TYPE { “CC1DElastIsotropic”“CCPlaneStressElastIsotropic” |
“CCPlaneStrainElastIsotropic” | “CCASymElastIsotropic” | “CC3DElastIsotropic” } { E x |
{ MU | NY | POISSON } x | RHO x | ALPHA x | IDEALISATION { 1D,
PLANE_STRESS, PLANE_STRAIN, AXISYMMETRIC, 3D, SHELL, BEAM_3D,
MEMBRANE_AXI} | DAMPING_MASS xM | DAMPING_STIFF xK }+
82

Table 64: &LINEAR_ELASTIC_ISOTROPIC sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
Basic properties
Ex Elastic modulus.
Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number>
Default value: 210 x 103 f F / f l 2

{MU | POISSON | NY } Poisson’s ratio.

x
Units: none
Acceptable range: <-1; 0.5)
Default value: 0.3
Miscellaneous properties
RHO x Material density.
Units: M/l3
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.00785 f M / fl 3

ALPHA x Coefficient of thermal expansion

Units: 1/T
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.000012
DAMPING_MASS xM Mass and stiffness damping factors specified for indiviual
DAMPING_STIFF xK element group. They overwrite the same factor set for the whole
structure by SET command .
IDEALISATION Defines the idealisation if material model with higher dimension
is to be used in a finite element with lower dimension. For
instance in case a 3D model is to be used in 2D configuration.
Units: none
Acceptable range: { 1D, PLANE_STRESS,
PLANE_STRAIN, AXISYMMETRIC, 3D "SHELL",
"BEAM_3D", "MEMBRANE_AXI"}
Default value: program tries to determine a suitable idealisation
based on the dimension of the material model and the dimension
of the finite element, where it is used. So in most cases it is not
needed to use this command. In certain cases, however, the
program cannot determine correctly the idealisation to use. Such
a case is for instance, if a 3D model is to be used in 2D element.
Then it is necessary to directly specify if plane stress or strain
ATENA Input File Format 83

idealisation is to be used.

3.6.2 Cementitious Materials

3.6.2.1 Sub-command &3DCEMENTITIOUS

Syntax:
&3DCEMENTITIOUS:
TYPE “CC3DCementitious” {E x | { MU | POISSON | NY } x | { FT | RT | F_T |
R_T} x | { FC | RC | F_C | R_C} x | GF x | WD x | EXC x | BETA x | RHO x |
ALPHA x | FT_MULTIP x | SHEAR_FACTOR x | UNLOADING x |
IDEALISATION { 1D, PLANE_STRESS, PLANE_STRAIN,
AXISYMMETRIC, 3D} | DAMPING_MASS xM | DAMPING_STIFF xK}+
The parameters for this material model can be generated based on compressive cube strength
of concrete Rcu (see Table 65). This value should be specified in MPa and then transformed to
the current units.

Table 65: &3DCEMENTITIOUS sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
Basic properties
Ex Elastic modulus.
Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number>
Default value: 30 x 103 f F / f l 2

Generation formula: E  (6000  15.5 Rcu ) Rcu f F / f l 2 (this

formula is valid only if Rcu is compressive cube strength given
as positive number in MPa.)
{ MU | POISSON | NY } Poisson’s ratio.
x
Units: none
Acceptable range: <-1; 0.5)
Default value: 0.2
{ FT | RT | F_T | R_T} x Tensile strength
Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: (0; -FC/2)
Default value: 3 f F / f l 2
2

Generation formula: FT  0.24 Rcu3 f F / f l 2

{ FC | RC | F_C | R_} x Compressive strength

84

Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: <minimal real number; -2 FT)
Default value: -30 f F / f l 2

Generation formula: FC  0.85 Rcu f F / f l 2

Tensile properties
GF x Specific fracture energy
Units: F/l
Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.0001 f F / f l
Generation formula: GF  0.000025 FT
Compressive properties
WD x Critical compressive displacement
Units: l
Acceptable range: <minimal real number; 0)
Default value: -0.0005 fl
Miscellaneous properties
EXC x Eccentricity, defining the shape of the failure surface
Units:
Acceptable range: <0.5; 1.0>
Default value: 0.52
BETA x Multiplier for the direction of the plastic flow.
Units:
Acceptable range: <minimal real number; maximal real
number>
Recommended range: (-2; 2)
Default value: 0.0
RHO x Material density.
Units: M/l3
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.0023 f M / fl 3
ALPHA x Coefficient of thermal expansion
Units: 1/T
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
ATENA Input File Format 85

Default value: 0.000012

FIXED x Fixed smeared crack model will be used.
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; 1>
Default value: 0.25
FT_MULTIP x Multiplier for tensile strength in the plastic part of the fracture-
plastic model in order to ensure that plastic surface and fracture
surface intersect each other.
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; +>
Default value: 2.1
SHEAR_FACTOR x Shear factor that is used for the calculation of cracking shear
stiffness. It is calculated as a multiple of the corresponding
minimal normal crack stiffness that is based on the tensile
softening law.
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; +>
Default value: 20
UNLOADING x Unloading factor, which controls crack closure stiffness.
Acceptable range: <0; 1)
0 - unloading to origin (default)
0.9 - unloading direction parallel to the initial elastic stiffness
IDEALISATION Defines the idealisation if material model with higher dimension
is to be used in a finite element with lower dimension. For
instance in case a 3D model is to be used in 2D configuration.
Units: none
Acceptable range: { 1D, PLANE_STRESS,
PLANE_STRAIN, AXISYMMETRIC, 3D }
Default value: program tries to determine a suitable idealisation
based on the dimension of the material model and the dimension
of the finite element where it is used. So in most cases it is not
needed to use this command. In certain cases however the
program cannot determine correctly the idealisation to use, such
a case is for instance if a 3D model is to be used in 2D element.
Then it is necessary to directly specify if plane stress or strain
idealisation is to be used.
DAMPING_MASS xM Mass and stiffness damping factors specified for indiviual
DAMPING_STIFF xK element group. They overwrite the same factor set for the whole
structure by SET command .
86

3.6.2.2 Sub-command &3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS

&3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS:
TYPE “CC3DNonLinCementitious” { E x { MU | POISSON | NY } x | { FT | RT |
F_T | R_T} x | { FC | RC | F_C | R_C} x | { FC0 | RC0 | F_C0 | R_C0} x |
GF x | CRACK_SPACING x | TENSION_STIFF x | WD x | EPS_CP x | EXC x
| BETA x | RHO x | ALPHA x | FT_MULTIP x | SHEAR_FACTOR x |
UNLOADING x | IDEALISATION { 1D, PLANE_STRESS, PLANE_STRAIN,
AXISYMMETRIC, 3D} | DAMPING_MASS xM DAMPING_STIFF xK }+
The parameters for this material model can be generated based on compressive cube strength
of concrete Rcu (see Table 66). This value should be specified in MPa and then transformed to
the current units.

Table 66: &3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
Basic properties
Ex Elastic modulus.
Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number>
Default value: 30 x 103 f F / f l 2

Generation formula: E  (6000  15.5 Rcu ) Rcu f F / f l 2 (this

formula is valid only if Rcu is compressive cube strength given
as positive number in MPa.)
{ MU | POISSON | NY } Poisson’s ratio.
x
Units: none
Acceptable range: <-1; 0.5)
Default value: 0.2
{ FT | RT | F_T | R_T} x Tensile strength
Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: (0; -FC/2)
Default value: 3 f F / f l 2
2

Generation formula: FT  0.24 R 3

cu f F / fl2

{ FC | RC | F_C | R_C} x Compressive strength

Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: <minimal real number; min(FC0, -2 FT))
Default value: -30 f F / f l 2
ATENA Input File Format 87

Generation formula: FC  0.85 Rcu f F / f l 2

Tensile properties
GF x Specific fracture energy
Units: F/l
Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.0001 f F / f l
Generation formula: GF  0.000025 FT
CRACK_SPACING x Crack spacing – average distance between cracks after
localization. If zero crack spacing is assumed to be equal to
finite element size.
Units: l
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.0
CRACK_SPACING_MIN x Crack spacing minimal value. For extremely small elements
during the crack initiation process more microcracks may
develop than it is physically possible. For instance in case of
concrete, if the finite element size is smaller than aggregate
size, this parameter should be set to the size of aggregates.

Units: l
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.0
TENSION_STIFF x Tension stiffening
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; 1>
Default value: 0.0
Compressive properties
EPS_CP x Plastic strain at compressive strength.
Units: none
Acceptable range: <minimal real number; 0>
Default value: -0.001
Generation formula: FC/E
88

{ FC0 | F_C0 | RC0 | Onset of non-linear behavior in compression.

R_C0 } x Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: (FC,-2 FT)
Default value: -20 f F / f l 2
Generation formula: FT*2.1
WD x Critical compressive displacement
Units: l
Acceptable range: <minimal real number; 0)
Default value: -0.0005 fl
CRUSH_BAND_MIN x Minimal value of crush band size for localization in
compression. Typically this is calculated based on the finite
element size as its size projected into the direction of minimal
principal stress. If element sizes smaller than the minimal
possible crushing zone size are used, this paremeter should be
set to a nonzero value. In practical situations it can be set equal
to the minimal dimension (thickness) of the structure at the
location of the crushing.

Units: l
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.0
Miscellaneous properties
EXC x Eccentricity, defining the shape of the failure surface
Units:
Acceptable range: <0.5; 1.0>
Default value: 0.52
BETA x Multiplier for the direction of the plastic flow.
Units:
Acceptable range: <minimal real number; maximal real
number>
Recommended range: (-2; 2)
Default value: 0.0
RHO x Material density.
Units: M/l3
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.0023 f M / fl 3
ATENA Input File Format 89

ALPHA x Coefficient of thermal expansion

Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.000012
FIXED x Fixed smeared crack model will be used.
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; 1>
Default value: 0.25
FT_MULTIP x Multiplier for tensile strength in the plastic part of the fracture-
plastic model in order to ensure that plastic surface and fracture
surface intersect each other.
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; +>
Default value: 2.1
SHEAR_FACTOR x Shear factor that is used for the calculation of cracking shear
stiffness. It is calculated as a multiple of the corresponding
minimal normal crack stiffness that is based on the tensile
softening law.
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; +>
Default value: 20
UNLOADING x Unloading factor, which controls crack closure stiffness.
Acceptable range: <0; 1)
0 - unloading to origin (default)
0.9 - unloading direction parallel to the initial elastic stiffness
IDEALISATION Defines the idealisation if material model with higher dimension
is to be used in a finite element with lower dimension. For
instance in case a 3D model is to be used in 2D configuration.
Units: none
Acceptable range: { 1D, PLANE_STRESS,
PLANE_STRAIN, AXISYMMETRIC, 3D }
Default value: program tries to determine a suitable idealisation
based on the dimension of the material model and the dimension
of the finite element where it is used. So in most cases it is not
needed to use this command. In certain cases however the
program cannot determine correctly the idealisation to use, such
a case is for instance if a 3D model is to be used in 2D element.
Then it is necessary to directly specify if plane stress or strain
idealisation is to be used.
90

DAMPING_MASS xM Mass and stiffness damping factors specified for indiviual

DAMPING_STIFF xK element group. They overwrite the same factor set for the whole
structure by SET command .

3.6.2.3 Sub-command &3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS2

&3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS2:
TYPE “CC3DNonLinCementitious2” { E x { MU | POISSON | NY } x | { FT | RT |
F_T | R_T} x | { FC | RC | F_C | R_C} x | { FC0 | RC0 | F_C0 | R_C0} x |
GF x | CRACK_SPACING x | TENSION_STIFF x | WD x | EPS_CP x |
FC_REDUCTION x | EXC x | BETA x | RHO x | ALPHA x | FT_MULTIP x |
SHEAR_FACTOR x | AGG_SIZE x | UNLOADING x | IDEALISATION { 1D,
PLANE_STRESS, PLANE_STRAIN, AXISYMMETRIC, 3D}|
DAMPING_MASS xM DAMPING_STIFF xK}+
This material is identical to the previous material 3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS but it is
internally formulated purely incrementally, while in the previous material only the plastic part
of the model is fully incremental, while the fracturing part is based on total formulation. The
parameters for this material model can be generated based on compressive cube strength of
concrete Rcu (see Table 66). This value should be specified in MPa and then transformed to
the current units.

Table 67: &3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS2 sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
Basic properties
Ex Elastic modulus.
Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number>
Default value: 30 x 103 f F / f l 2

Generation formula: E  (6000  15.5 Rcu ) Rcu f F / f l 2 (this

formula is valid only if Rcu is compressive cube strength given
as positive number in MPa.)
{ MU | POISSON | NY } Poisson’s ratio.
x
Units: none
Acceptable range: <-1; 0.5)
Default value: 0.2
{ FT | RT | F_T | R_T} x Tensile strength
Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: (0; -FC/2)
Default value: 3 f F / f l 2
ATENA Input File Format 91

Generation formula: FT  0.24 R 3

cu f F / fl2

{ FC | RC | F_C | R_C} x Compressive strength

Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: <minimal real number; min(FC0, -2 FT))
Default value: -30 f F / f l 2

Generation formula: FC  0.85 Rcu f F / f l 2

Tensile properties
GF x Specific fracture energy
Units: F/l
Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.0001 f F / f l
Generation formula: GF  0.000025 FT
CRACK_SPACING x Crack spacing – average distance between cracks after
localization. If zero crack spacing is assumed to be equal to
finite element size.
Units: l
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.0
TENSION_STIFF x Tension stiffening
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; 1>
Default value: 0.0
Compressive properties
EPS_CP x Plastic strain at compressive strength.
Units: none
Acceptable range: <minimal real number; 0>
Default value: -0.001
Generation formula: FC/E
{ FC0 | F_C0 | RC0 | Onset of non-linear behavior in compression.
R_C0 } x Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: (FC,-2 FT)
Default value: -20 f F / f l 2
Generation formula: FC*2/3
92

WD x Critical compressive displacement

Units: l
Acceptable range: <minimal real number; 0)
Default value: -0.0005 fl
FC_REDUCTION x Reduction of compressive strength due to cracking. When
cracking occurs, depending on the tensile fracturing strain the
compressive strength of the material is reduced using the
formula from the modified compression field theory by Collins.
The parameter of this command is the limiting relative value of
the compressive strength reduction.
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; 1>
Default value: 0.2
Miscellaneous properties
EXC x Eccentricity, defining the shape of the failure surface
Units:
Acceptable range: <0.5; 1.0>
Default value: 0.52
BETA x Multiplier for the direction of the plastic flow.
Units:
Acceptable range: <minimal real number; maximal real
number>
Recommended range: (-2; 2)
Default value: 0.0
RHO x Material density.
Units: M/l3
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.0023 f M / fl 3
ALPHA x Coefficient of thermal expansion
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.000012
FIXED x Fixed smeared crack model will be used.
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; 1>
Default value: 0.25
FT_MULTIP x Multiplier for tensile strength in the plastic part of the fracture-
ATENA Input File Format 93

plastic model in order to ensure that plastic surface and fracture

surface intersect each other.
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; +>
Default value: 2.1
SHEAR_FACTOR x Shear factor that is used for the calculation of cracking shear
stiffness. It is calculated as a multiple of the corresponding
minimal normal crack stiffness that is based on the tensile
softening law.
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; +>
Default value: 20
AGG_SIZE x Aggregate size for the calculation of aggregate interlock based
on the modified compression field theory by Collins. When this
parameter is set. The shear strength of the cracked concrete is
calculated using the MDF theory by Collins. The input
parameter represents the maximal size of aggregates used in the
concrete material.
Units: l
Acceptable range: (0; +>
Default value: 0.02 fl
UNLOADING x Unloading factor, which controls crack closure stiffness.
Acceptable range: <0; 1)
0 - unloading to origin (default)
0.9 - unloading direction parallel to the initial elastic stiffness
IDEALISATION Defines the idealisation if material model with higher dimension
is to be used in a finite element with lower dimension. For
instance in case a 3D model is to be used in 2D configuration.
Units: none
Acceptable range: { 1D, PLANE_STRESS,
PLANE_STRAIN, AXISYMMETRIC, 3D }
Default value: program tries to determine a suitable idealisation
based on the dimension of the material model and the dimension
of the finite element where it is used. So in most cases it is not
needed to use this command. In certain cases however the
program cannot determine correctly the idealisation to use, such
a case is for instance if a 3D model is to be used in 2D element.
Then it is necessary to directly specify if plane stress or strain
idealisation is to be used.
DAMPING_MASS xM Mass and stiffness damping factors specified for indiviual
94

DAMPING_STIFF xK element group. They overwrite the same factor set for the whole
structure by SET command .

3.6.2.4 Sub-command &3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS2VARIABLE

&3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS2VARIABLE:
TYPE “CC3DNonLinCementitious2Variable” { E x { MU | POISSON | NY } x | { FT
| RT | F_T | R_T} x | { FC | RC | F_C | R_C} x | { FC0 | RC0 | F_C0 | R_C0} x
| GF x | CRACK_SPACING x | TENSION_STIFF x | WD x | EPS_CP x |
FC_REDUCTION x | EXC x | BETA x | RHO x | ALPHA x | | FT_MULTIP x
| SHEAR_FACTOR x | AGG_SIZE x | UNLOADING x | PARAM “parameter
name” F i | IDEALISATION { 1D, PLANE_STRESS, PLANE_STRAIN,
AXISYMMETRIC, 3D} | DAMPING_MASS xM DAMPING_STIFF xK}+
This material is identical to the previous material 3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS2 but its
selected material parameters can be changed during the analysis to simulate for instance
material degradation.

Table 68: &3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS2VARIABLE sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
Basic properties
Ex Elastic modulus.
Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number>
Default value: 30 x 103 f F / f l 2

Generation formula: E  (6000  15.5 Rcu ) Rcu f F / f l 2 (this

formula is valid only if Rcu is compressive cube strength given
as positive number in MPa.)
{ MU | POISSON | NY } Poisson’s ratio.
x
Units: none
Acceptable range: <-1; 0.5)
Default value: 0.2
{ FT | RT | F_T | R_T} x Tensile strength
Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: (0; -FC/2)
Default value: 3 f F / f l 2
2

Generation formula: FT  0.24 R 3

cu f F / fl2

{ FC | RC | F_C | R_C} x Compressive strength

Units: F/(l2)
ATENA Input File Format 95

Acceptable range: <minimal real number; min(FC0, -2 FT))

Default value: -30 f F / f l 2

Generation formula: FC  0.85 Rcu f F / f l 2

Tensile properties
GF x Specific fracture energy
Units: F/l
Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.0001 f F / f l
Generation formula: GF  0.000025 FT
CRACK_SPACING x Crack spacing – average distance between cracks after
localization. If zero crack spacing is assumed to be equal to
finite element size.
Units: l
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.0
TENSION_STIFF x Tension stiffening
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; 1>
Default value: 0.0
Compressive properties
EPS_CP x Plastic strain at compressive strength.
Units: none
Acceptable range: <minimal real number; 0>
Default value: -0.001
Generation formula: FC/E
{ FC0 | F_C0 | RC0 | Onset of non-linear behavior in compression.
R_C0 } x Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: (FC,-2 FT)
Default value: -20 f F / f l 2
Generation formula: FT*2.1
WD x Critical compressive displacement
Units: l
Acceptable range: <minimal real number; 0)
Default value: -0.0005 fl
96

FC_REDUCTION x Reduction of compressive strength due to cracking. When

cracking occurs, depending on the tensile fracturing strain the
compressive strength of the material is reduced using the
formula from the modified compression field theory by Collins.
The parameter of this command is the limiting relative value of
the compressive strength reduction.
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; 1>
Default value: 0.2
Miscellaneous properties
EXC x Eccentricity, defining the shape of the failure surface
Units:
Acceptable range: <0.5; 1.0>
Default value: 0.52
BETA x Multiplier for the direction of the plastic flow.
Units:
Acceptable range: <minimal real number; maximal real
number>
Recommended range: (-2; 2)
Default value: 0.0
RHO x Material density.
Units: M/l3
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.023 f M / fl 3
ALPHA x Coefficient of thermal expansion
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.000012
FIXED x Fixed smeared crack model will be used.
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; 1>
Default value: 0.25
FT_MULTIP x Multiplier for tensile strength in the plastic part of the fracture-
plastic model in order to ensure that plastic surface and fracture
surface intersect each other.
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; +>
ATENA Input File Format 97

Default value: 2.1

SHEAR_FACTOR x Shear factor that is used for the calculation of cracking shear
stiffness. It is calculated as a multiple of the corresponding
minimal normal crack stiffness that is based on the tensile
softening law.
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; +>
Default value: 20
AGG_SIZE x Aggregate size for the calculation of aggregate interlock based
on the modified compression field theory by Collins. When this
parameter is set. The shear strength of the cracked concrete is
calculated using the MDF theory by Collins. The input
parameter represents the maximal size of aggregates used in the
concrete material.
Units: l
Acceptable range: (0; +>
Default value: 0.02 fl
UNLOADING x Unloading factor, which controls crack closure stiffness.
Acceptable range: <0; 1)
0 - unloading to origin (default)
0.9 - unloading direction parallel to the initial elastic stiffness
IDEALISATION Defines the idealisation if material model with higher dimension
is to be used in a finite element with lower dimension. For
instance in case a 3D model is to be used in 2D configuration.
Units: none
Acceptable range: { "1D", "PLANE_STRESS",
"PLANE_STRAIN", "AXISYMMETRIC", "3D" }
Default value: program tries to determine a suitable idealisation
based on the dimension of the material model and the dimension
of the finite element where it is used. So in most cases it is not
needed to use this command. In certain cases however the
program cannot determine correctly the idealisation to use, such
a case is for instance if a 3D model is to be used in 2D element.
Then it is necessary to directly specify if plane stress or strain
idealisation is to be used.
DAMPING_MASS xM Mass and stiffness damping factors specified for indiviual
DAMPING_STIFF xK element group. They overwrite the same factor set for the whole
structure by SET command .
98

3.6.2.5 Sub-command &3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS2USER

&3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS2USER:
TYPE “CC3DNonLinCementitious2User” { E x { MU | POISSON | NY } x | { FT |
RT | F_T | R_T} x | { FC | RC | F_C | R_C} x |
TENSION_SOFT_HARD_FUNCTION n | CHAR_SIZE_TENSION x |
X_LOC_TENSION x | CRACK_SPACING x | TENSION_STIFF x |
COMP_SOFT_HARD_FUNCTION x | CHAR_SIZE_COMP x | X_LOC_COMP
x | FC_REDUCTION_FUNCTION n | SHEAR_STIFF_FUNCTION n |
X_LOC_SHEAR x | SHEAR_STRENGTH_FUNCTION n |
TENSILE_STRENGTH_RED_FUNCTION n | EXC x | BETA x | RHO x |
ALPHA x | FT_MULTIP x | SHEAR_FACTOR x | UNLOADING x |
IDEALISATION { 1D, PLANE_STRESS, PLANE_STRAIN,
AXISYMMETRIC, 3D} | DAMPING_MASS xM DAMPING_STIFF xK}+
This material is identical to the previous material 3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS2 but it
allows the user definition of the basic material curves such as tensile softening, compression
softening, shear behavior of cracked concrete and tensile strength reduction based on the
applied compressive strength. The parameters for this material model can be generated based
on compressive cube strength of concrete Rcu (see Table 66). This value should be specified
in MPa and then transformed to the current units. See ATENA theory manual for more
detailed explanation of this material.

Table 69: Parameters for MATERIAL TYPE „CC3DNonLinCementitious2User“. Suitable for rock
or concrete like materials

Parameter Description
Basic properties
E Elastic modulus.
Format: E x
Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number>
Default value: 30 x 103 f F / f l 2

Generation formula: E  (6000  15.5 Rcu ) Rcu f F / f l 2 (this

formula is valid only if Rcu is compressive cube strength given
as positive number in MPa.)
MU, POISSON, NY Poisson’s ratio.
Format: MU x
Units: none
Acceptable range: <-1; 0.5)
Default value: 0.2
FT, RT, F_T, R_T Tensile strength
Format: FT x
ATENA Input File Format 99

Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: (0; -FC/2)
Default value: 3 f F / f l 2
2

Generation formula: FT  0.24 R 3

cu f F / fl2

FC , RC, F_C, R_C Compressive strength

Format: FC x
Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: <minimal real number; min(FC0, -2 FT))
Default value: -30 f F / f l 2

Generation formula: FC  0.85 Rcu f F / f l 2

UNLOADING x Unloading factor, which controls crack closure stiffness.
Acceptable range: <0; 1)
0 - unloading to origin (default)
0.9 - unloading direction parallel to the initial elastic stiffness
Tensile properties
TENSION_SOFT_ Index of the function defining the tensile hardening/softening
HARD_FUNCTION law. The horizontal axis represents strains and vertical axis
tensile strength, which should be normalized with respect to ft ' .

Format: TENSION_SOFT_HARD_FUNCTION n
Units: none
Acceptable range: <1;maximal int number>
Default value: none
Generation formula: default function should have the following
points.
( 0.000 ; 1.00 )
0.75 GF
( ; 0.25 )
0.03 f t '
5 GF
( ; 0.00 )
0.03 f t '

where: GF  0.000025 FT
CHAR_SIZE_TENSION Characteristic size for which the various tensile functions are
100

valid.

Format: CHAR_SIZE_TENSION x
Units: l
Acceptable range: (0;maximal real number>
Default value: 0.03 fl
Generation formula: none
X_LOC_TENSION Strain value after, which the softening/hardening becomes
localized, and therefore adjustment based on element size is
needed.

Format: X_LOC_TENSION x
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0;maximal real number>
Default value: 0.0
Generation formula: none
CRACK_SPACING x Crack spacing – average distance between cracks after
localization. If zero crack spacing is assumed to be equal to
finite element size.
Units: l
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.0
TENSION_STIFF x Tension stiffening
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; 1>
Default value: 0.0
ATENA Input File Format 101

Compressive properties
COMP_SOFT_ Index of the function defining the tensile hardening/softening
HARD_FUNCTION law. The horizontal axis represents strains and vertical axis
compressive strength, which should be normalized with respect
to f c' .

Format: COMP_SOFT_HARD_FUNCTION n
Units: none
Acceptable range: <1;maximal int number>
Default value: none
Generation formula: default function should have the following
points.
( 0.000 ; 0.25 )
( 0.5*FC/E ; 0.80 )
( FC/E ; 1.00 )
( FC/E - 0.005 ; 0.00 )

CHAR_SIZE_COMP Characteristic size for which the various compressive functions

are valid.

Format: CHAR_SIZE_COMP x
Units: l
Acceptable range: (0;maximal real number>
Default value: 0.10 fl
Generation formula: none
X_LOC_COMP Strain value after, which the softening/hardening becomes
localized, and therefore adjustment based on element size is
needed.

Format: X_LOC_COMP x
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0;-maximal real number>
Default value: -0.001
Generation formula: FC/E
102

FC_REDUCTION_ Index of the function defining the compressive strength

FUNCTION n reduction due to cracking. The horizontal axis represents
fracturing strains normal to a crack and vertical axis
compressive strength, which should be normalized with respect
to f c' .

Format: FC_REDUCTION_FUNCTION n
Units: none
Acceptable range: <1;maximal int number>
Default value: none
Generation formula: default function should have the following
points.
( 0.000 ; 1.0 )
( 0.001 ; 1.0 )
( 0.005 ; 0.6 )
( 0.01 ; 0.4 )
( 0.015 ; 0.3 )
( 0.05 ; 0.1 )
( 0.30 ; 0.02 )
ATENA Input File Format 103

Shear properties
SHEAR_STIFF_ Index of the function defining the shear retention factor
FUNCTION evolution based on tensile strain in the crack direction. The
horizontal axis represents strains and the vertical axis the
relative reduction of the shear modulus.

Format: SHEAR_STIFF_FUNCTION n
Units: none
Acceptable range: <1;maximal int number>
Default value: none
Generation formula: default function should have the following
points.
( 0.00000 ; 1.00 )
( 1.e-7 ; 1.00 )
( 1.e-6 ; 0.79 )
( 1.e-5 ; 0.58 )
( 0.00010 ; 0.36 )
( 0.001 ; 0.15 )
( 0.005 ; 0.01 )

X_LOC_SHEAR Strain value after, which the softening/hardening becomes

localized, and therefore adjustment based on element size is
needed.

Format: X_LOC_SHEAR x
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0;maximal real number>
Default value: 0.0
Generation formula: none
104

SHEAR_STRENGTH_ Index of the function defining the shear strength of a cracked

FUNCTION n concrete based on crack width in the crack direction. The
horizontal axis represents strains and the vertical axis the
relative value of shear strength with respect to the tensile
strength FT.

Format: SHEAR_STRENGTH_FUNCTION n
Units: none
Acceptable range: <1;maximal int number>
Default value: none
Generation formula: default function should have the following
points.
( 0.00000 ; 1.10 )
( 0.0001 ; 0.87 )
( 0.0005 ; 0.51 )
( 0.0010 ; 0.34 )
( 0.002 ; 0.20 )
( 0.003 ; 0.15 )
( 0.005 ; 0.09 )
( 0.010 ; 0.05 )

Tension-compression interaction
TENSILE_STRENGTH_ Index of the function defining the tensile strength reduction
RED_FUNCTION based on the compressive stress in other material directions.
The horizontal axis represents relative compressive stress
normalized with respect to f c' and the vertical axis the relative
reduction of the tensile strength with respect to ft ' .

Format: TENSILE_STRENGTH_RED_FUNCTION n
Units: none
Acceptable range: <1;maximal int number>
Default value: none
Generation formula: default function should have the following
points.
( 0.000 ; 1.00 )
( 1.000 ; 0.20 )
ATENA Input File Format 105

Miscellaneous properties
EXC Excentricity, defining the shape of the failure surface
Format: EXC x
Units:
Acceptable range: <0.5; 1.0>
Default value: 0.52
BETA Multiplier for the direction of the plastic flow.
Format: BETA x
Units:
Acceptable range: <minimal real number; maximal real
number>
Recommended range: (-2; 2)
Default value: 0.0
RHO Specific material density.
Format: RHO x
Units: M/l3
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.0023 f M / fl 3

ALPHA Coefficient of thermal expansion

Format ALPHA x
Units: 1/T
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.000012
FIXED Fixed smeared crack model will be used.
Format: FIXED x
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; 1>
Default value: 0.25
FT_MULTIP x Multiplier for tensile strength in the plastic part of the fracture-
plastic model in order to ensure that plastic surface and fracture
surface intersect each other.
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; +>
Default value: 2.1
SHEAR_FACTOR x Shear factor that is used for the calculation of cracking shear
106

stiffness. It is calculated as a multiple of the corresponding

minimal normal crack stiffness that is based on the tensile
softening law.
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; +>
Default value: 20
UNLOADING x Unloading factor, which controls crack closure stiffness.
Acceptable range: <0; 1)
0 - unloading to origin (default)
0.9 - unloading direction parallel to the initial elastic stiffness
IDEALISATION Defines the idealisation if material model with higher dimension
is to be used in a finite element with lower dimension. For
instance in case a 3D model is to be used in 2D configuration.
Units: none
Acceptable range: { 1D, PLANE_STRESS,
PLANE_STRAIN, AXISYMMETRIC, 3D }
Default value: program tries to determine a suitable idealisation
based on the dimension of the material model and the dimension
of the finite element where it is used. So in most cases it is not
needed to use this command. In certain cases however the
program cannot determine correctly the idealisation to use, such
a case is for instance if a 3D model is to be used in 2D element.
Then it is necessary to directly specify if plane stress or strain
idealisation is to be used.
DAMPING_MASS xM Mass and stiffness damping factors specified for indiviual
DAMPING_STIFF xK element group. They overwrite the same factor set for the whole
structure by SET command .

3.6.2.6 Sub-command &3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS2SHCC

&3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS2SHCC:
TYPE “CC3DNonLinCementitious2SHCC” { E x { MU | POISSON | NY } x | { FT |
RT | F_T | R_T} x | { FC | RC | F_C | R_C} x | FIBER_VOLUME_FRACTION
x | FIBER_E_MODULUS x | FIBER_SHEAR_MODULUS x |
FIBER_CROSS_SECTION_FACTOR x | FIBER_DIAMETER x |
TENSION_SOFT_HARD_FUNCTION n | CHAR_SIZE_TENSION x |
X_LOC_TENSION x | CRACK_SPACING x | TENSION_STIFF x |
COMP_SOFT_HARD_FUNCTION x | CHAR_SIZE_COMP x | X_LOC_COMP
x | TENSILE_STRENGTH_RED_FUNCTION n | EXC x | BETA x | RHO x |
ALPHA x | FT_MULTIP x | SHEAR_FACTOR x | UNLOADING x |
IDEALISATION { 1D, PLANE_STRESS, PLANE_STRAIN,
AXISYMMETRIC, 3D} |DAMPING_MASS xM DAMPING_STIFF xK }+
ATENA Input File Format 107

This material is similar to the previous material 3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS2USER but it

includes features specific for modeling strain hardening cementitious composites or ultra-high
performance fiber reinforced cementitious composite materials (SHCC, UHPFRCC. The
parameters for this material model can be generated based on compressive cube strength of
concrete Rcu (see Table 66). This value should be specified in MPa and then transformed to
the current units. See ATENA theory manual for more detailed explanation of this material.

Table 70: Parameters for MATERIAL TYPE „CC3DNonLinCementitious2SHCC“. Suitable for

strain hardening cementitious composites or fiber reinforced cementitious composites

Parameter Description
Basic properties
E Elastic modulus.
Format: E x
Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number>
Default value: 27 x 103 f F / f l 2

MU, POISSON, NY Poisson’s ratio.

Format: MU x
Units: none
Acceptable range: <-1; 0.5)
Default value: 0.2
FT, RT, F_T, R_T Tensile strength
Format: FT x
Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: (0; -FC/2)
Default value: 4 f F / f l 2

FC , RC, F_C, R_C Compressive strength

Format: FC x
Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: <minimal real number; min(FC0, -2 FT))
Default value: -16 f F / f l 2

Fiber reinforcement
FIBER_VOLUME_FRA Volume fraction of the fibers.
CTION Format: FIBER_VOLUME_FRACTION x
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0;1>
108

Default value: 0.02

FIBER_E_MODULUS Young’s modulus of an individual fiber
Format: FIBER_E_MODULUS x
Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number>
Default value: 30 x 103 f F / f l 2

FIBER_SHEAR_MODU Shear modulus of an individual fiber

LUS Format: FIBER_SHEAR_MODULUS x
Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.15 x 103 f F / f l 2

FIBER_CROSS_SECTI Fiber cross-section shape correction factor

ON_FACTOR Format: FIBER_CROSS_SECTION_FACTOR x
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.9
FIBER_DIAMETER Fiber diameter
Format: FIBER_DIAMETER x
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.00004 fl

Tensile properties
TENSION_SOFT_ Index of the function defining the tensile hardening/softening
HARD_FUNCTION law. The horizontal axis represents strains and vertical axis
tensile strength, which should be normalized with respect to ft ' .

Format: TENSION_SOFT_HARD_FUNCTION n
Units: none
Acceptable range: <1;maximal int number>
Default value: none
Generation formula: default function should have the following
points.
( 0.000 ; 1.00 )
( 0.040 ; 1.25 )
ATENA Input File Format 109

( 0.115 ; 0.00 )
CHAR_SIZE_TENSION Characteristic size for which the various tensile functions are
valid.
Format: CHAR_SIZE_TENSION x
Units: l
Acceptable range: (0;maximal real number>
Default value: 0.08 fl
Generation formula: none
X_LOC_TENSION Strain value after, which the softening/hardening becomes
localized, and therefore adjustment based on element size is
needed.
Format: X_LOC_TENSION x
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0;maximal real number>
Default value: 0.04
Generation formula: none
CRACK_SPACING x Crack spacing – average distance between cracks after
localization. If zero crack spacing is assumed to be equal to
finite element size.
Units: l
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.0
TENSION_STIFF x Tension stiffening
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; 1>
Default value: 0.0
110

Compressive properties
COMP_SOFT_ Index of the function defining the tensile hardening/softening
HARD_FUNCTION law. The horizontal axis represents strains and vertical axis
compressive strength, which should be normalized with respect
to f c' .
Format: COMP_SOFT_HARD_FUNCTION n
Units: none
Acceptable range: <1;maximal int number>
Default value: none
Generation formula: default function should have the following
points.
( 0.000 ; 0.25 )
( 0.5*FC/E ; 0.80 )
( FC/E ; 1.00 )
( FC/E - 0.005 ; 0.00 )
Note: the x-values should be negative.
CHAR_SIZE_COMP Characteristic size for which the various compressive functions
are valid.
Format: CHAR_SIZE_COMP x
Units: l
Acceptable range: (0;maximal real number>
Default value: 0.15 fl

X_LOC_COMP Strain value after, which the softening/hardening becomes

localized, and therefore adjustment based on element size is
needed.
Format: X_LOC_COMP x
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0;-maximal real number>
Default value: -0.0006, i.e. FC/E
ATENA Input File Format 111

Tension-compression interaction
TENSILE_STRENGTH_ Index of the function defining the tensile strength reduction
RED_FUNCTION based on the compressive stress in other material directions.
The horizontal axis represents relative compressive stress
normalized with respect to f c' and the vertical axis the relative
reduction of the tensile strength with respect to ft ' .
Format: TENSILE_STRENGTH_RED_FUNCTION n
Units: none
Acceptable range: <1;maximal int number>
Default value: none
Generation formula: default function should have the following
points.
( 0.000 ; 1.00 )
( 1.000 ; 0.20 )
Miscellaneous properties
EXC Excentricity, defining the shape of the failure surface
Format: EXC x
Units:
Acceptable range: <0.5; 1.0>
Default value: 0.52
BETA Multiplier for the direction of the plastic flow.
Format: BETA x
Units:
Acceptable range: <minimal real number; maximal real
number>
Recommended range: (-2; 2)
Default value: 0.0
RHO Specific material density.
Format: RHO x
Units: M/l3
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.0023 f M / fl 3

ALPHA Coefficient of thermal expansion

Format ALPHA x
Units: 1/T
112

Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>

Default value: 0.000012
FIXED Fixed smeared crack model will be used.
Format: FIXED x
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; 1>
Default value: 1.25
FT_MULTIP x Multiplier for tensile strength in the plastic part of the fracture-
plastic model in order to ensure that plastic surface and fracture
surface intersect each other.
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; +>
Default value: 2.1
SHEAR_FACTOR x Shear factor that is used for the calculation of cracking shear
stiffness. This factor can be used to adjust any value calculated
by the SHCC model. Normally it is recommended to be set to
1.0.
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; +>
Default value: 1
UNLOADING x Unloading factor, which controls crack closure stiffness.
Acceptable range: <0; 1)
0 - unloading to origin (default)
0.9 - unloading direction parallel to the initial elastic stiffness
IDEALISATION Defines the idealisation if material model with higher dimension
is to be used in a finite element with lower dimension. For
instance in case a 3D model is to be used in 2D configuration.
Units: none
Acceptable range: { 1D, PLANE_STRESS,
PLANE_STRAIN, AXISYMMETRIC, 3D }
Default value: program tries to determine a suitable idealisation
based on the dimension of the material model and the dimension
of the finite element where it is used. So in most cases it is not
needed to use this command. In certain cases however the
program cannot determine correctly the idealisation to use, such
a case is for instance if a 3D model is to be used in 2D element.
Then it is necessary to directly specify if plane stress or strain
idealisation is to be used.
ATENA Input File Format 113

DAMPING_MASS xM Mass and stiffness damping factors specified for indiviual

DAMPING_STIFF xK element group. They overwrite the same factor set for the whole
structure by SET command .

3.6.2.7 Sub-command &3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS2FATIGUE

&3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS2FATIGUE:
TYPE “CC3DNonLinCementitious2Fatigue” { E x { MU | POISSON | NY } x | { FT
| RT | F_T | R_T} x | { FC | RC | F_C | R_C} x | { FC0 | RC0 | F_C0 | R_C0} x
| GF x | CRACK_SPACING x | TENSION_STIFF x | WD x | EPS_CP x |
EXC x | BETA x | RHO x | ALPHA x | FT_MULTIP x | SHEAR_FACTOR x |
UNLOADING x | BETA_FATIGUE x | KSI_FATIGUE x | IDEALISATION {
1D, PLANE_STRESS, PLANE_STRAIN, AXISYMMETRIC, 3D} |
DAMPING_MASS xM DAMPING_STIFF xK}+
This material is based on the CC3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS2 material, extended for
fatigue calculation. It has an additional parameter, BETA_FATIGUE. It also has additional
data attributes DAMAGE_FACTORS, FATIGUE_BASE_STRESS,
FATIGUE_CYCLES_TO_FAILURE, FATIGUE_MAX_FRACT_STRAIN. See ATENA
theory manual for more detailed description of this material. See the description of
FATIGUE_PARAMS for details on fatigue analysis parameters.

Table 71: &3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS2FATIGUE sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
Basic properties
Ex Elastic modulus.
Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number>
Default value: 30 x 103 f F / f l 2

Generation formula: E  (6000  15.5Rcu ) Rcu f F / f l 2

(this formula is valid only if Rcu is compressive cube
strength given as positive number in MPa.)
{ MU | POISSON | NY } x Poisson’s ratio.
Units: none
Acceptable range: <-1; 0.5)
Default value: 0.2
114

{ FT | RT | F_T | R_T} x Tensile strength

Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: (0; -FC/2)
Default value: 3 f F / f l 2
2

Generation formula: FT  0.24 R 3

cu f F / fl2

{ FC | RC | F_C | R_C} x Compressive strength

Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: <minimal real number; min(FC0, -2
FT))
Default value: -30 f F / f l 2

Generation formula: FC  0.85 Rcu f F / f l 2

Tensile properties
GF x Specific fracture energy
Units: F/l
Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.0001 f F / f l
Generation formula: GF  0.000025 FT
CRACK_SPACING x Crack spacing – average distance between cracks after
localization. If zero crack spacing is assumed to be equal
to finite element size.
Units: l
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.0
TENSION_STIFF x Tension stiffening
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; 1>
Default value: 0.0
Compressive properties
EPS_CP x Plastic strain at compressive strength.
Units: none
Acceptable range: <minimal real number; 0>
Default value: -0.001
Generation formula: FC/E
ATENA Input File Format 115

{ FC0 | F_C0 | RC0 | R_C0 } x Onset of non-linear behavior in compression.

Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: (FC,-2 FT)
Default value: -20 f F / f l 2
Generation formula: FC*2/3
WD x Critical compressive displacement
Units: l
Acceptable range: <minimal real number; 0)
Default value: -0.0005 fl
Miscellaneous properties
EXC x Eccentricity, defining the shape of the failure surface
Units:
Acceptable range: <0.5; 1.0>
Default value: 0.52
BETA x Multiplier for the direction of the plastic flow.
Units:
Acceptable range: <minimal real number; maximal real
number>
Recommended range: (-2; 2)
Default value: 0.0
RHO x Material density.
Units: M/l3
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.0023 f M / fl 3

ALPHA x Coefficient of thermal expansion

Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.000012
FIXED x Fixed smeared crack model will be used.
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; 1>
Default value: 0.25
FT_MULTIP x Multiplier for tensile strength in the plastic part of the
fracture-plastic model in order to ensure that plastic
surface and fracture surface intersect each other.
116

Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; +>
Default value: 2.1
SHEAR_FACTOR x Shear factor that is used for the calculation of cracking
shear stiffness. It is calculated as a multiple of the
corresponding minimal normal crack stiffness that is based
on the tensile softening law.
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; +>
Default value: 20
UNLOADING x Unloading factor, which controls crack closure stiffness.
Acceptable range: <0; 1)
0 - unloading to origin (default)
0.9 - unloading direction parallel to the initial elastic
stiffness
BETA_FATIGUE x Exponent for fatigue calculation.
Units: none
Acceptable range: (0; +>
Default value: 0.06
KSI_FATIGUE x Factor for fatigue damage calculation based on crack
opening and closing (COD).
When set to -1, it activates the trilinear stress based
damage evolution (and no COD based damage is
calculated).
Units: none
Acceptable range: (0; 1> or -1
Default value: 0.0001
IDEALISATION Defines the idealisation if material model with higher
dimension is to be used in a finite element with lower
dimension. For instance in case a 3D model is to be used
in 2D configuration.
Units: none
Acceptable range: { 1D, PLANE_STRESS,
PLANE_STRAIN, AXISYMMETRIC, 3D }
Default value: program tries to determine a suitable
idealisation based on the dimension of the material model
and the dimension of the finite element where it is used.
So in most cases it is not needed to use this command. In
ATENA Input File Format 117

certain cases however the program cannot determine

correctly the idealisation to use, such a case is for instance
if a 3D model is to be used in 2D element. Then it is
necessary to directly specify if plane stress or strain
idealisation is to be used.
DAMPING_MASS xM Mass and stiffness damping factors specified for indiviual
DAMPING_STIFF xK element group. They overwrite the same factor set for the
whole structure by SET command .

3.6.2.8 Sub-command &3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS3

&3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS3:
TYPE “CC3DNonLinCementitious3” { E x |{ MU | POISSON | NY } x | { FT | RT |
F_T | R_T} x |
{ FC | RC | F_C | R_C} x | GF x | CRACK_SPACING x |
TENSION_STIFFENING x |
EPS_VP x | { FC0 | RC0 | F_C0 | R_C0} x | SOFT_T x | EXC x | A x | B x | C x
| ORDER x | RHO x | ALPHA x | FT_MULT x | SHEAR_FACTOR x |
UNLOADING x | IDEALISATION { 1D, PLANE_STRESS,
PLANE_STRAIN, AXISYMMETRIC, 3D} | DAMPING_MASS xM
DAMPING_STIFF xK}+
This material is an advanced version of 3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS2 material that can
handle the increased deformation capacity of concrete under triaxial compression. It is
suitable for problems including confinement effects. The parameters for this material model
can be calibrated based on compressive cylinder strength of concrete. Recommended values
for various concrete compressive strengths are listed in the table after the parameter
descriptions.

Table 72: &3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS3 sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
Basic properties
Ex Elastic modulus
Units: MPa
Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number>
Recommended value : From table below
{ MU | POISSON | NY } x Poisson’s ratio (ν)
Units: none
Acceptable range: <-1; 0.5)
Recommended value : From table below
{ FT | RT | F_T | R_T} x Tensile strength (ft)
Units: MPa
Acceptable range: (0; -FC/2)
Recommended value : From table below
118

{ FC | RC | F_C | R_C} x Compressive strength (fc)

Units: MPa
Acceptable range: <minimal real number; min(FC0, -2
FT))
Default value: -30
Tensile properties
GF x Specific fracture energy (Gf)
Units: MN/m
Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number>
Recommended value : From table below
CRACK_SPACING x Crack spacing – average distance between cracks after
localization. If zero crack spacing is assumed to be
equal to finite element size.
Units: l
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.2
TENSION_STIFFENING x Tension stiffening parameter
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; 1>
Default value: 0.4
Compressive properties
EPS_VP x Plastic volumetric strain at maximum compressive
strength ( ε pv,t ).

Units: none
Acceptable range: <minimal real number; 0>
Recommended value : From table below Generation
formula: (FC/E) * (1-2*MU)
{ FC0 | F_C0 | RC0 | R_C0 } x Onset of non-linear behavior in compression (f )
co

Units: MPa
Acceptable range: (FC,-2 FT)
Recommended value : From table below
SOFT_T x Slope of softening curve t
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Recommended value : From table below
ATENA Input File Format 119

X_LOC_COMP Critical compressive displacement. Strain localization is

not used in this model and this value is fixed to 1.0.
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Recommended value : 1.0
Miscellaneous properties
EXC x Eccentricity (e), defining the shape of the failure surface
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0.5; 1.0>
Recommended value : From table below
Ax Plastic potential function parameters
Bx Units: none
Cx Acceptable range: any real number
Recommended value : From table below
ORDER x Polynomial order (n) of the plastic potential function
Units: none
Recommended value : 3
RHO x Material density.
Units: M/l3
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.0023 fM/ft3
ALPHA x Coefficient of thermal expansion
Units: 1/T
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.000012
FIXED x Fixed smeared crack model will be used
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; 1>
Default value: 0
FT_MULT x Multiplier (λt) for tensile strength in the plastic part of
the fracture-plastic model in order to ensure that plastic
surface and fracture surface intersect each other.
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; +>
Recommended value : From table below
120

SHEAR_FACTOR x Shear factor ( rg ) that is used for the calculation of

cracking shear stiffness. It is calculated as a multiple of
the corresponding minimal normal crack stiffness that is
based on the tensile softening law.
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 20
UNLOADING x Unloading factor, which controls crack closure stiffness.
Acceptable range: <0; 1)
0 - unloading to origin (default)
0.9 - unloading direction parallel to the initial elastic
stiffness
IDEALISATION Defines the idealisation if material model with higher
dimension is to be used in a finite element with lower
dimension. For instance in case a 3D model is to be
used in 2D configuration.
Units: none
Acceptable range: { 1D, PLANE_STRESS,
PLANE_STRAIN, AXISYMMETRIC, 3D }
Default value: program tries to determine a suitable
idealisation based on the dimension of the material
model and the dimension of the finite element where it
is used. So in most cases it is not needed to use this
command. In certain cases however the program cannot
determine correctly the idealisation to use, such a case is
for instance if a 3D model is to be used in 2D element.
Then it is necessary to directly specify if plane stress or
strain idealisation is to be used.
DAMPING_MASS xM Mass and stiffness damping factors specified for
DAMPING_STIFF xK indiviual element group. They overwrite the same factor
set for the whole structure by SET command.
Recommended values table :
FC 20 30 40 50 60 70
E 24377 27530 30011 32089 33893 35497
MU 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
FC -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70
FT 1.917 2.446 2.906 3.323 3.707 4.066
FT_MULT 1.043 1.227 1.376 1.505 1.619 1.722
EΧC 0.5281 0.5232 0.5198 0.5172 0.5151 0.5133
FC0 -4.32 -9.16 -15.62 -23.63 -33.14 -44.11
ATENA Input File Format 121

EPS_VP 4.92·10-4 6.54·10-4 8.00·10-4 9.35·10-4 1.06·10-3 1.18·10-3

SOFT_T 1.33·10-3 2.00·10-3 2.67·10-3 3.33·10-3 4.00·10-3 4.67·10-3
A 7.342177 5.436344 4.371435 3.971437 3.674375 3.43856
B -8.032485 -6.563421 -5.73549 -5.430334 -5.202794 -5.021407
C -3.726514 -3.25626 -3.055953 -2.903173 -2.797059 -2.719067
ORDER 3 3 3 3 3 3
GF 4.87·10-5 6.47·10-5 7.92·10-5 9.26·10-5 1.05·10-4 1.17·10-4

FC 80 90 100 110 120

E 36948 38277 39506 40652 41727
MU 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
FC -80 -90 -100 -110 -120
FT 4.405 4.728 5.036 5.333 5.618
FT_MULT 1.816 1.904 1.986 2.063 2.136
EΧC 0.5117 0.5104 0.5092 0.5081 0.5071
FC0 -56.50 -70.30 -85.48 -102.01 -114.00
EPS_VP 1.30·10 -3
1.41·10 -3
1.52·10 -3
1.62·10 -3
1.73·10-3
SOFT_T 5.33·10-3 6.00·10-3 6.67·10-3 7.33·10-3 8.00·10-3
A 3.245006 3.082129 2.942391 2.820644 2.713227
B -4.871993 -4.745867 -4.637358 -4.542587 -4.458782
C -2.659098 -2.611426 -2.572571 -2.540158 -2.512681
ORDER 3 3 3 3 3
GF 1.29·10-4 1.40·10-4 1.50·10-4 1.61·10-4 1.71·10-4

3.6.2.9 Sub-command &SBETAMATERIAL

&SBETAMATERIAL:
TYPE “CCSBETAMaterial” { E x | { MU | POISSON | NY } x |{ FT | RT | F_T | R_T}
x |{ FC | RC | F_C | R_C} x | GF x | WD x | EPS_C x | SHEAR x | ISOFT x |
C1 x | C2 x | C3 x | CSOFT x | COMPRED x | CD x | CS x | ROTATED
CRACKS | RHO x | ALPHA x | DAMPING_MASS xM DAMPING_STIFF xK
}+
The parameters for this material model can be generated based on compressive cube strength
of concrete Rcu (see Table 73). ). This value should be positive specified in MPa and then
transformed to the current units.

Table 73: &CCSBETAMATERIAL sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
Basic
Ex Elastic modulus.
Units: F/(l2)
122

Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number>

Default value: 30 x 103 f F / f l 2

Generation formula: E  (6000  15.5 Rcu ) Rcu f F / f l 2 (this

formula is valid only if Rcu is compressive cube strength given
as positive number in MPa.)
{ MU | POISSON | NY } Poisson’s ratio.
x
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; 0.5)
Default value: 0.2
{ FT | RT | F_T | R_T} x Tensile strength
Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number>
Default value: 3 f F / f l 2
2

Generation formula: FT  0.24 Rcu3 f F / f l 2

{ FC | RC | F_C | R_C} x Compressive strength

Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: <minimal real number; 0)
Default value: -30 f F / f l 2

Generation formula: FC  0.85 Rcu f F / f l 2

Tension
ISOFT x Type of tension softening.
Units: none
Acceptable range: <1.0;5.0>
1.0=Exponential
2.0=Linear
3.0=Local strain
4.0=SFRC
5.0=SFRC local strain
Default value: 1.0
Case ISOFT = 1.0 (Exponential)
GF x Specific fracture energy
Units: F/l
ATENA Input File Format 123

Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number>

Generation formula: GF  0.000025 FT
C1 x Softening parameter 1
Hidden
C2 x Softening parameter 2
Hidden
C3 x Softening parameter 3
Hidden
Case ISOFT = 2.0 (Linear)
GF x Specific fracture energy
Units: F/l
Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number>
Generation formula: GF  0.000025 FT
C1 x Softening parameter 1
Hidden
C2 x Softening parameter 2
Hidden
C3 x Softening parameter 3
Hidden
Case ISOFT = 3.0 (Local strain)
GF x Specific fracture energy
Hidden
C1 x Softening parameter 1
Hidden
C2 x Softening parameter 2
Hidden
C3 x Softening parameter 3
Units: none
Generation formula for minimum value: C30 = FT/E
Acceptable range: <C30; maximal real number>
Default value: C30
Case ISOFT = 4.0 (SFRC)
GF x Specific fracture energy
Units: F/l
124

Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number>

Generation formula: GF  0.00125 FT
C1 x Softening parameter 1
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; 2>
Default value: 1.
C2 x Softening parameter 2
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; 1>
Default value: 0.
C3 x Softening parameter 3
Hidden
Case ISOFT = 5.0 (SFRC local strain)
GF x Specific fracture energy
Hidden
C1 x Softening parameter 1
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; 2>
Default value: 1.
C2 x Softening parameter 2
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; 1>
Default value: 0.
C3 x Softening parameter 3
Units: none
Generation formula for minimum value: C30 = FT/E
Acceptable range: <C30; maximal real number>
Default value: C30
Compression
EPS_C x Compressive strain at compressive strength in the uniaxial
compressive test. Normally should be equal to 2*FC/E.
Units: none
Acceptable range: <minimal real number; 0)
Default value: 2*FC/E
ATENA Input File Format 125

COMPRED x Reduction of compressive strength due to cracks.

Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; 1>
Default value: 0.8
CSOFT x Type of compression softening.
Units: none
Acceptable range: <1.0;2.0>
1.0=Crush band
2.0=Softening modulus
Default value: 1.0
Case CSOFT = 1.0 (Crush band)
WD x Critical compressive displacement
Units: l
Acceptable range: <minimal real number; 0)
Default value: -0.0005 fl
CD x Compression softening parameter
Hidden
Case CSOFT = 2.0 (Softening modulus)
WD x Critical compressive displacement
Hidden
CD x Compression softening parameter
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.2
Shear
SHEAR x Shear retention factor. Could be fixed or variable.
Format for fixed shear retention factor: (Picture,
”MISC_Shear_Retention_Fixed.bmp”)
SHEAR FIXED x
Format for variable shear retention factor: (picture,
”MISC_Shear_Retention_Variable.bmp”)
SHEAR VARIABLE
Units: none
Acceptable range for fixed value: <0; 1.0>
Default value: VARIABLE
126

CS x Tension-compression interaction.
Units: none
Acceptable values: 0.2, 0.4, 0.6
0.6=Linear
0.4=Hyperbola A
0.2=Hyperbola B
Default value: 0.6 (Linear)
ROTATED CRACKS Activates rotated crack model. If not used fixed crack model is
considered.
Units: none
Acceptable range: none
Default value: not used
Miscellaneous
DAMPING_MASS xM Mass and stiffness damping factors specified for indiviual
DAMPING_STIFF xK element group. They overwrite the same factor set for the whole
structure by SET command .
RHO x Material density.
Units: M/l3
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.0023 f M / fl 3

ALPHA x Coefficient of thermal expansion.

Units: 1/T
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.000012

3.6.3 Elastic – Plastic materials

3.6.3.1 Sub-command &VON_MISES_PLASTICITY and

&DRUCKER_PRAGER_PLASTICITY
Syntax:
&VON_MISES_PLASTICITY:
TYPE “CC3DBiLinearSteelVonMises” { E x | { MU | POISSON | NY } x | YIELD
[STRENGTH] x | HARDENING [MODULUS ] x | {R x} | {K1 x} {K2 x}
RHO x | ALPHA x | IDEALISATION { 1D, PLANE_STRESS,
PLANE_STRAIN, AXISYMMETRIC, 3D} | DAMPING_MASS xM
DAMPING_STIFF xK }+
ATENA Input File Format 127

Table 74: &VON_MISES_PLASTICITY sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
Basic properties
Ex Elastic modulus.
Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number>
Default value: 210 x 103 f F / f l 2

{ MU | POISSON | NY } Poisson’s ratio.

x
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; 0.5)
Default value: 0.3
YIELD x Yield strength.
Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number>
Default value: 200 f F / f l 2

HARDENING x Hardening/softening modulus.

HARDENING MODULUS x
Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: <minimal real number; maximal real
number>
Default value: 0.0 f F / f l 2

Cycling behavior parameters

R Scaling of the initial yield surface. If equal to 0, no cycling
behavior is considered. For values greater than 0 Bauschinger
effect is included. If equal to 1.
Format: R x
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; 1>
Default value: 0.7 (0 – no Bauschinger effect considered)
K1 Bauschinger hardening slope
Format: K1 x
Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number)
Default value: 74 000 f F / f l 2
128

K2 Bauschinger memory
Format: K2 x
Units: none
Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number)
Default value: 1000
Miscellaneous properties
RHO x Material density.
Units: M/l3
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.00785 f M / fl 3

ALPHA x Coefficient of thermal expansion

Units: 1/T
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.000012
DAMPING_MASS xM Mass and stiffness damping factors specified for indiviual
DAMPING_STIFF xK element group. They overwrite the same factor set for the whole
structure by SET command .
IDEALISATION Defines the idealisation if material model with higher dimension
is to be used in a finite element with lower dimension. For
instance in case a 3D model is to be used in 2D configuration.
Units: none
Acceptable range: { 1D, PLANE_STRESS,
PLANE_STRAIN, AXISYMMETRIC, 3D }
Default value: program tries to determine a suitable idealisation
based on the dimension of the material model and the dimension
of the finite element where it is used. So in most cases it is not
needed to use this command. In certain cases however the
program cannot determine correctly the idealisation to use, such
a case is for instance if a 3D model is to be used in 2D element.
Then it is necessary to directly specify if plane stress or strain
idealisation is to be used.

Syntax:
&DRUCKER_PRAGER_PLASTICITY:
TYPE “CC3DDruckerPragerPlasticity” { E x | { MU | POISSON | NY } x K x |
ALPHA_DP x | WD x | BETA x | RHO x | ALPHA x | IDEALISATION
{ 1D, PLANE_STRESS, PLANE_STRAIN, AXISYMMETRIC, 3D} |
DAMPING_MASS xM DAMPING_STIFF xK}+
ATENA Input File Format 129

The parameters for this material model can be generated based on compressive and tensile
strength of the material R c and R t (see Table 75). These values should be specified in MPa
and then transformed to the current units.

Table 75: &DRUCKER_PRAGER_PLASTICITY sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
Basic properties
Ex Elastic modulus.
Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number>
Default value: 30 x 103 f F / f l 2

Generation formula: E  (6000  15.5 Rcu ) Rcu f F / f l 2 (this

formula is valid only if Rcu is compressive cube strength given
as positive number in MPa.)
{ MU | POISSON | NY } Poisson’s ratio.
x
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; 0.5)
Default value: 0.2
ALPHA_DP x Drucker-Prager criterion parameter
Units: none
Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.12
Generation formula:
Kx Drucker-Prager parameter k
Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.0 f F / f l 2

 1 
Generation formula: K  Rc   ALPHA_DP f F / f l 2
 3 
Compressive properties
WD x Critical compressive displacement
Units: l
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: -0.0005 fl
130

Miscellaneous properties
BETA x Multiplier for the direction of the plastic flow.
Units: none
Acceptable range: <minimal real number; maximal real
number>
Recommended range: (-2; 2)
Default value: 0.0
RHO x Material density.
Units: M/l3
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.0023 f M / fl 3

ALPHA x Coefficient of thermal expansion

Units: 1/T
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.000012
DAMPING_MASS xM Mass and stiffness damping factors specified for indiviual
DAMPING_STIFF xK element group. They overwrite the same factor set for the whole
structure by SET command .
IDEALISATION Defines the idealisation if material model with higher dimension
is to be used in a finite element with lower dimension. For
instance in case a 3D model is to be used in 2D configuration.
Units: none
Acceptable range: { 1D, PLANE_STRESS,
PLANE_STRAIN, AXISYMMETRIC, 3D }
Default value: program tries to determine a suitable idealisation
based on the dimension of the material model and the dimension
of the finite element where it is used. So in most cases it is not
needed to use this command. In certain cases however the
program cannot determine correctly the idealisation to use, such
a case is for instance if a 3D model is to be used in 2D element.
Then it is necessary to directly specify if plane stress or strain
idealisation is to be used.

3.6.4 User Material

3.6.4.1 Sub-command &USER_MATERIAL

Syntax:
&USER_MATERIAL :
ATENA Input File Format 131

TYPE { “CC3DUserMaterial” } { E x | {MU | POISSON | NY } x |

{UserParameterN} x | DAMPING_MASS xM DAMPING_STIFF xK}+

Table 76: &USER_MATERIAL sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
Basic properties (inherited from elastic material)
Ex Elastic modulus.
Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number>
Default value: 210 x 103 f F / f l 2

{MU | POISSON | NY } x Poisson’s ratio.

Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; 0.5)
Default value: 0.3
RHO x Material density.
Units: M/l3
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.00785 f M / fl 3

ALPHA x Coefficient of thermal expansion

Units: 1/T
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.000012
DAMPING_MASS xM Mass and stiffness damping factors specified for indiviual
DAMPING_STIFF xK element group. They overwrite the same factor set for the whole
structure by SET command .
Defines the idealisation if material model with higher
IDEALISATION dimension is to be used in a finite element with lower
dimension. For instance in case a 3D model is to be used in 2D
configuration.
Units: none
Acceptable range: { 1D, PLANE_STRESS, PLANE_STRAIN,
AXISYMMETRIC, 3D, SHELL, BEAM_3D,
MEMBRANE_AXI}
Default value: program tries to determine a suitable idealisation
based on the dimension of the material model and the
dimension of the finite element, where it is used. So in most
cases it is not needed to use this command. In certain cases,
however, the program cannot determine correctly the
132

idealisation to use. Such a case is for instance, if a 3D model is

to be used in 2D element. Then it is necessary to directly
specify if plane stress or strain idealisation is to be used.
Advanced properties
UserMaterialDLL The name of the user-provided dynamic link library (DLL)
"user_lib_name.dll" implementing the material model. Please note this parameter
has to be the first one because the others, except for those
inherited from the elastic material, are not be known to the
kernel until the user DLL is loaded.
User defined properties
{UserParameterN} x The acual parameter names are defined in the DLL provided by
the user. Only floating point parameters are supported.

3.6.5 Interface Material

3.6.5.1 Sub-command &INTERFACE_MATERIAL

Syntax:
&INTERFACE_MATERIAL :
TYPE { “CC2DInterface” | “CC3DInterface” } { {K_NN | KNN} x | {K_TT | KTT} x
| COHESION x | FRICTION x | { FT | RT | F_T | R_T} x
{TENSION_SOFT_HARD_FUNCTION n } |
{COHESION_SOFT_HARD_FUNCTION n } | K_NN_MIN x | K_TT_MIN x |
RESET_DISPLS 5 n TENSION_ELIPS n }+

Table 77: &INTERFACE_MATERIAL sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
Basic properties
{K_NN | KNN} x Normal stiffness. Units: F/l3
Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number>
Default value: 200 x 106 f F / f l 3

{K_TT | KTT} Tangential stiffness.

Units: F/l
Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number>
Default value: 200 x 106 f F / f l 3

{ FT | RT | F_T | R_T} x Tensile strength

Units: F/l3
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>

5
Available starting from ATENA version 4.3.1.
ATENA Input File Format 133

Default value: 0 f F / f l 2

COHESION x Cohesion.
Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.0 f F / f l 2

FRICTION x Friction coefficient. If zero, interface behaves like a no-tension

element and full contact in compression is assumed.
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.0
TENSION_SOFT_HAR Function which defines uniaxial relative stress-displacement
D_FUNCTION relationship. Relationship should be defined as a set of points
starting from (0; 0) and only positive values should be specified.
X-coordinates of this function mean normal displacement (units
l, range <0,maximal real number), Y-coordinates represent the
relative tensile strength with respect to FT (units NONE, range
<0;maximal real number))
Default function values:
X: 0.0; 0.0001
Y: 1.0; 0.0
Format: TENSION_SOFT_HARD_FUNCTION n
Units: none
Acceptable range: (1; maximal integer>
Default value: none, see command FUNCTION
COHESION_SOFT_HA Function which defines uniaxial relative stress-displacement
RD_FUNCTION relationship. Relationship should be defined as a set of points
starting from (0; 0) and only positive values should be specified.
X-coordinates of this function mean shear displacement (units l,
range <0,maximal real number), Y-coordinates represent the
relative tensile strength with respect to COHESION (units
NONE, range <0;maximal real number))
Default function values:
X: 0.0; 0.0001
Y: 1.0; 0.0
Format: COHESION_SOFT_HARD_FUNCTION n
Units: none
Acceptable range: (1; maximal integer>
134

Default value: none, see command FUNCTION

Miscellaneous properties
K_NN_MIN x Minimal normal stiffness for numerical purposes.
Units: F/l3
Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number>
Default value: K_NN / 1000
K_TT_MIN x Minimal tangential stiffness for numerical purposes.
Units: F/l3
Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number>
Default value: K_TT / 1000
RESET_DISPLS n For n>0 this flag forces realignment of the bottom (slave)
interface surface/lines of the gap element with respect to its top
(master) surface/line, (i.e. the top surface/line is glued to the
surrounding structure whilst the bottom surface/line is slipping).
This happens at the end of each step. For n<0 the above applies
in opposite way. For n=0 no realignment is carried out.
The top surface/line of the gap element is the surface/line,
whose nodal ids are entered firstly in the gap's incidences.
If n  1 , each slave node is given coordinates of its master
node. Consequently, this projection is suitable only for gap
elements with zero thickness.
If n  2 , slave nodal locations are calculated as the normal
projection of the corresponding master nodes into surface/line
defined by the deformed slave nodes.
If n  3 , slave nodal locations are set to coincide with the
corresponding master nodes and thereafter they are shifted in the
direction to the original position of the slave nodes surface/line.
The shift equals to the original gap thickness.
TENSION_ELIPS Flag for activating/deactivating the ellipsoidal shape of the
criterion in tension, i.e. for tensile normal stress.
Units: none
Acceptable range: -1 or 1
Default value: 1
If equal to 1, the elipse is used for the interface criterion in
tension connecting the pure cohesion point and pure tension
point. If <= 0 is specified, sharp corner is assumed in the
interface criterion at the stress value corresponding to tensile
strength.
ATENA Input File Format 135

3.6.6 Material Type for Reinforcement

3.6.6.1 Sub-commands &REINFORCEMENT,

&REINFORCEMENT_WITH_CYCLING_BEHAVIOR ,
&SMEARED_REINFORCEMENT and
&CIRCUMFERENTIAL_SMEARED_REINFORCEMENT
Syntax:
&REINFORCEMENT
TYPE “CCReinforcement” { E x | FUNCTION n | F_MULTIP x}+

Table 78: &REINFORCEMENT command parameters

Parameter Description
Basic properties
Ex Elastic modulus.
Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number>
Default value: 210 x 103 MPa
FUNCTION a Function which defines uniaxial stress-strain relationship.
Relationship should be defined as a set of points starting from
(0, 0) and only positive values should be specified. Same
relationship will be used in compression.
Units: none
Acceptable range: (1; maximal integer>
Default value: none, see command &FUNCTION.
RHO x Material density.
Units: M/l3
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.00785 f M / fl 3

ALPHA x Coefficient of thermal expansion

Units: 1/T
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.000012
F_MULTIP x Function multiplier. Can be used to scale the function defining
the stress-strain relationship.
Units: none
Acceptable range: (1; maximal real number>
Default value: 1.0
136

COMPRESSION x Compression flag. Can be used to deactivate the compressive

response of the reinforcement. 0 – reinforcement cannot carry
any compressive forces, but only tensile. 1 – reinforcement
works both in tension and compression.
Units: none
Acceptable range: 0 or 1
Default value: 1
Syntax:
&REINFORCEMENT_WITH_CYCLING_BEHAVIOR:
TYPE “CCCyclingReinforcement” { E x | FUNCTION n }+

Table 79: &REINFORCEMENT_WITH_CYCLING_BEHAVIOR sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
Basic properties
Ex Elastic modulus.
Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number>
Default value: 210 x 103 MPa
FUNCTION n Function which defines uniaxial stress-strain relationship.
Relationship should be defined as a set of points starting from
(0, 0) and only positive values should be specified. Same
relationship will be used in compression.
Units: none
Acceptable range: (1; maximal integer>
Default value: none, see command &FUNCTION
Rx Bauschinger effect exponent of Menegotto-Pinto model.
Units: none
Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number>
Default value: 20
C1 x Menegotto-Pinto model parameter
Units: none
Acceptable range: (0; 1)
Default value: 0.925
ATENA Input File Format 137

C2 x Menegotto-Pinto model parameter

Units: none
Acceptable range: (0; 1)
Default value: 0.15
RHO x Material density.
Units: M/l3
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.00785 f M / fl 3

ALPHA x Coefficient of thermal expansion

Units: 1/T
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.000012

&SMEARED_REINFORCEMENT
TYPE “CCSmearedReinf” { E x | FUNCTION n | RATIO x | DIRECTION x1 x2 [x3] | RHO x
| ALPHA x | F_MULTIP x }+

Table 80: &SMEARED_REINFORCEMENT command parameters

Parameter Description
Basic properties
Ex Elastic modulus.
Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number>
Default value: 210 x 103 MPa
FUNCTION a Function which defines uniaxial stress-strain relationship.
Relationship should be defined as a set of points starting from
(0, 0) and only positive values should be specified. Same
relationship will be used in compression.
Units: none
Acceptable range: (1; maximal integer>
Default value: none, see command &FUNCTION.
RATIO x Cross-sectional area ratio of the smeared reinforcement with
respect to the base material.
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0;1>
Default value: 0.01
138

DIRECTION x1 x2 [x3] Unit vector defining the smeared reinforcement direction. The
third component x3 is required in case of 3D analysis.
Units: l
Acceptable range: <minimal real; maximal real number>
Default value: 1 0 [0]
RHO x Material density.
Units: M/l3
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.00785 f M / fl 3

ALPHA x Coefficient of thermal expansion

Units: 1/T
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.000012
F_MULTIP x Function multiplier. Can be used to scale the function defining
the stress-strain relationship.
Units: none
Acceptable range: (1; maximal real number>
Default value: 1.0
COMPRESSION x Compression flag. Can be used to deactivate the compressive
response of the reinforcement. 0 – reinforcement cannot carry
any compressive forces, but only tensile. 1 – reinforcement
works both in tension and compression.
Units: none
Acceptable range: 0 or 1
Default value: 1
&CIRCUMFERENTIAL_SMEARED_REINFORCEMENT
TYPE “CCCircumferentialSmearedReinforcement” { E x | FUNCTION n | RATIO x | RHO x
| ALPHA x | F_MULTIP x }+

Table 81: & CIRCUMFERENTIAL_SMEARED_REINFORCEMENT command parameters

Parameter Description
Basic properties
Ex Elastic modulus.
Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number>
Default value: 210 x 103 MPa
ATENA Input File Format 139

FUNCTION a Function which defines uniaxial stress-strain relationship.

Relationship should be defined as a set of points starting from
(0, 0) and only positive values should be specified. Same
relationship will be used in compression.
Units: none
Acceptable range: (1; maximal integer>
Default value: none, see command &FUNCTION.
RATIO x Cross-sectional area ratio of the smeared reinforcement with
respect to the base material.
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0;1>
Default value: 0.01
RHO x Material density.
Units: M/l3
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.00785 f M / fl 3

ALPHA x Coefficient of thermal expansion

Units: 1/T
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.000012
F_MULTIP x Function multiplier. Can be used to scale the function defining
the stress-strain relationship.
Units: none
Acceptable range: (1; maximal real number>
Default value: 1.0

3.6.7 Material Type for Spring

3.6.7.1 Sub-command &SPRING

Syntax:
&SPRING:
TYPE “CCSpringMaterial” { K x | FUNCTION n | DAMPING_MASS xM
DAMPING_STIFF xK}+

Table 82: &SPRING sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
Basic properties
140

Kx Initial stiffness.
Units: F/l
Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number>
Default value: 1000.0
DAMPING_MASS xM Mass and stiffness damping factors specified for indiviual
DAMPING_STIFF xK element group. They overwrite the same factor set for the whole
structure by SET command .
FUNCTION n Function which defines uniaxial spring relationship.
Relationship should be defined as a set of points starting in
compression passing through (0, 0) and extending into tension. a
Units: none
Acceptable range: (1; maximal integer>
Default value: none, see command &FUNCTION

3.6.8 Microplane Material Type for Concrete

3.6.8.1 Sub-command &MICROPLANE

Syntax:
&MICROPLANE:
{ &MICROPLANE4 | &CCM4 | &CCM4R | &CCM4RC }
&MICROPLANE4
The following microplane based models are supported in ATENA material library:

Material models Description

&CCMICROPLANE4 Original version of the M4 microplane model for concrete
developed by Prof. Bazant and Dr. Cannera, (Northwestern
University, IL)
&CCM4 Enhanced version of the M5 developed by Prof. Bazant and Mr.
Zi, (Northwestern University, IL). This version is prepared for
being size independent (resulting in M5 model). A proper
calibration is currently in progress and will be added in ATENA as
soon as available.
&CCM4R Extension of the CCM4 material for analysis taking into the effect
of loading rate.
&CCM4RC Extension of the CCM4R material model that also accounts for the
effect of material creep and shrinkage.

&MICROPLANE4
ATENA Input File Format 141

TYPE “CCMicroplane4” { E x | NP n | K1 x | K2 x | K3 x | K4 x | BAND x |

IDEALISATION { 1D, PLANE_STRESS, PLANE_STRAIN,
AXISYMMETRIC, 3D} } C1 x C2 x … C21 x }+

Table 83: &MICROPLANE sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
Basic properties
Ex Elastic modulus.
Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number>
Default value: 30 x 103 f F / f l 2

Generation formula: E  (6000  15.5 Rcu ) Rcu f F / f l 2 (this

formula is valid only if Rcu is compressive cube strength given
as positive number in MPa.)
{MU | POISSON | NY } Poisson’s ratio.
x
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; 0.5)
Default value: 0.3
Special microplane parameters
NP i Number of microplanes
Units: None
Acceptable values: 21,28,37,61
Default value: 21
K1 x Microplane parameter k1.
Units: None
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 1.5 104
Generation formula: k1  0.1156 Rcu / E

K2 x Microplane parameter k2.

Units: None
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 500
K3 x Microplane parameter k3.
Units: None
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
142

Default value: 15
K4 x Microplane parameter k4.
Units: None
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 150
BAND x Crack band size.
Units: l
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.003 fl
Miscellaneous properties
RHO x Material density.
Units: M/l3
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.00785 f M / fl 3

ALPHA x Coefficient of thermal expansion

Units: 1/T
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.000012
IDEALISATION Defines the idealisation if material model with higher dimension
is to be used in a finite element with lower dimension. For
instance in case a 3D model is to be used in 2D configuration.
Units: none
Acceptable range: { 1D, PLANE_STRESS,
PLANE_STRAIN, AXISYMMETRIC, 3D }
Default value: program tries to determine a suitable idealisation
based on the dimension of the material model and the dimension
of the finite element where it is used. So in most cases it is not
needed to use this command. In certain cases however the
program cannot determine correctly the idealisation to use, such
a case is for instance if a 3D model is to be used in 2D element.
Then it is necessary to directly specify if plane stress or strain
idealisation is to be used.
C1, C2, C3, …. C21 Microplane internal parameters. Program contains default values
for these parameters, but the expert users or users familiar with
the original work can modify them directly in order to obtain a
better fit with experimental data.
Syntax:
ATENA Input File Format 143

Cx x
Default values: (see theory manual for details)
c1 =6.20e-1 Normal bound. param.
c2 =2.76 Normal bound. param.
c3 =4.00 Normal plasticity (EB_N)
c4 =70.00 Strain ratio: normal/vol
c5 =2.50 Tens. dev. bound. param.
c6 =1.30 Comp. dev. bound. yield
c7 =50.00 Deviatoric plasticity (EB_D)
c8 =8.00 Compressive strength (FCP)
c9 =1.30 Dev. bound. param.
c10 =7.30e-1 Fric.b. initial slope
c11 =2.00e-1 Fric.b.\sig_N inter.@\sig_V=0
c12 =7.00e+3 Fric.b.Speed\sig_N goes zero
c13 =2.30e-1 Tensile vol.b. vert. scalar
c14 =8.00e-1 Tensile vol.b. slope
c15 =1.00 Tensile vol.b. horiz. yield
c16 =2.00e-2 Unl. volumetric coeff.
c17 =1.00e-2 Unl. volumetric coeff.
c18 =1.000 Tensile vol.b. unload.coeff
c19 =0.40 Unloading slope interpolator
c20 =14.00e-2 Residual strength
c21 =0.990 Unloading slope Int. in tens
&CCM4:
TYPE “CCM4” {&CCM4Params}+

&CCM4Params:
{ E x | Nplane n | K1 x | K2 x | K3 x | K4 x | ES0 x | VA x | FC x | TSH x | PSI x |
ETA_V x | ETA_D x | ETA_N x | MY_U1 x | IDEALISATION { 1D,
PLANE_STRESS, PLANE_STRAIN, AXISYMMETRIC, 3D}

Table 84: &CCM4Params sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
Basic properties
Ex Elastic modulus.
Units: F/(l2)
Acceptable range: (0; maximal real number>
144

Default value: 30 x 103 f F / f l 2

Generation formula: E  (6000  15.5 Rcu ) Rcu f F / f l 2 (this

formula is valid only if Rcu is compressive cube strength given
as positive number in MPa.)
{MU | POISSON | NY } Poisson’s ratio.
x
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; 0.5)
Default value: 0.3
Special microplane parameters
Nplane i Number of microplanes
Units: None
Acceptable values: 21,28,37,61
Default value: 28
K1 x Microplane parameter k1.
Units: None
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 1.65 104
Generation formula: k1  0.1156 Rcu / E

K2 x Microplane parameter k2.

Units: None
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 160
K3 x Microplane parameter k3.
Units: None
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 6.4
K4 x Microplane parameter k4.
Units: None
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 450
Shrinkage related parameters
ES0 x Ultimate shrinkage of thin cement paste on humidity=0.4.
Units: None
ATENA Input File Format 145

Default value: 0.00377

VA x Volume fraction of aggregate.
Units: None
Default value: 0.8
FC x Reference compressive strength in [MPa].
Units: MPa
Default value: 39.42 MPa
TSH x The time when shrinkage started in [days]
Units: days
Default value: 28
M5 related extra parameters (related to the material point size)
PSI x Ratio of the characteristic size of the material to the size of the
current element.
Units: None
Default value: 1
ETA_V x the ratio of the vertical line which approximates fracture affinity
to epsilon plastic
Units: None
Default value: 1
ETA_D x affinity scaling factor for the deviatoric stress boundary
Units: None
Default value: 1
ETA_N x affinity scaling factor for the normal stress boundary
Units: None
Default value: 1
MY_U1 x the ratio between ET and ED
Units: None
Default value: 1
Miscellaneous properties
RHO x Material density.
Units: M/l3
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.00785 f M / fl 3

ALPHA x Coefficient of thermal expansion

146

Units: 1/T
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.000012
IDEALISATION Defines the idealisation if material model with higher dimension
is to be used in a finite element with lower dimension. For
instance in case a 3D model is to be used in 2D configuration.
Units: none
Acceptable range: { 1D, PLANE_STRESS,
PLANE_STRAIN, AXISYMMETRIC, 3D }
Default value: program tries to determine a suitable idealisation
based on the dimension of the material model and the dimension
of the finite element where it is used. So in most cases it is not
needed to use this command. In certain cases however the
program cannot determine correctly the idealisation to use, such
a case is for instance if a 3D model is to be used in 2D element.
Then it is necessary to directly specify if plane stress or strain
idealisation is to be used.

&CCM4R:
TYPE “CCM4R” { &CCM4RParams | &CCM4Params }+

&CCM4RParams:
{ REF_TEMPER x | QR x | CR0 x | CR2 x }

Table 85: &CCM4RParams sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
REF_TEMPER x Reference temperature.
Units: 0C
Default value: 25 0C
QR x Activation energy constant.
Units: 0 K
Default value: 1000 0 K
CR0 x Boundary rate shape CR0 constant.
1
Units:
sec
Default value: 106 sec1 6.4
ATENA Input File Format 147

K4 x Boundary rate shape CR2 constant.

1
Units:
sec
Default value: 8.5 E 3

&CCM4RC:
TYPE “CCM4R” { &CCM4RCParams | &CCM4RParams | &CCM4Params }+

&CCM4RCParams:
{ TIME0 x | HUMIDITY0 x | TEMPERATURE0 | TAU1 x |
NUMBER_MAXWELL n | Q1 x | Q2 x | Q3 x | Q4
x | WC x | CC x | AC x | C x | C1 x | CREEP_DEGREE x | VOLUME_POW x |
LAMBDA0 x }

Table 86: &CCM4RCParams sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
TIME0 x Initial time.
Units: Days
Default value: 28 days
TEMPERATURE Material initial temperature
Units: 0C
Default value: 25 0C
HUMIDITY Material initial humidity.
Units: None
Default value: 0.94
TAU1 x Te smallest relaxation time.
Units: days
Default value: 1.E-6 days
NUMBER_MAXWELL Number of Maxwell or Kelvin units
n
Units: None
Default value: 14
Q1 x Creep parameter Q1, (refer to Bazant & Baweja Model B3). If
negative, the parameter is estimated according to the above
mentioned creep model.
1
Units:
MPa
Default value: -1
148

Q2 x Creep parameter Q2, (refer to Bazant & Baweja Model B3). If

negative, the parameter is estimated according to the above
mentioned creep model.
1
Units:
MPa
Default value: -1
Q3 x Creep parameter Q3, (refer to Bazant & Baweja Model B3). If
negative, the parameter is estimated according to the above
mentioned creep model.
1
Units:
MPa
Default value: -1
Q4 x Creep parameter Q4, (refer to Bazant & Baweja Model B3). If
negative, the parameter is estimated according to the above
mentioned creep model.
1
Units:
MPa
Default value: -1
WC x Water cement ratio.
Units: None
Default value: 0.4
CC x Cement content.
kg
Units:
m3
kg
Default value: 100
m3
AC x Aggregate cement ratio.
Units: None
Default value: 7.
C x Proportionality constant between viscosity and microprestress
1
Units:
MPa 2 day
1
Default value: 1.E 8
MPa 2 day
ATENA Input File Format 149

C1 x Proportionality constant in computing the change of capillary

tension
MPa
Units: 0
K
MPa
Default value: 4. 0
K
CREEP_DEGREE x Degree of creep function.
Units: None
Default value: 0.04
VOLUME_POW x The power of volume fraction.
Units: [None]
Default value: 0.5
LAMBDA0 x Slope of creep function.
Units: None
Default value: 1

3.6.9 &Creep Materials

The creep material definition includes a model for short-term material properties and a model
for their variation in time. The former model is called BASE material model, while the latter
one is CREEP model. The base model can be any material model that is written in
incremental form. Models written in total formulation are not compatible with creep analysis.
SHORT_TERM_MATERIAL_DATA entry comprises all short-term material parameters
listed in a section describing the short-term material (starting with short tem material type
name in quotes).
Syntax:
&CREEP_MATERIAL:
TYPE {&CCModelB3_DATA | &CCModelB3Improved_DATA |
&CCModelBP_KX_Data | &CCModelCEB_FIP78_DATA |
&CCModelACI78_DATA | &CCModelCSN731202_DATA |
&CCModelBP1_DATA | &CCModelBP2_DATA | &CCModelGeneral_DATA |
&CCModelFIB_MC2010_DATA | &CCModelEN1992_DATA } BASE [ {TYPE
| MATERIAL} ] "short_term_material_type_name"
SHORT_TERM_MATERIAL_DATA

The parameter BASE contains material type to be used for the short term material model. See

Table 55 for more information about the available material models for this parameter. After
that the parameters of the short term material will follow.
150

3.6.9.1 Sub-command &CCModelB3_DATA

&CCModelB3_DATA
CCModelB3 { CONCRETE concrete_type | THICKNESS thick | FCYL28 fcyl28 | E28
e28 | HUMIDITY humidity | DENSITY density | AC ac | WC wc | [SHAPE]
FACTOR sfactor | {WATER | AIR | STEAM} [CURING] | [END] [OF]
[CURING] TIME endcuring | TOTAL_LOSS total_water_loss | {LOAD |
CURRENT} [TIME] time | {LOSS | SHRINKAGE | COMPLIANCE}
measured_val }+

Table 87: & CCModelB3 sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
CONCRETE Type of concrete. Only type 1 and 3 are supported for static and
concrete_type types 1-4 for transport analysis. More information available in
the Atena Theory Manual.
Default value: 1
THICKNESS thick Ratio volume [m3] / surface area [m2] of cross section. For long
elements it is approximately cross sectional area [m2] / perimeter
[m].
Default value: 0.0767 [m].
FCYL28 fcyl28 Cylindrical material strength in compression [kPa].
Default value: 35100 [kPa].
E28 e28 Short-term material Young modulus at 28 days, i.e. inverse
compliance at 28.01 days loaded at 28 days [kPa].
Default value: calculated from fcyl28.
HUMIDITY humidity Ambient relative humidity (0.3...1).
Default value: 0.780
DENSITY density Concrete density [kg/m3].
Default value: 2125. [kg/m3].
AC ac Total aggregate/cement ratio.
Default value: 7.04
WC wc Water/cement ratio.
Default value: 0.63
[SHAPE] FACTOR Cross section shape factor. It should be 1, 1.15, 1.25, 1.3, 1.55
sfactor for slab, cylinder, square prism, sphere, cube, respectively.
Default value 1.25
{WATER | AIR | Curing conditions, either under in water or air under normal
STEAM} [CURING] temperature conditions (WATER | AIR) or steam condition
(=STEAM).
ATENA Input File Format 151

Default value: AIR

[END] [OF] [CURING] Time at beginning of drying, i.e. end of curing. [days].
TIME endcuring Default value: 7 [days].
TOTAL_LOSS Total water loss (at zero humidity and infinite time).
total_water_loss
Default: 0 [kg]
{LOAD | CURRENT} Current or load time for the subsequent measured value.
[TIME] time Default: 0 [days]
{LOSS | SHRINKAGE | Measured water loss (at current humidity) | shrinkage | material
COMPLIANCE} compliance measured_val for previously specified load and
measured_val current time. Units of water loss must correspond to units of
total_water_loss , shrinkage is dimension-less and compliance is
input in kPa-1.

3.6.9.2 Sub-command &CCModelB3Improved_Data

&CCModelB3Improved_Data
CCModelB3Improved { CONCRETE concrete_type | THICKNESS thick | FCYL28
f cyl ,28 f f G
| E28 E28 | FCYL0_28 cyl 0,28 | FT28 t ,28 | GF28 f ,28 | ALPHA  |
HUMIDITY humidity | DENSITY density | AC ac | WC wc | [SHAPE]
FACTOR sfactor | {WATER | AIR | STEAM} [CURING] | [END] [OF]

[CURING] TIME endcuring | EPS_A_INF a , | TAU_A  a | TIME_S ts |
h
H_A_INF a , | TOTAL_LOSS total_water_loss | {LOAD | CURRENT} [TIME]
time | {LOSS | SHRINKAGE | COMPLIANCE} measured_val { HISTORY
[TIME] time [HUMIDITY] humid [TEMPERATURE] temper }+ }+

Table 88: & CCModelB3Improved sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
CONCRETE Type of concrete. Only type 1 and 3 are supported.
concrete_type
Default value: 1
THICKNESS thick Ratio volume [m3] / surface area [m2] of cross section. For long
elements it is approximately cross sectional area [m2] / perimeter
[m].
Default value: 0.0767 [m].
FCYL28 f cyl ,28 Cylindrical material strength in compression f cyl (28 days ) . This
value is crucial for the creep model's prediction, i.e. prediction
of material compliance (t , t ') and cylindrical compression
strength f cyl (t ) , shrinkage etc. The ratio of f cyl (t ) / f cyl (28 days )
152

may be used for overiding short f cyl , ft , G f . Note that material

compliance/rigidity is overwritten always.
Default value: 35100 [kPa].
FCYL0_28 f cyl 0,28 The parameter f cyl 0 (28 days ) . If specified, it is used to calculate
f cyl 0 (t ) and overide the corresponding value in the base
material. Othewise, the value in the base material remains
unchanged.
Default value: 0 [MPa]
GF28 G f ,28 The parameter fracture energy G f (28 days ) . If specified, it is
used to calculate G f (t ) and overide the corresponding value in
the base material. Othewise, the value in the base material
remains unchanged.
Default value: 0 [MPa]
FT28 ft ,28 The parameter tensile strength ft (28 days ) . If specified, it is
used to calculate ft (t ) and overide the corresponding value in
the base material. Othewise, the value in the base material
remains unchanged.
Default value: 0 [MPa]
E28 E28 Short-term material Young modulus at 28 days, i.e. inverse
compliance at 28.01 days loaded at 28 days [kPa]. It is used by
the creep model to predict material compliance (t , t ') . If
unspecified, the model calculates its value based on fcyl28.
Default value: calculated from fcyl28.
ALPHA  Coefficient of thermal expansion to be used for calculation
 t (T ) within the creep material.
Default value: 0
HUMIDITY humidity Ambient relative humidity (0.3…1).
Default value: 0.780
DENSITY density Concrete density [kg/m3].
Default value: 2125. [kg/m3].
AC ac Total aggregate/cement ratio.
Default value: 7.04
WC wc Water/cement ratio.
Default value: 0.63
[SHAPE] FACTOR Cross section shape factor. It should be 1, 1.15, 1.25, 1.3, 1.55
sfactor for slab, cylinder, square prism, sphere, cube, respectively.
Default value 1.25
ATENA Input File Format 153

{WATER | AIR | Curing conditions, either under in water or air under normal
STEAM} [CURING] temperature conditions (WATER | AIR) or steam condition
(=STEAM).
Default value: AIR
[END] [OF] [CURING] Time at beginning of drying, i.e. end of curing. [days].
TIME endcuring Default value: 7 [days].
TOTAL_LOSS Total water loss (at zero humidity and infinite time).
total_water_loss
Default: 0 [kg]
{LOAD | CURRENT} Current or load time for the subsequent measured value.
[TIME] time Default: 0 [days]
{LOSS | SHRINKAGE | Measured water loss (at current humidity) | shrinkage | material
COMPLIANCE} compliance measured_val for previously specified load and
measured_val current time. Units of water loss must correspond to units of
total_water_loss , shrinkage is dimension-less and compliance is
input in kPa-1.
{ HISTORY [TIME] For each entry of material history the data time , temper and
time [HUMIDITY] humid must be input. If the data keywords are used, then it
humid doesn’t matter in which order the 3 data are input. Otherwise the
[TEMPERATURE] indicated order is assumed. The units are days, degrees Celsius
temper }+ and dimension less humidity (in interval 0.3..1).
EPS_A_INF  a , Autogenous shrinkage at infinity time, (typically negative!).
Default value= -0.
TAU_A  a Half-time of autogenous shrinkage. Default value =30 days

TIME_S ts Time of final set of cement. Default value=5 days.

H_A_INF ha , Final self-desiccation relatibe humidity. Default value=0.8

3.6.9.3 Sub- command &CCModelFIB_MC2010_DATA

&CCModelFIB_MC2010_DATA
CCModelFIB_MC2010 { CEMENT_CLASS { 32.5N | 32.5R | 42.5N | 42.5R | 52.5N |
52.5R } | AGGREAGETE { BASALTDENSELIMESTONE | QUARTZITE |
LIMESTONE | SANDSTONE | LIGHTWEIGHTSANDSTONE } |
THICKNESS thick | FCYL28 f cyl ,28 | E28 E28 | FCYL0_28 f cyl 0,28 | FT28 ft ,28 |
GF28 G f ,28 | ALPHA  | HUMIDITY humidity | DENSITY density | [END]
[OF] [CURING] TIME endcuring | {LOAD | CURRENT} [TIME] time | {
SHRINKAGE | COMPLIANCE} measured_val { HISTORY [TIME] time
[HUMIDITY] humid [TEMPERATURE] temper }+ }+
154

Table 89: &CCModelFIB_MC2010 sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
CEMENT_CLASS { Type of cement, see e.g. http://www.cis.org.rs/en/cms/about-
32.5N | 32.5R | 42.5N | cement/standardization-of-cement :
42.5R | 52.5N | 52.5R } Strength classes of cement
Cements are according to standard strength grouped into three
classes, they being:
• Class 32,5
• Class 42,5
• Class 52,5
Three classes of early strength are defined for each class of
standard strength:
• Class with ordinary early strength – N
• Class with high early strength – R
• Class with low early strength – L
Class L can be applied only on CEM III cements.
 

Default value: class_42_5N

AGGREAGETE { Type of aggregate. Note that light weight concrete is detected
BASALTDENSELIMES for concrete with density below 2000kg/m3 and some aditional
TONE | QUARTZITE | meassures are taken for LIGHTWEIGHTSANDSTONE
LIMESTONE | aggregate.
SANDSTONE |
LIGHTWEIGHTSANDS
TONE } Default value: QUARTZITE
THICKNESS thick Ratio volume [m3] / surface area [m2] of cross section. For long
elements it is approximately cross sectional area [m2] / perimeter
[m].
Default value: 0.0767 [m].
FCYL28 f cyl ,28 Cylindrical material strength in compression f cyl (28 days ) . This
value is crucial for the creep model's prediction, i.e. prediction
of material compliance  (t , t ') and cylindrical compression
strength f cyl (t ) , shrinkage etc. The ratio of f cyl (t ) / f cyl (28 days )
may be used for overiding short f cyl , ft , G f . Note that material
compliance/rigidity is overwritten always.
Default value: 35100 [kPa].
FCYL0_28 f cyl 0,28 The parameter f cyl 0 (28 days ) . If specified by a positive value,
this value is used to calculate f cyl 0 (t ) and overide the
corresponding value in the base material. If it is specified as any
negative value, f cyl 0 (28 days ) is calculated by FIB_MC2010
based on f cyl (28 days) . Othewise, the value in the base material
ATENA Input File Format 155

remains unchanged.
Default value: 0 [MPa]
GF28 G f ,28 The parameter fracture energy G f (28 days ) . If specified by a
positive value, this value is to calculate G f (t ) and overide the
corresponding value in the base material. . If it is specified as
any negative value, G f (28 days ) is calculated by FIB_MC2010
based on f cyl (28 days) . Othewise, the value in the base material
remains unchanged.
Default value: 0 [MPa]
FT28 ft ,28 The parameter tensile strength ft (28 days ) . If specified by a
positive value, this value is used to calculate ft (t ) and overide
the corresponding value in the base material. If it is specified as
any negative value, ft (28 days ) is calculated by FIB_MC2010
based on f cyl (28 days) . Othewise, the value in the base material
remains unchanged.
Default value: 0 [MPa]
E28 E28 Short-term material Young modulus at 28 days, i.e. inverse
compliance at 28.01 days loaded at 28 days [kPa]. It is used by
the creep model to predict material compliance  (t , t ') . If
unspecified, the model calculates its value based on fcyl28.
Default value: calculated from fcyl28.
ALPHA  Coefficient of thermal expansion to be used for calculation
 t (T ) within the creep material.
Default value: 0
HUMIDITY humidity Ambient relative humidity (0.3…1).
Default value: 0.780
DENSITY density Concrete density [kg/m3].
Default value: 2125. [kg/m3].
[END] [OF] [CURING] Time at beginning of drying, i.e. end of curing. [days].
TIME endcuring Default value: 7 [days].
{LOAD | CURRENT} Current or load time for the subsequent measured value.
[TIME] time Default: 0 [days]
{ SHRINKAGE | Measured shrinkage | material compliance measured_val for
COMPLIANCE} previously specified load and current time. Units of water loss
measured_val must correspond to units of total_water_loss , shrinkage is
dimension-less and compliance is input in kPa-1.
{ HISTORY [TIME] For each entry of material history the data time , temper and
time [HUMIDITY] humid must be input. If the data keywords are used, then it
156

humid doesn’t matter in which order the 3 data are input. Otherwise the
[TEMPERATURE] indicated order is assumed. The units are days, degrees Celsius
temper }+ and dimension less humidity (in interval 0.3..1).

3.6.9.4 Sub-command &CCModelEN1992_DATA

&CCModelEN1992_DATA
CCModel EN1992 { CEMENT_CLASS { 32.5N | 32.5R | 42.5N | 42.5R | 52.5N |
52.5R } | AGGREAGETE { BASALTDENSELIMESTONE | QUARTZITE |
LIMESTONE | SANDSTONE | LIGHTWEIGHTSANDSTONE } |
THICKNESS thick | FCYL28 f cyl ,28 | E28 E28 | FCYL0_28 f cyl 0,28 | FT28 ft ,28 |
GF28 G f ,28 | ALPHA  | HUMIDITY humidity | DENSITY density | [END]
[OF] [CURING] TIME endcuring | {LOAD | CURRENT} [TIME] time | {
SHRINKAGE | COMPLIANCE} measured_val { HISTORY [TIME] time
[HUMIDITY] humid [TEMPERATURE] temper }+ }+

Table 90: &CCModelEN1992 sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
CEMENT_CLASS { Type of cement, see e.g. http://www.cis.org.rs/en/cms/about-
32.5N | 32.5R | 42.5N | cement/standardization-of-cement :
42.5R | 52.5N | 52.5R } Strength classes of cement
Cements are according to standard strength grouped into three
classes, they being:
• Class 32,5
• Class 42,5
• Class 52,5
Three classes of early strength are defined for each class of
standard strength:
• Class with ordinary early strength – N
• Class with high early strength – R
• Class with low early strength – L
Class L can be applied only on CEM III cements.
 

Default value: class_42_5N

AGGREAGETE { Type of aggregate. Note that light weight concrete is detected
BASALTDENSELIMES for concrete with density below 2000kg/m3 and some aditional
TONE | QUARTZITE | meassures are taken for LIGHTWEIGHTSANDSTONE
LIMESTONE | aggregate.
SANDSTONE |
LIGHTWEIGHTSANDS
TONE } Default value: QUARTZITE
THICKNESS thick Ratio volume [m3] / surface area [m2] of cross section. For long
ATENA Input File Format 157

elements it is approximately cross sectional area [m2] / perimeter

[m].
Default value: 0.0767 [m].
FCYL28 f cyl ,28 Cylindrical material strength in compression f cyl (28 days ) . This
value is crucial for the creep model's prediction, i.e. prediction
of material compliance  (t , t ') and cylindrical compression
strength f cyl (t ) , shrinkage etc. The ratio of f cyl (t ) / f cyl (28 days )
may be used for overiding short f cyl , ft , G f . Note that material
compliance/rigidity is overwritten always.
Default value: 35100 [kPa].
FCYL0_28 f cyl 0,28 The parameter f cyl 0 (28 days ) . If specified by a positive value,
this value is used to calculate f cyl 0 (t ) and overide the
corresponding value in the base material. If it is specified as any
negative value, f cyl 0 (28 days ) is calculated by FIB_MC2010
based on f cyl (28 days) . Othewise, the value in the base material
remains unchanged.
Default value: 0 [MPa]
GF28 G f ,28 The parameter fracture energy G f (28 days ) . If specified by a
positive value, this value is to calculate G f (t ) and overide the
corresponding value in the base material. . If it is specified as
any negative value, G f (28 days ) is calculated by FIB_MC2010
based on f cyl (28 days) . Othewise, the value in the base material
remains unchanged.
Default value: 0 [MPa]
FT28 ft ,28 The parameter tensile strength ft (28 days ) . If specified by a
positive value, this value is used to calculate ft (t ) and overide
the corresponding value in the base material. If it is specified as
any negative value, ft (28 days ) is calculated by FIB_MC2010
based on f cyl (28 days ) . Othewise, the value in the base material
remains unchanged.
Default value: 0 [MPa]
E28 E28 Short-term material Young modulus at 28 days, i.e. inverse
compliance at 28.01 days loaded at 28 days [kPa]. It is used by
the creep model to predict material compliance (t , t ') . If
unspecified, the model calculates its value based on fcyl28.
Default value: calculated from fcyl28.
ALPHA  Coefficient of thermal expansion to be used for calculation
 t (T ) within the creep material.
158

Default value: 0
HUMIDITY humidity Ambient relative humidity (0.3…1).
Default value: 0.780
DENSITY density Concrete density [kg/m3].
Default value: 2125. [kg/m3].
[END] [OF] [CURING] Time at beginning of drying, i.e. end of curing. [days].
TIME endcuring Default value: 7 [days].
{LOAD | CURRENT} Current or load time for the subsequent measured value.
[TIME] time Default: 0 [days]
{ SHRINKAGE | Measured shrinkage | material compliance measured_val for
COMPLIANCE} previously specified load and current time. Units of water loss
measured_val must correspond to units of total_water_loss , shrinkage is
dimension-less and compliance is input in kPa-1.
{ HISTORY [TIME] For each entry of material history the data time , temper and
time [HUMIDITY] humid must be input. If the data keywords are used, then it
humid doesn’t matter in which order the 3 data are input. Otherwise the
[TEMPERATURE] indicated order is assumed. The units are days, degrees Celsius
temper }+ and dimension less humidity (in interval 0.3..1).

3.6.9.5 Sub-command &CCModelBP_KX_DATA

&CCModelBP_KX_DATA
CCModelBP_KX { CONCRETE concrete_type | THICKNESS thick | FCYL28 fcyl28
| E28 e28 | HUMIDITY humidity | DENSITY density | AC ac | WC wc |
[SHAPE] FACTOR sfactor | {WATER | AIR | STEAM} [CURING] | [END]
[OF] [CURING] TIME endcuring | {LOAD | CURRENT} [TIME] time |
{SHRINKAGE | COMPLIANCE} measured_val { HISTORY [TIME] time
[HUMIDITY] humid [TEMPERATURE] temper }+ }+

Table 91: & CCModelBP_KX sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
CONCRETE Type of concrete. Only type 1 and 3 are supported.
concrete_type
Default value: 1
THICKNESS thick Ratio volume [m3] / surface area [m2] of cross section. For long
elements it is approximately cross sectional area [m2] / perimeter
[m].
Default value: 0.0767 [m].
FCYL28 fcyl28 Cylindrical material strength in compression [kPa].
Default value: 35100 [kPa].
ATENA Input File Format 159

E28 e28 Short-term material Young modulus at 28 days, i.e. inverse

compliance at 28.01 days loaded at 28 days [kPa].
Default value: calculated from fcyl28.
HUMIDITY humidity Ambient relative humidity (0.3...1).
Default value: 0.780
DENSITY density Concrete density [kg/m3].
Default value: 2125. [kg/m3].
AC ac Total aggregate/cement ratio.
Default value: 7.04
WC wc Water/cement ratio.
Default value: 0.63
[SHAPE] FACTOR Cross section shape factor. It should be 1, 1.15, 1.25, 1.3, 1.55
sfactor for slab, cylinder, square prism, sphere, cube, respectively.
Default value 1.25
{WATER | AIR | Curing conditions, either under in water or air under normal
STEAM} [CURING] temperature conditions (WATER | AIR) or steam condition
(=STEAM).
Default value: AIR
[END] [OF] [CURING] Time at beginning of drying, i.e. end of curing. [days].
TIME endcuring Default value: 7 [days].
AS as Total aggregate/find sand ratio.
Default value 2.8
{LOAD | CURRENT} Current or load time for the subsequent measured value.
[TIME] time Default: 0 [days]
{ SHRINKAGE | Measured shrinkage | material compliance measured_val for
COMPLIANCE} previously specified load and current time. Units of water loss
measured_val must correspond to units of total_water_loss , shrinkage is
dimension-less and compliance is input in kPa-1.
{ HISTORY [TIME] For each entry of material history the data time , temper and
time [HUMIDITY] humid must be input. If the data keywords are used, then it
humid doesn’t matter in which order the 3 data are input. Otherwise the
[TEMPERATURE] indicated order is assumed. The units are days, degrees Celsius
temper }+ and dimension less humidity (in interval 0.3..1).

3.6.9.6 Sub-command &CCModelACI78_DATA

&CCModelACI78_DATA
160

CCModelACI78 { CONCRETE concrete_type | THICKNESS thick | FCYL28 fcyl28 |

HUMIDITY humidity | DENSITY density | AC ac | WC wc | AS as | SLUMP
slump | AIR_CONTENT air | {WATER | AIR | STEAM} [CURING] | [END]
[OF] [CURING] TIME endcuring | {LOAD | CURRENT} [TIME] time
SHRINKAGE } measured_val }+

Table 92: & CCModelACI78 sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
CONCRETE Type of concrete. Only type 1 and 3 are supported.
concrete_type
Default value: 1
THICKNESS thick Ratio volume [m3] / surface area [m2] of cross section. For long
elements it is approximately cross sectional area [m2] / perimeter
[m].
Default value: 0.0767 [m].
FCYL28 fcyl28 Cylindrical material strength in compression [kPa].
Default value: 35100 [kPa].
HUMIDITY humidity Ambient relative humidity (0.3...1).
Default value: 0.780
DENSITY density Concrete density [kg/m3].
Default value: 2125. [kg/m3].
AC ac Total aggregate/cement ratio.
Default value: 7.04
WC wc Water/cement ratio.
Default value: 0.63
AS as Total aggregate/find sand ratio.
Default value 2.8
SLUMP slump Slump value [m].
Default value: 0.012m
AIR_CONTENT air Air content [%]:
Default value: 5%.
{WATER | AIR | Curing conditions, either under in water or air under normal
STEAM} [CURING] temperature conditions (WATER | AIR) or steam condition
(=STEAM).
Default value: AIR
[END] [OF] [CURING] Time at beginning of drying, i.e. end of curing. [days].
TIME endcuring Default value: 7 [days].
{LOAD | CURRENT} Current or load time for the subsequent measured value.
ATENA Input File Format 161

[TIME] time Default: 0 [days]

SHRINKAGE Measured shrinkage measured_val for previously specified
measured_val load and current time. Unit of shrinkage is dimension-less.

3.6.9.7 Sub-command &CCModelCEB_FIP78_DATA

&CCModelCEB_FIP78_DATA
CCModelCEB_FIP78 { THICKNESS thick | FCYL28 fcyl28 | E28 e28 | HUMIDITY
humidity | [END] [OF] [CURING] TIME endcuring | {LOAD | CURRENT}
[TIME] time | SHRINKAGE measured_val }+

Table 93: & CCModelCEB_FIP78 sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
THICKNESS thick Ratio volume [m3] / surface area [m2] of cross section. For long
elements it is approximately cross sectional area [m2] / perimeter
[m].
Default value: 0.0767 [m].
FCYL28 fcyl28 Cylindrical material strength in compression [kPa].
Default value: 35100 [kPa].
E28 e28 Short-term material Young modulus at 28 days, i.e. inverse
compliance at 28.01 days loaded at 28 days [kPa].
Default value: calculated from fcyl28.
HUMIDITY humidity Ambient relative humidity (0.3..1).
Default value: 0.780
[END] [OF] [CURING] Time at beginning of drying, i.e. end of curing. [days].
TIME endcuring Default value: 7 [days].
{LOAD | CURRENT} Current or load time for the subsequent measured value.
[TIME] time Default: 0 [days]
SHRINKAGE Measured (at current humidity) shrinkage measured_val for
measured_val previously specified load and current time. Unit of shrinkage is
dimension-less.

3.6.9.8 Sub-command &CCModelCSN731202_DATA

&CCModelCSN731202_DATA
CCModelCSN731202 { CONCRETE concrete_type, THICKNESS thick | FCYL28
fcyl28 | E28 e28 | HUMIDITY humidity | [END] [OF] [CURING] TIME
162

endcuring | {LOAD | CURRENT} [TIME] time | SHRINKAGE measured_val {

HISTORY [TIME] time [HUMIDITY] humid [TEMPERATURE] temper }+ }+

Table 94: & CCModelCSN731202 sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
CONCRETE Type of concrete. Only type 1 and 3 are supported.
concrete_type
Default value: 1
THICKNESS thick Ratio volume [m3] / surface area [m2] of cross section. For long
elements it is approximately cross sectional area [m2] / perimeter
[m].
Default value: 0.0767 [m].
FCYL28 fcyl28 Cylindrical material strength in compression [kPa].
Default value: 35100 [kPa].
E28 e28 Short-term material Young modulus at 28 days, i.e. inverse
compliance at 28.01 days loaded at 28 days [kPa].
Default value: calculated from fcyl28.
HUMIDITY humidity Ambient relative humidity (0.3...1).
Default value: 0.780
[END] [OF] [CURING] Time at beginning of drying, i.e. end of curing. [days].
TIME endcuring Default value: 7 [days].
{ HISTORY [TIME] For each entry of material history the data time , temper and
time [HUMIDITY] humid must be input. If the data keywords are used, then it
humid doesn’t matter in which order the 3 data are input. Otherwise the
[TEMPERATURE] indicated order is assumed. The units are days, degrees Celsius
temper }+ and dimension less humidity (in interval 0.3..1).
{LOAD | CURRENT} Current or load time for the subsequent measured value.
[TIME] time Default: 0 [days]
SHRINKAGE Measured shrinkage measured_val for previously specified load
measured_val and current time. Unit of shrinkage is dimension-less.

3.6.9.9 Sub-command &CCModelBP1_DATA

&CCModelBP1_DATA
CCModelBP1 { CONCRETE concrete_type | THICKNESS thick | FCYL28 fcyl28 |
HUMIDITY humidity | AC ac | WC wc | GS gs | SC sc | SA sa | CEMENT
[MASS] cement_mass | [SHAPE] FACTOR sf | {STEAM | WATER |AIR}
[CURING] | [END] [OF] [CURING] TIME endcuring | { LOAD | CURRENT }
[TIME] time SHRINKAGE measured_val }+
ATENA Input File Format 163

Table 95: & CCModelBP1 sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
CONCRETE Type of concrete. Only type 1 and 3 are supported.
concrete_type
Default value: 1
THICKNESS thick Ratio volume [m3] / surface area [m2] of cross section. For long
elements it is approximately cross sectional area [m2] / perimeter
[m].
Default value: 0.0767 [m].
FCYL28 fcyl28 Cylindrical material strength in compression [kPa].
Default value: 35100 [kPa].
HUMIDITY humidity Ambient relative humidity (0.3...1).
Default value: 0.780
AC ac Total aggregate/cement ratio.
Default value: 7.04
WC wc Water/cement ratio.
Default value: 0.63
GS gs Coarse/fine aggregate ratio.
Default value: 1.3
SC sc Fine aggregate/cement ratio.
Default value: 1.8
SA sa Fine/total aggregate ratio.
Default value: 0.4
CEMENT [MASS] Cement content.
cement_mass
Default value: 320. kg/m3
[SHAPE] FACTOR sf Cross section shape factor. It should be 1, 1.15, 1.25, 1.3, 1.55
for slab, cylinder, square prism, sphere, cube, respectively.
Default value 1.25
{STEAM | WATER Curing conditions, either under in water or air under normal
|AIR} [CURING] temperature conditions (WATER | AIR) or steam condition
(=STEAM).
Default value: AIR
[END] [OF] [CURING] Time at beginning of drying, i.e. end of curing. [days].
TIME endcuring Default value: 7 [days].
{LOAD | CURRENT} Current or load time for the subsequent measured value.
[TIME] time Default: 0 [days]
164

SHRINKAGE Measured (at current humidity) shrinkage measured_val for

measured_val previously specified load and current time. Unit of shrinkage is
dimension-less.

3.6.9.10 Sub-command &CCModelBP2_DATA

&CCModelBP2_DATA
CCModelBP2 { CONCRETE concrete_type | THICKNESS thick | FCYL28 fcyl28 |
HUMIDITY humidity | AC ac | WC wc | GS gs | SC sc | SA sa | [SHAPE]
FACTOR sf | {STEAM | WATER |AIR} [CURING] | [END] [OF] [CURING]
TIME time | { LOAD | CURRENT } [TIME] xx SHRINKAGE measured_val }+

Table 96: & CCModelBP2 sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
CONCRETE Type of concrete. Only type 1 and 3 are supported.
concrete_type
Default value: 1
THICKNESS thick Ratio volume [m3] / surface area [m2] of cross section. For long
elements it is approximately cross sectional area [m2] / perimeter
[m].
Default value: 0.0767 [m].
FCYL28 fcyl28 Cylindrical material strength in compression [kPa].
Default value: 35100 [kPa].
HUMIDITY humidity Ambient relative humidity (0.3...1).
Default value: 0.780
AC ac Total aggregate/cement ratio.
Default value: 7.04
WC wc Water/cement ratio.
Default value: 0.63
GS gs Coarse/fine aggregate ratio.
Default value: 1.3
SC sc Fine aggregate/cement ratio.
Default value: 1.8
SA sa Fine/total aggregate ratio.
Default value: 0.4
[SHAPE] FACTOR sf Cross section shape factor. It should be 1, 1.15, 1.25, 1.3, 1.55
for slab, cylinder, square prism, sphere, cube, respectively.
ATENA Input File Format 165

Default value 1.25

{STEAM | WATER Curing conditions, either under in water or air under normal
|AIR} [CURING] temperature conditions (WATER | AIR) or steam condition
(=STEAM).
Default value: AIR
[END] [OF] [CURING] Time at beginning of drying, i.e. end of curing. [days].
TIME endcuring Default value: 7 [days].
{LOAD | CURRENT} Current or load time for the subsequent measured value.
[TIME] time Default: 0 [days]
SHRINKAGE Measured (at current humidity) shrinkage measured_val for
measured_val previously specified load and current time. Unit of shrinkage is
dimension-less.

3.6.9.11 Sub-command &CCModelGeneral_Data

&CCModelGeneral_Data
CCModelGeneral { T’ t' | T t | FI fi | EPS eps | FCYL fcyl }+

Table 97: & CCModelGeneral sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
T’ t' Set effective loading time t' for following data.
Default value: none
Units: t.
T t Set effective observation time t for following data, i.e. a time,
when an input value is measured.
Default value: none
Units: t.
FI fi Value of material compliance fi(t.t’) for times t,t’ .
Default value: none.
Units: 1/S
EPS eps Material shrinkage eps(t) at time of observation t.
Default value: none
Units: none
FCYL fcyl Current cylindrical strength in compression fcyl(t’) pertinent for
loading time t’ . Note that the value is input as positive value!
Default value: none
Units: S
166

3.6.10 Material Type for Combined Material

3.6.10.1 Sub-command &COMBINED_MATERIAL

Syntax:
&COMBINED_MATERIAL:
TYPE “CCCombinedMaterial”
COMPONENT id1 [RATIO x1]
COMPONENT id2 [RATIO x2]
….
COMPONENT id3 [RATIO x3]

Table 98: &COMBINED_MATERIAL sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
Basic properties
COMPONENT id Id of the previously defined material, which is to be used a one
component of the combined/composite material.
Units: none
Acceptable range: (1; maximal integer>
Default value: none
RATIO x Relative contribution of this material to the overall behavior of
the combined composite material.
Units: none
Acceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 1.0

3.6.11 Material Type for Material with Variable Properties

3.6.11.1 Sub-command &VARIABLE_MATERIAL

Syntax:
&VARIABLE_MATERIAL:
TYPE “CCMaterialWithVariableProperties” BASE id
PARAM “name1” F id1
PARAM “name2” F id2
….
PARAM “name3” F id3

Table 99: &VARIABLE_MATERIAL sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
Basic properties
BASE id Id of the previously defined base material, whose parameters
ATENA Input File Format 167

will be modified based on the provided functions. Only the

following base materials should be used as a base one:
CC3DnonLinCementitious2,
CC1DElastIstotropic,
CCPlaneStressElastIsotropic,
CCPlaneStrainElastIsotropic,
CC3DelastIsotropic,
CCASymElastIsotropic,
CC3DDruckerPragerPlasticity,
CC3DBiLinearSteelVonMises,
CCReinforcement,
CCSmearedReinf
Units: none
Acceptable range: (1; maximal integer>
Default value: none
PARAM | Parameter name from the base material whose values will
PARAMETER “name” change based on the provided function. The original value of
this parameter in the base material is overwritten by the values
in the function. The base material should not be used in any
other combined material as well as a stand alone material.
Otherwise results are unpredictable.
Units: none
Acceptable range: any string
Default value: none
F| Id of the previously defined function.
FUNCTION id Units: none
Acceptable range: (1; maximal integer>
Default value: none

3.6.12 Material Type for Material with Temperature Dependent

Properties

3.6.12.1 Sub-command &MATERIAL_WITH_TEMP_DEP_PROPERTIES

This model is to be used to simulate change of material properties due to current temperature.
The temperature fields can be imported from a previously performed thermal analysis.
Syntax:
&MATERIAL_WITH_TEMP_DEP_PROPERTIES:
TYPE “CCMaterialWithTempDepProperties” BASE id
PARAM “name1” F id1
PARAM “name2” F id2
….
PARAM “name3” F id3
{ EPS_T_F id4 | TOTAL n }
168

Table 100: &MATERIAL_WITH_TEMP_DEP_PROPERTIES sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
Basic properties
BASE id Id of the previously defined base material, whose parameters
will be modified based on the thermal loading and the provided
function. Only the following materials should be used as a base
material:
CC3DNonLinCementitious2,
CC1DElastIstotropic,
CCPlaneStressElastIsotropic,
CCPlaneStrainElastIsotropic,
CC3DelastIsotropic,
CCASymElastIsotropic,
CC3DDruckerPragerPlasticity,
CC3DBiLinearSteelVonMises,
CCReinforcement,
CCSmearedReinf
Units: none
Acceptable range: (1; maximal integer>
Default value: none
PARAM | Parameter name from the base material whose values will
PARAMETER “name” change based on the thermal loading and provided function. The
original value of this parameter in the base material is
overwritten by the values in the function. The base material
should not be used in any other combined material as well as
a stand alone material. Otherwise results are unpredictable.
Units: none
Acceptable range: any string
Default value: none
ATENA Input File Format 169

F| Id of the previously defined function that defines the

FUNCTION id dependence of the given material parameter on thermal loading.
At each material point this function will define the value of the
given material parameter based on the current thermal loading at
this material point, i.e. integration point.
Units: none
Acceptable range: (1; maximal integer>
Default value: none
EPS_T_F id Id of the previously defined function that defines the evolution
of thermal strains. It should be a function of initial strains based
on the total temperature at a given point.
When this function is defined the alpha parameter for the
thermal expansion coefficient in the base material should be set
to zero otherwise the thermal expansion is considered two times.
Units: none
Acceptable range: (1; maximal integer>
Default value: none
TOTAL n Activates the total formulation, i.e. the stress at each step will be
calculated from zero by incremental application of the existing
strain tensor. The parameter n defines the number of steps to
reach the current strain valus. When this parameter is activated
the material model does not consider the loading history, but it
is necessary to accurately consider the changes of the elastic
modulus in the incremental material formulation.
Units: none
Acceptable range: (1; maximal integer>
Default value: 0

3.6.13 Material Type for Material with Properties Varying in Space

3.6.13.1 Sub-command &MATERIAL_WITH_RANDOM_FIELDS

This model is to be used to simulate a spatial distribution of material properties. For instance
this model can be used to simulate a random distribution of material parameters over the
structure.
Syntax:
&MATERIAL_WITH_RANDOM_FIELDS:
TYPE “CCMaterialWithRandomFields” BASE id
FILENAME “name1”
170

Table 101: &MATERIAL_WITH_RANDOM_FIELDS sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
Basic properties
BASE id Id of the previously defined base material, whose parameters
will be modified based on the thermal loading and the provided
function. Only the following materials should be used as a base
material:
CC3DNonLinCementitious2,
CC1DElastIstotropic,
CCPlaneStressElastIsotropic,
CCPlaneStrainElastIsotropic,
CC3DelastIsotropic,
CCASymElastIsotropic,
CC3DDruckerPragerPlasticity,
CC3DBiLinearSteelVonMises,
CCReinforcement,
CCSmearedReinf
Units: none
Acceptable range: (1; maximal integer>
Default value: none
FILENAME “name” File name containing the spatial distribution of material
parameters.
Units: none
Acceptable range: any string
Default value: none

3.6.14 Material Types for Simplified Nonlinear Analysis Using CCBeam

Element

3.6.14.1 Sub-command &BEAM_MASONRY_MATERIAL

This model can be used for nonlinear analysis of (reinforced) masonry structures modeled by
CCBeam elements. It is used for solid part, i.e. masonry. An eventual reinforcements should
be modeled by CCBeamReinfBarMaterial. The material conforms with recommendations
given by Eurocode and similar codes for practice. The input “design” strengths overwrite
values based on input of “characteristic” strengths.
Syntax:
& BEAM_MASONRY_MATERIAL :
TYPE “CCBeamMasonryMaterial” {[E x] | [MU x] | [RHO x] | [ALPHA x] |
[F_K x ] | [F_VK0 x] |[COEFF_F_VK x] | [F_VLT x] | [F_VLT_CONST x] |
[F_VLT_COEFF x] | [F_XK_INPLANE x ] | [{F_XK_OUTPLANE}|{F_XK} x
] | [R_RATIO x ] | [GAMMA_M] | [F_D x ] | [F_VD x] | [F_XD_INPLANE x ] |
[{F_XD_OUTPLANE}|{F_XD} x ] |[ EPS_MU x ] | [EPS_M x] | [ LAMBDA x ]
ATENA Input File Format 171

| [ ETA x ] | [ REL_TOL x ] | [ITER_MAX n ] | [ EPS_SMALL x ] | [

ALPHA_STEP x ] | [ ALPHA_TOL x ] | [ FLEX_DRIFT_COEFF x ] |
[SHEAR_DRIFT_COEFF x ] | [ STIRRUPS_SPACING x ] | [STIRRUPS_AREA
x ] | [STIRRUPS_MATERIAL n] | DAMPING_MASS xM DAMPING_STIFF
xK }

Table 102: & BEAM_MASONRY_MATERIAL sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
Ex Young modulus.
Units: stresses
Default value: 0
MU x Poisson ratio
Units: none
Default value: 0
RHO x Material density
Units: mass/volume
Default value: 0
ALPHA x Coefficient of thermal expansion
Units: 1/T
cceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.000012
DAMPING_MASS xM Mass and stiffness damping factors specified for indiviual
DAMPING_STIFF xK element group. They overwrite the same factor set for the whole
structure by SET command .
F_K x Characteristic material compressive strength, (negative). This
input is not used, if the corresponding design value is given.
Units: stresses
Default value: 0
F_VK0 x Characteristic material initial shear strength, (positive). This
input is not used, if the corresponding design value is given.
Units: stresses
Default value: 0
COEFF_F_VK x Coefficient for normall stress to calculate F_VK.
Units: none
Default value: 0.4
F_VLT x Characteristic material limit shear strength – constant part,
F_VLT_CONST x (positive). Final value is calculated as f vlt  f vlt ,const  f vlt ,coeff  d ,
172

where  d is element compression stress. This input is not used,

if the corresponding design value is given.
Units: none
Default value: 0
F_VLT_COEFF x
F_XK_INPLANE x Characteristic material in-plane tensile strength in bending,
(positive). This input is not used, if the corresponding design
value is given.
Units: stresses
Default value: 0
{F_XK_OUTPLANE} | Characteristic material out-of-plane tensile strength in bending,
{F_XK} x (positive). This input is not used, if the corresponding design
value is given.
Units: stresses
Default value: 0
R_RATIO x Ratio of mortar thickness to the wall thickness
Units: none
Default value: 1
GAMMA_M x Partial factor of safety
Units: none
Default value: 1
F_D x Design material compressive strength, (negative)
Units: stresses
Default value: 0
F_VD x Design material shear strength, (positive)
Units: stresses
Default value: 0
F_XD_INPLANE x Design material in-plane tensile strength in bending, (positive)
Units: stresses
Default value: 0
{F_XD_OUTPLANE}|{ Design material out-of-plane tensile strength in bending,
F_XD} x (positive)
Units: stresses
Default value: 0
EPS_MU x Maximum compressive strain at the corners of cross section,
(negative)
ATENA Input File Format 173

Units: none
Default value: -0.0035
EPS_M x Maximum compressive strain at the centre of cross section,
(negative)
Units: none
Default value: -0.002
LAMBDA x Coefficient to reduce compressed masonry area
Units: none
Default value: 1.
ETA x Coefficient to apply for F_D
Units: none
Default value: 0.8
REL_TOL x Relative acceptable error in moments/forces
Units: none
Default value: 0.001
ITER_MAX n Maximum number of iterations for zeroizing of lateral bending
moment. Note that the moments are calculated in a coordinate
system, whose Y‘ axis is parallel to the resultant moment from
My and Mz load. Therefore, moment along Z‘ must be equal
zero.
Units: none
Default value:30
EPS_SMALL x Strain value already assumed neglibable
Units: none
Default value: 0.001
ALPHA_STEP x Angle step (for resultant moment load) at which the M-N
diagram of cross section is cached. For zero or negative value
nthing is cached and the appropriate M-N diragram is calculated
on run-time basis.
Units: none

Default value:
60
ALPHA_TOL x Angle difference (for resultatnt moment load) thas is assumed
negligible.
Units: none

Default value:
360
174

FLEX_DRIFT_COEFF x Coefficinet to check maximum flexural drift. By default

x=0.008. If the criterion violated, corresponding beam’s
moments are reduced to zero.
SHEAR_DRIFT_COEFF Coefficinet to check maximum shear drift. By default x=0.004.
x If the criterion violated, corresponding beam’s shear forces are
reduced to zero.
STIRRUPS_SPACING x Stirrups spacing.
Units: length
Default value: 0.0
STIRRUPS_AREA x Area of reinforcement stirrups, (typically 2 x stirrup area).
Units: length2
Default value: 0.0
STIRRUPS_MATERIAL Id of material, froim which the tirrups are made.
n
Units: none
Default value: NONE

3.6.14.2 Sub-command &BEAM_RC_MATERIAL

This model can be used for nonlinear analysis of (reinforced) concrete structures modeled by
CCBeam elements. It is used for solid part, i.e. concrete. An eventual reinforcements should
be modeled by CCBeamReinfBarMaterial. The material conforms with recommendation
given by Eurocode and similar codes for practice. The input “design” strengths overwrite
values based on input of “characteristic” strengths.

Syntax:
& BEAM_RC_MATERIAL :
TYPE “CCBeamRCMaterial” {[E x] | [MU x] | [RHO x] | [ALPHA x] | [F_CK x
] | [F_CVK x] | [F_CTK_INPLANE x ] | [{F_CTK_OUTPLANE}|{F_CTK} x ]
| [GAMMA_M x] | [F_CD x ] | [F_CVD x] | [F_CTD_INPLANE x ] |
[{F_CTD_OUTPLANE}|{F_CTD} x ] |[ EPS_CU x ]|{EPS_C x}|{ LAMBDA x ]
| [ ETA x ] | [ REL_TOL x ] | [ITER_MAX n ] | [ EPS_SMALL x ] | [
ALPHA_STEP x ] | [ ALPHA_TOL x ] | [ FLEX_DRIFT_COEFF x ] |
[SHEAR_DRIFT_COEFF x ] | [ STIRRUPS_SPACING x ] | [STIRRUPS_AREA
x ] | [STIRRUPS_MATERIAL n] | [STIRRUPS_K_I x ] | [STIRRUPS_NI_1 x ] |
[STIRRUPS_EFFECTIVE_DEPTH x ] | [STIRRUPS_C_RD_C x] | [
STIRRUPS_NI_MIN x ] | DAMPING_MASS xM DAMPING_STIFF xK}
ATENA Input File Format 175

Table 103: &BEAM_RC_MATERIAL sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
Ex Young modulus.
Units: stresses
Default value: 0
MU x Poisson ratio
Units: none
Default value: 0
RHO x Material density
Units: mass/volume
Default value: 0
ALPHA x Coefficient of thermal expansion
Units: 1/T
cceptable range: <0; maximal real number>
Default value: 0.000012
DAMPING_MASS xM Mass and stiffness damping factors specified for indiviual
DAMPING_STIFF xK element group. They overwrite the same factor set for the whole
structure by SET command .
F_CK x Characteristic material compressive strength, (negative). This
input is not used, if the corresponding design value is given.
Units: stresses
Default value: 0
F_CVK x Characteristic material shear strength, (positive). This input is
not used, if the corresponding design value is given.
Units: stresses
Default value: 0
F_CTK_INPLANE x Characteristic material in-plane tensile strength in bending,
(positive). This input is not used, if the corresponding design
value is given.
Units: stresses
Default value: 0
[{F_CTK_OUTPLANE}| Characteristic material out-of-plane tensile strength in bending,
{F_CTK}x (positive). This input is not used, if the corresponding design
value is given.
Units: stresses
Default value: 0
176

GAMMA_M x Partial factor of safety

Units: none
Default value: 1
F_CD x Design material compressive strength, (negative)
Units: stresses
Default value: 0
F_CVD x Design material shear strength, (positive)
Units: stresses
Default value: 0
F_CTD_INPLANE x Design material in-plane tensile strength in bending, (positive)
Units: stresses
Default value: 0
[{F_CTD_OUTPLANE}| Design material out-off-plane tensile strength in bending,
{F_CTD} x (positive)
Units: stresses
Default value: 0
EPS_CU x Maximum compressive strain at the corners of cross section,
(negative)
Units: none
Default value: -0.0035
EPS_C x Maximum compressive strain at the centre of cross section,
(negative)
Units: none
Default value: -0.002
LAMBDA x Coefficient to reduce compressed masonry area
Units: none
Default value: 1.
ETA x Coefficient to apply for F_D
Units: none
Default value: 0.8
REL_TOL x Relative acceptable error in moments/forces
Units: none
Default value: 0.001
ITER_MAX n Maximum number of iterations for zeroizing of lateral bending
moment. Note that the moments are calculated in a coordinate
system, whose Y‘ axis is parallel to the resultant moment from
ATENA Input File Format 177

My and Mz load. Therefore, moment along Z‘ must be equal

zero.
Units: none
Default value: 20
EPS_SMALL x Strain value already assumed neglibable
Units: none
Default value: 0.001
ALPHA_STEP x Angle step (for resultant moment load) at which the M-N
diagram of cross section is cached. For zero or negative value
nthing is cached and the appropriate M-N diragram is calculated
on run-time basis.
Units: none

Default value:
60
ALPHA_TOL x Angle difference (for resultatnt moment load) thas is assumed
negligible.
Units: none

Default value:
360
FLEX_DRIFT_COEFF x Coefficinet to check maximum flexural drift. If the criterion
violated, corresponding beam’s moments are reduced to zero.
Units: none
Default value: 0.008.
SHEAR_DRIFT_COEFF Coefficinet to check maximum shear drift. If the criterion
x violated, corresponding beam’s shear forces are reduced to zero.
Units: none
Default value: 0.004
STIRRUPS_SPACING x Stirrups spacing.
Units: length
Default value: 0.0
STIRRUPS_AREA x Area of reinforcement stirrups, (typically 2 x stirrup area).
Units: length2
Default value: 0.0
STIRRUPS_MATERIAL Id of material, froim which the tirrups are made.
n
Units: none
Default value: NONE
STIRRUPS_K_I x Coefficient k I . Typically no change is needed.
178

Units: none
Default value: 0.15
STIRRUPS_NI_1 x Coefficient of compressive strut strength. Typically no change is
needed.
Units: none
Default value: based on f ck .
STIRRUPS_EFFECTIV Effective depth of the section, typically distance between the
E_DEPTH x centre of the longitudinal reinforcement and the top edge.
Typically no change is needed.
Units: length
Default value: calculated automatically.
STIRRUPS_C_RD_C x Coefficient based on National annex. Typically no change is
needed.
Units: none
Default value: 0.18
c .
STIRRUPS_NI_MIN x Minimal shear strength. Typically no change is needed.
Default value  min  0.035 k 2 f ck2
3 1

3.6.14.3 Sub-command &BEAM_REINF_BAR_MATERIAL

This model can be used for nonlinear analysis of (reinforced) concrete structures modeled by
CCBeam elements. It is used for reinforcement part, i.e. steel. The solid part shoud be
modeled by either CCBeamMasonryMaterial or CCBeamRCMaterial. The material conforms
with recommendation given by Eurocode and similar codes for practice.

Syntax:
& BEAM_REINF_BAR_MATERIAL :
TYPE “CCReinfBarMaterial” {[E x] | [MU x] | [RHO x] | [ALPHA x] | [F_YK x ]
| [F_YVK x] | [GAMMA_M x] | [F_YD x ] | [F_YVD x] | [E_YD_HARD x] |
[EPS_YD_MAX x] DAMPING_MASS xM DAMPING_STIFF xK}
ATENA Input File Format 179

Table 104: & BEAM_REINF_BAR_MATERIAL sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
Ex Young modulus.
Units: stresses
Default value: 0
MU x Poisson ratio
Units: none
Default value: 0
DAMPING_MASS xM Mass and stiffness damping factors specified for indiviual
DAMPING_STIFF xK element group. They overwrite the same factor set for the whole
structure by SET command .
RHO x Material density
Units: mass/volume
Default value: 0
ALPHA_TOL x Angle difference (for resultatnt moment load) thas is assumed
negligible.
Units: none

Default value:
360
F_YK x Characteristic material compressive strength, (negative). This
input is not used, if the corresponding design value is given.
Units: stresses
Default value: 0
F_YVK x Characteristic material shear strength, (positive). This input is
not used, if the corresponding design value is given.
Units: stresses
Default value: 0
GAMMA_M x Partial factor of safety
Units: none
Default value: 1
F_YD x Material strength, (positive)
Units: stresses
Default value: 0
F_YVD x Material shear strength, (positive)
Units: stresses
Default value: 0
180

E_YD_HARD x Hardening young modul

Units: stresses
Default value: 0
EPS_YD_MAX x Max reinforcement tensile strain
Units: none
Default value: 0.01

3.7 Load and Boundary Conditions Definition

This command defines loads applied in a load case. The following main load types are
supported:

Table 105: Load and boundary conditions definition types

Sub-Command Description
&LOAD_DISPLACEMENT Prescribed nodal displacement (i.e. Dirichlet boundary
condition), either &SIMPLE_LOAD_DISPLACEMENT, or
&COMPLEX_LOAD_DISPLACEMENT
&LOAD_FORCES Prescribed nodal forces (i.e. Neumann boundary condition),
either &SIMPLE_LOAD_FORCE or
&COMPLEX_LOAD_FORCE
&LOAD_MASTER_SLAVE Master slave node pairs – prescribed displacement as a linear
_NODES combination of other displacements and constant value, (i.e.
Cauchy boundary condition).
&ELEMENT_LOAD Element loads, either &BODY_ELEMENT_LOAD or
&ELEMENT_BOUNDARY_LOAD or
&TEMPERATURE_ELEMENT_LOAD or
&ELEMENT_INITIAL_STRAIN_LOAD or
&ELEMENT_INITIAL_STRESS_LOAD or
&LOAD_FUNCTION or &MASS_ACCELERATIONS or
&ELEMENT_INITIAL_GAP_LOAD or &CHLORIDES or
&CARBONATION or &ASR
&LOAD_FUNCTION Time function id, i.e. id of time (or step id) function defining
coefficient for the applied load. See &FUNCTION for the
function definition.
&SPRING_DEFINITION Spring support boundary condition.
&RIGID_BODY, Definition of rigid body and/or inverse rigid body constrains
&INVERSE_RIGID_BODY
&LOAD_SHELL_TO_SOLI A special boundary condition similar to
D &LOAD_MASTER_SLAVE_NODES that is dsigned to
connect nodes of shell 2D elements to solid elements.
ATENA Input File Format 181

3.7.1 The Command &LOAD

Syntax:
&LOAD:
LOAD CASE { ID n | [NAME “load case name”] | &LOAD_DISPLACEMENT |
&LOAD_FORCES | &LOAD_MASTER_SLAVE_NODES | &RIGID_BODY
| &INVERSE_RIGID_BODY | &BEAM_NL_CONNECTION |
&LOAD_SHELL_2D_TO_SOLID | &LOAD_BEAM_1D_TO_SOLID |
&ELEMENT_LOAD }+

Table 106: General notes on LOAD command

The following are general notes on input of boundary conditions:

 Load case ids > 900000 are reserved for internal use; thus input id <=900000.
 Specified boundary condition of any type has cumulative character, i.e. if a loading
force in a specified degree of freedom is input three times, the actual loading force is
tripled.
 The specified boundary conditions are incremental, i.e. they set change in a particular
loading step, (execution time) with respect to the previous step, (previous time).

3.7.1.1 The Sub-command &LOAD_DISPLACEMENT

&LOAD_DISPLACEMENT:
SUPPORT [&DISPLACEMENT_TYPE] &LOAD_FUNCTION ]
{&COMPLEX_LOAD_DISPLACEMENT |
&SIMPLE_LOAD_DISPLACEMENT | &SPRING_DEFINITION}+

&DISPLACEMENT_TYPE:
TYPE {DISPLACEMENT | VELOCITY | ACCELERATION}

Note that displacements boundary conditions, (i.e type = “DISPLACEMENT”), are treated as
incremental displacements load, whilst in case of velocities and/or accelerations, (i.e. type =
“VELOCITY” or “ACCELERATION”), the input values are considered to be total load, not
incremental load. Hence, “VELOCITY” and/or “ACCELERATION” BCs (because of its
"total" character) must be specified in the group of "fixed" load within the dynamic load step
definition. On the other hand, “DISPLACEMENT" type BCs are typically input within
"increment" loads of the stepd definition.

3.7.1.2 The Sub-command &COMPLEX_LOAD_DISPLACEMENT

&COMPLEX_LOAD_DISPLACEMENT:
{COMPLEX {&MASTER_NODES | &SLAVE_NODES | &LOAD_VALUE |
RELAX}+ }+ [PROCESS_FLAG {REFERENCE_COORDS |
USE_CURRENT_COORDS | COPY_DEFORMATION |
COPY_DEFORMATION_ONCE | COPY_NO_DEFORMATION} ]
182

Table 107: COMPLEX_LOAD_DISPLACEMENT description

This type of Dirichlet boundary condition sets the following general boundary condition:
N
ui  x   u j f j , where i  j
j 1

In the above equation ui represents all slave degrees of freedom (defined in

&SLAVE_NODES), x is the prescribed value (defined in &LOAD_VALUE), u j are the
master degrees of freedom and f j are multipliers for the master degrees of freedom (defined
in &MASTER_NODES). The index i at the slave degree of freedom u denotes the
possibility to enforce the above boundary condition for several slave nodes and their
degrees of freedom.
The boundary condition has two forms: basic and relaxed. The relaxed form differs from
the basic one in the way that during iteration process it transfers out-of-balance forces
directly to reactions. This strategy is needed, if the specified boundary condition needs to
be applied in form of extra Lagrangian multiplier, which in turn means that it may need an
external force to realize the prescribed constrain.
In other words, use the relaxed form of the boundary condition for cases, when the structure
is already stable before applying a new boundary condition and the new condition is used
only to deviate the structure from those stable conditions to slightly different conditions.
Use the basic form for cases, when you want connect some macroelements, when no master
nodes are specified etc.
The PROCESS_FLAG input specifies a special generation of master-slave boundary
conditions. These constraints can be generated using either current or reference coordinate
system. The first or second method is invoked by inputing the keyword
USE_CURRENT_COORDS or REFERENCE_COORDS, respectively.
Modeling construction processes typically generates the following problem: we need to
connect previously erected (and loaded) parts of a structure with a part of the structure that
is new in the construction step. The trouble is that the older part is already deformed and
the deformed geometry on the border between the two parts is difficult to figure in the new
part. Hence, ATENA offers to model the new part with undeformed shape and then to copy
the border displacements (from the old part to the new part). It is achived by use of the
option COPY_DEFORMATION, or alternatively COPY_DEFORMATION_ONCE . While
the former option ensures copying of border displacements in every step, in which this load
is employed, the latter keyword causes the displacements to be copied only once, i.e. in the
next step and thereafter the option of COPY_NO_DEFORMATION is used.

3.7.1.3 The Sub-command &SIMPLE_LOAD_DISPLACEMENT

&SIMPLE_LOAD_DISPLACEMENT:
{SIMPLE { SAVE_SUPPORT |REMOVE_SAVED_SUPPORT } { &LOAD_PLACE |
&LOAD_VALUE }+ }+
ATENA Input File Format 183

Table 108: SIMPLE_LOAD_DISPLACEMENT description

This type of Dirichlet boundary condition sets the following general boundary condition:
u  value
It is the simplest way to define prescribed deformation at a specified node and degree of
freedom (defined in &LOAD_PLACE).
Location of the boundary condition is specified by id of supported node and its supported
degree of freedom. Alternatively, the boundary condition can be set for all nodes (and the
specified supported degree of freedom), whose ids are stored in a list of ids, see command
&SELECTION . In this case, the BC’s value is calculated as follow:
u  const  x coeff _ x  y coeff _ y  z coeff _ z , see &LOAD_VALUE command fragment.
In the above x,y,z are coordinates of node id from the list. This way it is possible to
prescribe variable load that depends of coordinates of a node, to which it is applied. Typical
example of such a load may by lateral (hydrostatic) pressure applied to a vertical wall of a
water tank.
If idof >0, then the specified displacement applied at DOF idof . Otherwise current
displacement at -idof is applied.
The optional flags SAVE_SUPPORT |REMOVE_SAVED_SUPPORT are used to save or
remove the current load for later use. It is particularly useful for the case of idof >0, (e.g.
for modelling of a tunnel excavation.

3.7.1.4 The Sub-commands &LOAD_FORCE, &COMPLEX_LOAD_FORCE and

&SIMPLE_LOAD_FORCE

&LOAD_FORCE:
LOAD TYPE {CONCENTRATED_LOAD | LUMPED_MASS }
[&LOAD_FUNCTION] { &COMPLEX_LOAD_FORCE |
&SIMPLE_LOAD_FORCE }+

&COMPLEX_LOAD_FORCE:
{COMPLEX { &SLAVE_NODES | &LOAD_VALUE }+ }+

&SIMPLE_LOAD_FORCE:
{SIMPLE { &LOAD_PLACE | &LOAD_VALUE }+ }+

Table 109: SIMPLE_LOAD_FORCE and COMPLEX_LOAD_FORCE description

Both these commands are similar to the above SIMPLE_LOAD_DISPLACEMENT and

COMPLEX_LOAD_DISPLACEMENT. They specify an applied force (or mass) at a node,
(instead of displacement at a node).
If idof >0, then the specified force is applied at DOF idof . Otherwise current partial
internal force at -idof is applied.
184

The optional flags SAVE_SUPPORT |REMOVE_SAVED_SUPPORT are used to save or

remove the current load for later use. It is particularly useful for the case of idof >0, (e.g.
for modelling of a tunnel excavation.

3.7.1.5 The Sub-command for &MASTER_SLAVE_NODES

&LOAD_MASTER_SLAVE_NODES:
{ {MASTER | SOLID_TO_SOLID} { &MS_PAIRS | &MS_GROUPS |
&MS_SELECTION } [ &MS_PROCESS_FLAGS ] }+

&MS_PAIRS:
[SLAVE] [NODAL] PAIRS [ACCEPT_OUTSIDE_ELEMENT] [DISTANCE dx] {
ni [{REPLACE | REPLACES}] ii }+

&MS_GROUPS:
[SLAVE] [NODAL] GROUPS [ACCEPT_OUTSIDE_ELEMENT] [DISTANCE dx]
[SHAPE shape] { { ni }+ { REPLACE | REPLACES } ii }+

&MS_SELECTION:
{ { SELECTIONS | LISTS } list_of_masters list_of_slaves [DISTANCE dx] }
SEARCH_RADIUS r | { LIST_MASTER_NODES list_of_masters
LIST_SLAVE_NODES list_of_slaves [DISTANCE dx] } | {
LIST_SLAVE_NODES list_of_slaves LIST_MASTER_NODES list_of_masters
[DISTANCE dx] }

&MS_PROCESS_FLAGS:
[PROCESS_FLAG {REFERENCE_COORDS | USE_CURRENT_COORDS} |
{COPY_DEFORMATION | COPY_DEFORMATION_ONCE |
COPY_NO_DEFORMATION} ] | [ SKIP_DOFS_MASK skip_mask ] }+

Table 110: LOAD_MASTER_SLAVE_NODES description

The LOAD_MASTER_SLAVE_NODES command structure is a special case of

&COMPLEX_LOAD_DISPLACEMENT, when all nodal degrees of freedom of the slave
node have to equal to its corresponding master degrees of freedom. This is the case of the
above command with “PAIRS” keyword, i.e. the 1st line of the command.
The command also can set that all slave degrees of freedom are to be replaced by linear
combination of the appropriate degrees of freedom of several master nodes. In this case the
“GROUPS” keyword used. For 2D case, master nodes must form line (i.e. 2 master nodes),
triangle (i.e. 3 master nodes) or quadrilateral element (i.e. 4 master nodes). For 3D case, the
master nodes must form line (i.e. 2 master nodes), tetrahedron (4 master nodes), triangle
wedge (i.e. 6 master nodes) or cube element (i.e. 8 master nodes). The master nodes must
be input in exactly the same order as used to describe element incidences for an element of
the equal type.
If nonlinear elements are used, then SHAPE] shape input must specified. It describes shape
ATENA Input File Format 185

of the embedded/adjacent elements. It is 1/2/3/4/5/6 for element of shape 3-nodes truss/ 6-

nodes triangle/ 6, 8 or 9 nodes quadrilateral/ 16 or 18 or 20 nodes brick/ 10 nodes
tetrahedron / 15 nodes wedge, respectively.
By default, the &MS_GROUPS and &MS_PAIRS boundary conditions are only accepted,
if the slave nodes are located inside an element defined by the master nodes or closed to the
master_node, respectively. The required accuracy is defined by the parameter DISTANCE.
This behavior can be changed by using the flag ACCEPT_OUTSIDE_ELEMENT. If it is
defined, the boundary conditions are always accepted. Note that specifying
ACCEPT_OUTSIDE_ELEMENT causes skipping some topological checks of the input
data that are aimed to trap an errorness user input. Hence, it should be used with the highest
care. The ACCEPT_OUTSIDE_ELEMENT flag does not affect the &MS_SELECTION
boundary conditions.
By default the “PAIRS” command alternative is assumed. The command allows definition
one or more of such coupled pairs or groups.
Alternatively, master slaves pairs can be picked up from list of masters and list of slaves
automatically. Such a pair is created, if master versus slave node coordinates from the
respective lists are closer than absolute distance abs(dx).
If the above fails and value dx is negative, Atena tries to fix the slave node by the closest
(master) element. It succeeds, if abs ( xi  xiapprox )  max(abs (dx), dxnegligigle ) for i  1, 2,(3) ,
where x and x approx is respectively vector of coordinates of the slave node and a node
resulting from its master element's approximation. If it does not succeed, the 2nd closest
element is used etc. up to success or total failure. The isoparametric coordinates r approx (that
correspond to x approx ) are typically required to be in range 1..1 . This clampes xiapprox and
thus the previous inequation also tests, whether xiapprox is in or outside of the master element.
The parameter dxnegligigle is set as the model's (absolute) NEGLIGIBLE_SIZE.

The PROCESS_FLAG input can be used to specify a special way of master-slave boundary
conditions generation. These constrains can be generated using either current or reference
coordinate system. Another option is to copy during the generation displacements from
master points to slave points. It is useful in modeling of construction process. For a
complete description of the PROCESS_FLAG options, see Table 107. skip_mask allows
for definition of DOFs that are skipped, i.e. not connected. If skip_mask is not defined, all
nodal DOFs are linked.
The SKIP_DOFS_MASK skip_mask is used to code, which nodal dofs should be skipped,
i.e. which dofs should not be affected by the current master-slave condition. Displacement
x,y, .. rotation z corresponds to 0b1, 0b10 ...0b100000. For example, let us want to constrain
only displacements x,y and rotation y of nodes with 6 dofs, (3 displacements and three
rotations). Using binary biwise notation, we need to constrain dofs 0b010011. The
skip_mask is complement of 0b010011, i.e. 0b101100. Hence you must input skip_mask
as integer number 44. (0b101100=0x2C=44).
SEARCH_RADIUS r set radius, where to look for surrounding elements to fix the master
slave node.

&LOAD_SHELL_2D_TO_SOLID:
186

{ SHELL_2D_TO_SOLID LIST_SHELL_NODES " list_of_slaves " |

LIST_SOLID_NODES " list_of_masters " | MAX_DISTANCE x |
SEARCH_RADIUS r | { FIX_ROTATION_BM | FIX_ROTATION_MT |
FIX_ROTATION_BT } | [SHELL_GROUP shell_group_id] | [EMBEDDED
SOLIDS_GROUPS solid_group_ids_interval] ROTATION_ARMS n }+

Table 111: &LOAD_SHELL_2D_TO_SOLID description

The LOAD_SHELL_2D_TO_SOLID command structure is similar to the command

LOAD_MASTER_SLAVE_NODES described above and most its parameters are the
same. The main difference is, however, that it connects 5 dofs of each slave node, (i.e.
shell's 3 global displacements, 2 local rotations used by CCIsoShellTriangle<...> and
CCIsoShellQuad<xxxxxxxxx> elements). Most 3D elements can serve as master elements,
i.e. solid, shell 3D, beam 3D, beam 1D... Sign of MAX_DISTANCE x does not matter and
correspondes to the processing of negative DISTANCE parameter by
LOAD_MASTER_SLAVE_NODES. SEARCH_RADIUS r set radius, where to look for
surrounding elements to fix the shell slave node. FIX_ROTATION_xx specifies, which
shell's edge note should be used to fix rotations. The "x" can be B,M and T for bootom,
middle and top, respectively.The optional parameter shell_group_id helps to indicate, what
shell should be used to connect the slave nodes. If it is not specified, a first shell with the
appropriate incidence is used. The same applies for solid_group_ids_interval. If not
specified, any solid element{s) can be used. The ROTATION_ARMS n parameter
specified, how many points are used to fix its CS's rotation. By default, n=1, i.e. 1 node and
1 node below the mid-plane. For n=2 we use nodes at -h, -h/2, h/2, h, where h is CS's
height.
Example:
LOAD CASE ID 2 NAME "Supports_shell to solid" SHELL_2D_TO_SOLID
LIST_SHELL_NODES "SHELL_TO_SOLID_CONTACT_NODES"
LIST_SOLID_NODES "LIST_SOLID_NODES"
MAX_DISTANCE 0.00001
SHELL_GROUP 1 EMBEDDED SOLIDS_GROUPS FROM 100 TO 200

&LOAD_BEAM_1D_TO_SOLID:
{ LOAD_BEAM_1D_TO_SOLID LIST_BEAM_NODES " list_of_slaves " |
LIST_SOLID_NODES " list_of_masters " | MAX_DISTANCE x |
SEARCH_RADIUS r | { FIX_ROTATION_BM | FIX_ROTATION_MT |
FIX_ROTATION_BT } | { FIX_ROTATION_LM | FIX_ROTATION_MR |
FIX_ROTATION_LR } | BEAM_GROUP beam_group_id | EMBEDDED
SOLIDS_GROUPS solid_group_ids_interval | ROTATION_ARMS n }+

Table 112: &LOAD_BEAM_1D_TO_SOLID description

The LOAD_BEAM_1D_TO_SOLID command structure is similar to the command

LOAD_MASTER_SLAVE_NODES described above and most its parameters are the
same. The main difference is, however, that it connects 6 dofs of each slave node, (beam's 3
global displacements, 3 global rotations used by CCIsoBeamBar<..> elements). Most 3D
elements can serve as master elements, i.e. solid, shell 3D, beam 3D, beam 1D... Sign of
ATENA Input File Format 187

MAX_DISTANCE x does not matter and correspondes to the processing of negative

DISTANCE parameter by LOAD_MASTER_SLAVE_NODES. SEARCH_RADIUS r set
radius, where to look for surrounding elements to fix the beam slave node.
FIX_ROTATION_xx specifies, which beam's edge note should be used to fix rotations. The
"x" can be B,M,T,L and R for bootom, middle, top, left, right, respectively. The optional
parameter beaml_group_id helps to indicate, what beam should be used to connect the slave
nodes. If it is not specified, a first beam with the appropriate incidence is used. The same
applies for solid_group_ids_interval. If not specified, any solid element{s) can be used.
The ROTATION_ARMS n parameter has similar meaning as for the above
LOAD_SHELL_2D_TO_SOLID boundary condition. It affects fixing rotation about s,t
local coordinate axes. By default, n=1, i.e. it uses nodes (0,h/2), (0,h/2), (-b/2,0), (b/2,0).
For n=2 we use nodes (0,h/2), (0,h/2), (-b/2,0), (b/2,0) and additionally (0,h/4), (0,h/4), (-
b/4,0), (b/4,0).
Example:
LOAD CASE ID 5 NAME "Supports_beam to solid" BEAM_1D_TO_SOLID
LIST_BEAM_NODES "B2"
LIST_SOLID_NODES "N1N2N3N4"
MAX_DISTANCE 0.00001
BEAM_GROUP 2 EMBEDDED SOLIDS_GROUPS FROM 1 TO 1

&LOAD_VALUE:
{ [VALUE value ] | { [CONST const ] | [COEFF_X coeff_x] | [COEFF_Y coeff_y ] |
[COEFF_Z coeff_z ] } }

Table 113: LOAD_VALUE description

This command can be used to define a general spatial distribution of loads in the form:
f ( x, y, z )  (const  x coeff _ x  y coeff _ y  z coeff _ z ) value

&SLAVE_NODES
SLAVE { [NODE] ni [DOF] ii }+

&MASTER_NODES
MASTER { [NODE] ni [DOF] ii [*] xi }+

&LOAD_PLACE
{ NODE node | SELECTION “list_name” DOF idof

&LOAD_FUNCTION:
{ [ INCREMENT | TOTAL ] FUNCTION i }2

Table 114: LOAD_FUNCTION description

Most boundary conditions (specified by command structure &LOAD) can be adjusted

according to the current time. The “adjustment” is defined by a time dependent functions
specified by &LOAD_FUNCTION, which in fact, specifies a coefficient for the given
boundary condition.
The actual coefficint for mutiplying the load is calculated as follows:
188

cti  fincr (ti ) ( ftot (ti )  f tot (ti 1 )) ,

where cti is load multiplier, ftot (t ), fincr (t ) are values of the total and increment load
functions at time t, ti and ti-1 is time at current and previous step, respectively. The above
formula is applicable for loads that have incremental character. For loads with total
character the load multiplier is calculated by:
cti  fincr (ti ) f tot (ti ) .

Examples of such (total) loads are &MASS_ACCELERATIONS, &CHLORIDES,

&CARBONATION, &FIRE_BOUNDARY, &MOIST_TEMP_BOUNDARY_LOAD,
boundary conditions with &DISPLACEMENT_TYPE == VELOCITY or
ACCELERATION etc.
Of course, in practice you use either ftot (t ) or f incr (t ) . Nevertheless, theoreticaly both
functions can be used in the same time. If fincr (t ) is not specified, its value is assumed
equal one for any t. If ftot (t ) is not specified, then it is assumed that
( f tot (ti )  ftot (ti 1 ))  1 for incremental and ftot (ti )  1 for total load. If neither
INCREMENT nor TOTAL keyword is given, then INCREMENT is assumed.
Note that the function applies only to “fixed” boundary constraints from &LOAD_VALUE
and/or from &ELEMENT_LOAD and not to master-slave DOFs constrains, if the master is
not fixed. Even if it is fixed, it applies only to its &LOAD_VALUE part.
It cannot be specified for the &LOAD_MASTER_SLAVE_NODES, because the slave
degree of freedoms inherit this function from their master degrees of freedom.

3.7.1.6 The Sub-command &ELEMENT_LOAD

&ELEMENT_LOAD
LOAD [&LOAD_FUNCTION ] { &LOAD_FUNCTION | [INITIAL]
&BODY_ELEMENT_LOAD | &BOUNDARY_ELEMENT_LOAD |
&TEMPERATURE_ELEMENT_LOAD |
&ELEMENT_INITIAL_STRAIN_LOAD |
&ELEMENT_INITIAL_STRESS_LOAD | &PRESTRESSING_LOAD
&FIXED_PRESTRESSING_LOAD |
&FIXED_PRESTRAINING_LOAD|&MASS_ACCELERATIONS_LOAD |
&ELEMENT_INITIAL_GAP_LOAD | | &DURABILITY_ELEMENT_LOAD }

3.7.1.6.1 The Sub-command &LOADED_ELEMS and &LOAD_COEFF

&LOADED_ELEMS:
[ GROUP { group_id [ TO group_id_to [ BY group_id_by]] } | { SELECTION
list_name } [ ELEMENT { element_id [ TO element_id_to [ BY
element_id_by]] } | { SELECTION list_name } ] ]

&LOAD_COEFF :
ATENA Input File Format 189

[COEFF const ] [COEFF_X coeff_x] [COEFF_Y coeff_y ] [COEFF_Z coeff_z ]

3.7.1.6.2 The Sub-command &BODY_ELEMENT_LOAD

&BODY_ELEMENT_LOAD:
BODY [ &LOADED_ELEMS ] [ &LOAD_COEF] [ {LOCAL | GLOBAL}] { { X |
Y | Z | ROT_X | ROT_Y | ROT_Z | DOF idof } [VALUE] x }+ | [
MNODE_IDS "mnode_ids" MNODE_LOADS "mnode_loads"
MNODE_DOFS_MASK mask [MNODE_MAX_DISTANCE abs_max_dist ]
[MNODE_DIM1 n1] [MNODE_DIM2 n2] [MNODE_DIM3 n3] ]

3.7.1.6.3 The Sub-command &BOUNDARY_ELEMENT_LOAD

&BOUNDARY_ELEMENT_LOAD:
BOUNDARY [ &LOADED_ELEMS ] [ &LOAD_COEF] [{LOCAL | GLOBAL} ]
[{ANY 6 | SURFACE| EDGE | EDGE_NO_DUPLICATES}] | [ MULTIPLE
{YES|NO} ] | [ NODES “loaded_nodes” ] { { X | Y | Z | ROT_X | ROT_Y |
ROT_Z | DOF idof} [VALUE] x }+ [MERGE [ MERGE_STRING str ]
[NO_ELEM_OUTPUT ] | [ MNODE_IDS "mnode_ids" MNODE_LOADS
"mnode_loads" MNODE_DOFS_MASK mask [MNODE_MAX_DISTANCE
abs_max_dist ] [MNODE_DIM1 n1] [MNODE_DIM2 n2] ]

3.7.1.6.4 The Sub-command &TEMPERATURE_ELEMENT_LOAD

&TEMPERATURE_ELEMENT_LOAD
TEMPERATURE [ &LOADED_ELEMS ] [ &LOAD_COEF] { REFERENCE
[TIME] t_ref TARGET [TIME] t_target [ IMPORT GEOMETRY
geometry_filename] IMPORT [HISTORY] RESULTS results_filename } | {
[VALUE x] | [REF_VALUE ref_x] | [NODE_ID node_id NODE_VALUE
node_value | REF_NODE_VALUE ref_node_value |
{AUTOMATIC|MANUAL} | TIME_UNITS "time_units"}

3.7.1.6.5 The Sub-command &ELEMENT_INITIAL_STRAIN_LOAD and

&ELEMENT_INITIAL_STRESS_LOAD

&ELEMENT_INITIAL_STRAIN_LOAD:
[INITIAL] STRAIN [ &LOADED_ELEMS ] [ &LOAD_COEF] [IP ip_id] { X | Y |
Z | XY | YX | YZ | ZY | XZ | ZX } [VALUE] x_element_initial_strain }+

&ELEMENT_INITIAL_STRESS_LOAD:
[INITIAL] STRESS [ &LOADED_ELEMS ] [ &LOAD_COEF] [IP ip_id] { X | Y |
Z | XY | YX | YZ | ZY | XZ | ZX } [VALUE] x_element_initial_stress }+

6
The option ANY is only available in 4.3.1 and older; starting 4.3.2, the default is "SURFACE" for 3D
problems and "BOUNDARY" for 2D and axisymmetric problems.
190

3.7.1.6.6 The Sub-command &PRESTRESSING_LOAD, &FIXED_PRESTRESSING_LOAD and

&FIXED_PRESTRAINING_LOAD

&PRESTRESSING_LOAD:
PRESTRESSING [ &LOADED_ELEMS ] [ &LOAD_COEF] [VALUE]
{START_NODE | END_NODE | START_AND_END_NODE } prestres_val

&FIXED_PRESTRESSING_LOAD :
FIXED_PRESTRESSING [ &LOADED_ELEMS ] [ &LOAD_COEF]
[ DIRECTION ] { START_TO_END | END_TO_START } ] { [VALUE |
VALUES] { s_coord value_at_s }+ | VALUE_FNC i }

&FIXED_PRESTRAINING_LOAD [ &LOADED_ELEMS ] [ &LOAD_COEF]

[ DIRECTION ] { START_TO_END | END_TO_START } ] { [VALUE |
VALUES] { s_coord value_at_s }+ | | VALUE_FNC i }

3.7.1.6.7 The sub-command &MASS_ACCELERATIONS_ELEMENT_LOAD

&MASS_ACCELERATIONS_ELEMENT_LOAD:
MASS_ACCELERATIONS [ &LOADED_ELEMS ] [ &LOAD_COEF] {LOCAL |
GLOBAL} { { X | Y | Z | DOF idof } [VALUE] x }+

3.7.1.6.8 The sub-command &ELEMENT_INITIAL_GAP_LOAD

&ELEMENT_INITIAL_GAP_LOAD:
[INITIAL] GAP [ &LOADED_ELEMS ] INIT_STEP_ID n

Example:

LOAD PRESTRESSING group 1 VALUE 10000

Table 115: ELEMENT_LOAD description

Use the above command structure to define loads applied to finite element(s).
If element a group and element ids range/selection is specified, then all
(group_id,element_id) combinations are processed except for the case, when loaded
elements are specified by two selections, one with group ids and another with element ids
(of the loaded elements). If ngroup and nelem is number of entries in the appropriate
selections, then in this case min(ngroup , nelem ) elements get loaded.

If no group and element ids range/selection is specified, all elements in the structure are
loaded.
Currently the supported types are:
 Volumetric (mass or body) load in a general direction (defined as a vector in
ATENA Input File Format 191

reference coordinate system), &BODY_ELEMENT_LOAD, (e.g. in units KN/m3).

It can be specified in global or local coordinate system. Note that some elements do
not define a local coordinate system, in which case the option GLOBAL is the same
as the LOCAL. In addition, body element load can also include concentrated load
(applied to volume of the element). For more info refer to
&BOUNDARY_ELEMENT_LOAD, where this load option is described.
 Surface/edge load in a general direction (defined as a vector in reference coordinate
system), &BOUNDARY_ELEMENT_LOAD, (e.g. in units KN/m2), the load is
applied to finite nodes enlisted in the selection “loaded_nodes” . It can be specified
in global or local coordinate system. Note that some elements do not define a local
coordinate system, in which case the option GLOBAL is the same as the LOCAL.
The {ANY 7|SURFACE|{EDGE|EDGE_NO_DUPLICATES}} switch defines
toward which type of element boundary is the load applicable. Important: one
definition of a boundary load can load each element only at its one edge (or
surface); otherwise an error is produced. If you need to load more element’s
edges/surfaces simultaneously, split the load into several boundary loads.
EDGE_NO_DUPLICATES ensures that only one element can contribute the load
along any part of the loaded edge. The EDGE and EDGE_NO_DUPLICATES
keywords may be replaced with their synonyms LINE and
LINE_NO_DUPLICATES with the same effect. The flag [ MULTIPLE {YES|NO}
] specifies, whether the boundary load is aplicable for multiple surfaces/edges or
only for a single surface/edge per one finite element.

In addition, boundary and body element load can also include a load at arbitrary
location(s). It can take a form of a concentrated load at specific points, or a load
applied along one or more lines, areas and volumes, (the last option is available
only for element body load). Units of the load change respectively, i.e. force,
force/length etc. The control location of the load, i.e. points, lines... need not
coinside with the finite element mesh and can overlap several elements, (and/or an
element can be loaded by more such loads). The load must be applied to the above
defined element edge or surface, (the case of boudary load) or to a body, (the case of
body load). It is input as MNODE_IDS "mnode_ids" MNODE_LOADS
"mnode_loads" MNODE_DOFS_MASK mask [MNODE_MAX_DISTANCE
abs_max_dist ] [MNODE_DIM1 n1] [MNODE_DIM2 n2] [MNODE_DIM3 n3]
], where "mnode_ids" is selection with macro node ids, where the concentrated
load is applied, "mnode_loads" is a selection containing corresponding loads, (i.e.
real numbers), defined by SELECTION_REAL command. The loads are sorted by
loaded dofs and mnode_ids. mask is bitwise map indicating, which dofs are to be
loaded.. For example mask=6 means loading of dir_y(=bit 2=2) + dir_z(=bit3=4),
i.e. "mnode_loads" must comprise FY, FZ at mnode_1, followed by FY, FZ at
mnode_2 etc. The parameter abs_max_dist sets an accuracy, with which ATENA
checks, if a macro node is or is not located at the processed element surface. In the
latter case the surface is not loaded. Finaly, the parameters n1, n2, n3 specify type of
loaded loacation. For n1=n2=n3=1 the load is applied to points.This is default
behaviour. If just one of nx>1, then the load is applied to a line. If just two of nx>1,
then the load is applied to an quadrilateral and similarly if all three of nx>1, then the

7
The option ANY is only available in 4.3.1 and older
192

load is applied to a hexahedral, (applicable for element body load only). Layout of
the controle load objects resembles the layout used for finite element of the same
shape and the actual value of nx specify number of points, into which the load
should be distributed, (n1,n2,n1 for directions in isoparametric r,s,t coordinates).
 The MERGE flag is used, if the current boundary load should be merged with a
previous boundary load within the same load case. MERGE_STRING str allows
merging only boundary loads with the same MERGE_STRING str. The merging is
successful, if the current and the other boundary load are of the same type,
(edge/surface) and have the same values. Other parameters, (e.g. function_id,
coeff_x etc.) are not tested and values from the other boundary load are adopted. If
the merging is not successful, then the current boundary load is processed in the
same way as it would without the MERGE flag. The NO_ELEM_OUTPUT flag
suppress element boundary related output at element level. Note that only single
element surface or edge can be loaded within single boundary load. Hence, use
MERGE option with caution.
 TYPE_STRING str is used only for output data aggregation.
 Element temperature load, &TEMPERATURE_ELEMENT_LOAD that
corresponds to element initial strain load, where initial strains are calculated based
on material expansion coefficient and specified temperature. The temperature
history can also be imported from the associated CCStructuresTransport analysis. In
this case one has to input IMPORT subcommand. If results_file_name is specified
without geometry_filename_name , it means that imported and current models are
identical. If geometry_filename_name is specified, an interpolation between the two
models is executed. Note that the IMPORT HISTORY option should be used only,
if target and reference times are given, (see REFERENCE [TIME] t_ref | TARGET
[TIME] t_target. This is because any loading in ATENA is assumed to be of
incremental character. Hence, the TEMPERATURE_LOAD is imported as
temperature increments betveen the structural conditions at target and reference
time. Alternatively, temperature load increments at element nodes can be input
directly using syntax { NODE_ID node_id NODE_VALUE node_value }. Note
that element node related input is always added to average element temperature
load, see [VALUE] x. Some material laws are temperature denpent and thus they
need info about absolute temperatures, rather then temperature increments (used e.g.
for element load due the material thermal expansion). These are input thru
REF_VALUE ref_x and REF_NODE_VALUE ref_node_value in the similar way
as temperature increments via VALUE x and NODE_VALUE node_value. Note
that from the transport analysis, i.e. using the IMPORT command, they are
imported automatically. The reference temperatures ignores any load coefficient
coming from function definition, load case multiplier etc. The AUTOMATIC option
causes Atena to automatically update TARGET and REFERENCE TIME according
to time at the current and previous step. It is usefull particularly for element
tremperature load during creep analysis. If AUTOMATIC, the load is imported
from history files and no additional load is acceptable, (such as via VALUE and
NODE_VALUE). By default, MANUAL regime is assumed. }. The TIME_UNITS
"time_units" allows to specify, which time units were used to calculate and write the
transpored analysis results in the file results_file_name. It is specified in the same
way as in the Unit command. By default no time unit conversion is made.
ATENA Input File Format 193

 Initial element strains, &ELEMENT_INITIAL_STRAIN_LOAD, (usable e.g. for

pre-stressed conditions)
 Initial element stresses, &ELEMENT_INITIAL_STRESS_LOAD
 Prestressing of external cables (i.e. elements CCExternalCable_2D a
CCExternalCable_3D), &PRESTRESSING. The prestressing can be applied near
the start node, (i.e. the 1st principal node, set by PRESTRESSING ..
START_NODE), end node, (i.e. the last principal node set by PRESTRESSING ..
END_NODE) or near both ends of the cable set by PRESTRESSING ..
START_AND_END_NODE. It is specified as prestress increment. If it is specified
in some steps and not specified in the higher steps, then in the higher steps the cable
prestressing and nodal slips may change (as a consequence of an additional cable
deformation). However the nodal slips at the cable ends will remain the same, i.e.
they are fixed.
Presstresing orientation can be also input via
&EXTERNAL_CABLE_GEOMETRY_SPEC, however such info is overwritten by
orientation info within the &PRESTRESSING command.
 Fixed prestressing, &FIXED_PRESTRESSING, is another type of loading that can
be used to set cable prestressing. This is useful, if the cable prestress losses are
calculated by a third party software. In fact this type of loading is equivalent to
ELEMENT_INITIAL_STRESS_LOAD load, whereby the prestress value is input
as a function of the longitudinal bar coordinate s . If this coordinate has the same
orientation as the reinforcement bar incidences, than use DIRECTION
START_TO_END. Otherwise use DIRECTION END_TO_START. This type of
loading allow to prescribe only local sig_xx stress. It is specified as prestress
increment. Fixed prestressing as a fuction of the longitudinal coordinaye can be
specified directly whithin thi scommand or a seperate funtion can be used.
 Prestraining of external cable by per element specified initial strain,
&FIXED_PRESTRAINING. It is specified as prestrain increment
 Special type of element "load" is introduced by
&ELEMENT_INITIAL_GAP_LOAD. This load is used for gaps that are initially
open. Size of the openning is derived from the gap element's thickness at step
INIT_STEP_ID n. This load must be included only in a load case being used for the
definition of step n. Other steps will ignore it.

 CHLORIDES, CARBONATION and ASR element load does not represent a real
load and are described in Section 0. It merely forces Atena to calculate degradation
of reinforced concrete elements due to progression of carbonation and/or chlorides
from their outside surfaces.

 Volumetric (mass or body) load due to accelerations (increments) in a general

direction (defined as a vector in reference coordinate system),
&MASS_ACCELERATIONS (e.g. in units m/s2). It can be specified only in global
coordinate system. During the load assembling it is replaced by a concentrated force
with value (-m*a), where "a" is the specified acceleration and "m" is nodal mass
(from calculation of mass matrix, optionally increased by nodal lumped masses). If
a load time function is specified, (i.e. being understood as the load accelerogram
194

function), it is assumed that this function defines total accelerations in a time (and
not load increments, as it is usual in most other load types). The corresponding load
increment at time t  t is then calculated as a ( f  t  t )  f (t )  , where f (t ) is the
acceleration function and a is constant acceleration in a particular direction having
been input within this load specification. This load is meanigful in dynamic analysis
only and because of its "total" character, it must be specified in the group of "fixed"
load within the dynamic load step definition, (i.e. not among "increment" loads!
The element load is aplied to element groups specified by GROUP group_id [ TO
group_id_to [ BY group_id_by]] command tokens. Otherwise all element groups are
loaded. For each element group it is possible to load only some elements. Their list is input
in ELEMENT SELECTION list_name command tokens. If the list contains a non-existing
element, the corresponding entry is ignored. Alternatively, the loaded elements can be input
in form of interval ELEMENT element_id [ TO element_id_to [ BY element_id_by]]. In
this case, however, one have to be cautious. element_id [ TO element_id_to must exist in
the group group_id. For the remaining element groups, i.e. up to group_id_to, internal
element numbering is used. E.g. let group group_id has elements 100, 105, 108, 110, 120,
130 and element_id=105, element_id_to=110. Then the remaining loaded element groups
(i.e. groups up to group_id_to) receive the load into their second, third and forth element.
(The elements within each group are sorted according to their element_id). As usuallly, by
default all elements of the group are loaded.
In addition, it is possible to use linear spatial interpolation based on the element’s centre-
point coordinates and COEFF_X coeff_x] [COEFF_Y coeff_y ] [COEFF_Z coeff_z ] see
Table 113. By default, coeff_x=0, coeff_y=0, coeff_z=0 and const=1. If only GROUP
group_id is given (and [ELEMENT element_id] is omitted), then the load applies to all
element of the specified element group. An exception to that is prestressing of external
cable. This load is always applied in element_id=1 (and only once, if element_id is not
specified).
Different values of element initial stress and strain can be applied at each material (i.e.
integration) point, see IP ip_id input. If ip_id=0, the element load is applied into all material
points. Hence, with ip_id=0 the user can specify “uniform” portion of a load (across the
element) and then he can define the load deviation at a particular material point ip_id.
By default ip_id=0.

3.7.1.6.9 The Command ELEMENT_LOAD Options for &Durability Analysis

&DURABILITY_ELEMENT_LOAD:
[ &CARBONATION ] | [ &CHLORIDES ] | [ &ASR]

&CARBONATION 8:
CARBONATION { TIME_FNC_ID id | WATER_MASS x | CEMENT_MASS x |
SCM_MASS x | CONCRETE_COVER x | K_CO2 x | CO2 x | RH x | NODES
“loaded_nodes” ” | A1 | A2 | A3 | F_T_CH | W_D | B | R_CORR |
DX_CORR_DT_SPALLING | CEMENT_MASS | MAX_REINF_DEPTH |

8
development/testing implementation of CARBONATION, CHLORIDES, and ASR in version 5.3.x and older
ATENA Input File Format 195

MAX_CORR_DT | RH | PSI }+ [TYPE_STRING str ] [MERGE [

MERGE_STRING str ] ] [NO_ELEM_OUTPUT ]}+

&CHLORIDES 9:
CHLORIDES { TIME_FNC_ID id | D_REF x | TIME_D_REF x | M_COEFF x |
TIME_M_COEFF x | CONCRETE_COVER x | CS x | CL_CRIT x | NODES
“loaded_nodes” | A1 | A2 | A3 | F_T_CH | W_D | B | R_CORR |
DX_CORR_DT_SPALLING | CEMENT_MASS | MAX_REINF_DEPTH |
T_AVER_OFFSET | MAX_CORR_DT | PSI }+ [TYPE_STRING str ] [MERGE
[ MERGE_STRING str ]] [NO_ELEM_OUTPUT ] }+

&ASR 10:
ASR { TIME_FNC_ID id | U_C x | U_L x | TAU_C_0 x | TAU_L_0 x | THETA_0 x |
SAND_MASS x | REQUIRED_ALKALI_PER_REACTIVE_SILICA x |
PROPORTION_REACTIVE_SILICA x |
PROPORTION_REACTIVE_PARTICLES_IN_SAND x |
ASR_MEASSURED_ASR_STRAIN x | THRESHOLD_ALKALI_IN_CONCRETE x |
TOTAL_ALKALI_IN_MORTAR x | STEP_TIME_INCR x | MAX_NUMBER_OF_ITERS n
| T_AVER_OFFSET x | S_L x | S_U x | EPS_CR x | EPS_U x | BETA_E x | BETA_FT x |
BETA_GF x | H_MIN | H_AVER | BETA_SHAPE_FACTOR | ASR_MODE {
APPLY_NOTHING | ASR_MODE APPLY_INIT_STRAINS | APPLY_REDUCTION_ALL
| APPLY_INIT_STRESSES}+ }+

Table 116: Description of durability options for ELEMENT_LOAD command

This command extends the ELEMENT_LOAD command specifically for various durability
analysis options. Use the above command structure to define loads applied to finite
element(s) for durability load types.

CHLORIDES, CARBONATION and ASR element load does not represent a real load. It
merely forces Atena to calculate degradation of reinforced concrete elements due to
progression of carbonation and/or chlorides from their outside surfaces. The input data
resembles &BODY_ELEMENT_LOAD. It applies to the parameters NODES
“loaded_nodes” “loaded_nodes”, MERGE, MERGE_STRING str and
NO_ELEM_OUTPUT. The remaining parameters are:
- WATER_MASS, CEMENT_MASS and SCM_MASS - mass of water, cement and non-
active suplementary cementitious material, SCM per 1m3, [weight/volume], default
200kg/m3, 400 kg/m3, 50kg/m3, respectively,
- CONCRETE_COVER : thickness of concrete cover layer, [length], default value 0.02m,
- K_CO2 : efficiency factor, [-], with typical values 0.3 for silica fume, 0.5 for low- calcium
fly ash, 0.7 for high-calcium fly ash, effective only for concrete with SCM_MASS >0, i.e.
not for Portland cement, default value 0.5,
- CO2 : content CO2 in the ambient air, [-], default 0.00036,
- RH : relative humidity of ambient air RH, [-], default 0.6,
- CL_CRIT : critical mass of chlorides per mass of SCM+cement for initialisation of

9
development/testing implementation of CARBONATION, CHLORIDES, and ASR in version 5.3.x and older
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development/testing implementation of CARBONATION, CHLORIDES, and ASR in version 5.3.x and older
196

reinforcement corrosion, [-] default 0.014.

- CS: mass of chlorides per mass of SCM+cement at surface, [-] default 0.103
-D_REF: reference chloride difussivity at TIME_D_REF , [length^2/time], default 1.e-
12m2/sec= 31.53mm2/year
-TIME_D_REF: time at which D_REF is specified, [time], default 10 years,
-M_COEFF: exponent to calculate time evolution of chloride diffusion D, typically equal
to 0.69/0.93/0.66 for structures submerged in salt water/suibject to high-low tide/air
exposure regularly sprinkled by salt water
-TIME_M_COEFF: time, at which M_COEFF is valid, [time], default 30 years.
-A1: parameter with characteristic value, [length], default 7.44e-5 m,
-A2: parameter with characteristic value, [length], default 7.30e-6 m,
-A3: parameter with characteristic value, [length/stress], default -1.74e-5 m/MPa,
-F_T_CH: characteristic splitting tensile strength of concrete,[stress],default 3.5MPa, 
CEB_FIP(1991) f_t_ch_=0.3*f_c2/3, ACI363R-92(1992) f_t_ch_=0.59*f_c1/2,
ACI318-99(1999) f_t_ch_=0.56*f_c2/3
-W_D: critical crack width for spalling,[length], default 1 mm,
-B: parameter depending on the position of the bar, [-], default 9.5µm/µm,
-R_CORR: parameter, depends on the type of corrosion,[-], default 3, =1 for uniform
corrosion(carbonation), =<2; 4> for pitting corrosion(typically chlorides),=<4; 5.5> for
pitting corrosion(typically chlorides),
-DX_CORR_DT_SPALLING: corrosion rate after spalling, [length/time], default 30
µm/year,
-CEMENT_MASS: binder mass in m3 of concrete, [mass/length3 , default 250kg/m3,
-MAX_REINF_DEPTH: max. distance between loaded surface and reinforcement node,
[m], default 0; if MAX_REINF_DEPTH>0, then the reinforcement corrosion analysis is
carried out yielding a reduction of reinforcement cross sectional area,
-T_AVER_OFFSET: average offset for temperature of the loaded surface at,[temperature],
default 0 Celsia; if available, the value is fetched from creep analysis and/or element
temperature load,
-MAX_CORR_DT: max. time step for internal time integration, [time], default 1 month,
-RH: average concrete relative humidity,[-], default 0.6.; if available, the value is fetched
from creep analysis,
-PSI: uncertainity factor, [-], default 1.

For ASR load:

U_C - activation energy constant of the characteristic time tau_l, [temperature],
default 5400 K,
U_L 9126.85- activation energy constant of the latency time tau_l, [temperature],
default 9400 K,
TAU_C_0 - characteristic time for THETA_0, [time], default 80 days,
TAU_L_0 - latency time for THETA_0, [time], default 145 days,
THETA_0 - reference temperature for tau_l_0_, [time], default 38 days,
SAND_MASS - total sand content in unit volume, [density], default 1613.4 kgm-3
REQUIRED_ALKALI_PER_REACTIVE_SILICA - amount of required alkali per kg
of reactive silica, [-], default 0.154,
PROPORTION_REACTIVE_SILICA - proportion of reactive silica, [-], default
0.218,
PROPORTION_REACTIVE_PARTICLES_IN_SAND - proportion of reactive
particles in the sand composition, [-], default 0.3,
ATENA Input File Format 197

ASR_MEASSURED_ASR_STRAIN - ASR free expansion strain, [-], default

0.00003,
THRESHOLD_ALKALI_IN_CONCRETE - threshold of alkali per m3 of concrete,
[[density], default 3.7 kgm-3
TOTAL_ALKALI_IN_MORTAR- total available alkali content in a mortar,
[density], default 6.2 kgm-3
STEP_TIME_INCR - maximum step time increments used for internal integration,
[time], default 30 days,
MAX_NUMBER_OF_ITERS - max number of iteration to calculate ksi, [-], default
30,
T_AVER_OFFSET 25 - average offset for temperature of the loaded surface
at,[temperature], default 0 Celsia; if available, the value is fetched from creep
analysis and/or element temperature load,
S_L - limit compression stress_L = -0.3MPa for calculating Weight factor for ASR
expansion
S_U - maximum compression stress_u = -10MPa for calculating Weight factor for
ASR expansion
EPS_CR - ASR cracking strain Ɛcr= f0/Ec0
EPS_U - ASR ultimate strain Ɛu=Ɛcr+2Gf0/hf0,
BETA_E - min. coefficient for Young modulus E_residual/E_0, [-], default 0.1
BETA_FT - min. coefficient for tensile strength ft_residual/ft_0,[-], default 0.6
BETA_GF - min. coefficient for fracture energy Gf_residual/Gf_0, [-], default 0.6
H_MIN -min. relative humidity to start ASR,[-], default 0.75
H_AVER - average relative humidity minimum in the structure,[-], default 0.8
BETA_SHAPE_FACTOR - shape beta factor, [-], default -2.
ASR_MODE { APPLY_NOTHING | ASR_MODE APPLY_INIT_STRAINS |
APPLY_REDUCTION_ALL | APPLY_INIT_STRESSES}+ : specify, which
actions related to ASR load should be considered.

The CHLORIDES, CARBONATION and d ASR element load use TIME_FNC_ID id

function to project the "solution" time t to "degradation" time td  f (t ) . (It is not a load's
multiplier).

3.7.1.7 The Sub-command &SPRING_DEFINITION

&SPRING_DEFINITION:
SPRING DIRECTION { x }ncoords NODE n MATERIAL n

Table 117: &SPRING_DEFINITION sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
DIRECTION { x }ncoords Spring direction.
E.g. DIRECTION x1 x2 [x3]
Component x3 is valid only in 3D problems. Positive internal
spring force acts in the direction given by this vector.
NODE n Node number, in which the spring is applied.
MATERIAL n Spring stiffness material id.
198

Table 118: Other parameters for command &LOAD

Parameter Description
ID n Load case identification.
NAME “load case name” Load case name in quotes, also for identification.
E.g.: NAME “load case name”
MASTER { [NODE] ni List of master nodes, their degrees of freedom and
[DOF] ii [*] xi }+ multipliers.
E.g.:
MASTER NODE n1 DOF i1 * f1 .... NODE nk DOF ik * fk
SLAVE { [NODE] ni [DOF] List of slave nodes and their degrees of freedom. They are
ii }+ ordered according to MASTER
E.g.:
SLAVE NODE n1 DOF d1 .... NODE nk DOF dk
VALUE x Prescribed nodal value, either displacement or force
depending on context.
E.g.: VALUE x
MASTER [SLAVE] Ids of master-slave nodal pairs.
[NODAL] [PAIRS] { ni ii }+ E.g.: MASTER [SLAVE] [NODAL] [PAIRS] n i , n i ,
1 1 2 2
n3 i3 ... ni ii
NODE n DOF n Node and its DOF specifying a place, where the simple
boundary condition is applied.
FUNCTION n Id of time function applied atop of a specified boundary
condition.
E.g.: FUNCTION n
{ X | Y | Z | DOF idof } Element body load components in reference coordinate
[VALUE] system, (in force per volume unit). If DOF idof is used, the
specified value applies to a DOF idof .
E.g. X [VALUE] x Y [VALUE] x Z [VALUE] x
TEMPERATURE Element temperature, (in deg).
STRAIN { X | Y | Z | XY | Component of element initial strain components in
YX | YZ | ZY | XZ | ZX } reference coordinates system.
[VALUE]
STRESS { X | Y | Z | XY | Component of element initial stress components in
YX | YZ | ZY | XZ | ZX } reference coordinates system.
[VALUE]
GROUP, ELEMENT Group and element ids, where the ELEMENT_LOAD is
applied.
ATENA Input File Format 199

3.7.1.8 The Sub-command &RIGID_BODY, &INVERSE_RIGID_BODY

&RIGID_BODY
RIGID_BODY MASTER_ID n SLAVE_SELECTION list_of_slaves FIX_DOFS
dofs_mask

Table 119: RIGID_BODY description

The RIGID_BODY command structure is a special case of

&COMPLEX_LOAD_DISPLACEMENT, when each slave node defined in the selection
list_of_slaves should be fixed with respect to the master node n, so that the couple nodes
behaves like a rigid frame in the structure. Only dofs specified in dofs_mask are affected.
The mask is coded as a bitwise number with 1 for fixed dofs and 0 for skipped dofs. A dof 1
is the most right bit, a dof 2 is the next bit to the left etc. As an example, if you want to fix
dislacement x, displacement y and rotation x, you need to set the mask as decimal number
11. (Decimal 11 is binary 1011).

&INVERSE_RIGID_BODY
INVERSE_RIGID_BODY SLAVE_ID n MASTER_SELECTION list_of_masters
FIX_DOFS dofs_mask MASTER_WEIGHTS (w1,w2…)

Table 120: INVERSE_RIGID_BODY description

The INVERSE_RIGID_BODY command structure is opposite to RIGID_BODY

command. While RIGID_BODY specifies that each DOF (in the mask) of each slave from
list_of_slaves is to be fixed by master node master_id, here each DOF of slave node should
be fixed by DOFs of master nodes defined in list_of_masters, i.e. only number of DOFS
constraint equations are generated (irrespective of number of masters!). Weighted average
of master nodes DOFs is used, as specified in master_weights. Number of masters weight
factors is ecpected to be entered.

3.7.1.9 The Sub-command &BEAM_NL_CONNECTION

&BEAM_NL_CONNECTION
BEAM_NL_CONNECTION LIST_OF_NODES list_of_nodes SKIP_DOFS_MASK
skip_mask MAX_COORDS_TOL max_tol

Table 121: BEAM_NL_CONNECTION description

The BEAM_NL_CONNECTION command forces ATENA to browse thru all

CCBeamNL_3 element groups and elements in it. If position of one element (axial) end
node is closed to the same of another element, the two end nodes are connected. If
list_of_nodes is not defined, this operation is carried out for all detected nodes. Otherwise,
only nodes from the list can be connected. In the same way: this boundary condition
connects all detected nodal deggre of freedom, (i.e. typically 6), unless skip_mask.is
defined. If it is defined, the DOFs with the corresponding bit set ON are skipped. The last
parameter, i.e. max_tol defines proximity region, from where two points are assumed to be
candidate for the connection. It is given in absolute length unit, i.g. 0.001.
200

3.8 Step and Execution Commands

3.8.1 The Command &STEP

Syntax:
&STEP:
STEP { ID n1 [ TO n2 [ BY n3 ] ] | &STEP_TYPE_AND_DATA | EXECUTE }+
Currently the following step types are available:
&STEP_TYPE_AND_DATA:
{&STATIC_STEP_DEFINITION | &TRANSIENT_STEP_DEFINITION |
&CREEP_STEP_DEFINITION | &DYNAMIC_STEP_DEFINITION}

Table 122: &STEP command parameters

Parameter Description
ID n1 [ TO n2 [ BY n3 ] ]
Steps interval that would be executed by EXECUTE
subcommand. By default n3=1, n2= n1.
&STEP_TYPE_AND_DA Type and data for a particular load step. Currently STATIC,
TA EXECUTE TRANSIENT, CREEP and DYNAMIC type are available.

EXECUTE Forces the immediate execution of the steps in interval ID n1

[ TO n2 [ BY n3 ] ].

&STATIC_STEP_DEFINITION:
[TYPE] STATIC { NAME “step name“ | ID n }+ {[LOAD] [CASE] ni * xi }+

Table 123: & STATIC_STEP_DEFINITION command parameters

Parameter Description
STATIC Static load step.
NAME “step name“ Step name in quotes that is going to be defined.
ID a Integral identification of the step “step name“.
[LOAD] [CASE] { ni * xi }+ Linear combination of load cases for step “step name”,
which are to be used in this step.
E.g.: LOAD CASE 1 * 1.5 2 * 0.8

&TRANSIENT_STEP_DEFINITION:
[TYPE] TRANSIENT { NAME “step name“ | ID n }+ {[LOAD] [CASE] ni * xi }+

Table 124: & TRANSIENT_STEP_DEFINITION command parameters

Parameter Description
TRANSIENT Transport analysis load step.
ATENA Input File Format 201

NAME “step name“ Step name in quotes that is going to be defined.

ID a Integral identification of the step “step name“.
[LOAD] [CASE] { ni * xi }+ Linear combination of load cases for step “step name”,
which are to be used in this step.
E.g.: LOAD CASE 1 * 1.5 2 * 0.8

&CREEP_STEP_DEFINITION
TYPE CREEP { NAME “step name“ | ID n | {AT|RESUME_AT} time | [ {FIXED |
INCREMENT } ] [LOAD] [CASE] ni * xi }+

Table 125: & CREEP_STEP_DEFINITION command parameters

Parameter Description
TYPE CREEP Creep load step. As creep analysis involve numerical time
integration, the creep step consists typically of several
“static like” integration steps, one for each sample time. It
starts at creep step time of the current creep step and stops
at min(time of the next creep step, execution_stop_time)
(see &CREEP_ANALYSIS_PARAMS.) The analysis
cannot exceed time_end, see &RETARDATION.
NAME “step name“ Step name in quotes that is going to be defined.
ID a Integral identification of the step “step name“.
{AT|RESUME_AT} time Time at the beginning of the current creep step, in [days]. If
"AT" label is used, ATENA assumes that an additional
loading is applied in this step and therefore it automatically
refines time integration, (i.e. it resets step time incerements
dt to 0.1 days). If "RESUME_AT" label is used, no
additional loading is assumed and thus, no special time
refinement is carried out. This option can be used for
getting user control and produce some print outs, figures
etc. during execution of creep analyses.
[LOAD] [CASE] | Linear combination of load cases for step “step name”,
[{FIXED | INCREMENT }] which are to be used in this step. The FIXED type of load is
{ ni * xi }+ evenly distributed into all applied integration time sub-steps
of the current creep step, whilst the INCREMENT type is
used only in the 1st integration sub-step. In the remaining
sub-steps they are applied, but load values are a priori
zeroised. Typically loads are specified as of INCREMENT
type and LHS boundary conditions as of FIXED type. By
default the FIXED type is assumed.
E.g.: LOAD CASE FIXED 1 * 1.5 2 * 0.8 INCRENENT
3 * 1.3 4 * 10.8

&DYNAMIC_STEP_DEFINITION
202

TYPE DYNAMIC { NAME “step name“ | ID n | AT time | [ {FIXED | INCREMENT }

] [LOAD] [CASE] ni * xi }+

Table 126: & DYNAMIC_STEP_DEFINITION command parameters

Parameter Description
TYPE DYNAMIC Dynamic analysis related load step. As dynamic analysis
involve numerical time integration, the dynamic step
consists typically of several “static like” integration steps,
one for each sample time. It starts at time of the current step
and stops at min( step time of the next dynamic step,
execution_stop_time). It behaves similarly to creep analysis,
however, dynamic analysis uses equal size sub-step time
lenghts.
NAME “step name“ Step name in quotes that is going to be defined.
ID a Integral identification of the step “step name“.
AT time Time at the beginning of the current dynamic step, in
[days].
If the step's id is defined in form of an interval, the value of
time´ is incremente based on current time increment dt.
[LOAD] [CASE] | Linear combination of load cases for step “step name”,
[{FIXED | INCREMENT }] which are to be used in this step. The FIXED type of load is
{ ni * xi }+ evenly distributed into all applied integration time sub-steps
of the current dynamic step, whilst the INCREMENT type
is used only in the 1st integration sub-step. In the remaining
sub-steps they are applied, but load values are a priori
zeroised. Typically loads are specified as of INCREMENT
type and LHS boundary conditions as of FIXED type. By
default the FIXED type is assumed.
E.g.: LOAD CASE FIXED 1 * 1.5 2 * 0.8 INCRENENT
3 * 1.3 4 * 10.8

3.9 Output Command

Apart from the following tables, please see also the ATENA 3D User’s Manual, section 5.5
Output Data Attributes or the ATENA Studio User’s Manual, section 4.4 Output Data
Attributes for additional information about most of the available output quantities.

3.9.1 The Command &OUTPUT

Syntax:
&OUTPUT :
{ OUTPUT | PRINT } { &OUTPUT_TYPE | &FORMAT_CSV | &REGEX | {
SPLIT_MONITOR_DATA_BY_LOCATION |
UNSPLIT_MONITOR_DATA_BY_LOCATION } | NAME “set_name” |
ATENA Input File Format 203

&EXPORT_IMPORT | &SUPLEMENT_MONITOR
[PRESERVE_OUTPUT_OPTIONS] | | REMOVE | { FILE_OPEN | FILE_CLOSE }
“file_name” “ [ { overwite | append } ] | [MAXIMUM |
MINIMUM|SUMMATION|AVERAGE]
[RECORD] LENGTH x | &LOCATION | | {TRACK | RECORD} &DATA |
TRACE { OFF | ON } | RECOVERY {LUMPED | VARIATIONAL|
NEAREST_IP } }+

&OUTPUT_TYPE:
{ STANDARD | { MONITOR | MONITOR_1 | MONITOR_2 | MONITORS| PLOT |
PLOT_1 | PLOT_2 } [ EACH {ITERATION | STEP} ] }

&EXPORT_IMPORT:
{ INTERPOLATE { FULL | NONE | STEP } EXPORT {DATA|CMDS} TO
"filename" | IMPORT {DATA|CMDS} FROM "filename_1”, "filename_2”…
"filename_n” }

& SUPLEMENT_MONITOR :
SUPLEMENT FROM n ARCHIVES "filename_1”, "filename_2”… "filename_n”"

&FORMAT_CSV:
{FORMAT__CSV_ON | FORMAT_CSV_OFF}

&REGEX:
{REGEX_ON | REGEX_OFF}

&LOCATION:
LOCATION { ELEMENT_IPS | ELEMENT_ NODES | NODES | GLOBAL |
LOAD_CASES | ELEMENT_TYPES | MATERIALS | GEOMETRIES |
OUTPUT_DATA } &LOCATION_LIST

&LOCATION_LIST:
{{ GROUP[S] &INTERVAL [ ELEMENT[S] &INTERVAL [ IP[S] &INTERVAL ] ]
| GROUP[S] &INTERVAL [ ELEMENT[S] &INTERVAL [ ENODE[S]
&INTERVAL ] ] | NODE[S] &INTERVAL | ID[S] &INTERVAL | LOC_1
&INTERVAL [ LOC_2 &INTERVAL [ LOC_3 &INTERVAL ] ] }+ }|{
MULTI_SELECTION AT [SELECTION] multi_selection_list }

&INTERVAL:
{ AT { n | FROM n [TO n [BY n]] | SELECTION selection_list} }+

&DATA:
DATA { ALL | { ITEM n [TO n [BY n]] LIST {“output_keyword” [RECALCULATE]
{ AT n1 FROM ITEM n1 [TO n2 [BY n3]] }+ END }+ }

Table 127: &OUTPUT command parameters

Parameter Description
204

OUTPUT | PRINT Two output channels are supported: the primary and secondary.
The primary channel is activated using the keyword OUTPUT and
it is managed in the same way as all the other standard I/O streams
in Atena. The secondary channel is activated by use of the keyword
PRINT. It is aimed for exporting Atena output to a third party
application via a disc file. Both the output channels can operate
simultaneously as required.
MONITOR | Adds output set “set_name“ into monitor output requests.
MONITOR_1 | Output format is set to produce output data records versus time, in
MONITOR_2 | which all output data (for a particular step or iteration, i.e. for a
MONITORS EACH particular time) are written into one line. The first word of such line
{ITERATION | contains “set_name“, followed by current step id , iteration id and
STEP } time, and then all output items are sequentially printed one after
another. Use “grep set_name” or similar to extract output lines
corresponding to “set_name” output data for their import into a
thirty-party post-processing package like spreadsheets etc.
The specified output command is processed after completing of
every iteration or step.
If the keyword MONITOR is specified, the MONITOR_1 set is
used.
Two output sets are available, one called MONITOR_1 and the
other MONITOR_2. Both of them can be used for monitoring
output data per iteration or per step, however, it is not
recommended to mix ouput monitors per iteration with monitors
per step into the same monitor set. (It would result in a table with
data delivered by iterations with empty slot for data monitored per
step, when convergence was not reached yet.). Hence, one of the
monitors is typically used for monitoring output at each iteration
and the other for output at each step.
Two output sets are particularly useful, if AtenaWin/ Atena Studio
is used for execution of the ATENA analysis. This is because
AtenaWin/AtenaStudio can directly plot all the data from the
monitors into 2D plots without need of any thirty-party SW.
However, in this case it is recommended to use the set
MONITOR_1 for output monitors per iteration and the set
MONITOR_2 for monitors per step, because AtenaWin /
AtenaStudio automatically allocates a monitor with information
about analysis convergence called "ConvergenceMonitor" into the
set MONITOR_1 and it produces convergence information per
iteration. The monitor MONITOR_1 is thus pre-selected" to output
monitors per iteration and MONITOR_2 remains free for step
monitors.
The option “MONITORS” is used for export/import data or
command from/to the both monitors, i.e. it operates on both sets
MONITOR_1 and MONITOR_2. It has nothing to do with
definition of a particular output data monitoring.
ATENA Input File Format 205

PLOT | PLOT_1 | The way of using the keywords PLOT | PLOT_1 | PLOT_2 is
PLOT_2 EACH nearly the same as the use of the keyword MONITOR |
{ITERATION | MONITOR_1 | MONITOR_2. When specified, it (also) creates a
STEP } set of data that can be printed or drawn in 2D plots. The following
table points out the differences:

Keyword PLOT | MONITOR |

PLOT_1 | MONITOR_1 |
PLOT_2 MONITOR_2
Output definition produces Yes No
actual output:
Output is produced No Yes
automatically at each step /
iteration during execution:
Output data are arranged by the current a time at
lines where each line time, (single automatic
corresponds to line marked execution of
t=0) the output
command,
(many lines
marked with
current t).
RAM requirements for Small. Only Large. Full
storing output: current data history is
are stored. maintained.
The data are typically drawn a fixed time at a single
as 2D plots at: and many location at
(It need not always be the locations many times
case).

{FORMAT_CSV_O Use standard or CSV output formatting

N|
FORMAT_CSV_OF
F}

{REGEX_ON | If REGEX_OFF , then output data request must be written exactly.

REGEX_OFF}] In this case it can be set before the actuall output data is available.
If REGEX_ON, the output data request is searched for using
regular expression. Only substring must match. It cannot be defined
beforehand.
SPLIT_MONITOR_ Split the monitor by location or leave it untouched. By default the
DATA_BY_LOCAT monitor is not splitted. For example, if we have monitor
ION | "NODAL_DISPLACEMENT", it can be split to separate monitors
206

UNSPLIT_MONIT "NODAL_DISPLACEMENT_AT_NODE_1",
OR_DATA_BY_LO "NODAL_DISPLACEMENT_AT_NODE_2" ...
CATION "NODAL_DISPLACEMENT_AT_NODE_n".
ELEMENT_NODE, ELEMENT_IPS AND ELEMENT Location's
data are splitted by elements, e.g.
"FORCES_AT_GROUP_20_ELEMENT_4". (The level 3 is not
accounted for).

STANDARD Output format is set to “table” oriented form, i.e. items are printed
in separate tables. Each line of such a table presents results for one
location.
Output command request is processed immediately after its issuing.
NAME “set_name” Name of monitor output set.
INTERPOLATE { Export/Import data from/to specified monitors. The “export” is
FULL | NONE | always for the current step, i.e. time. The import is for time saved
STEP } EXPORT in import archives. When importing, linear interpolation of
{DATA|CMDS} TO monitored output data can be requested. If “INTERPOLATE
"filename" | STEP” is specified, the imported output data are smoothly
IMPORT connected to the data from the recent step. If “INTERPOLATE
DATA|CMDS} FULL” is input, the imported data get connected to the lastly
FROM entered value, e.g. typically value for a last previous step, where
"filename_1”, the data were monitored for the last time. “INTERPOLATE
"filename_2”… NONE” suppresses any interpolation. "filename" is binary file into
"filename_n” which the data are exported. "filename_1”, "filename_2”…
"filename_n” are filenames of previously exported data that should
be now imported.
The “DATA” and “CMDS” options are used to export/import
actual output data/monitor output command requests.
SUPLEMENT Force Atena to automatically add the output data history into the
FROM n both monitors, (regardless of MONITOR_1/MONITOR_2 option).
ARCHIVES For each of the specified archive files it restores that file, (i.e.
"filename_1”, state), executes current output monitor requests and exports all
"filename_2”… results. After that, it restores back the current state and imports all
"filename_n” the exported data, thereby adding output data history, (i.e.
[PRESERVE_OUTP monitors) from the specified archives. This command is useful, if at
UT_OPTIONS] a later time it is needed to add some monitored data from previous
times, (i.e. from previous archives).
PRESERVE_OUTPUT_OPTIONS causes to use for the
supplemented monitor data current settings of the output data
conditions, (such as recovery type etc.) rather then the settings,
which were in use during the original execution.
REMOVE Removes output set “set_name” from monitor output requests.
{ FILE_OPEN | This command specifies the name of the output file to be opened or
FILE_CLOSE } closed. All output following this command will be redirected to this
ATENA Input File Format 207

“file_name” [ { file or the default stream. The open file is overwrited or appended.
overwite | append } ]

[RECORD] Maximum length of output record. Default value = 120.

LENGTH x
&LOCATION Specification of location type, where the data should be output.
If no location is specified, the whole model is assumed.
Some data are available only on one location type, e.g.
displacement are of type LOCATION NODES, the other have
more, e.g. stress has LOCATION NODES, LOCATION
ELEMENT NODE and ELEMENT INTERNAL POINT. The
location is also used for TRACE ON/OFF specification (see
below).
&LOCATION_LIST Output location, i.e. list of nodes, elements etc., where the data
should be output. By default output is done at all available
locations. Hence for example, in case of LOCATION_IPS the
location list GROUP 1 ELEMENTS 2 TO 5 prints data at all
internal points of elements 2,3,4, and 5 of group no. 1., list GROUP
2 TO 5 produces output at all IPs of all elements for groups 2
through 5 etc.
&INTERVAL Location interval for output. Alternatively location interval can be
specified by selection_list.
MULTI_SELECTIO Location ids for output are set by the selection list
N multi_selection_list. E.g. Ids of integration points are input
multi_selection_list. sequentially in the selection list as follows: {groupi, elementi, ipi},
i=1, number of input IPs
&DATA List of data to be output. Each data is characterized by associated
“output_keyword”. Actual list of available “output_keyword” is in
ATENA created dynamically based on current status of the
analysis. This list can be printed out in self-explanatory format by
the command OUTPUT LOCATION ATTRIBUTE DATA ALL.
Some of these “output_keyword“ are also explained in the
following table. For more information about the available output
data attributes, see also the GUE User Manuals - ATENA
Engineering 2D, 3D, ATENA Studio.
If only some items of “output_keyword” are desired, define them
by ITEM n [TO n [BY n]]. For example, if only stress x and y
are needed, type ITEM 1 TO 2.
The list of “output_keyword” is terminated by keyword END.
If all output data for a particular location type are requested, use
keyword ALL (instead of LIST “output_keyword_1”
“output_keyword_2” ...END structure).
If “RECALCULATE” keyword forces to recalculate the requested
output data even if they were previously computed and cached.
208

TRACE {OFF | ON} Flag for tracing results during iterations. By default, data (e.g. at
element IPs) can be traced even during iterations; (either by
OUTPUT MONITOR EACH ITERATION ... or from ATENA
GUI). As this extra output service costs not-negligible resources
(mainly RAM), the user may find reasonable to switch off this
service in case of extensive analyses (e.g. at areas being not critical
for structural over-all behavior). This output is available only for
the location ELEMENTS.
RECOVERY Method for recovering output data akin stress, strain etc. from IPs
{LUMPED | to element nodes. It can be either VARIATIONAL, in which case
VARIATIONAL | an energy based is used to do the recovery, or a simplified
NEAREST_IP } LUMPED method. The former one is more accurate and
theoretically thorough, however it is also more costly in terms of
CPU requirements. By default, the LUMPED approach is used.
Note that LUMPED is usually preferred for linear elements, whilst
VARIATIONAL is the best choice for nonlinear elements. The
third option, i.e. NEAREST_IP set values in element nodes to be
equal to those at the nearest integration point.
This output is available only for the location ELEMENTS.
MAXIMUM | Output only maximum, minimum, sum or average of all values
MINIMUM|SUMM over the printed domain, incl. loop over specified data
ATION|AVERAGE items(=components).
{TRACK | This flag is significant only for MONITOR output. If TRACK is
RECORD} used, the monitored output data are stored for later output and they
are also printed immediately. The keyword RECORD inhibits the
immediate output and the data are only stored for later use.
Default value: TRACK

Table 128: Output-type keywords understood by the command &OUTPUT for the location
type OUTPUT_DATA

Output keyword Description

CURRENT_OUTPUT_DATA_ATTRIBUTES List of output data, (i.e. list of
“output_keyword” currently available for
output.
RETARDATION_TIMES Retardation times used for approximation of
creep material compliance function.
LOAD_TIMES Times of creep load steps.
SAMPLE_TIMES Integration times for creep analysis.
GENERATED_CREEP_DATA Exact and approximated values of creep
material compliance function generated by a
creep material model.
STEP_LOAD Load cases applied at the current step.
MEASURED_WATER_LOSS Measured laboratory water loss in concrete for
improving creep model accuracy.
ATENA Input File Format 209

MEASURED_SHRINKAGE Measured laboratory shrinkage in concrete for

improving creep model accuracy.
MEASURED_COMPLIANCE Measured laboratory compliance of concrete for
improving creep model accuracy.
MONITOR_SET_1_set_name Output of previously monitored (and stored)
output data set set_name in MONITOR 1 or
PLOT 1
MONITOR_SET_2_set_name Output of previously monitored (and stored)
output data set set_name in MONITOR 2 or
PLOT 2.
SELECTION_IDS_selection_name List of entities in the selection list
selection_name.
SELECTION_GEN Data for selection lists generation.
DISCRETE_REINFORCEMENT Data for discrete reinforcement generation.
Superseded by data attribute
DISCRETE_REINFORCEMENT within
location type MACRO_ELEMENTS
ELAPSED_CPU_TIME Info about execution CPU time within steps.
SMART_IDS_MAP_INFO Info about maximum reference ids for the
mapped ATENA entities, such as nodes,
element groups etc.
EIGEN_VALUES Print calculated structural eigenvalues.
BEAM_CHECK_M_N_DATA M-N diagrams for CCBeam3D elements with
CCBeamMasonryMaterial and/or
CCBeamRCMaterial
CURRENT_RHS_BC Current values of RHS forces at nodes.
CURRENT_LHS_BC Current values of LHS boundary conditions at
nodes.
CURRENT_SORTED_LHS_BC Same as the above but sorted in different way.
FNC_xxx_yyy Output values for function xxx generated by
command yyy, see &FUNCTION command.

Table 129: Output-type keywords understood by the command &OUTPUT for the location
type GLOBAL

Output keyword Description

FEMODEL_ Characteristics of the finite element model.
CHARACTERISTICS
TASK_NAME Problem task name. The name specified using the
TASK command will be printed to the output
stream.
TASK_TITLE Title as it was specified using the TASK command.
STEP_ID Step identifications being currently executed.
SOLUTION_ Several parameters characterising solution process.
CHARACTERISTICS
EIGENVALUES_CHARACTERIS A few parameters used by eignevalues and
TICS eigenvectors analysis
210

CONVERGENCE_CRITERIA Parameters for assessing convergence

performance.
ARC_LENGTH_PARAMS Parameters relevant for Arc Length method.
LINE_SEARCH_PARAMS Parameters relevant for Line Search method.
STEP_CONVERGENCE Values of convergence characteristics as printed in
“message” file
LOAD_CASES_CONTRIBUTION Load cases contribution, i.e. sums of load cases
coefficient from the previous steps multiplied by
step lambda factor. Note that this values can only
be monitored after step, not in iterations.
USER_LOAD_CASES_CONTRIB Same as the above, but it prints out only user
UTION defined load case. Internally generated load cases
are skipped, (e.g. connection between
reinforcement and surrounding solids).
PUSHOVER_ANALYSIS_PARA Input parameters and results for/of Pushover
MS analysis. Note that the analysis is available only for
static analysis without creep.

Table 130: Output-type keywords understood by the command &OUTPUT for the location
type LOAD_CASES

Output keyword Description

SUPPORT_SLAVE_NODES List of slave nodes in specification of LHS boundary
conditions.
SUPPORT_MASTER_NODES List of master nodes in specification of LHS
boundary conditions.
LOAD_SLAVE_NODES List of slave nodes in specification of RHS boundary
conditions, i.e. nodal loads.
MASTER_SLAVE_NODES For each Master-Slave BC lists id of slave and
master nodes, together with their recommended
values.
ELEMENT_LOAD Data for element load, such as element initial
stress/strain load, body/boundary load, prestressing
… applied to elements

Table 131: Output-type keywords understood by the command &OUTPUT for the location
type ELEMENTS

Output keyword Description

ELEMENT_INCIDENCES Element incidences, i.e. element nodal connectivity.
CRACK_ATTRIBUTES Crack attributes at IP.
See ATENA 2D User’s Manual, section 2.8.5.29
Results - Load step i - Elements - Crack attributes
for details.
ELEMENT_MATERIAL_TYPES Material types at element integration points
BEAM_NL_MIDPOINT PARAMS Several parameters describing element
state/conditions for CCBeam3D element at its
middle point, (only for beam with a material derived
from CCBeamBaseMaterial).
ATENA Input File Format 211

ASR_KSI ASR load data, such as ksi etc.

Table 132: Output-type keywords understood by the command &OUTPUT for the location
type ELEMENT_IPS

Output keyword Description

IP_COORDINATES Coordinates of element internal points (i.e.
material integration points).
DISPLACEMENTS_AT_IPS Element displacements at its integration points.
STRAIN Green-Lagrange strains, i.e. total strains minus
initial trains due to temperature load and initial
strains load.
TOTAL_STRAIN Total strains corresponding to the deformations.
PRINCIPAL_STRAIN Principal engineering strains.
STRESS Element stresses.
PRINCIPAL_STRESS Principal element stresses.
PERFORMANCE_INDEX Index for material performance characteristics.
SBETA_STATE_VARIABLES State variables for SBETA material model at
element internal points. Similar output is available
also for other materials.
See ATENA 2D User’s Manual, section 2.8.5.9
Results - Load step i - Nodes - Sbeta State
Variables for details.
EPS_MI Value of internal creep variables.
ELEM_INIT_STRAIN_INCR Current element initial strain increment (total from
all loads for the current time step).
TOTAL_ELEM_INIT_STRAIN Current element initial total strain (total from all
loads and all time steps).
ELEM_INIT_STRESS_INCR Current element initial stress increment (total from
all loads for the current time step).
TOTAL_ELEM_INIT_STRESS Current element initial total stress (total from all
loads and all time steps).
ELEM_TEMPERATURE_INCR Current element incrementally applied
temperatures (total from all loads for the current
time step).
ELEM_TOTAL_TEMPERATURE Total temperatures
EPS_MI Internal material variables for creep analysis using
Dirichlet series.
BOND_STRESS Bond stress between reinforcement and concrete.
CABLE_FORCE Forces in external cables.
FRACTURE_STRAIN Fracture strains
PLASTIC_STRAIN Plastic strains
CRACK_ATTRIBUTES Crack attributes containing the number of cracks,
their direction, openings and surface stresses.
See ATENA 2D User’s Manual, section 2.8.5.29
Results - Load step i - Elements - Crack attributes
for details.
TENSILE_STRENGTH Current values of tensile strength
212

MAXIMAL_FRACT_STRAIN Maximal value of fracture strain reached during the

analysis for each material direction.
MATERIAL_TRANSFORMATION Coordinate transformation matrix from global to
_MATRIX local material coordinate system.
CRACKING_MODULI Crack opening stiffnesses for each material
direction including shear components.
DIRECTION_STATUS Cracking status information for each material
direction.
PERFORMANCE_INDEX Relative stress error in the evaluation of the
material model.
YIELD/CRUSH_INFO Yielding/crushing status information
SOFT/HARD_PARAMETER Softening/hardening parameter
EQ_PLASTIC_STRAIN Equivalent plastic strain. The calculation method
depends on the used material model.
ELEM_MASS_ACCEL_LOAD_IN Element load increments due to the element’s
CR acceleration, (for a particular step), transformed
into nodal concentrated forces.
TOTAL_MASS_ACCEL_LOAD Total element load due to the element’s
acceleration transformed into nodal concentrated
forces.
BEAM_ELEM_NL_PARAMS A few parameters describing nonlinear behaviour
of CCBeam3D elements.
ASR_MATER_PROPS_COEFFS Coefficients for material parameters E, ft and Gf
due to ASR degradation
ASR_TOTAL_ELEM_STRAIN Total expansion strains due to ASR degradation

Table 133: Output-type keywords understood by the command &OUTPUT for the location
type ELEMENT_NODES

Output keyword Description

STRAIN Green-Lagrange strains, see the same output in the
above table.
TOTAL_STRAIN Total strain in the structure.
PRINCIPAL_STRAIN Principal engineering strains.
STRESS Element stresses.
PRINCIPAL_STRESS Principal element stresses.
SBETA_STATE_VARIABLES State variables for SBETA material model at
element nodes. Similar output is available also for
other materials.
See ATENA 2D User’s Manual, section 2.8.5.9
Results - Load step i - Nodes - Sbeta State
Variables for details.
PERFORMANCE_INDEX Index for material performance characteristics.
BOND_SLIP Slips along the bar reinforcement with the
reinforcement bond model.
BOND_STRESS Bond stress between reinforcement and concrete.
CABLE_FORCE Forces in external cables.
FRACTURE_STRAIN Fracturing strains
ATENA Input File Format 213

PLASTIC_STRAIN Plastic strains

TENSILE_STRENGTH Current values of tensile strength
MAXIMAL_FRACT_STRAIN Maximal value of fracture strain reached during the
analysis for each material direction.
PERFORMANCE_INDEX Relative stress error in the evaluation of the
material model.
YIELD/CRUSH_INFO Yielding/crushing status information
SOFT/HARD_PARAMETER Softening/hardening parameter
EQ_PLASTIC_STRAIN Equivalent plastic strain. The calculation method
depends on the used material model.
ELEMENT_CRACK_VOLUME Coordinates of shell’s volume with cracks
ELEM_INIT_STRAIN_INCR Current element initial strain increment (total from
all loads for the current time step).
TOTAL_ELEM_INIT_STRAIN Current element initial total strain (total from all
loads and all time steps).
ELEMENT_ORIENTATION Element orientation for bricks, Ahmad and beam
elements. Useful especially for checking reference
depth vectors of shells and beams.
ELEM_INIT_STRESS_INCR Current element initial stress increment (total from
all loads for the current time step).
TOTAL_ELEM_INIT_STRESS Current element initial total stress (total from all
loads and all time steps).
ELEM_TEMPERATURE_INCR Current element incrementally applied
temperatures (total from all loads for the current
time step).
ELEM_TOTAL_TEMPERATURE Total temperatures
INTEG_STRESS Cross sectional forces and moments for bended
elements
M_N_Q_BEAM Same as the above for beam elements.
M_N_Q_SHELL Same as the above for shell elements.
ELEM_MASS_ACCEL_LOAD_IN Element load increments due to the element’s
CR acceleration, (for a particular step), transformed
into nodal concentrated forces.
TOTAL_MASS_ACCEL_LOAD Total element load due to the element’s
acceleration transformed into nodal concentrated
forces.
BEAM_FORCES Nx,Vy,Vz,Kx,My,Mz beam forces for CCBeam3D
element.
ULTIMATE_BEAM_FORCES Ultimate Nx,Vy,Vz,Kx,My,Mz beam forces for
CCBeam3D element, (only for beam with a
material derived from CCBeamBaseMaterial).
BEAM_NL_PARAMS Several parameters describing element
state/conditions for CCBeam3D element, (only for
beam with a material derived from
CCBeamBaseMaterial).
CARBONATION_DATA_AT_surfa Data about concrete degradation due to
ce_name carbonation progressing from surface
surface_name
214

CHLORIDES_DATA_AT_surface_ Data about concrete degradation due to chlorides

name progressing from surface surface_name
REINF_CORROSION Data about reinforcement degradation due to
chlorides and carbonation
ASR_MATER_PROPS_COEFFS Coefficients for material parameters E, ft and Gf
due to ASR degradation
ASR_TOTAL_ELEM_STRAIN Total expansion strains due to ASR degradation

Table 134: Output-type keywords understood by the command &OUTPUT for the location
type NODES

Output keyword Description

NODAL_DEGREES_OF_FREE Output number of all degrees of freedom or associated
DOM DOFs boundary conditions
REFERENCE_NODAL_COOR Reference nodal coordinates
DINATES
CURRENT_NODAL_COORDI Current nodal coordinates.
NATES
STRAIN Green-Lagrange strains.
TOTAL_STRAIN Total strain including initial strains due to element
load.
PRINCIPAL_STRAIN Principal engineering strains.
STRESS Element stresses.
PRINCIPAL_STRESS Principal element stresses.
SBETA_STATE_VARIABLES State variables for SBETA material model at nodes.
Similar output is available also for other materials.
See ATENA 2D User’s Manual, section 2.8.5.9 Results
- Load step i - Nodes - Sbeta State Variables for details.
PERFORMANCE_INDEX Index for material performance characteristics.
DISPLACEMENTS Current minus reference nodal coordinates, (i.e. nodal
displacements).
PARTIAL_INTERNAL_FORC Internal forces at nodes
ES
PARTIAL_EXTERNAL_FORC Applied nodal forces (i.e. loading).
ES
PARTIAL_REACTIONS Global reactions.
PARTIAL_RESIDUAL_FORC Applied nodal forces minus internal forces.
ES
INTERNAL_FORCES Internal forces at nodes (compacted).
EXTERNAL_FORCES Applied nodal forces (i.e. loading). (compacted)
REACTIONS Global reactions (compacted)
RESIDUAL_FORCES Applied nodal forces minus internal forces
(compacted).
EPS_MI Value of internal creep variables.
BOND_STRESS Bond stress between reinforcement and concrete.
ATENA Input File Format 215

CABLE_FORCE Forces in external cables.

FRACTURE_STRAIN Fracturing strains
PLASTIC_STRAIN Plastic strains
TENSILE_STRENGTH Current values of tensile strength
MAXIMAL_FRACT_STRAIN Maximal value of fracture strain reached during the
analysis for each material direction.
PERFORMANCE_INDEX Relative stress error in the evaluation of the material
model.
YIELD/CRUSH_INFO Yielding/crushing status information
SOFT/HARD_PARAMETER Softening/hardening parameter
EQ_PLASTIC_STRAIN Equivalent plastic strain. The calculation method
depends on the used material model.
ELEM_INIT_STRAIN_INCR Current element initial strain increment (total from all
loads for the current time step).
TOTAL_ELEM_INIT_STRAIN Current element initial total strain (total from all loads
and all time steps).
ELEM_INIT_STRESS_INCR Current element initial stress increment (total from all
loads for the current time step).
TOTAL_ELEM_INIT_STRESS Current element initial total stress (total from all loads
and all time steps).
ELEM_TEMPERATURE_INC Current element incrementally applied temperatures
R (total from all loads for the current time step).
ELEM_TOTAL_TEMPERATU Total temperatures
RE
EIGENVECTORS_x Structure eigenvectors of the mode x, e.g.
EIGENVECTORS_1 to print the 1st eigenvector.
IMPERFECTIONS Incremental values of imperfect structural geometry
(with regards to its reference coordinates).
ACCELERATION Total nodal accelerations within dynamic analysis.
Note the difference: other BCs are typically input as an
increment per step.
VELOCITIES Total nodal accelerations within dynamic analysis. .
Note the difference: other BCs are typically input as an
increment per step.
ELEM_MASS_ACCEL_LOAD Element load increments due to the element’s
_INCR acceleration, (for a particular step), transformed into
nodal concentrated forces.
TOTAL_MASS_ACCEL_LOA Total element load due to the element’s acceleration
D transformed into nodal concentrated forces.
BEAM_FORCES Nx,Vy,Vz,Kx,My,Mz beam forces for CCBeam3D
element.
CARBONATION_DATA_AT_s Data about concrete degradation due to carbonation
urface_name progressing from surface surface_name
CHLORIDES_DATA_AT_surfa Data about concrete degradation due to chlorides
ce_name progressing from surface surface_name
216

REFERENCE_BORDER_COO Cummulated geometrical distance of output nodes with

RDINATE respect to the previous node. This output data is used as
the horizontal coordinate for plots of value along some
border, cutting lines etc.
ASR_MATER_PROPS_COEFF Coefficients for material parameters E, ft and Gf due to
S ASR degradation
ASR_TOTAL_ELEM_STRAIN Total expansion strains due to ASR degradation

Table 135: Output-type keywords understood by the command &OUTPUT for the location
type GEOMETRIES

Output keyword Description

2DGEOMETRY Parameters for 2D geometry.
3DGEOMETRY Parameters for 3D geometry.
BEAM_GEOMETRY Parameters for beam geometry.
CABLE_GEOMETRY Parameters for type “external cable” geometry.
SPRING_GEOMETRY Parameters for geometry of springs.
TRUSS_GEOMETRY Parameters for truss geometry.
LAYRED_SHELL_GEOMETRY Parameters for layered shell geometry, (e.g. used by
Ahmad degenerated shell element.
BEAM_3D_GEOMETRY Parameters for 3D curved beam element.

Table 136: Output-type keywords understood by the command &OUTPUT for the location
type ELEMENT_TYPES

Output keyword Description

ELEMENT_TYPE List of defined element types.

Table 137: Output-type keywords understood by the command &OUTPUT for the location
type MATERIALS

Output keyword Description

MATERIALS List of defined materials with their parameters.
CURRENT_MATERIAL_PAR Values of current material parameters for creep analysis
AMETERS like Dirichlet series coefficients, material strength in
compression etc.

Table 138: Output-type keywords understood by the command &OUTPUT for the location
type MACRO_ELEMENTS

Output keyword Description

ATENA Input File Format 217

MACRO_ELEMENT_DATA Input data characterizing macro elements. See also data

MACRO_ELEMENT_INCIDENCES and
MACRO_ELEMENT_PROPERTIES
DISCRETE_REINFORCEMEN Data for discrete reinforcement generation.
T Supersedes data attribute
DISCRETE_REINFORCEMENT within location type
OUTPUT_DATA
MACRO_ELEMENT_INCIDE List of principal macro nodes that define each macro
NCES element.
MACRO_ELEMENT_PROPER Properties of macroelements and their principal nodes
TIES
MACRO_ELEMENT_GENER List of finite elements that were created during
ATED_ELEMENTS generation of each macro element.
MACRO_ELEMENT_GENER List of FE nodes that were created during generation of
ATED_NODES each macro element.

Table 139: Output-type keywords understood by the command &OUTPUT for the location
type MACRO_NODES

Output keyword Description

MACRO_NODAL_COORDIN Coordinates of macro nodes.

ATES

Examples:
OUTPUT LOCATION OUTPUT_DATA DATA LIST "CURRENT_SORTED_LHS_BC"
END
OUTPUT NAME "displ" MONITOR_1 EACH ITERATION
LOCATION NODES NODE AT 132 DATA LIST "DISPLACEMENTS" ITEM AT 3
END
OUTPUT NAME "s_coord" PLOT_2 LOCATION NODES NODE AT SELECTION
"border_nodes" DATA LIST "REFERENCE_BORDER_COORDINATE" END
ITEM FROM 1 TO 1 ;

3.10 Creep Analysis Related Commands

The following section describes commands used for creep analysis. See also
&CREEP_MATERIAL, &CREEP_ANALYSIS_PARAMS and
&CREEP_STEP_DEFINITION sub-commands.
218

3.10.1 The Command &RETARDATION

The command is used to define retardation times for approximation of material creep
compliance function by Dirichlet series. Coefficients of the approximation are set either by
the Least Square Method, the case of using DISCRETE [SPECTRUM] keywords, or by
Inverse Laplace Transformation, i.e. the case of CONTINUOUS [SPECTRUM]. By
continuous is meant ATENA will use continuous rather then discrete retardation spectrum. By
default, discrete approach is preferred. The 3rd derivation of the compliance function is
employed to compute the Inverse Laplace Transformation. The retardation times will be
generated from time_start to time_end (both inclusive) so that there will be ndecl_retard
points evenly distributed at log10 time span. The exact meaning of these parameters slightly
differs for the case of discrete and continuous approach. It is explained in more details in the
ATENA theoretical manual. By default, it is generated one retardation time per log10 days.
Note that it is not possible to carry on the analysis beyond time_end and it is not possible re-
generate the retardation times later in the analysis, because it would result in serious
inaccuracy of compliance function approximation.
Syntax:
&RETARDATION_TIMES:
RETARDATION [TIMES] [FOR] [EXECUTION] [ {DISCRETE | CONTINUOUS}]
[SPECTRUM] [TIME[S]] FROM time_start TO time_end
RETARD_TIMES_PER_DECADE ndecl_retard

3.10.2 The command &HISTORY_IMPORT

The command forces ATENA to import data about humidity and temperature history at
structural nodes that were before hand computed by CCStructuresTransport ATENA’s
execution module.
Syntax:
&HISTORY_IMPORT:
HISTORY { [IMPORT [GEOMETRY geometry_filename] | [RESULTS] results_filename ]2
| [NUMBER] | [OF] | [INTERVALS] | [FOR] | HUMIDITY num_int_hum |
TEMPERATURE num_int_temp | HUMIDITY_ABS_MAX_ERROR err1 |
HUMIDITY_REL_MAX_ERROR err2 | TEMPERATURE_ABS_MAX_ERROR err3 |
TEMPERATURE_REL_MAX_ERROR err4 | TIME_UNITS "time_units"}+

Table 140: &HISTORY_IMPORT command parameters

Parameter Description
results_filename Name of binary file with the history. It must be the same
as that specified for HISTORY EXPORT command in the
CCStructuresTransport module. It should be enclosed in
double quote character (“).
geometry_filename Name of binary file with geometry of the imported model.
It must be the same as that specified for HISTORY
EXPORT command in the CCStructuresTransport module.
It should be enclosed in double quote character (“). If
omitted, identical imported and current models are
ATENA Input File Format 219

assumed.
num_int_hum Number of intervals into which nodal humidities at each
time step should be sorted. By default num_int_hum=1.
num_int_temp Number of intervals into which nodal temperatures at each
time step should be sorted. By default num_int_temp=1.
HUMIDITY_ABS_MAX_ER Relative and absolute humidity and temperature “errors”
ROR err1 | that are considered as negligible. The values are used
HUMIDITY_REL_MAX_ERR during mapping of moisture and humidity histories at
OR err2 | structural material points. If the tested and master values
TEMPERATURE_ABS_MAX differ less than as it is required by these maximum
_ERROR err3 | “errors”, than no new history is created and the tested
material point is mapped towards the master material
TEMPERATURE_REL_MAX point. By default, these “errors” are set to 0.1.
_ERROR err4
TIME_UNITS "time_units" The TIME_UNITS "time_units" allows to specify, which
time units were used to calculate and write the transpored
analysis results in the file results_file_name. It is specified
in the same way as in the Unit command.
By default no time unit conversion is made.

3.11 Dynamic Analysis Related Commands

Dynamic analysis of structures has been developed in an engineering module
CCStructuresDynamic. Hence, /M CCStructuresDynamic switch must be specified on the
ATENA command line, in order to invoke the correct execution module.
The included eigenvalues and eigenvectors analysis is available in any engineering module
derived for CCStructures, i.e. CCStructures, CCStructuresCreep and CCStructuresDynamic.
In general, the module CCStructuresDynamic is (similarly to CCStructuresCreep) an
extension of the module CCStructures, from which it inherits many common services and
input commands. Other services and input commands are borrowed from CCStructuresCreep
and CCStructuresTransport modules.
The aim of this section is to describe additional input command that are specific for dynamic
analysis and to point out small modification of the commands existing in other engineering
modules to serve purposes of dynamic analyses.

3.11.1 Finite element and material model related data

Most structural finite element and any structural material available for static analysis can be
used also for dynamic analysis. Of course, unlike in statics, dynamic analysis needs proper
value of material density, i.e. the RHO parameter.
220

3.11.2 Dynamic initial values of state variables

The initial structural accelerations and velocities at finite nodes are set in a similar way to
their specification within CCStructuresTransport module. By default, zero initial
accelerations and velocities at nodes are assumed.
The nodal initial conditions can be set by the input command
&DYNAMIC_INITIAL_CONDITIONS:

Syntax:
&DYNAMIC_INITIAL_CONDITIONS:
NODAL {ACCEL_VEL | VEL_ACCEL | ACCELERATION | VELOCITY }
[SETTINGS] { &MANUAL_INITIAL_VALUES_ENTRY |
&GENERATED_INITIAL_VALUES }

&MANUAL_INITIAL_VALUES_ENTRY:
{ NODE n VEL vel_x vel_y [vel_z] | ACCEL accel_x accel_y [accel_z] }

Table 141: Nodal Initial Conditions Definition (manual entries)

Sub-Command Description
NODE n Set initial conditions for node n.
VEL vel_x vel_y [vel_z] Specify initial nodal velocities in direction of global
coordinates. 3D problems need 3 values, 2D problems only
two values..
ACCEL accel_x accel_y Input initial nodal acceleration in similar way as the above
[accel_z] initial velocities input.

&GENERATED_INITIAL_VALUES:

NODAL [SETTING] SELECTION "selection_name" | { { CONST const_vector |

COEFF_X coeff_x_vector | COEFF_Y coeff_y_vector | COEFF_Z coeff_z_vector
}+ | { EQN "eqn" } } {GENERATE_ACCEL | GENERATE_VEL} }+

Table 142: Nodal Initial Conditions Definition (generated entries)

Sub-Command Description
SELECTION Name of selection, for which the generation is requested.
"selection_name"
{GENERATE_ACCEL | Keyword for entities to be generated. The values in global
GENERATE_VEL } structural directions are generated as linear combination:
CONST const_vector
COEFF_X coeff_x_vector |
COEFF_Y coeff_y_vector |
ATENA Input File Format 221

COEFF_Z coeff_z_vecor valuex  const (1)  x coeff x (1)  y coeff y (1)  z coeff z (1)
EQN "eqn" valuey  const (2)  x coeff x (2)  y coeff y (2)  z coeff z (2)
valuez  const (3)  x coeff x (3)  y coeff y (3)  z coeff z (3)

x,y,z are coordinates of nodes, where the generation is

processed. The vecor of values, e.g. const_vector must
include 3 or 2 values for 2D or 3D problems, respectively.
Alternatively, the initial values can be input directly by "eqn",
where it is also possible to use placeholders for the above x,y,z
are coordinates of nodes.

Example:
NODAL VEL_ACCEL SETTING NODE 1 VEL 0.0030 0. 0. ACCEL -0.005370861556 0.
0.
NODAL VEL_ACCEL SELECTION “my_selection”
CONST 0.0030 0. 0. COEFF_X 0. 0. 0. COEFF_Y -0.6523648649 0. 0. COEFF_Z 0. 0. 0.1
GENERATE_VEL
CONST -0.005370861556 0. 0. COEFF_X 0. 0. 0. COEFF_Y 0. 0.1 0. COEFF_Z 0. 0. 0.
GENERATE_ ACCEL.

NODAL VEL_ACCEL SETTING SELECTION "all_nodes"

EQNS "0." "-3.461644974+1.730822487*cos(0.3683608667*x)+1.493980135*exp(-
0.3683608667*x)+0.2368423513*exp(0.3683608667*x)+2.277285924*sin(0.3683608667*x)
" GENERATE_VEL // Set initial velocities

3.11.3 CCStructuresDynamic Set parameters

The standard SET parameters specified via the &ANALYSIS_TYPE, subcommand
&TRANSIENT, are dynamic analysis extended. For more details see the enhanced version of
the subcommand, i.e. &TRANSIENT.

Table 143: &ANALYSIS_TYPE sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
&TRANSIENT Set transient analysis and set some parameters for it.

Syntax:
&TRANSIENT:
TRANSIENT { [TIME] CURRENT x | [TIME] INCREMENT x | STOP_TIME
execution_stop_time | LAST_TIME last_time | NEWMARK_METHOD |
HUGHES_ALPHA_METHOD | } | NEWMARK BETA x |
NEWMARK_GAMMA x | HUGHES_ALPHA x | DAMPING STIFFNESS
[COEFFICIENT] x | DAMPING MASS [COEFFICIENT] x }+
222

Table 144: ANALYSIS_TYPE subcommands for the transport analysis

Parameter Description
[TIME] CURRENT x Sets current time.
[TIME] INCREMENT x Sets time increment in steps.
STOP_TIME Time at which the execution should stop.
execution_stop_time

LAST_TIME last_time Set the final time of the analysis.

NEWMARK_METHOD Dynamic analysis method to be used.
| Default value: HUGHES_ALPHA_METHOD
HUGHES_ALPHA_ME
THOD
NEWMARK BETA x | Defines the Newmark’s  parameter, the Newmark’s 
NEWMARK_GAMMA parameter and the Hughes  damping parameter. By default
x | HUGHES_ALPHA x these parameters are 0.35, 0.6 and -0.05 respectively.
DAMPING STIFFNESS Defines stiffness matrix coefficient for proportional damping.
[COEFFICIENT] x E.g.: DAMPING STIFFNESS COEFFICIENT 0.8
Default value: 0
DAMPING MASS Defines mass matrix coefficient for proportional damping.
[COEFFICIENT] x E.g.: DAMPING MASS COEFFICIENT 0.8
Default value: 0

3.11.4 Step definition

Definition of the STEP within dynamic analysis is analogous to the definition for creep step,
see &CREEP_STEP_DEFINITION. The only difference is that instead of “TYPE CREEP”
you will know use “TYPE DYNAMIC”.

3.11.5 Lumped masses

Structural lumped masses are input as a specification of loading case. They are input in the
same way as concentrated loads; only LUMPED_MASSES keyword must be used, see simple
support, see &LOAD_FORCES.

3.11.6 Eigenvalue and eigenvectors analysis

The analysis of structural eigenvalues and eigenvectors is available in any engineering
module derived from CCStructures, Currently it comprises modules CCStructure,
CCStructureCreep and, of course, CCStructuresDynamic. It uses Inverse subspace iteration
methods to find a specified number of the lowest eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the
structure.
ATENA Input File Format 223

There are few new SET &EIGENVALUES parameters as described below, see &SET,
subparameter &ANALYSIS_TYPE

Table 145: &Eigenvalue Set sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
&EIGENVALUES Set some parametyers for eigenvalues analysis.

Syntax:
& EIGENVALUES:
{ NUMBER_OF_EIGENVALS n | MAX_EIGENVAL_ERROR r |
MAX_NUMBER_OF_SSPACE_ITERATIONS n |
REQUEST_STURM_SEQUENCE_CHECK {YES | NO} |
MAX_NUMBER_OF_JACOBI_ITERATIONS n | NUMBER_OF_PROJ_VECS
n | SHIFT_EIGENVALUES shift, }+

Table 146: The eigenvalue analysis SET parameters

Parameter Description
NUMBER_OF_EIGENV Sets number of the lowest eigenmodes that should be calculated.
ALS n Default value: 10
MAX_EIGENVAL_ERR Maximum eigenvalues error that is tolerated.
OR r Default value: 1.E-6
MAX_NUMBER_OF_S Max. number of subspace iterations.
SPACE_ITERATIONS n Default value: 16

STURM_SEQUENCE_C Flag for requesting Sturm check that no eigenvalue got missed
HECK {YES | NO} during the solution. This check is supported only by the direct
skyline solver. Using of a sparse matrix solver will turn down
eventual request for the Sturm check.
MAX_NUMBER_OF_J Max. number of iteration within Jacobi. The Jacobi procedure
ACOBI_ITERATIONS n computes eigenmodes of the projected global eigenvalues
problem via minimization of Rayleigh quotient. Hence, within
each (“main”) iteration of inverse subspace iteration method
another iterating process is executed in Jacobi. The value of n
sets maximum number of these iterations that are allowed.
Default value: 12
NUMBER_OF_PROJ_V Defines number of projection vector used by Rayleigh quotient
ECS n method. It must be equal or bigger than the number of required
eigenvalues.
Default value: min(2*n_eigenvals, eigenvals+8), where
n_eigenvals is the number of required eigenvalues.
224

DAMPING STIFFNESS Defines stiffness matrix coefficient for proportional damping.

[COEFFICIENT] x E.g.: DAMPING STIFFNESS COEFFICIENT 0.8
DAMPING MASS Defines mass matrix coefficient for proportional damping.
[COEFFICIENT] x E.g.: DAMPING MASS COEFFICIENT 0.8
SHIFT_EIGENVALUES Value by which the structural eigenvalues should be shifted.
shift (Eigenvalue is 2nd power of structural circular eigenfrequency).
NORMALIZE_EIGENV Flag for request to normalize eigenvectors during iterations.
ECTORS {YES | NO} Although this normalizing is source of a small CPU time
overhead, it is recommended, because it improves numerical
stability of the eigenmode analysis.

3.11.7 Eigenvalues and eigenvectors analysis execution command

Eigenvectors and eigenmodes analysis is executed by the following commands:
Syntax:
&EIGENVECTORS &STATIC_STEP_DEFINITION
Static step definition defines structural boundary Dirichlet conditons and is the same as for
the case of static analysis.

3.11.8 Sample input data for transient dynamic analysis

The following lines are an example of input data to analyze a cantilever subject to harmonic
concentrated load at its free end. The structure is modeled by a few shell elements. It has a
proportional damping.

// Forced Vibration Analysis of a Spring Mass System (see vynucene_kmitani.mws)

// with proportional dumping
//
// 3 nonlinear shells + 4th shell as lumped mass at the end
//
// -for a finer analysis, change e.g. SET TRANSIENT TIME INCREMENT 0.02
// -for Nemark method, change eg. SET TRANSIENT HUGHES ALPHA -0.00 (or
uncomment/comment the relevant lines)

TASK name "Test Ahmad elems"

dimension 3

//----------------------------------------------------------------------------\\
// Material definition \\
ATENA Input File Format 225

//----------------------------------------------------------------------------\\

MATERIAL
id 1
name "Spring"
type "CC3DElastIsotropic"
E 30
Mu 0.00
Rho 0.000000000001
Alpha 1.200E-05

MATERIAL
id 2
name "Spring"
type "CC3DElastIsotropic"
E 30000000
Mu 0.00
Rho 156.
Alpha 1.200E-05

//----------------------------------------------------------------------------\\
// Element type definition \\
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------\\

ELEMENT TYPE
id 1
name "1D Truss"
type "CCAhmadElement33L9"

//----------------------------------------------------------------------------\\
// Geometry definition \\
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------\\

GEOMETRY ID 1 Name "Spring" TYPE "LayeredShell"

SOLID
226

LAYER 1 MATERIAL 1 THICKNESS 0.2

LAYER 2 MATERIAL 1 THICKNESS 0.2
LAYER 3 MATERIAL 1 THICKNESS 0.2
LAYER 4 MATERIAL 1 THICKNESS 0.2
LAYER 5 MATERIAL 1 THICKNESS 0.2
LAYER 6 MATERIAL 1 THICKNESS 0.2
LAYER 7 MATERIAL 1 THICKNESS 0.2
LAYER 8 MATERIAL 1 THICKNESS 0.2
LAYER 9 MATERIAL 1 THICKNESS 0.2
LAYER 10 MATERIAL 1 THICKNESS 0.2

//----------------------------------------------------------------------------\\
// Joint coordinates definition \\
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------\\

JOINT COORDINATES

1 0.00e+000 0.00e+000 1.0000000

2 0.00e+000 0.5000000 1.0000000
3 0.00e+000 1.0000000 1.0000000
4 0.00e+000 0.00e+000 0.5000000
5 0.00e+000 1.0000000 0.5000000
6 0.00e+000 0.00e+000 0.00e+000
7 0.00e+000 0.5000000 0.00e+000
8 0.00e+000 1.0000000 0.00e+000
9 0.5000000 0.00e+000 1.0000000
10 0.5000000 1.0000000 1.0000000
11 0.5000000 0.00e+000 0.00e+000
12 0.5000000 1.0000000 0.00e+000
13 1.0000000 0.00e+000 1.0000000
14 1.0000000 0.5000000 1.0000000
15 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000
16 1.0000000 0.00e+000 0.5000000
17 1.0000000 1.0000000 0.5000000
ATENA Input File Format 227

18 1.0000000 0.00e+000 0.00e+000

19 1.0000000 0.5000000 0.00e+000
20 1.0000000 1.0000000 0.00e+000
21 1.5000000 0.00e+000 1.0000000
22 1.5000000 1.0000000 1.0000000
23 1.5000000 0.00e+000 0.00e+000
24 1.5000000 1.0000000 0.00e+000
25 2.0000000 0.00e+000 1.0000000
26 2.0000000 0.5000000 1.0000000
27 2.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000
28 2.0000000 0.00e+000 0.5000000
29 2.0000000 1.0000000 0.5000000
30 2.0000000 0.00e+000 0.00e+000
31 2.0000000 0.5000000 0.00e+000
32 2.0000000 1.0000000 0.00e+000
33 2.5000000 0.00e+000 1.0000000
34 2.5000000 1.0000000 1.0000000
35 2.5000000 0.00e+000 0.00e+000
36 2.5000000 1.0000000 0.00e+000
37 2.9500000 0.00e+000 1.0000000
38 2.9500000 0.5000000 1.0000000
39 2.9500000 1.0000000 1.0000000
40 2.9500000 0.00e+000 0.5000000
41 2.9500000 1.0000000 0.5000000
42 2.9500000 0.00e+000 0.00e+000
43 2.9500000 0.5000000 0.00e+000
44 2.9500000 1.0000000 0.00e+000
45 2.9750000 0.00e+000 1.0000000
46 2.9750000 1.0000000 1.0000000
47 2.9750000 0.00e+000 0.00e+000
48 2.9750000 1.0000000 0.00e+000
49 3.0000000 0.00e+000 1.0000000
50 3.0000000 0.5000000 1.0000000
51 3.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000
52 3.0000000 0.00e+000 0.5000000
228

53 3.0000000 1.0000000 0.5000000

54 3.0000000 0.00e+000 0.00e+000
55 3.0000000 0.5000000 0.00e+000
56 3.0000000 1.0000000 0.00e+000

//----------------------------------------------------------------------------\\
// Element group definition \\
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------\\

ELEMENT GROUP
id 1
name "Spring"
type 1
material 1
geometry 1
ELEMENT INCIDENCES
1 1 13 15 3 6 18 20 8 9 14 10 2 11 19 12 7 4 16 17
5
2
13 25 27 15 18 30 32 20 21 26 22 14 23 31 24 19 16 28
29 17
3 25 37 39 27 30 42 44 32 33 38 34 26 35 43 36 31 28 40
41 29
ELEMENT GROUP
id 2
name "Mass"
type 1
material 2

geometry 1
ELEMENT INCIDENCES
1
37 49 51 39 42 54 56 44 45 50 46 38 47 55 48 43 40 52
53 41

ELEMENT TYPE ID 1 PREPARE_CALCULATION

ATENA Input File Format 229

// Load case No.1

LOAD CASE
id 1
name "Permanent supports"
// Joint support

SUPPORT SIMPLE node 6 dof 1 value 0.0

SUPPORT SIMPLE node 6 dof 2 value 0.0
SUPPORT SIMPLE node 6 dof 3 value 0.0

SUPPORT SIMPLE node 4 dof 1 value 0.0

SUPPORT SIMPLE node 4 dof 2 value 0.0
SUPPORT SIMPLE node 1 dof 1 value 0.0
SUPPORT SIMPLE node 1 dof 2 value 0.0

SUPPORT SIMPLE node 7 dof 1 value 0.0

SUPPORT SIMPLE node 7 dof 3 value 0.0
SUPPORT SIMPLE node 8 dof 1 value 0.0
SUPPORT SIMPLE node 8 dof 3 value 0.0

SUPPORT SIMPLE node 5 dof 1 value 0.0

SUPPORT SIMPLE node 3 dof 1 value 0.0
SUPPORT SIMPLE node 2 dof 1 value 0.0

SUPPORT COMPLEX master 49 1 * 1.0 slave 50 1

SUPPORT COMPLEX master 49 1 * 1.0 slave 51 1
SUPPORT COMPLEX master 49 1 * 1.0 slave 52 1
SUPPORT COMPLEX master 49 1 * 1.0 slave 53 1
SUPPORT COMPLEX master 49 1 * 1.0 slave 54 1
SUPPORT COMPLEX master 49 1 * 1.0 slave 55 1
SUPPORT COMPLEX master 49 1 * 1.0 slave 56 1

// Load case No.2

230

LOAD CASE
id 2
name "Concetrated force"
LOAD SIMPLE node 49 dof 1 value 0.25
LOAD SIMPLE node 51 dof 1 value 0.25
LOAD SIMPLE node 54 dof 1 value 0.25
LOAD SIMPLE node 56 dof 1 value 0.25

NODAL SETTING
node 49 vel 0.0030 0. 0. accel -0.005370861556 0. 0.
node 50 vel 0.0030 0. 0. accel -0.005370861556 0. 0.
node 51 vel 0.0030 0. 0. accel -0.005370861556 0. 0.
node 52 vel 0.0030 0. 0. accel -0.005370861556 0. 0.
node 55 vel 0.0030 0. 0. accel -0.005370861556 0. 0.
node 54 vel 0.0030 0. 0. accel -0.005370861556 0. 0.
node 55 vel 0.0030 0. 0. accel -0.005370861556 0. 0.
node 56 vel 0.0030 0. 0. accel -0.005370861556 0. 0.

node 45 vel 0.0030 0. 0. accel -0.005370861556 0. 0.

node 46 vel 0.0030 0. 0. accel -0.005370861556 0. 0.
node 47 vel 0.0030 0. 0. accel -0.005370861556 0. 0.
node 48 vel 0.0030 0. 0. accel -0.005370861556 0. 0.

node 37 vel 0.0030 0. 0. accel -0.005370861556 0. 0.

node 38 vel 0.0030 0. 0. accel -0.005370861556 0. 0.
node 39 vel 0.0030 0. 0. accel -0.005370861556 0. 0.
node 40 vel 0.0030 0. 0. accel -0.005370861556 0. 0.
node 41 vel 0.0030 0. 0. accel -0.005370861556 0. 0.
node 42 vel 0.0030 0. 0. accel -0.005370861556 0. 0.
node 43 vel 0.0030 0. 0. accel -0.005370861556 0. 0.
node 44 vel 0.0030 0. 0. accel -0.005370861556 0. 0.

node 1000007 vel 0.0030 0. 0. accel -0.005370861556 0. 0.

node 1000008 vel 0.0030 0. 0. accel -0.005370861556 0. 0.
ATENA Input File Format 231

//----------------------------------------------------------------------------\\
// Options and switches \\
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------\\

// Parameters Solution Parameters

SET Static
SET Newton-Raphson
SET Iteration Limit 20
SET Displacement Error 0.010
SET Residual Error 0.010
SET Absolute Residual Error 0.010
SET Energy Error 0.010
SET STOP_TIME 3.5 LAST_TIME 3.5
SET TRANSIENT TIME CURRENT 0. INCREMENT 0.1

SET TRANSIENT HUGHES BETA 0.2505 GAMMA 0.5 ALPHA -0.05 DAMPING MASS
COEFFICIENT 1.789 STIFFNESS COEFFICIENT 0.
//SET TRANSIENT HUGHES BETA 0.2505 GAMMA 0.5 ALPHA -0.05 DAMPING MASS
COEFFICIENT 0. STIFFNESS COEFFICIENT 0.1396
SET HUGHES_ALPHA_METHOD

//SET TRANSIENT NEWMARK BETA 0.2505 GAMMA 0.5 DAMPING MASS

COEFFICIENT 1.789 STIFFNESS COEFFICIENT 0.
////SET TRANSIENT NEWMARK BETA 0.2505 GAMMA 0.5 DAMPING MASS
COEFFICIENT 0. STIFFNESS COEFFICIENT 0.1396
//SET NEMARK_METHOD

OUTPUT MONITOR_2 NAME "displ_node_1_X" EACH STEP LOCATION NODES Node

FROM 49 TO 56 BY 1
DATA LIST "DISPLACEMENTS" END ITEM FROM 1 TO 1 ;

OUTPUT MONITOR_2 NAME "force_node_1_X" EACH STEP LOCATION NODES Node

FROM 49 TO 56 BY 1
DATA LIST "PARTIAL_INTERNAL_FORCES" END ITEM FROM 1 TO 1 ;

//----------------------------------------------------------------------------\\
232

// Executing \\
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------\\

STEP id 1 TYPE DYNAMIC name "Load No. 1" AT 0.0 LOAD CASE FIXED 1 * 1.0
INCREMENT 2 * 0.001094800003
STEP id 2 TYPE DYNAMIC name "Load No. 2" AT 0.1 LOAD CASE FIXED 1 * 1.0
INCREMENT 2 * 0.001077716015
STEP id 3 TYPE DYNAMIC name "Load No. 3" AT 0.2 LOAD CASE FIXED 1 * 1.0
INCREMENT 2 * 0.001043814628
STEP id 4 TYPE DYNAMIC name "Load No. 4" AT 0.3 LOAD CASE FIXED 1 * 1.0
INCREMENT 2 * 0.000993624865
STEP id 5 TYPE DYNAMIC name "Load No. 5" AT 0.4 LOAD CASE FIXED 1 * 1.0
INCREMENT 2 * 0.000927929917
STEP id 6 TYPE DYNAMIC name "Load No. 6" AT 0.5 LOAD CASE FIXED 1 * 1.0
INCREMENT 2 * 0.847754933E-3
STEP id 7 TYPE DYNAMIC name "Load No. 7" AT 0.6 LOAD CASE FIXED 1 * 1.0
INCREMENT 2 * 0.754351018E-3
STEP id 8 TYPE DYNAMIC name "Load No. 8" AT 0.7 LOAD CASE FIXED 1 * 1.0
INCREMENT 2 * 0.649175706E-3
STEP id 9 TYPE DYNAMIC name "Load No. 9" AT 0.8 LOAD CASE FIXED 1 * 1.0
INCREMENT 2 * 0.533870226E-3
STEP id 10 TYPE DYNAMIC name "Load No. 10" AT 0.9 LOAD CASE FIXED 1 * 1.0
INCREMENT 2 * 0.410233878E-3
STEP id 11 TYPE DYNAMIC name "Load No. 11" AT 1.0 LOAD CASE FIXED 1 * 1.0
INCREMENT 2 * 0.280195968E-3
STEP id 12 TYPE DYNAMIC name "Load No. 12" AT 1.1 LOAD CASE FIXED 1 * 1.0
INCREMENT 2 * 0.145785694E-3
STEP id 13 TYPE DYNAMIC name "Load No. 13" AT 1.2 LOAD CASE FIXED 1 * 1.0
INCREMENT 2 * 0.9100483E-5
STEP id 14 TYPE DYNAMIC name "Load No. 14" AT 1.3 LOAD CASE FIXED 1 * 1.0
INCREMENT 2 * -0.127726738E-3
STEP id 15 TYPE DYNAMIC name "Load No. 15" AT 1.4 LOAD CASE FIXED 1 * 1.0
INCREMENT 2 * -0.262560826E-3
STEP id 16 TYPE DYNAMIC name "Load No. 16" AT 1.5 LOAD CASE FIXED 1 * 1.0
INCREMENT 2 * -0.393297741E-3
STEP id 17 TYPE DYNAMIC name "Load No. 17" AT 1.6 LOAD CASE FIXED 1 * 1.0
INCREMENT 2 * -0.517897375E-3
STEP id 18 TYPE DYNAMIC name "Load No. 18" AT 1.7 LOAD CASE FIXED 1 * 1.0
INCREMENT 2 * -0.634415394E-3
STEP id 19 TYPE DYNAMIC name "Load No. 19" AT 1.8 LOAD CASE FIXED 1 * 1.0
INCREMENT 2 * -0.741033573E-3
ATENA Input File Format 233

STEP id 20 TYPE DYNAMIC name "Load No. 20" AT 1.9 LOAD CASE FIXED 1 * 1.0
INCREMENT 2 * -0.836088172E-3
STEP id 21 TYPE DYNAMIC name "Load No. 21" AT 2.0 LOAD CASE FIXED 1 * 1.0
INCREMENT 2 * -0.918095893E-3
STEP id 22 TYPE DYNAMIC name "Load No. 22" AT 2.1 LOAD CASE FIXED 1 * 1.0
INCREMENT 2 * -0.985777035E-3
STEP id 23 TYPE DYNAMIC name "Load No. 23" AT 2.2 LOAD CASE FIXED 1 * 1.0
INCREMENT 2 * -0.1038075457E-2
STEP id 24 TYPE DYNAMIC name "Load No. 24" AT 2.3 LOAD CASE FIXED 1 * 1.0
INCREMENT 2 * -0.1074175059E-2
STEP id 25 TYPE DYNAMIC name "Load No. 25" AT 2.4 LOAD CASE FIXED 1 * 1.0
INCREMENT 2 * -0.1093512517E-2
STEP id 26 TYPE DYNAMIC name "Load No. 26" AT 2.5 LOAD CASE FIXED 1 * 1.0
INCREMENT 2 * -0.1095786078E-2
STEP id 27 TYPE DYNAMIC name "Load No. 27" AT 2.6 LOAD CASE FIXED 1 * 1.0
INCREMENT 2 * -0.1080960265E-2
STEP id 28 TYPE DYNAMIC name "Load No. 28" AT 2.7 LOAD CASE FIXED 1 * 1.0
INCREMENT 2 * -0.1049266428E-2
STEP id 29 TYPE DYNAMIC name "Load No. 29" AT 2.8 LOAD CASE FIXED 1 * 1.0
INCREMENT 2 * -0.1001199139E-2
STEP id 30 TYPE DYNAMIC name "Load No. 30" AT 2.9 LOAD CASE FIXED 1 * 1.0
INCREMENT 2 * -0.937508473E-3
STEP id 31 TYPE DYNAMIC name "Load No. 31" AT 3.0 LOAD CASE FIXED 1 * 1.0
INCREMENT 2 * -0.859188300E-3
STEP id 32 TYPE DYNAMIC name "Load No. 32" AT 3.1 LOAD CASE FIXED 1 * 1.0
INCREMENT 2 * -0.767460782E-3
STEP id 33 TYPE DYNAMIC name "Load No. 33" AT 3.2 LOAD CASE FIXED 1 * 1.0
INCREMENT 2 * -0.663757294E-3
STEP id 34 TYPE DYNAMIC name "Load No. 34" AT 3.3 LOAD CASE FIXED 1 * 1.0
INCREMENT 2 * -0.549696096E-3
STEP id 35 TYPE DYNAMIC name "Load No. 35" AT 3.4 LOAD CASE FIXED 1 * 1.0
INCREMENT 2 * -0.427057074E-3

step id 1 execute
step id 2 execute
step id 3 execute
step id 4 execute
step id 5 execute
step id 6 execute
step id 7 execute
234

step id 8 execute
step id 9 execute
step id 10 execute
step id 11 execute
step id 12 execute
step id 13 execute
step id 14 execute
step id 15 execute
step id 16 execute
step id 17 execute
step id 18 execute
step id 19 execute
step id 20 execute
step id 21 execute
step id 22 execute
step id 23 execute
step id 24 execute
step id 25 execute
step id 26 execute
step id 27 execute
step id 28 execute
step id 29 execute
step id 30 execute
step id 31 execute
step id 32 execute
step id 33 execute
step id 34 execute
step id 35 execute

/* end of file */

3.11.9 Sample input data for eigenvalues and eigenvectors analysis

The following as an example of input data for eigenvalue analysis of the structure from the
previous section.
ATENA Input File Format 235

// Eigenvalue analysis
//
// A cantilever modelled by 4 nonlinear shells
// Cross sectional dimension width=height=1; length=40
//
// Exact solution: (see
c:\AtenaExamples\Examples\Dynamics\SpringWithLumpedMass\Eigenvalues\cantilever.mw
s)
//
// f1=0.0443Hz
// f2=0.278Hz
// f3=0.775Hz
//
// Calculated:
//
// f1=0.0445Hz
// f2=0.299Hz
// f3=0.945Hz

TASK name "Test Ahmad elems"

dimension 3

//----------------------------------------------------------------------------\\
// Material definition \\
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------\\

MATERIAL
id 1
name "Spring"
type "CC3DElastIsotropic"
E 30000000
Mu 0.00
Rho 156.
Alpha 1.200E-05
236

//----------------------------------------------------------------------------\\
// Element type definition \\
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------\\

ELEMENT TYPE
id 1
name "1D Truss"
type "CCAhmadElement33L9"

//----------------------------------------------------------------------------\\
// Geometry definition \\
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------\\

GEOMETRY ID 1 Name "Spring" TYPE "LayeredShell"

SOLID
LAYER 1 MATERIAL 1 THICKNESS 0.2
LAYER 2 MATERIAL 1 THICKNESS 0.2
LAYER 3 MATERIAL 1 THICKNESS 0.2
LAYER 4 MATERIAL 1 THICKNESS 0.2
LAYER 5 MATERIAL 1 THICKNESS 0.2
LAYER 6 MATERIAL 1 THICKNESS 0.2
LAYER 7 MATERIAL 1 THICKNESS 0.2
LAYER 8 MATERIAL 1 THICKNESS 0.2
LAYER 9 MATERIAL 1 THICKNESS 0.2
LAYER 10 MATERIAL 1 THICKNESS 0.2

//----------------------------------------------------------------------------\\
// Joint coordinates definition \\
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------\\

JOINT COORDINATES

1 00.0e+000 0.00e+000 1.0000000

ATENA Input File Format 237

2 00.0e+000 0.5000000 1.0000000

3 00.0e+000 1.0000000 1.0000000
4 00.0e+000 0.00e+000 0.5000000
5 00.0e+000 1.0000000 0.5000000
6 00.0e+000 0.00e+000 0.00e+000
7 00.0e+000 0.5000000 0.00e+000
8 00.0e+000 1.0000000 0.00e+000
9 05.000000 0.00e+000 1.0000000
10 05.000000 1.0000000 1.0000000
11 05.000000 0.00e+000 0.00e+000
12 05.000000 1.0000000 0.00e+000
13 10.000000 0.00e+000 1.0000000
14 10.000000 0.5000000 1.0000000
15 10.000000 1.0000000 1.0000000
16 10.000000 0.00e+000 0.5000000
17 10.000000 1.0000000 0.5000000
18 10.000000 0.00e+000 0.00e+000
19 10.000000 0.5000000 0.00e+000
20 10.000000 1.0000000 0.00e+000
21 15.000000 0.00e+000 1.0000000
22 15.000000 1.0000000 1.0000000
23 15.000000 0.00e+000 0.00e+000
24 15.000000 1.0000000 0.00e+000
25 20.000000 0.00e+000 1.0000000
26 20.000000 0.5000000 1.0000000
27 20.000000 1.0000000 1.0000000
28 20.000000 0.00e+000 0.5000000
29 20.000000 1.0000000 0.5000000
30 20.000000 0.00e+000 0.00e+000
31 20.000000 0.5000000 0.00e+000
32 20.000000 1.0000000 0.00e+000
33 25.000000 0.00e+000 1.0000000
34 25.000000 1.0000000 1.0000000
35 25.000000 0.00e+000 0.00e+000
36 25.000000 1.0000000 0.00e+000
238

37 30.000000 0.00e+000 1.0000000

38 30.000000 0.5000000 1.0000000
39 30.000000 1.0000000 1.0000000
40 30.000000 0.00e+000 0.5000000
41 30.000000 1.0000000 0.5000000
42 30.000000 0.00e+000 0.00e+000
43 30.000000 0.5000000 0.00e+000
44 30.000000 1.0000000 0.00e+000
45 35.000000 0.00e+000 1.0000000
46 35.000000 1.0000000 1.0000000
47 35.000000 0.00e+000 0.00e+000
48 35.000000 1.0000000 0.00e+000
49 40.000000 0.00e+000 1.0000000
50 40.000000 0.5000000 1.0000000
51 40.000000 1.0000000 1.0000000
52 40.000000 0.00e+000 0.5000000
53 40.000000 1.0000000 0.5000000
54 40.000000 0.00e+000 0.00e+000
55 40.000000 0.5000000 0.00e+000
56 40.000000 1.0000000 0.00e+000

//----------------------------------------------------------------------------\\
// Element group definition \\
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------\\

ELEMENT GROUP
id 1
name "Spring"
type 1
material 1
geometry 1
ELEMENT INCIDENCES
1 1 13 15 3 6 18 20 8 9 14 10 2 11 19 12 7 4 16 17
5
ATENA Input File Format 239

2
13 25 27 15 18 30 32 20 21 26 22 14 23 31 24 19 16 28
29 17
3 25 37 39 27 30 42 44 32 33 38 34 26 35 43 36 31 28 40
41 29
4
37 49 51 39 42 54 56 44 45 50 46 38 47 55 48 43 40 52
53 41

ELEMENT TYPE ID 1 PREPARE_CALCULATION

// Load case No.1

LOAD CASE
id 1
name "Permanent supports"
// Joint support

SUPPORT SIMPLE node 6 dof 1 value 0.0

SUPPORT SIMPLE node 6 dof 2 value 0.0
SUPPORT SIMPLE node 6 dof 3 value 0.0

SUPPORT SIMPLE node 4 dof 1 value 0.0

SUPPORT SIMPLE node 4 dof 2 value 0.0
SUPPORT SIMPLE node 1 dof 1 value 0.0
SUPPORT SIMPLE node 1 dof 2 value 0.0

SUPPORT SIMPLE node 7 dof 1 value 0.0

SUPPORT SIMPLE node 7 dof 3 value 0.0
SUPPORT SIMPLE node 8 dof 1 value 0.0
SUPPORT SIMPLE node 8 dof 3 value 0.0

SUPPORT SIMPLE node 5 dof 1 value 0.0

SUPPORT SIMPLE node 3 dof 1 value 0.0
SUPPORT SIMPLE node 2 dof 1 value 0.0

//----------------------------------------------------------------------------\\
// Options and switches \\
240

//----------------------------------------------------------------------------\\

// Parameters for dynamic analysis

SET NUMBER_OF_EIGENVALS 5
SET MAX_EIGENVAL_ERROR 0.0001
SET MAX_NUMBER_OF_SSPACE_ITERATIONS 14
SET REQUEST_STURM_SEQUENCE_CHECK YES
SET MAX_NUMBER_OF_JACOBI_ITERATIONS 10
SET NUMBER_OF_PROJ_VECS 15

//SET solver ICCG

SET Optimize width Sloan

//----------------------------------------------------------------------------\\
// Executing \\
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------\\

EIGENVECTORS LOAD CASE 1 * 1.0

// STEP ID 1 STATIC NAME "BCs and load" LOAD CASE 1 * 1.0 EXECUTE

/* end of file */

3.12 Miscellaneous Commands

3.12.1 The Command &FUNCTION

This command defines an x-y relationship that can be referred to by other commands, when a
law or function needs to be specified.
Syntax:
&FUNCTION:
FUNCTION ID n NAME “name” TYPE { &MULTILINEAR_FUNCTION_DATA
| &ANALYTIC_ FUNCTION_DATA }
[ { OUTPUT_X | OUTPUT_Y | OUTPUT_INTEGRATE_Y |
OUTPUT_DERIVATE_Y | OUTPUT_NONE |
OUTPUT_MIN_X output_min_x | OUTPUT_MAX_X output_max_x |
OUTPUT_INCR_X output_incr_x |
OUTPUT_SUFFIX "suffix_string" |
ATENA Input File Format 241

OUTPUT_FFT_Y | OUTPUT_FFT_ERR_Y |
OUTPUT_FFT_SPECT_A | OUTPUT_FFT_SPECT_T |
OUTPUT_FFT_SPECT_O |
OUTPUT_FILTERED_FFT_Y | OUTPUT_FILTERED _FFT_ERR_Y |
OUTPUT_FILTERED _FFT_SPECT_A | OUTPUT_FILTERED_FFT_SPECT_T
| OUTPUT_FILTERED _FFT_SPECT_O |
OUTPUT_SIEVED_X | OUTPUT_SIEVED_Y] +

Currently the multilinear and analytic types are supported:

&MULTILINEAR_FUNCTION_DATA:
“CCMultiLinearFunction” [ALLOC_POINTS dim]
{ XVALUES { { xi }+ | RETRIEVE "output_data_X" }
YVALUES { { yi }+ | RETRIEVE "output_data_Y" } }|
GENERATE &ANALYTIC_FUNCTION_DATA }
[ { REMOVE_ALL | REMOVE_ALL_FILTERS | REMOVE_ALL_GENERATED |
{ ADD_OMEGA_FILTER omega_min omega_max ] }n |
SIEVE_Y | SIEVE_FFT_Y | SIEVE_FILTERED_FFT_Y |
COPY_FFT_Y | COPY_FILTERED_FFT_Y | COPY_SIEVED |
FFT | X_DOWN xl | X_UP xh | N_MAX nmax | DX_APPROX dx |
PRINT_Y PRINT_FFT_Y | PRINT_FILTERED_FFT_Y |
PRINT_COEFFS |PRINT_FILTERED_COEFFS |PRINT_SIEVED_POINTS } ] +

[ALLOC_POINTS dim] allocates space for dim additional points. It does not effect the
actual number of input points. It merely speeds up input of the subsequent dim points by
preparing beforehand a cumulative storage they will need.

&ANALYTIC_FUNCTION_DATA:
"CCAnalyticFunction" Y_EQN "y_string" [X_MIN x_min] [X_MAX x_max]
[DX dx]

where "y_string" contains string with agebraic expression of argument x, x_min,

x_max is min/max value of x, dx is used to calulate numerical integral or
derivative of the function. By default, dx=1.E-5, x_min=- x_max=-1.E20

Example: TYPE "CCAnalyticFunction" Y_EQN "-1.*12.56^2*sin(12.56*x)"

The optional intput OUTPUT_X | OUTPUT_Y | OUTPUT_INTEGRATE_Y |

OUTPUT_DERIVATE_Y | OUTPUT_NONE |
OUTPUT_MIN_X output_min_x | OUTPUT_MAX_X output_max_x |
OUTPUT_INCR_X output_incr_x |
OUTPUT_SUFFIX "suffix_string" is for printing and plotting of X, Y and other values of
the specified function. Upon issuing this sub-command, Atena creates a new output in
OUTPUT_DATA category. The name of the output is assembled as
242

"FUNC_n_type_suffix_string". n, type, suffix_string are respectively function id, one of X, Y,

INTEGRATE_Y, DERIVATE_Y depending on OUTPUT_... request and user defined output
name suffix. The function is derivated with respect to X and integrated with respect to X
within min_val_x and x . If incr_val_x is specified, the requested function values are printed
for min_val_x, min_val_x+ incr_val_x, min_val_x+ 2*incr_val_x,.... max_val_x. Otherwise
the values are printed only at definition points that falls into interval min_val_x... max_val_x.
More output requests can be issued within one FUNCTION command. In case of redefining,
i.e. recreating FUNC_n_type_suffix_string output it is sometimes necessary to set on
recalculate flag within the OUTPUT command to print the actual data, i.e. use command
OUTPUT .... LOCATION OUTPUT_DATA DATA LIST " FUNC_n_type_suffix_string"
END ... RECALCULATE.
The input FFT | X_DOWN xl | X_UP xh | N_MAX nmax | DX_APPROX dx is for executing
Fourier spectral analysis. It approximates the input function by Fourier series, (i.e. FFT) from
xl to xh , whereby it applies dx shift in the FFT approximation functions. The results can by
printed by tne commands PRINT_Y | PRINT_FFT_Y |
PRINT_COEFFS and output by OUTPUT_Y | OUTPUT_FFT_Y | OUTPUT_FFT_ERR_Y |
OUTPUT_FFT_SPECT_A | OUTPUT_FFT_SPECT_T | OUTPUT_FFT_SPECT_O. Such
analysis calculates approximation of the "Y" values by Fourier serie, (i.e. OUTPUT_FFT_Y),
relative errors of the approximation, (i.e. OUTPUT_FFT_ERR_Y) and a graph with results of
actual spectral analysis of the function.. Its horizontal axis shows circular frequencies or
periods of the FFT approximation frequencies, (i.e. OUTPUT_FFT_SPECT_T or
OUTPUT_FFT_SPECT_O) and their magnitudes of excitation are depicted on vertical axis of
the graph, (i.e. OUTPUT_FFT_SPECT_A ).
The FFT approximation uses by default full modal spectrum, however, it can be filtered by
the commands { ADD_OMEGA_FILTER omega_min omega_max ] }n . The results are
output by OUTPUT_FILTERED_FFT_Y | OUTPUT_FILTERED _FFT_ERR_Y |
OUTPUT_FILTERED _FFT_SPECT_A | OUTPUT_FILTERED_FFT_SPECT_T |
OUTPUT_FILTERED _FFT_SPECT_O and printed by PRINT_FILTERED_FFT_Y
|PRINT_ FILTERED_COEFFS.
All specified or generated {X,Y} data pairs can be deleted by REMOVE_ALL subcommand.
All generated data are deleted by REMOVE_ALL_GENERATED. All filteres are released by
REMOVE_ALL_FILTERS.
The optional SIEVE_Y | SIEVE_FFT_Y | SIEVE_FILTERED_FFT_Y | MAX_ERROR x
performs sieving of respective points. It attempts removing as much points as possible but
still preserving accuracy given by maximum error x. The error is defined as relative error and
is by default 0.001.
Finaly, the results from FFT and/or SIEVE can overwrite the original X,Y data. It is achived
by the commands COPY_FFT_Y | COPY_FILTERED_FFT_Y | COPY_SIEVED.
Use command OUTPUT PLOT..... to define horizontal and vertical series that can be later
plotted in Atena 2D graph window.
Example:
200
Create output series x and  y dx for a multilinear function id 500, (note that the function
0
must be defined beforehand). The new output data FNC_500_X_REDEFINED and
FNC_500_INTEGRATE_Y_REDEFINED are created by command:
FUNCTION id 500
ATENA Input File Format 243

MIN_VAL_X 0 MAX_VAL_X 200 INCR_VAL_X 10 OUTPUT_SUFFIX "_REDEFINED"

OUTPUT_X OUTPUT_INTEGRATE_Y

The series can be plotted using commands:

OUTPUT PLOT_2 NAME "new_plot1_fnc_500_X" EACH STEP LOCATION
OUTPUT_DATA DATA LIST "FNC_500_X_REDEFINED" END ;
OUTPUT PLOT_2 NAME "new_plot1_fnc_500_INTEGRATE_Y" EACH STEP
LOCATION OUTPUT_DATA DATA LIST "FNC_500_INTEGRATE_Y_REDEFINED"
END ;

Example of spectral analysis of a function:

# Generate a function
FUNCTION id 1 name "Test multilinear function"
type "CCMultiLinearFunction"
generate X_MIN 0. X_MAX 3.14 DX 0.157 Y_EQN "0.5+sin(5*x+1.)" ;
# Generate output data for the FFT analysis
FUNCTION id 1
OUTPUT_X OUTPUT_Y OUTPUT_SUFFIX "_SUFF"
OUTPUT_FFT_Y OUTPUT_FFT_ERR_Y OUTPUT_FFT_SPECT_A
OUTPUT_FFT_SPECT_T OUTPUT_FFT_SPECT_O
X_DOWN 0.2 X_UP 3. DX_APPROX -0.1 N_MAX 100 PRINT_COEFFS PRINT_POINTS
FFT ;
# Define monitors to allow for 2D graphical presentation of the results
OUTPUT PLOT_2 NAME "fnc_1_X" EACH STEP LOCATION OUTPUT_DATA DATA
LIST "FNC_1_X_SUFF" END ;
OUTPUT PLOT_2 NAME "fnc_1_Y" EACH STEP LOCATION OUTPUT_DATA DATA
LIST "FNC_1_Y_SUFF" END ;
OUTPUT PLOT_2 NAME "fnc_1_FFT_Y" EACH STEP LOCATION OUTPUT_DATA
DATA LIST "FNC_1_FFT_Y_SUFF" END ;
OUTPUT PLOT_2 NAME "fnc_1_FFT_ERR_Y" EACH STEP LOCATION
OUTPUT_DATA DATA LIST "FNC_1_FFT_ERR_Y_SUFF" END ;
OUTPUT PLOT_2 NAME "fnc_1_SPECT_A" EACH STEP LOCATION OUTPUT_DATA
DATA LIST "FNC_1_SPECT_A_SUFF" END ;
OUTPUT PLOT_2 NAME "fnc_1_SPECT_T" EACH STEP LOCATION OUTPUT_DATA
DATA LIST "FNC_1_SPECT_T_SUFF" END ;
OUTPUT PLOT_2 NAME "fnc_1_SPECT_O" EACH STEP LOCATION OUTPUT_DATA
DATA LIST "FNC_1_SPECT_O_SUFF" END ;

FUNCTION id 1 PRINT_POINTS sieve MAX_ERROR 0.0005 ;

244

Note that in order to visualize these plots, (using Atena's Graph Series dialog) don't forget to
check the "Values'profile for fixed time" checkbox and set horizontal and vertical fixed time
to zero, see description of the PLOT output option.

3.12.2 The Command &PRE-CRACK

Syntax:
PRE-CRACK ELEMENT GROUP n ELEMENT n INTEGRATION [POINT] n
NORMAL x1 x2 [x3]

Table 147: &PRE-CRACK command parameters 

Parameter Description
ELEMENT GROUP n Element group id in which the pre-defined crack is to be
inserted.
ELEMENT n Element id in which the pre defined crack is to be inserted.
INTEGRATION Integration point id in which the pre defined crack is to be
[JOINT] n inserted. This is an optional parameter, if it is not specified,
crack is inserted into all integration points.
NORMAL x1 x2 [x3] Crack normal direction.

3.12.3 The Command &DELETE

Syntax:
&DELETE:
DELETE [ENFORCED] [{ [ { ELEMENT { GROUP | TYPE } [ID] n [ELEMENT
[ID] n ] | TYPE [ID] n } | GEOMETRY [ID] n | JOINT [ID] n | LOAD
[CASE] [ID] n | MATERIAL [ID] n | STEP [ID] n | FUNCTION [ID] n }+ ]

Table 148: &DELETE command parameters

Parameter Description
ELEMENT GROUP Delete element group from the model or a single element from
the specified element group.
E.g. ELEMENT GROUP 3 [ELEMENT 4]
ELEMENT TYPE Delete element type from the list of element type definitions.
E.g. ELEMENT TYPE 2
GEOMETRY Delete geometry from the model.
E.g. GEOMETRY 6
JOINT Delete joint from the model
E.g. JOINT 3
ATENA Input File Format 245

LOAD CASE Delete load case from the model.

E.g. LOAD CASE 4
MATERIAL Delete material from the list of material types.
E.g. MATERIAL 20
STEP Delete step n from the model.
E.g. STEP 4
FUNCTION Delete function from the model
E.g. FUNCTION 5
ENFORCED If not specified, all references to a deleted entity remain valid
even after the deletion, thereby it is possible later to re-input the
entity with new data. Otherwise, the entity and all references to
it get unconditionally removed.

3.12.4 The Command &MACRO_DELETE

Syntax:
&MACRO_DELETE:
MACRO_DELETE [ENFORCED] [{ [ { MACRO_ELEMENT [ID] n |
MACRO_NODE [ID] n }+ ]

Table 149: &DELETE command parameters

Parameter Description
MACRO_ELEMENT Delete macro element from the model.
E.g. MACRO_ELEMENT 3
MACRO_NODE Delete macro node from the model
E.g. MACRO_NODE 3
ENFORCED If not specified, all references to a deleted entity remain valid
even after the deletion, thereby it is possible later to re-input the
entity with new data. Otherwise, the entity and all references to
it get unconditionally removed.

3.12.5 The Command &INPUT

Syntax:
&INPUT:
INPUT { FILE_OPEN | FILE_CLOSE } “file name“
246

Table 150: &INPUT FILE sub-command parameters

The command specifies the name of the input file to be opened or closed. Following this
command the ATENA input stream will be redirected into this file or the default stream.

E.g. INPUT FILE “file name“

3.12.6 The Command &MESSAGE

Syntax:
&MESSAGE:
MESSAGE { FILE_OPEN | FILE_CLOSE } “file name“ [ { overwite | append } ]

Table 151: &MESSAGE FILE command parameters

This command specifies the name of the message file to be opened or closed. All
messages following this command will be redirected to this file or the default stream. The
open file is overwrited or appended.

E.g. MESSAGE FILE “file name“ [ { overwite | append } ]

3.12.7 The Command &ERROR

Syntax:
&ERROR:
ERROR { FILE_OPEN | FILE_CLOSE } “file name““ [ { overwite | append } ]

Table 152: &ERROR FILE command parameters

This command specifies the name of the error file to be opened or closed. All errors
following this command will be redirected to this file or the default stream. The open file
is overwrited or appended.

E.g. ERROR FILE “file name“

ATENA Input File Format 247

3.12.8 The Command &RESTORE

Syntax:
&RESTORE:
RESTORE FROM “file name“

Table 153: &RESTORE command parameters

This command reads the finite element model state from the given binary file name. The
content of the finite element model is overwritten by the file contents.

E.g. RESTORE FROM “file name“

3.12.9 The Command &STORE

Syntax:
&STORE:
STORE TO “file name“ [EACH n [{STEP|STEPS}|{SUBSTEP|SUBSTEPS}]

Table 154: &STORE command parameters

This command writes the finite element model state to a binary file. It can write
immediately, e.g. STORE TO “file name“, or it can autimatically serialize each n-th,
e.g. STORE TO “file name“ EACH n STEPS, or it can carry out the serialization each
step and m-th substeps, e.g. STORE TO “file name“ EACH m SUBSTEPS, (for dynamic
and creep analyses only). In the case of automatic serialization by steps the filename is
appended by ".step_id". The serialization by substeps appends the file name by
"_substep_id.step_id".
If n==0, then it the automatic serialization is stopped.

3.12.10 The Command &PUSHOVER_ANALYSIS

An usual static analysis can be accompanied by the Pushover analysis as advocated in
Eurocode. In this case the structure is loaded incrementally and its load-displacement diagram
is recorded. After each step the pushover analysis is carried out (using the recorded LD
diagram) and if the criteria of the pushover analysis are met, any additional loading, (i.e.
subsequent load steps) are ignored.
Syntax:
&PUSHOVER_ANALYSIS:
PUSHOVER_ANALYSIS { IS_ACTIVE n | MONITOR_ID n |
FORCE_MONITOR_NAME “name” | FORCE_ITEM_ID n | DISPLS_MONITOR_NAME
“name” | DISPLS_ITEM_ID n | GAMMA_FACTOR_D x | GAMMA_FACTOR_F x |
GAMMA_FACTOR x | MASS_NORM x | MASS x | PERIOD_T_B x | PERIOD_T_C x |
PERIOD_T_D x | ETA_FACTOR x | BETA0 x | SOIL_FACTOR x | ACCEL_GROUND x |
ACCEL_GROUND_D x | P_D x | P_F x | EXT_P_F x |
248

PO_STOP_IF_ULS_AND_DLS_FLAG n | PO_STOP_ONLY_IF_UNSTABLE_FLAG n |
STOREY_NODES_IDS { n }+ | VERTICAL_AXIS_ID n | HORIZONTAL_AXIS_ID n |
STOREY_DLS_COEFF x | EXECUTE}n

Table 155: &PUSHOVER_ANALYSIS command parameters

IS_ACTIVE n If n=1, carry out pushover analysis at the end

of execution of each CCStructures’s step. If
the Eurodoce requirements are met, the
STOP_FLAG (see below) is set to 1 and any
subsequent STEP ..EXECUTE command is
ignored. The analysis can resume, only if
STOP_FLAG is manually set to 0.
Units: none
Default: 0
MONITOR_ID n Id of a monitor, where LD diagram from the
analysis is stored. It can be 1 or 2 to utilize
output monitor 1 or 2.
Units: none
Default: 1
FORCE_MONITOR_NAME “name” Name of the monitor to record forces (used in
the LD diagram).
Units: none
Default: “LD_DIAGRAM_VALUE_Y“
FORCE_ITEM_ID n Item number used by the above.
Units: none
Default: 1
DISPLS_MONITOR_NAME “name” Name of the monitor to record displacementss
(used in the LD diagram).
Units: none
Default: “LD_DIAGRAM_VALUE_X“
DISPLS_ITEM_ID n Item number used by the above.
Units: none
Default: 1
GAMMA_FACTOR_D x Tansformation factor for deformations
between MDOF and SDOF, (called Gamma in
Eurocode)
Units: none
Default: 1.
GAMMA_FACTOR_F x Tansformation factor for forces between
ATENA Input File Format 249

MDOF and SDOF, (called Gamma in

Eurocode)
Units: none
Default: 1.
GAMMA_FACTOR x Tansformation factor for forces and
deformations between MDOF and SDOF,
(called Gamma in Eurocode). Supported for
compatibility reasons. Now replaced by
GAMMA_FACTOR_D and
GAMMA_FACTOR_F
Units: none
Default: 1.
MASS_NORM x Equivalent mass of SDOF, (called m_star in
Eurocode)
Units: weight, (e.g. kg)
Default: 1
MASS x Equivalent mass of MDOF, (used e.g. by
Romanian Building Code)
Units: weight, (e.g. kg)
Default: 1
PERIOD_T_B x Time period T_b from Eurocode, (called T_b
in Eurocode)
Units: time
Default: 0
PERIOD_T_C x Time period T_c from Eurocode, (called T_b
in Eurocode)
Units: time
Default: 0
PERIOD_T_D x Time period T_b from Eurocode, (called T_d
in Eurocode)
Units: time
Default: 0
ETA_FACTOR x Damping correction factor from Eurocode, ,
(called eta in Eurocode)
Units: time
Default: 1, (i.e 5. % of viscous damping)
BETA0 x Dynamic amplification factor to calculate
elastic response spectrum Se(T).
250

Units: none
Default: 2.5
SOIL_FACTOR x Soil factor from Eurocode, (called S in
Eurocode)
Units: time
Default: 0
ACCEL_GROUND x Ground acceleration, (ULS), (called a_g in
Eurocode)
Units: length/time2
Default: 0
ACCEL_GROUND_D x Ground acceleration, (DLS), (called a_Dg in
Eurocode)
Units: length/time2
Default: 0
P_D x Relative displacement stopping value, (called
p_d in Eurocode)
Units: none
Default: 1.5
P_F x Relative force drop down coefficient to
violate PO ULS criterion, (called p_f in
Eurocode).
Units: none
Default: 0.8
EXT_P_F x Relative force drop down coefficient to
declare the analysis unstable and stop the
execution.
Units: none.
Default: 0.2
PO_STOP_ONLY_IF_UNSTABLE_FLA If n=1 the analysis continues until the stability
Gn criterion is failed (irrespective of the pushover
analysis status).
If n=0, the pushover analysis is completed
based on the pushoover analysis status and the
flag PO_STOP_IF_ULS_AND_DLS_FLAG.
Default: n=0
PO_STOP_IF_ULS_AND_DLS_FLAG n If n=1, the pushover analysis is completed
after both ULS and DLS criteria are met.
If n=0, to complete the analysis it suffices to
fulfill only the ULS critera.
ATENA Input File Format 251

Default: n=0

STOREY_NODES_IDS { n }+ List of node ids for all floors fo the structure.

The nodes must be input sorted from the
ground to the heigest floor. If an id n=0, then
the associated displacement are assumed zero.
(It is typically used for gound floor). If the
structure has m stories, m+1 node ids are
expected. If node node ids are input, DLS
check in the Pushover analysis is skipped.

Note: For expert users only. Others are

discouraged to input this parameter. Atena
maintains this parameter automatically and no
intervention from the user is needed.

Units: none
Default: none
Example: 0 249 693
VERTICAL_AXIS_ID n Id of model axis to be considered vertical, i.e.
axis, where gravity load applies.
Units: none
Default: 3, (i.e. Z axis)
HORIZONTAL_AXIS_ID n Id of model axis, where the ground
acceleration is applied.
Units: none
Default: 1, (i.e. X axis)
STOREY_DLS_COEFF x Coefficient coeff DLS to calculate maximum
interstory drift: d r  coeff DLS h . h is height of
store and d r is relative storey drift.
Units: none
Default: 0.005
EXECUTE Carry out pushover analysis immediately. (By
default, this command is not needed, as the
analysis is calculated automatically at the end
of execution of each load step).
252

3.12.11 Static initial values of state variables

The initial structural state variables at finite nodes are set in a similar way to their
specification within CCStructuresTransport module. At the moment, this approach can be
used to set only nodal reference temperature in the structure but it is expected to extend in the
future. The nodal initial conditions can be set by the input command
&STATIC_INITIAL_CONDITIONS:

Syntax:
&STATIC_INITIAL_CONDITIONS:
NODAL TEMPERATURE [SETTINGS]
{ &STATIC_MANUAL_INITIAL_VALUES_ENTRY |
&STATIC_GENERATED_INITIAL_VALUES }+

& STATIC_MANUAL_INITIAL_VALUES_ENTRY:
{ [BASE_TEMPERATURE base_temp ] [NODE n TEMPERATURE nodal_temp] }

Table 156: Static Nodal Initial Conditions Definition (manual entries)

Sub-Command Description
NODE n Set initial conditions for node n.
TEMPERATURE base_temp Specify initial nodal temperature for node n. This value is
added to the base temperature below.
Units: T
Default: 0.
BASE_TEMPERATURE Initial base temperature. This value is used for all nodes of the
nodal_temp structure.
Units: [T]
Default: 0.

& STATIC_GENERATED_INITIAL_VALUES:
NODAL [SETTING] SELECTION "selection_name" | CONST const | COEFF_X
coeff_x | COEFF_Y coeff_y | COEFF_Z coeff | GENERATE_TEMP }

Table 157: Static Nodal Initial Conditions Definition (generated entries)

Sub-Command Description
SELECTION Name of selection, for which the generation is requested.
"selection_name"
ATENA Input File Format 253

CONST const COEFF_X Generate reference temperature for nodes in the selection
coeff_x | COEFF_Y coeff_y | "selection_name" . The values are generated as linear
COEFF_Z coeff_z combination:
GENERATE_TEMP
temperature  base _ temp  const  x coeff x  y coeff y  z coeff z
where x,y,z are coordinates of nodes of nodes in the selection.
Units: COEFF_F, COEFF_M, COEFF_Z: [T/L]
CONST: [T]
Default: all constants are set to zero.

Note that initial reference temperatures can be set also by applying element temperature load
that import temperature history from a previous transport analysis of the structure. In this case
the reference nodal tepleratures corresponds to structural conditions at reference time of the
first applied element temperature load. As such values typically represent actual real
temperatures in the structure, the input described in this paragraph is not needed, (actually
temperatures from element temperature load would be added to temperatures from the
command &STATIC_INITIAL_CONDITIONS).

Example:

// initials for temperatures

NODAL SETTING
NODE i TEMPERATURE temp

NODAL SETTING SELECTION "all_nodes"

CONST 25. COEFF_X 0.1 COEFF_Y -0.6523 COEFF_Z 0.8
GENERATE_TEMPERATURE

NODAL SETTING
BASE_TEMPERATURE base_temp // this value is added to specific node temperature,

3.13 Preprocessor commands

The following section describes ATENA commands for the ATENA native preprocessor to
generate FE models. These include mainly commands for running T3D preprocessor and
commands for generating reinforcement bars through the analysed structure.
Syntax:
&PREPROCESS:
{&T3D_SPEC | &T3D_EXPAND | &MACRO_JOINT |
&MACRO_ELEMENT_SPEC }
254

3.13.1 The Command &T3D_SPEC

T3D FEM mesh generator has been incorporated into ATENA. It is a powerful 3D generator
for generating nodes and elements of a FE model. All the T3D related commands must be
enclosed between T3D_GENERATE and T3D_END or T3D_GENERATE and RETURN
ATENA input commands. The main idea of the generation is to define macro nodes, macro
lines, patches etc. that are subsequently used to generate 3D regions. Patch and surface type
domains are supported as well. The current implementation of the generator can also be used
to generate lists of nodes, see command &SELECTION . Such list is then simply used for
definition of Dirichlet and Von Neumann boundary conditions, see subcommands
&LOAD_PLACE and &LOAD_VALUE (commands &LOAD_DISPLACEMENT,
&LOAD_FORCE).
All T3D related commands are described in a separate PDF document.
The T3D command line options, see Chapter 7 of T3D documentation, should follow
T3D_GENERATE command. They must not change in all subsequent call
T3D_GENERATE command.
The following are new features of T3D that have not been yet documented in it:

3.13.1.1 The NODEPROP / ELEMPROP parameter

Commands CURVE, SURFACE, PATCH, SHELL and REGION can now include
additional parameters:

NODEPROP ‘nodeprop’
ELEMPROP ‘elemprop’
In similar way, the command VERTEX can additionally include:

NODEPROP ‘nodeprop’
The parameter NODEPROP and/or ELEMPROP is used to generate the above mentioned
selection lists. Such a list is given name ‘nodeprop’ resp. ‘elemprop’ (notice use of single
quote ‘ instead of usual double quote “ !) and it will contain identification ids of all internal
FE nodes, resp. elements that were used to generate the T3D entity with the additional
parameters. Specify the parameters NODEPROP and ELEMPROP also for boundary entities,
(such as for surfaces of T3D region), if the generated list should include also boundary nodes
and elements of the T3D entity.

3.13.1.2 The subcommand RETURN

There is a new T3D command RETURN. It is similar to T3D_END in that it forces
command parser to return from T3D back to ATENA. However, T3D_END generates FE
mesh before it returns, whilst RETURN does not. Use the command RETURN to specify
T3D commands that (for some reason) are mixed with ATENA commands.

3.13.1.3 The parameter ELEMGROUP

The commands CURVE, SURFACE, PATCH, SHELL and REGION can include
additional parameter ELEMGROUP. The syntax is as follows
ATENA Input File Format 255

CURVE curve_id …… ELEMGROUP truss_group_id ….

SURFACE surface_id …..ELEMGROUP triangle_group_id quad_group_id…
PATCH patch_id ….ELEMGROUP .triangle_group_id quad_group_id…
SHELL shell_id ….ELEMGROUP triangle_group_id quad_group_id…
REGION region_id … ELEMGROUP tetra_group_id pyram_group_id
wedge_group_id hexa_group_id
The parameter has to be used in order to say to ATENA, what element group should be used
for the generated elements. As T3D generator is capable of generating mixed type FE mesh,
i.e. a mesh of several element types, and as (in ATENA) one element group can contain only
one element type, it is necessary to input for 2D T3D entities two element groups, one for
triangle and the other for quadrilateral elements and similarly four element groups for 3D
T3D regions, (tetrahedra, pyramids, wedges and hexahedra (i.e. bricks)).
Note that model id, i.e. id from a T3D command will probably differ from generated FEM
entity id. For example vertex id will probably differ from generated FEM node id at the same
location. This is particularly the case, if T3D is used also for optimisation of solution matrix
band.

3.13.1.4 The subcommand REMOVE

T3D command REMOVE removes entity and all dependent entities dependent on it from the
model. The command syntax is:

REMOVE {VERTEX vertex_id | CURVE curve_id | SURFACE surface_id | PATCH

patch_id | SHELL shell_id | REGION region_id || ALL }

Use of the above new T3D commands and subcommands is demonstrated in the enclosed
sample AtenaWin analyses.

3.13.1.5 The parameter EQUIDISTANT

The keyword equidistant ensures equidistant distribution of finite elements within an entity. It
can be used for any entity with exception of vertices, e.g. curve, surface, region etc. Except
for curves, the equidistant property is only applicable for an entity, which is created via a
procedure of mapping. For curves, it is applicable subject to no vertices are fixed to that
curve. To alleviate this restriction, create a copy of the curve, split it to more curves (already
without a fixed vertex) and fixed them to the original curve. Note that the EQUIDISTANT
property is automatically propagated to all neighboring entities.

Example:
surface 11 curve 102 100 103 12 equidistant

The subcommand EQUIDISTANT can also be used for unstructured meshes. In this case,
however, no curve with the EQUIDISTANT property is allowed to have fixed vertices and
splitting of a copied curve (as described above) will help.
256

Note also, that the EQUIDISTANT is not always 100% accurate, especially in case of a
higher order meshes.

3.13.1.6 The subcommand OUTPUT

The subcommand OUTPUT is used to explicitly control, whether a generated entity should be
output (to ATENA), or not. It works in the same way as the OUTPUT parameter from entity
definitions.
Its main use is to allow editing of FE data from the T3D generator. Suppose you have a T3D
model that has been already used to generate a FE model into ATENA and you need to edit
that model. The model has been serialized. The procedure of editing the model would be as
follows:
1/ Restore the original model.
2/ Go back to T3D.
3/ Using OUTPUT commands suppress output (from T3D to ATENA) of all entities that
didn’t change.
4/ Re-define the edited entities.
3/ Re-generate the whole model (and output all the changes into ATENA).

Syntax:

OUTPUT { YES | NO} { Vertex | CURVE | ….. | REGION } entity_id

3.13.1.7 The subcommand SLAVE

The subcommand SLAVE allows connecting of two overlapping surfaces (or neighboring
curves and nodes). Its use is rather simple: define the first entity of the pair in a usual way.
Define the second entity of the pair and include the keyword SLAVE in its definition.
Note that SLAVE is applied only for internal joints, therefore SLAVE must be specified also
for all boundary entities and their subentities up to level of boundary vertices. It behaves in
exactly the same way as ELEMPRO and NODEPROP keywords.
Example:
curve 100 vertex 101 104 slave

Only vertices with nearly the same coordinates get connected. The “same” property is judged
based on 1% octree mesh size. Octree is a special technique by which the 3D space around
the model is subdivided into brick shaped regions in order to facilitate faster searching
methods. It works for both structured and unstructured meshes. An error message is produced
and the generation is terminated, if for a SLAVE node no master node is found.

3.13.2 The command T3D_EXPAND_SELECTIONS

The command is used to compile regular and expanded selection lists with finite elements and
nodes for a particular geometrical entity by T3D generator. These lists are used to connect a
geometrical T3D model with an associated (T3D generated) finite element model.
ATENA Input File Format 257

The regular selection lists includes only nodes or elements within the entity and outside its
boundary. They are created automatically during the mesh generation by T3D and they are
using an actual setting of &T3D_EXPAND_SETTINGS during the generation. The expanded
selection lists are regular selection lists expanded by adding nodes and elements on
boundaries of the appropriate entity. They are created by commands
&T3D_EXPAND_SETTINGS after the T3D mesh generation, i.e. in time, when the regular
lists are available.

Syntax:
&T3D_EXPAND:

T3D_EXPAND_SELECTIONS { [ &T3D_EXPAND_SETTINGS ] }+ {
[&T3D_EXPAND_ENTITY] }+

&T3D_EXPAND_SETTINGS :

[ PROP_GENERATION {NONE | SEMIATOMATIC | AUTOMATIC } ] |

[EXPAND_SUFFIX "expand_str"] | [GROUP_SUFFIX "group_str"] |
[DEF_VERTEX_FMT_FOR_NODES "vertex_fmt"] |
[DEF_MNODE_FMT_FOR_NODES "mnode_fmt"] |
[DEF_CURVE_FMT_FOR_NODES "curve_fmt"] |
[DEF_PATCH_FMT_FOR_NODES "patch_fmt"] |
[DEF_SURFACE_FMT_FOR_NODES "surface_fmt"] |
[DEF_SHELL_FMT_FOR_NODES "shell_fmt"] |
[DEF_REGION_FMT_FOR_NODES "region_fmt"] |
[DEF_MELEMENT_FMT_FOR_NODES "melement_fmt"] |
[DEF_BAR_REINFORCEMENT_FMT_FOR_NODES "rc_fmt"] |
[DEF_BAR_REINFORCEMENT_FMT_FOR_PRINCIPAL_NODES "prc_fmt"]
| [DEF_CURVE_FMT_FOR_ELEMENTS "curve_fmt"] |
[DEF_PATCH_FMT_FOR_ELEMENTS "patch_fmt"] |
[DEF_SURFACE_FMT_FOR_ELEMENTS "surface_fmt"] |
[DEF_SHELL_FMT_FOR_ELEMENTS "shell_fmt"] |
[DEF_REGION_FMT_FOR_ELEMENTS "region_fmt"] |
[DEF_MELEMENT_FMT_FOR_ELEMENTS "melement_fmt"] |
[DEF_BAR_REINFORCEMENT_FMT_FOR_ELEMENTS "rc_fmt"] ]

&T3D_EXPAND_ENTITY:

[CURVE | SURFACE | SHELL | PATCH | REGION } entity_id1 }+

Table 158: &T3D_EXPAND_SELECTIONS command parameters

PROP_GENERATION {NONE | Specify mode for creation selection lists of finite

SEMIATOMATIC | AUTOMATIC } nodes and finite elements that are associated with
geometrical entities like vertex, curve etc.
NONE means that no expanded lists are created,
(i.e. a commands akin
&T3D_EXPAND_SETTINGS are ignored) and
regular selection lists are created only, if
258

NODEPROP or ELEMPROP param is explicitly

defined.
SEMIAUTOMATIC means that regular and
expanded selection lists are created only, if
NODEPROP or ELEMPROP param is explicitly.
In case of vertices, the NODEPROP param need
not be explicitly set. In that case the automated
name generation is invoked using
DEF_VERTEX_FMT_FOR_NODES.
AUTOMATIC mode forces to do the same as the
SEMIATOMATIC mode does, but it also creates
additional set of lists using the automated name
generation. This mode is used to automatically
create selection lists of finite nodes and elements
for all geometrical entities used in the T3D model,
(e.g. vertices, curves etc.)
EXPAND_SUFFIX "expand_str" Defines suffix string. All subsequently compiled
names of expanded selection lists will be given
names that equal the original (T3D) selection lists’
names appended by "expand_str”.
Default: "_&T"
Example: “_Expanded”.
In this case, e.g. an original selection list name
“Curve_1” will expand to “Curve_1_Expanded.
GROUP_SUFFIX "group_str" Defines suffix string. All subsequently compiled
names of selection lists with elements ids will be
accompanied also by selection lists with group ids
and they will be given names that equal the
original (T3D) element ids selection list appended
by "group_str" .
Default: "_&G"
Example: “_AssocGroups”.
In this case, e.g. an original selection list name
“Curve_1” will expand to
“Curve_1_AssocGroups.
DEF_VERTEX_FMT_FOR_NODES Defines formatting string akin the “C” language
"vertex_fmt" printf(…) function. All subsequently T3D
generated names of selection lists that includes list
of nodes associated with vertices will be assigned a
name that equal to str.Format("vertex_fmt",
vertex_id). If a vertex has got explicitly specified
the nodeprop parameter, the associated selection
list will be given that name.
The above applies for
ATENA Input File Format 259

PROP_GENERATION=NONE and
PROP_GENERATION=SEMIAUTOMATIC. If
PROP_GENERATION equals to AUTOMATIC,
then the nodeprop is ignored, (or reserved) and
DEF_VERTEX_FMT_FOR_NODES "vertex_fmt"
definition is used instead.
Default: "$N$V%i"
Example: “$N$Vertex%i”.
In this case, e.g. all finite nodes associated with a
vertex 13 will be listed in a selection list that calls
$N$Vertex13.
DEF_MNODE_FMT_FOR_NODES The same definition as the above for
"mnode_fmt" DEF_VERTEX_FMT_FOR_NODES, however, it
applies for macro nodes.
Default: "$N$MN%i"
Example: “$N$MacroNode%i”.
In this case, e.g. all finite nodes associated with a
macro node 13 will be listed in a selection list that
calls $N$MacroNode13.
DEF_CURVE_FMT_FOR_NODES The same definition as the above for
"curve_fmt" DEF_VERTEX_FMT_FOR_NODES, however, it
applies for curves.
Default: "$N$C%i"
Example: “$N$Curve%i”.
In this case, e.g. all finite nodes associated with a
curve 13 will be listed in a selection list that calls
$N$Curve13.
DEF_PATCH_FMT_FOR_NODES The same definition as the above for
"patch_fmt" DEF_VERTEX_FMT_FOR_NODES, however, it
applies for patches.
Default: "$N$P%i"
Example: “$N$Patch%i”.
In this case, e.g. all finite nodes associated with a
patch 13 will be listed in a selection list that calls
$N$Patch13.
DEF_SURFACE_FMT_FOR_NODE The same definition as the above for
S "surface_fmt" DEF_VERTEX_FMT_FOR_NODES, however, it
applies for surfaces.
Default: "$N$S%i"
Example: “$N$Surface%i”.
In this case, e.g. all finite nodes associated with a
260

surface 13 will be listed in a selection list that calls

$N$Surface13.
DEF_SHELL_FMT_FOR_NODES The same definition as the above for
"shell_fmt" DEF_VERTEX_FMT_FOR_NODES, however, it
applies for shells.
Default: "$N$H%i"
Example: “$N$Shell%i”.
In this case, e.g. all finite nodes associated with a
shell 13 will be listed in a selection list that calls
$N$Shell13.
DEF_REGION_FMT_FOR_NODES The same definition as the above for
"region_fmt" DEF_VERTEX_FMT_FOR_NODES, however, it
applies for regions.
Default: "$N$R%i"
Example: “$N$Region%i”.
In this case, e.g. all finite nodes associated with a
region 13 will be listed in a selection list that calls
$N$Region13.
DEF_MELEMENT_FMT_FOR_NOD The same definition as the above for
ES "melement_fmt"] DEF_VERTEX_FMT_FOR_NODES, however, it
applies for macro elements. The list will also
include boundary nodes, i.e. it is “expanded: list.
Default: " $N$ME%i"
Example: “$N$MacroElement%i”.
In this case, e.g. all finite nodes associated with a
macro element 13 will be listed in a selection list
that calls $N$MacroElement13.
DEF_BAR_REINFORCEMENT_FM The same definition as the above for
T_FOR_NODES "rc_fmt" DEF_VERTEX_FMT_FOR_NODES, however, it
applies for reinforcement bar nodes. The list will
also include boundary nodes, i.e. it is “expanded:
list.
Default: "$N$BR%i"
Example: “$N$Bar%i”.
In this case, e.g. all finite nodes associated with a
reinforcement bar 13 will be listed in a selection
list that calls $N$Bar13.
DEF_BAR_REINFORCEMENT_FM The same definition as the above for
T_FOR_PRINCIPAL_NODES DEF_VERTEX_FMT_FOR_NODES, however, it
"prc_fmt" applies for principal nodes of reinforcement bars.
The list will also include boundary nodes, i.e. it is
“expanded: list.
ATENA Input File Format 261

Default: " $N$PBR%i"

Example: “$N$PrincBar%i”.
In this case, e.g. all finite nodes associated with a
principal nodes of a reinforcement bar 13 will be
listed in a selection list that calls $N$PrincBar13.
DEF_CURVE_FMT_FOR_ELEMEN The same formatting strings as the above, but they
TS "curveNODES "melement_fmt" are used to assign names to generated list of finite
DEF_PATCH_FMT_FOR_ELEMEN elements.
TS "patch_fmt" Default: "$E$C$%i", "$E$P%i", "$E$S%i",
DEF_SURFACE_FMT_FOR_ELEM "$E$H%i", "$E$R%i", "$E$ME$%i",
ENTS "surface_fmt" "$E$BR$%i"

DEF_SHELL_FMT_FOR_ELEMENT Example: “$N$MacroNode%i”.

S "shell_fmt" In this case, e.g. all finite nodes associated with a
DEF_REGION_FMT_FOR_ELEME region 13 will be listed in a selection list that calls
NTS "region_fmt" $N$Region13.

DEF_MELEMENT_FMT_FOR_ELE
MENTS "melement_fmt"
DEF_BAR_REINFORCEMENT_FM
T_FOR_ELEMENTS "rc_fmt"

3.13.3 The Command &MACRO_JOINT

Syntax:
&MACRO_JOINT:
MACRO_JOINT { &COORDINATES_SPEC | [ENFORCED] [ID] n DELETE }+

&COORDINATES_SPEC:
COORDINATES { [ID] n [NCOORDS] ncoords [X] { x }ncoords }+

Table 159: &MACRO_JOINT command parameters

This command adds new macro joints to the model. The joints are used for example for
reinforcement bar generation. Each macro joint coordinate should be on a separate line, e.g.
[ID] n [X] x1 x2 x3
If ncoords is not specified, it is by default equal to problem dimension, see &TASK.
This command adds new macro joints to the model or deletes the existing one. The joints
are used for example for reinforcement bar generation. Each macro joint coordinate should
be on a separate line, e.g.
[ID] n [X] x1 x2 x3
If ncoords is not specified, it is by default equal to problem dimension, see &TASK. The
“ENFORCED” keyword has the same meaning as in “DELETE” command.
262

3.13.4 The Command &MACRO_ELEMENT

These commands are used to define or remove a macroelement definition, which is employed
to generate finite element nodes and elements of a FE model to be analysed. Several types of
macroelements exist and one can think of macroelement the same was as about finite element
types. Each type of a macroelement set exactly a method for how some finite elements and
their nodes should be generated. Input data for a macroelement consists of two parts:
macroelement-specific part and macroelement-common part. Each macroelement has its
unique name (that conforms with object class name, into which the macroelement is coded).
This name must be input exactly and is case-sensitive. Again, the same applies for finite
element types.

Table 160: &MACRO_ELEMENT supported types

CCIsoMacroElement Macroelement to generate a block of elements of a

general hexahedral shape (3D case) or a quadrilateral
shape (2D case).
CCCopyElementSelection Macroelement to create one or more copies of already
generated elements. The copied elements can be
rotated, shifted and translated.
CCCopyNodeSelection Macroelement to create one or more copies of already
generated nodes. The copied nodes can be rotated,
shifted and translated.
CCOverlayElementSelection Generate overlaied elements over source elements.
Useful for example in the case when the original, (e.g.
gap) elements have spurious energy modes.
CCExtrudeElementSelection Macroelement to generate elements as an extrusion
from a specified surface. Used advantageously to
generate interphase elements between surfaces of two
solid blocks.
CCDiscreteReinforcementME Macroelement definition of discrete reinforcement
bars. This macroelement definition supersedes the
legacy REINFORCEMENT BAR id GENERATTE
… command.
CCDiscretePlaneReinforcementME Macroelement definition of discrete reinforcement
smeared planes.
more macroelement types to come
soon….

3.13.4.1 Macroelement common data

These are input for all macroelement types, irrespective of their type. Macroelement specific
input MACRO_ELEM_DATA_SPEC is described later for each type separately.
ATENA Input File Format 263

Syntax:
&MACRO_ELEMENT
MACRO_ELEMENT melem_id { &GENERATE_SPEC | &UPDATE_SPEC |
&DELETE_SPEC )

&GENERATE_SPEC:
GENERATE TYPE "type_str" { [THROUGH] NODES { mnode_id }+ |
GROUP group_id | COUNTER [{BASE | ELEMENT_BASE | NODAL_BASE}]
base_id | NAME "melem_name" |
ELEMPROP "elem_prop" | NODEPROR "node_prop" { ID id}+ |
MACRO_ELEM_DATA_SPEC | EXECUTE }+

&DELETE_SPEC:
{ ENFORCED DELETE } | { DELETE }

Table 161: &MACRO_ELEMENT command parameters

melem_id Unique integer number for the macroelement’s

identification. Note that macroelements ids need not
be continuous.
&GENERATE_SPEC | Request to generate, update or remove the
&UPDATE | &DELETE_SPEC macroelement melem_id and input of the
corresponding data (for generation only). Meaning of
the keyword “ENFORCED “ is the same in
“DELETE” command.
"type_str" Type of macroelement to be used for finite element
generation, see the table &MACRO_ELEMENT
supported types above.
{ [THROUGH] NODES { List of ids of macro nodes, which defines geometry of
mnode_id }+ the macroelement. Typically these are ids of some
important macroelement boundary nodes are defined
but it need not be always the case. For more
information refer to description of a particular
macroelement.
GROUP group_id | COUNTER Id of a group that comprises the generated finite
[{BASE | ELEMENT_BASE | elements. Each macroelement is composed of one or
NODAL_BASE}] base_id more elements, all of them being from the GROUP
group_id . COUNTER [{BASE | ELEMENT_BASE |
NODAL_BASE}] base_id allows to set base ids for
numbering of generated finite elements and nodes. By
default base_id is 50000, so that the first generated
element and node will be assigned id 50001. base_id
can be set separately for nodes and elements .
ELEMPROP "elem_prop" Defines a property that is assigned to each generated
finite element. During generation of finite elements a
selection list called "elem_prop" is automatically
264

generated (see command &SELECTION) that contains

ids of the generated elements. This selection can be
later used for e.g. element load definition etc.
NODEPROP "node_prop" { ID Defines a property that is assigned to generated finite
id}+ element node. Its use is similar to "elem_prop" and
exact meaning of "node_prop" ids depends on a type
of macroelement.
MACRO_ELEM_DATA_SPEC Macroelement type specific data.
EXECUTE Forces to generate finite elements immediately. By
default, the generation is postponed up to the time
when elements are needed, i.e. typically analysis step
execution.

3.13.4.2 CCIsoMacroElement MACRO_ELEM_DATA_SPEC data

CCIsoMacroElement can be used to generate a quadrilateral or hexahedral block of elements.
Geometry of the block is defined by its corner macronodes, see input data { [THROUGH]
NODES { mnode_id }+ of input data common to all macroelements. The corner nodes are
input in exactly the same way as element incidences of quadrilateral or hexahedral finite
isoparametric elements, e.g. the same order of input corner ids is assumed.
Both linear and hierarchical quadratic macroelements are supported, i.e. a
quadrilateral/hexahedral meshed domain can be specified by 4 to 9 / 8 to 20 macronodes. The
macroelement is defined the same way as corresponding isoparametric elements.
As for NODEPROP "node_prop" { ID id}+ , (see input data common to all macroelements),
the following system for finite nodes identification is used:
 Finite element nodes that coincide with macronodes are given node_prop from the
corresponding macronodes, (if available).
 Finite element nodes located on an edge of the macroelement are given node_prop
being a concatenation of nodal properties of macronodes defining the edge. Both
edge’s macronodes must have been assigned nodal property string in order to generate
nodal property for intermediate finite element nodes.
 The same concept is applied for nodal properties for elements on the macroelement
surface.
Syntax:
SHAPE {BAR | QUAD | HEXA } { DIR dir_id | DIVISION nr | DR {dr}+ }+ {
LINEAR | QUADRATIC }

Table 162: MACRO_ELEM_DATA_SPEC for CCIsoMacroElement macro element parameters

SHAPE {BAR | Specifies shape of the macroelement. 1D can specify bar

QUAD|HEXA}<xx…x> shape, 2D problems quadrilateral shape and 3D problems
can use hexahedral shape (akin an isoparametric brick). The
xx…x> string is so called macroelement type decoration,
(akin isoparametric element types) and it specifies what
macroelement macronodes are input. For example
ATENA Input File Format 265

QUAD<xxxx> defines linear quadrilateral macroelement,

QUAD<xxxxxxxx> is quadratic quadrilateral macroelement
with Serendipity approximation etc.
DIR dir_id | DIVISION nr | nr is number of finite elements generated in each principal
DR {dr}+ direction dir_id. By default, elements’ size dr in principal
direction dir_id is 1/nr . However, it is possible to assign dr
explicitly. nr values are expected for each dir_id. If less
values are input, the list is toped up with the last input
value. If sum of all input dr (for a particular dir_id) doesn’t
match 1., it is adjusted appropriately.
For example:
DIR 2 DIVISION 5 DR 1 2 will generate 5 elements in
direction s , the first of them having half size of the others.
LINEAR | QUADRATIC Linear or quadratic finite elements will be generated. Note
that this input should not be mixed with linear or quadratic
shape of macroelement in use.

Example:
MACRO_ELEMENT 1000 GENERATE TYPE
"CCIsoMacroElement<xxxxxxxx_x_x>" THROUGH NODES 201 202 204 203
101 102 104 103 205 206
GROUP 1 COUNTER ELEMENT_BASE 1 NODAL_BASE 1 NAME "Macro
block 1"
ELEMPROP "Block_1"
NODEPROP "N1" ID 1
NODEPROP "N2" ID 2
NODEPROP "N3" ID 3
NODEPROP "N4" ID 4
NODEPROP "N5" ID 5
NODEPROP "N6" ID 6
NODEPROP "N7" ID 7
NODEPROP "N8" ID 8
QUADRATIC
SHAPE HEXA DIR 1 DIVISION 4 DIR 2 DIVISION 3 DIR 3
DIVISION 2 DR 0.2 0.2
EXECUTE

3.13.4.3 CCCopyElementSelection MACRO_ELEM_DATA_SPEC data

This type of macroelement is used, when a group of elements are repeated in the FE model. In
this case it is necessary to input (or generate) only the first occurrence of the elements. These
elements are then assigned an element property, so that they can be referred to during creating
their copies. The CCCoppyElementSelection macroelement takes responsibility for the
process copying of the “master” finite elements.
CCCopyElementSelection macroelement can be used for element extrusion, mirroring,
rotating etc. The transformation of copied elements is defined by principal SOURCE_NODES
{id}3 | {id}4 (i.e. the macroelement’s specific input data) and destination { [THROUGH]
NODES { mnode_id }+ , i.e. the macroelement’s common input data.
266

Syntax:
SOURCE_NODES {id}3 | {id}4 | SOURCE_ELEMPROP "elemprop" |
SOURCE_GROUP id | SOURCE_NODEPROP "nodeprop" | ACCOMPLISH
count | [TIMES] }+

Table 163: MACRO_ELEM_DATA_SPEC for CCCopyElementSelection macro element

parameters

Parameter Description
SOURCE_NODES {id}3 Defines ids of source macronodes, whose coordinates should be
| {id}4 transformed into destination coordinates of nodes {
[THROUGH] NODES { mnode_id }+ . Note that this input data
only defines transformation of the model and no actual
macronodes will be copied. 2D resp. 3D problem needs 3 resp. 4
of such nodal source-destination nodal pairs.
SOURCE_ELEMPROP All elements defined in the selection "elemprop" will be copied.
"elemprop" If this parameter is not specified, then all (current) elements
from SOURCE_GROUP are copied.
SOURCE_NODEPROP Selection list "nodeprop" of source nodes, whose copy should
"nodeprop" be included in a new node selection. Name of the selection will
be concatenation of destination “elemprop” and "nodeprop" . If
more copies are generated, (see ACCOMPLISH count TIMES
data), the name is appended by “$n”, where n is number of
additional copy. The same applies for destination “elemprop” .
SOURCE_GROUP id Id of element group that contains the elements
SOURCE_ELEMPROP "elemprop". By default, GROUP
group_id is used.
ACCOMPLISH count | Specifies number of copies to be generated. By default one copy
[TIMES] is created, i.e. count=1.
KEEP_ELEM_IDS Copy source element id to target element id. Otherwise a new
target id is generated, which is behaviour by default. This
function is only available for the first copy of the elements, (i.e.
count=1) and at the same time target and source group ids must
be different.
Example:
MACRO_ELEMENT 1001 GENERATE TYPE "CCCopyElementSelection" THROUGH
NODES 102 107 104 202
GROUP 1 NAME "Macro block 2"
ELEMPROP "Block_2"
SOURCE_NODES 101 102 103 201 SOURCE_ELEMPROP "Block_1"
SOURCE_NODEPROP "N1N4N5N8" "N5N6N7N8" "N5N8" "N5N6"
EXECUTE
ATENA Input File Format 267

3.13.4.4 CCCopyNodeSelection MACRO_ELEM_DATA_SPEC data

This type of macroelement is used, when a group of nodes are repeated in the FE model. In
this case it is necessary to input (or generate) only the first occurrence of the nodes. These
are then assigned a node property, so that they can be referred to during creating their copies.
The CCCoppyNodeSelection macroelement takes responsibility for the copying of the
“master” finite nodes. Note that the generated nodes have no associated degree of freedom
unless thay are later connected to a finite element or the command "ALLOCATE_DOFS
NODES...." is executed.
CCCopyNodeSelection macroelement can be e.g. used for connection of 2D shell elements,
which use local degrees of freedom and which are connected via an arbitrary nodes having all
dofs global. The transformation of copied nodes is defined by principal SOURCE_NODES
{id}3 | {id}4 (i.e. the macroelement’s specific input data) and destination { [THROUGH]
NODES { mnode_id }+ , i.e. the macroelement’s common input data.
Syntax:
SOURCE_NODES {id}3 | {id}4 | INPUT_NODEPROP "prop_in" |
OUTPUT_NODEPROP "prop_out" | SOURCE_NODEPROP "nodeprop" |
ACCOMPLISH count | [TIMES] }+

Table 164: MACRO_ELEM_DATA_SPEC for CCCopyNodeSelection macro element parameters

Parameter Description
SOURCE_NODES {id}3 Defines ids of source macronodes, whose coordinates should be
| {id}4 transformed into destination coordinates of nodes {
[THROUGH] NODES { mnode_id }+ . Note that this input data
only defines transformation of the model and no actual
macronodes will be copied. 2D resp. 3D problem needs 3 resp. 4
of such nodal source-destination nodal pairs.
INPUT_NODEPROP All nodes defined in the selection "prop_in" will be copied.
"prop_in"

SOURCE_NODEPROP Selection list "nodeprop" of source nodes, whose copy should

"nodeprop" be included in a new node selection. Name of the selection will
be concatenation of destination “elemprop” and "nodeprop" . If
more copies are generated, (see ACCOMPLISH count TIMES
data), the name is appended by “$n”, where n is number of
additional copy. The same applies for destination “elemprop” .
OUTPUT_NODEPROP Identification of output nodes. It defines a property that is
"prop_out" assigned to each generated finite node. During generation of
finite nodes a selection list called "prop_out" is automatically
generated (see command &SELECTION) that contains ids of
the generated nodes. This selection can be later used for e.g.
node load definition etc.
ACCOMPLISH count | Specifies number of copies to be generated. By default one copy
[TIMES] is created, i.e. count=1.
Example:
268

MACRO_ELEMENT 1003 GENERATE TYPE "CCCopyNodeSelection" THROUGH

NODES 200 201 202 203
OUTPUT_NODEPROP "xxx" NAME "Macro block - nodes copied"
INPUT_NODEPROP "LIST_SOLID_NODES"
SOURCE_NODEPROP "OX" "OY" "OZ"
SOURCE_NODES 100 101 102 103 ACCOMPLISH 3 TIMES EXECUTE

3.13.4.5 CCOverlayElementSelection MACRO_ELEM_DATA_SPEC data

This type of macroelement is used, when we need to generate elements over a particular
volume of the structure, which has already been meshed. For example gap elements suffer
from spurios energy modes. They only exhibits stiffness for deformation modes, when the
upper surface moves relative to the bottom surface. Other displacements modes
produce/consume zero energy, so that stiffness matrix features (for 3D gaps) 7 and more zero
eigenvalues. (A regular 3D finite elements has 6 zero eigenvalues: three displacements and
three rotations). This problem can be solved by supporting the gap elements by ambient
elements or to overlay them with other elements of the same shape. Such elements have
typically only some small rigidity to remove singularity of the structure.
CCOverlayElementSelection helps to generate the auxillary elements. It can prove useful also
for modelling fibreconcrete, concrete with smeared reinforcement etc.
CCOverlayElementSelection macro element behaves similar to CCCopyElementSelection
macro element, however spource and target elements share the same volume. Hence, no
coordinates transformation is involved, no new finite nodes are generated, target and source
elements share incidences. The input SOURCE_NODES and SOURCE_NODEPROP (for
CCCopyElementSelection macro element) is superfluous.
Syntax:
SOURCE_ELEMPROP "elemprop" | SOURCE_GROUP id | | ACCOMPLISH count |
[TIMES] }+

Table 165: MACRO_ELEM_DATA_SPEC for CCOverlayElementSelection macro element

parameters

Parameter Description
SOURCE_ELEMPROP All elements defined in the selection "elemprop" will be copied.
"elemprop" If this parameter is not specified, then all (current) elements
from SOURCE_GROUP are copied.
SOURCE_GROUP id Id of element group that contains the elements
SOURCE_ELEMPROP "elemprop". By default, GROUP
group_id is used.
ACCOMPLISH count | Specifies number of copies to be generated. By default one copy
[TIMES] is created, i.e. count=1.
KEEP_ELEM_IDS Copy source element id to target element id. Otherwise a new
target id is generated, which is behaviour by default. This
function is only available for the first copy of the elements, (i.e.
count=1) and at the same time target and source group ids must
ATENA Input File Format 269

be different.
Example:
MACRO_ELEMENT 1001 GENERATE TYPE "CCCopyElementSelection" THROUGH
NODES 102 107 104 202
GROUP 1 NAME "Macro block 2"
ELEMPROP "Block_2"
SOURCE_NODES 101 102 103 201 SOURCE_ELEMPROP "Block_1"
SOURCE_NODEPROP "N1N4N5N8" "N5N6N7N8" "N5N8" "N5N6"
EXECUTE

3.13.4.6 CCExtrudeElementSelection MACRO_ELEM_DATA_SPEC data

This type of macroelement is used, when some elements should be generated as an extrusion
of elements on a surface. Such an extrusion can be accomplished several times, thereby
generating e.g. a set of layers for modeling a complex interphase between two solid blocks.
The macroelement reads element group and ids of nodes of the source surface, (from which
the extrusion takes place) and it also reads a vector of the extrusion, (defined by NODE and
SOURCE_NODE macro nodes). The vector can be of zero length.
At the end, the macroelement generates selection lists, (for the two surfaces of extruded
elements). They are named as ELEMPROP+”$n”+SOURCE_NODEPROP+”<-” (bottom
surface) and ELEMPROP+”$n”+SOURCE_NODEPROP+”->” (top surface), where n is
number of copies. If n==0, i.e. the 1st layer, the whole string “$0” is omitted. For example, the
sample below would generate the following selections:

"Block_3_Block_2_N2N3N6N7<-"
"Block_3_Block_2_N2N3N6N7->"
"Block_3$1_Block_2_N2N3N6N7<-"
"Block_3$1_Block_2_N2N3N6N7->"
"Block_3$2_Block_2_N2N3N6N7<-"
"Block_3$3_Block_2_N2N3N6N7->"
Syntax:
SOURCE_GROUP id | SOURCE_NODE id | SOURCE_ELEMPROP "elemprop" |
SOURCE_NODEPROP "nodeprop" | ACCOMPLISH count | [TIMES] }+

Table 166: MACRO_ELEM_DATA_SPEC for CCCopyElementSelection macro element

parameters

Parameter Description
SOURCE_NODE id Defines id of a bottom macronode for the extrusion vector. The
top node is defined by NODE id.
SOURCE_ELEMPROP All elements defined in the selection "elemprop" with nodes
"elemprop" defined in SOURCE_NODEPROP "nodeprop" will be used as
270

a base for the extrusion.

SOURCE_NODEPROP See above.

"nodeprop"
SOURCE_GROUP id Id of element group that contains the elements
SOURCE_ELEMPROP "elemprop".
ACCOMPLISH count | Specifies number of copies to be generated. By default one copy
[TIMES] is created, i.e. count=1.
Example:
MACRO_ELEMENT 1002 GENERATE TYPE "CCExtrudeElementSelection" THROUGH
NODE 110
GROUP 2 NAME "MB_3"
ELEMPROP "Block_3"
SOURCE_NODE 107 SOURCE_ELEMPROP "Block_2" SOURCE_NODEPROP
"Block_2_N2N3N6N7" SOURCE_GROUP 1 ACCOMPLISH 3 TIMES
EXECUTE

3.13.4.7 CCDiscreteReinforcementME MACRO_ELEM_DATA_SPEC data

This macroelement is used to generate discrete reinforcement bars. The element supersedes
the legacy command REINFORCEMENT BAR …. The “{ [THROUGH] NODES {
mnode_id }+” data from the MACRO_ELEMENT command defines macro nodes, thru which
the reinforcement bar should pas; the mnode_1 and mnode_n being the first and the last
macro node of the bar.
Syntax:
[SIZE] MINIMUM x | [EMBEDDED] [IN] [SOLID] [SOLIDS] { AT | FROM}
solid_group_id_1 [TO solid_group_id_2] | {NORMAL | TINY [SIZE]} | PROCESS_FLAG
{ USE_REFERENCE_COORDS | USE_CURRENT_COORDS | COPY_DEFORMATION
| COPY_DEFORMATION_ONCE | COPY_NO_DEFORMATION } | REPEAT n | DX dx1
dx2 dx3...| DY dx1 dy2 dy3... | DZ dz1 dz2 dz3...| RESET_EMBEDDED |
RECONNECT_NODES }+

Table 167: MACRO_ELEM_DATA_SPEC for CCReinforcementME MACRO_ELEM_DATA_SPEC

element parameters

Parameter Description
[EMBEDDED] [IN] Interval of element groups defining the “master” material, i.e.
[SOLID] [SOLIDS] { AT | solids ids, where the bar should be generated. In other words,
FROM} solid_group_id_1 the bar will be embedded in the specified material groups.
[TO solid_group_id_2]
{ NORMAL | TINY If TINY size is defined, then the algorithm used to generate
[SIZE] } elements of the bar works correctly even in the case, that more
neighboring NODES are located with the same elements. If it
is not the case, use of NORMAL size is preferable, as it results
ATENA Input File Format 271

in much faster element generation.

Default value: NORMAL
[SIZE] MINIMUM x Minimum length of generated element. If not satisfied, newly
generated node is ignored.
Default value: 0 [length units]
REPEAT n How many additional macro elements should be generated or
reconnected. By default n=0, i.e. only one macro element is
produced. This option make possible to generate a serie of
macro elements using just one input definition. 11
DX dx1 dx2 dx3... Distance in X direction between generated macro elements due
DY dx1 dy2 dy3... to REPEAT n>0. If less then n values are input, the missing
entries are derived from the most recent DX input. By default
DZ dz1 dz2 dz3... dx=0.
The same for DY and DZ input.
RESET_EMBEDDED Clear all input in EMBEDDED] [IN] [SOLID] [SOLIDS] {
AT | FROM} solid_group_id_1.....
RECONNECT_NODES Reconnect generated nodes into the surronding solids. Useful
for the case of macro elements' update needed in simulating a
construction process.
PROCESS_FLAG {...} Process flags have the same meaning as for master-slave
boundary conditions used to connect reinforcement bars to tye
surrounding solids.
Example:
MACRO_ELEMENT 1001 GENERATE TYPE "CCDiscreteReinforcementME"
THROUGH NODES 100 101 NAME "Bottom reinforcement" MINIMUM 0.
GROUP 2 EMBEDDED AT 1
ELEMPROP "Bar_1"
NODEPROP "N1" ID 1
NODEPROP "N2" ID 2
REPEAT 2 DX 0 DY 0.02 0.02 DZ 0 // can be only REPEAT 2 DY 0.02 as it remembers
the last value
EXECUTE

MACRO_ELEMENT 1000011 UPDATE REPEAT 9 RESET_EMBEDDED

RECONNECT_NODES

11
Not available in ATENA version 4.3.1 and older.
272

3.13.4.8 CCDiscretePlaneReinforcementME MACRO_ELEM_DATA_SPEC data

This macroelement is used to generate discrete smeared reinforcement planes. Each
reinforcing plane can be of triangular or quadrilateral shape. Its corner boundary nodes are
defined by 3 or 4 macro nodes.
Syntax:
{PLANE n THROUGH NODES { n1 n2 n3 n4 | n1 n2 n3 }}+ MINIMUM [SIZE] x |
[EMBEDDED] [IN] [SOLID] [SOLIDS] { AT | FROM} solid_group_id_1 [TO
solid_group_id_2] | NORMAL | TINY [SIZE] }+

Table 168: MACRO_ELEM_DATA_SPEC for CCDiscretePlaneReinforcementME

MACRO_ELEM_DATA_SPEC element parameters

Parameter Description
{PLANE n THROUGH Specify 3 or 4 macronodes ids defining triangular or
NODES { n1 n2 n3 n4 | quadrilateral reinforcement plane.
n1 n2 n3 }}+
[EMBEDDED] [IN] Interval of element groups defining the “master” material, i.e.
[SOLID] [SOLIDS] { AT solids ids, where the bar should be generated. In other words,
| FROM} the bar will be embedded in the specified material groups.
solid_group_id_1 [TO
solid_group_id_2]
NORMAL | TINY If TINE size is defined, then the algorithm used to generate
[SIZE] elements of the smeared reinforcement planes works correctly
even in the case, that more neighboring NODES are located
with the same elements. If it is not the case, use of NORMAL
size is preferable, as it results in much faster element generation.
Default value: NORMAL
[SIZE] MINIMUM x Minimum distance between nodes of generated element. If not
satisfied, newly generated node is ignored.
Default value: 0 [length units]
Example:
MACRO_ELEMENT 1001 GENERATE TYPE "CCDiscretePlaneReinforcementME"
PLANE 1 THROUGH NODES 1001 1005 1006 1004
PLANE 2 THROUGH NODES 1005 1002 1003
PLANE 3 THROUGH NODES 1005 1003 1006
NAME "Bottom reinforcement"
MINIMUM 0.
GROUP 10 EMBEDDED AT 1
ELEMPROP "Plame_1"
NODEPROP "N1" ID 1
ATENA Input File Format 273

NODEPROP "N2" ID 2
NODEPROP "N3" ID 3
NODEPROP "N4" ID 4
EXECUTE

MACRO_ELEMENT 1001 GENERATE TYPE "CCDiscreteReinforcementME"

THROUGH NODES 100 101 NAME "Bottom reinforcement" MINIMUM 0.
GROUP 2 EMBEDDED AT 1
ELEMPROP "Bar_1"
NODEPROP "N1" ID 1
NODEPROP "N2" ID 2

3.14 Transport Analysis Related Commands

The moisture and humidity transport analysis in ATENA has been developed in a
CCStructuresTransport engineering module. Hence, the “ /M module_name “ parameter from
the ATENA command line must read:

/M CCStructuresTransport:

The CCStructuresTransport module is an extension of CCFEModel, (being the base for all
engineering modules in ATENA) and hence most input command for the transport analysis
are the same as those e.g. for static analysis of structures. This section describes additional
commands that are relevant only for the transport analysis.

Generally, it is important to recognize similarity between static and transport analyses.

Primary unknowns (i.e. LHS) and loading (i.e. RHS) variables for static analysis are
deformations and load forces, respectively. The equivalent entities for the transport analysis
are vector of psis (i.e. LHS variables) and vector of fluxes (i.e. RHS variables). The psis
encompass nodal relative humidity and temperature. Similarly the vector of fluxes includes
moisture ant heat fluxes at structural nodes. If Dirichlet boundary conditions are given that
means we are going to fix somewhere humidity and/or temperature value. The same applies
for Von Neumann boundary conditions. Similar to static analysis, both LHS and RHS
boundary conditions have incremental character, however, sign of Von Neumann boundary
conditions now depends on flux’s orientation with respect direction of normal of the surface,
where the boundary condition is applied, (and thus unlike in CCStructures the direction of
global coordinate axes is irrelevant). Plus sign means an inflow, i.e. flow going in the surface,
i.e. in the body and minus sign means an outflow, flow in the surface, i.e. losses. At beginning
of the analysis, i.e. at time t=0 a degree of freedom without any LHS and/or RHS boundary
condition means a degree of freedom belonging to impermeable surface.
274

There are a few input commands that are meaningful only for transport analysis. These are
commands:
 related to temporal time integration, &Transport Set parameters (and problem’s time
step marching execution as it is),
 needed for definition of transport finite element, &Transport finite elements,
 specifying transport constitutive material model, &Transport constitutive material,
 inputting structural initial state conditions, &Transport initial value of state variables,
 &History export related commands
 &Transport analysis additional output data.

Note also that only Modified Newton-Raphson or Full Newton-Raphson execution method
can be used.

3.14.1 Transport constitutive material model

The &MATERIAL_TYPE_PARAMS from &MATERIAL command for the case of transport
analysis reads:

&MATERIAL_TYPE_PARAMS TYPE {&CCModelBaXi94_PARAMS |

&CCTransportMaterial_PARAMS | &CCTransportMaterialLevel7_PARAMS }

&CCModelBaXi94_PARAMS "CCModelBaXi94" [CONCRETE CONCRETE TYPE

n_type RATIO_WC ratio [CEMENT_WEIGHT cem_weight ]] [
TEMPERATURE { [K_TEMP_H x] | [K_TEMP_TEMP x] | [K_TEMP_W x] |
[K_TEMP_GRAV x] | [C_TEMP_H x] | [C_TEMP_TEMP x] | [C_TEMP_W x] |
[K_TEMP_H_FNC_ID x] | [K_TEMP_TEMP_FNC_ID x] |
[K_TEMP_W_FNC_ID x] | [K_TEMP_GRAV_FNC_ID x] |
[C_TEMP_H_FNC_ID x] | [C_TEMP_TEMP_FNC_ID x] |
[C_TEMP_W_FNC_ID x] }+

&CCTransportMaterial_PARAMS TYPE "CCTransportMaterial"

[ TEMPERATURE
{ [K_TEMP_H KTh0 ] | [K_TEMP_TEMP KTT0 0
] | [K_TEMP_W KTw ]|
0
[K_TEMP_GRAV KTgrav ] | [C_TEMP_H CTh0 ] | [C_TEMP_TEMP CTT
0
] |
0
[C_TEMP_W CTw ] | [C_H_T CTt0 ] | [K_TEMP_H_FNC_TEMP_ID f KTTh ] |
[K_TEMP_TEMP_FNC_TEMP_ID f KTTT ] | [K_TEMP_W_FNC_TEMP_ID
f KTTw ] | [K_TEMP_GRAV_FNC_TEMP_ID f KTTgrav ] |
[C_TEMP_H_FNC_TEMP_ID fCTTh ] | [C_TEMP_TEMP_FNC_TEMP_ID fCTTT ] |
[C_TEMP_W_FNC_TEMP_ID fCTTw ] | [C_TEMP_T_FNC_TEMP_ID f CTTt ] |
[K_TEMP_H_FNC_H_ID f KhTh ] | [K_TEMP_TEMP_FNC_H_ID f KhTT ] |
[K_TEMP_W_FNC_H_ID f KhTw ] | [K_TEMP_GRAV_FNC_H_ID f KhTgrav ] |
ATENA Input File Format 275

[C_TEMP_H_FNC_H_ID fChTh ] | [C_TEMP_TEMP_FNC_H_ID fChTT ] |

[C_TEMP_W_FNC_H_ID fChTw ] | [C_TEMP_T_FNC_H_ID f ChTt ] |
[K_TEMP_H_FNC_T_ID f Kt Th ] | [K_TEMP_TEMP_FNC_T_ID f Kt TT ] |
[K_TEMP_W_FNC_T_ID f Kt Tw ] | [K_TEMP_GRAV_FNC_T_ID f KhTgrav ] |
[C_TEMP_H_FNC_T_ID f CtTh ] | [C_TEMP_TEMP_FNC_T_ID fCtTT ] |
[C_TEMP_W_FNC_T_ID fCtTw ] | [C_TEMP_T_FNC_T_ID f CtTt ] }+ ]
[WATER
0 0 0 0
{ [D_H_H Dwh ] | [D_H_TEMP DwT ] | [D_H_W Dww ] | [D_H_GRAV Dwgrav ]|
0 0 0
[C_H_H Cwh ] | [C_H_TEMP CwT ] | [C_H_W Cww ] [C_H_T Cwt0 ] |
[D_H_H_FNC_H_ID f Dhwh ] | [D_H_TEMP_FNC_H_ID f DhwT ] |
[D_H_W_FNC_H_ID f Dhww ] | [D_H_GRAV_FNC_H_ID f Dhwgrav ] |
[C_H_H_FNC_H_ID fChwh ] | [C_H_TEMP_FNC_H_ID fChwT ] |
[C_H_W_FNC_H_ID fChww ] | [C_H_T_FNC_H_ID fChwt ] |
[D_H_H_FNC_TEMP_ID f DTwh ] | [D_H_TEMP_FNC_TEMP_ID f DTwT ] |
[D_H_W_FNC_TEMP_ID f DTww ] | [D_H_GRAV_FNC_TEMP_ID f DTwgrav ] |
[C_H_H_FNC_TEMP_ID fCTwh ] | [C_H_TEMP_FNC_TEMP_ID f CTwT ] |
[C_H_W_FNC_TEMP_ID f CTww ] | [C_H_T_FNC_TEMP_ID fCTwt ] |
[D_H_H_FNC_T_ID f Dt wh ] | [D_H_TEMP_FNC_T_ID f Dt wT ] |
[D_H_W_FNC_T_ID f Dt ww ] | [D_H_GRAV_FNC_T_ID f Dt wgrav ] |
[C_H_H_FNC_T_ID fCtwh ] | [C_H_TEMP_FNC_T_ID fCtwT ] |
[C_H_W_FNC_T_ID fCtww ] | [C_H_T_FNC_T_ID fCtwt ] }+ ]

&CCTransportMaterialLevel7_PARAMS TYPE "CCTransportMaterialLevel7"

[SPECIFIC
{ [DOH_FNC_ID] | [DOH25_FNC_ID] | [B1 val ] | [B2 val ] | [ALPHAINF val ]
| [ETA val ] | [A val ] | [QH_POT val ] | [QW_POT val ] | [TH_INIT val ] |
[ALPHA_INIT val ] | [TH_INCR_MIN val ] | [TH_INCR_MAX val ] |
[TEMPERATURE_INCR_MAX val ] | [CEMENT_MASS val ] |
[AGGREGATE_MASS val ] | [FILLER_MASS val ] | [CEMENT_DENSITY
val ] | [WATER_DENSITY val ] | [AGGREGATE_DENSITY val ] |
[FILLER_DENSITY ival ] | [C_AGGREGATE_TEMP_TEMP val ] |
[C_FILLER_TEMP_TEMP val ] | [C_CEMENT_TEMP_TEMP val ] |
[C_WATER_TEMP_TEMP val ] | [K_AGGREGATE_TEMP_TEMP val ] |
[K_FILLER_TEMP_TEMP val ] | [K_CEMENT_TEMP_TEMP val ] |
[K_WATER_TEMP_TEMP val ] | [K_AIR_TEMP_TEMP val ] | [W_F val ] |
[H80 val ] | [W80 val ] | [TEMP0 val ] | [A_WV val ] | [A_W val ] | [MI_WV val
] | [TEMP0_ICE val ] | [A_WV_ICE val ] | [EA val ] }+ ]
[TEMPERATURE
{ [K_TEMP_H KTh0 ] | [K_TEMP_TEMP KTT 0
] | [K_TEMP_W KTw 0
]|
0
[K_TEMP_GRAV KTgrav ] | [C_TEMP_H CTh0 ] | [C_TEMP_TEMP CTT
0
] |
276

0
[C_TEMP_W CTw ] | [C_H_T CTt0 ] | [K_TEMP_H_FNC_TEMP_ID f KTTh ] |
[K_TEMP_TEMP_FNC_TEMP_ID f KTTT ] | [K_TEMP_W_FNC_TEMP_ID
f KTTw ] | [K_TEMP_GRAV_FNC_TEMP_ID f KTTgrav ] |
[C_TEMP_H_FNC_TEMP_ID fCTTh ] | [C_TEMP_TEMP_FNC_TEMP_ID fCTTT ] |
[C_TEMP_W_FNC_TEMP_ID fCTTw ] | [C_TEMP_T_FNC_TEMP_ID f CTTt ] |
[K_TEMP_H_FNC_H_ID f KhTh ] | [K_TEMP_TEMP_FNC_H_ID f KhTT ] |
[K_TEMP_W_FNC_H_ID f KhTw ] | [K_TEMP_GRAV_FNC_H_ID f KhTgrav ] |
[C_TEMP_H_FNC_H_ID f ChTh ] | [C_TEMP_TEMP_FNC_H_ID fChTT ] |
[C_TEMP_W_FNC_H_ID fChTw ] | [C_TEMP_T_FNC_H_ID fChTt ] |
[K_TEMP_H_FNC_T_ID f Kt Th ] | [K_TEMP_TEMP_FNC_T_ID f Kt TT ] |
[K_TEMP_W_FNC_T_ID f Kt Tw ] | [K_TEMP_GRAV_FNC_T_ID f KhTgrav ] |
[C_TEMP_H_FNC_T_ID fCtTh ] | [C_TEMP_TEMP_FNC_T_ID fCtTT ] |
[C_TEMP_W_FNC_T_ID fCtTw ] | [C_TEMP_T_FNC_T_ID fCtTt ] }+ ]
[WATER
0 0 0 0
{ [D_H_H Dwh ] | [D_H_TEMP DwT ] | [D_H_W Dww ] | [D_H_GRAV Dwgrav ]|
0 0 0
[C_H_H Cwh ] | [C_H_TEMP CwT ] | [C_H_W Cww ] [C_H_T Cwt0 ] |
[D_H_H_FNC_H_ID f Dhwh ] | [D_H_TEMP_FNC_H_ID f DhwT ] |
[D_H_W_FNC_H_ID f Dhww ] | [D_H_GRAV_FNC_H_ID f Dhwgrav ] |
[C_H_H_FNC_H_ID fChwh ] | [C_H_TEMP_FNC_H_ID fChwT ] |
[C_H_W_FNC_H_ID f Chww ] | [C_H_T_FNC_H_ID fChwt ] |
[D_H_H_FNC_TEMP_ID f DTwh ] | [D_H_TEMP_FNC_TEMP_ID f DTwT ] |
[D_H_W_FNC_TEMP_ID f DTww ] | [D_H_GRAV_FNC_TEMP_ID f DTwgrav ] |
[C_H_H_FNC_TEMP_ID fCTwh ] | [C_H_TEMP_FNC_TEMP_ID fCTwT ] |
[C_H_W_FNC_TEMP_ID f CTww ] | [C_H_T_FNC_TEMP_ID fCTwt ] |
[D_H_H_FNC_T_ID f Dt wh ] | [D_H_TEMP_FNC_T_ID f Dt wT ] |
[D_H_W_FNC_T_ID f Dt ww ] | [D_H_GRAV_FNC_T_ID f Dt wgrav ] |
[C_H_H_FNC_T_ID fCtwh ] | [C_H_TEMP_FNC_T_ID f CtwT ] |
[C_H_W_FNC_T_ID fCtww ] | [C_H_T_FNC_T_ID fCtwt ] }+ ]

Table 169: &Parameters of the & CCModelBaXi94 within the transport analysis

Parameter Description
CONCRETE TYPE n_type Type of concrete, resp. type of cement. n_type = <1..4>,
n_type =1 for Portland cement etc.
Default value: 1
RATIO_WC ratio Water cement ratio. The allowed range is <0.3..0.7.
ATENA Input File Format 277

Default value : 0.56

CEMENT_WEIGHT This parameter is used to account for moisture loss due to
cem_weight hydration. When the CCModelBaXi94 material model is
used, cem_weight should be set 0, because the model takes
hydration into account automatically. This option is prepared
for some less elaborated material models that cannot deal
with hydration moisture loss directly and the (Bazant and
Thonguthai 1978; Bazant 1986) model should be used
instead. For more information refer to the ATENA
Theoretical Manual, section Transport analysis.
Default value: 0
[K_TEMP_H x] Coefficients defining heat flux. The heat flux is computed
[K_TEMP_TEMP x] by  J T   kTh  h   kTw  w   kTT  T  kT 0 , see the ATENA
[K_TEMP_W x]
Theoretical manual. Usually, all these coefficients are zero,
[K_TEMP_GRAV x]
except  kTT  =K_TEMP_TEMP=x.

Default value: K_TEMP_TEMP = 2.1 W/C/m

[C_TEMP_H x] Coefficients defining heat material capacity. The
[C_TEMP_TEMP x]
 h w T
[C_TEMP_W x] LHST   CT   cTh  cTw  cTT  cT 0 , see the
t t t t
ATENA Theoretical manual. Usually, all these coefficients
are zero, except  cTT  =C_TEMP_TEMP=x.

Default value: C_TEMP_TEMP =2.55E6 [J/m^3/C].

[K_TEMP_H_FNC_ID x] All the above heat flux and capacity coefficients are constant
[K_TEMP_TEMP_FNC_ID x] with respect to state variables, i.e. humidity and temperature,
[K_TEMP_W_FNC_ID x] but can vary in time. This is achieved by multiplying each of
[K_TEMP_GRAV_FNC_ID the above parameters by a time function. Ids of such a
x] [C_TEMP_H_FNC_ID x] function are specified here. The whole concept is similar to
[C_TEMP_TEMP_FNC_ID x] time varying boundary conditions, parameters for material
[C_TEMP_W_FNC_ID x] models in static etc. The time functions themselves are given
by &FUNCTION.

Table 170: &Parameters of the & CCTransportMaterial within the transport analysis

Input parameters for user-defined constitutive law for flow governing equations
278

Heat :
W
  div( qw )
t
h T w
CTh  CTT  CTw  CTt  div  KTh grad (h)  KTT grad (T )  KTw grad ( w)  KTgrav 
t t t

Moisture :
Q
  div( qT )
t
h T w
Cwh  CwT  Cww  Cwt  div  Dwh grad (h)  DwT grad (T )  Dww grad ( w)  Dwgrav 
t t t

W , Q states for total amount of moisture per unit volume, [kg/m3 ] and total amount of energy
per unit volume, [J/m3 ]. Note that positive value of CTt , Cht causes consumption, so that e.g.
hydration heat must be input as negative number. Input always a label followed by an
associated real value, (for constant parameter) or integer id of a previously defined function,
(for a function definition). If a parameter is skipped, it is assumed either zero or the
associated function is assumed to have value 1, i.e. neglected. The T subscript for
temperature related parameters is replaced by TEMP string. The subscripts for humidity,
water content and time, i.e. sink related terms remain unchanged, i.e. H, W, t respectively.
For example CTT is entered as C_TEMP_TEMP etc. All functions are defined separately.
Each such a definition is refered by its id, i.e. a integer number. This integer is then specified
as a value following the appropriate label. For example the function fCtTT (t ) is defined with id
k. Then, the material data input would read C_TEMP_TEMP_FNC_ID k.
Significance of the parameters is as follows:
ATENA Input File Format 279

CTh  CTh0 f ChTh (h) fCTTh (T ) fCtTh (t )

CTT  CTT
0
f ChTT (h) f CTTT (T ) fCtTT (t )
CTw  CTw
0
fChTw (h) f CTTw (T ) f CtTw (t )
CTt  CTt0 fChTt (h) fCTTt (T ) fCtTt (t )
Cwh  Cwh
0
f Chwh (h) f CTwh (T ) fCtwh (t )
CwT  CwT
0
fChwT (h) f CTwT (T ) fCtwT (t )
Cww  Cww
0
fChww (h) fCTww (T ) fCtww (t )
Cwt  Cwt0 fChwt (h) fCTwt (T ) fCtwt (T )

KTh  KTh0 f KhTh (h) f KTTh (T ) f Kt Th (t )

KTT  KTT
0
f KhTT (h) f KTTT (T ) f Kt TT (t )
KTw  KTw
0
f KhTw (h) f KTTw (T ) f Kt Tw (t )
KTgrav  KTgrav
0
f KhTgrav (h) f KTTgrav (T ) f Kt Tgrav (t )
Dwh  Dwh
0
f Dhwh (h) f DTwh (T ) f Dt wh (t )
DwT  DwT
0
f DhwT (h) f DTwT (T ) f Dt wT (t )
Dww  Dww
0
f Dhww (h) f DTww (T ) f Dt ww (t )
Dwgrav  Dwgrav
0
f Dhwgrav (h) f DTwgrav (T ) f Dt wgrav (t )

Default values: All functions are constant and equal to one, i.e. they are disregarded. All
other parameters are by default zero with the following exceptions:

kg kg
Chh  225 3
, Dhh  1.5 E  6
m sm
J J
CTT  2.55 E 6 3 , KTT  2.1
mC s mC

Table 171: &Parameters of the &CCTransportMaterialLevel7 within the transport analysis

Parameter Description
DOH_FNC_ID id Id of degree of hydration DoH(time) function.
It prevails input of DOH25_FNC_ID and
analytical calculation of DoH(time) using B1,
B2, ALPHAINF and ETA.
DOH25_FNC_ID id Id of degree of hydration DoH25(time)
function, i.e. DoH function for reference
temperature 25oC and relative humidity 1. It is
280

overwriten by DOH_FNC_ID and prevails

analytical calculation of DoH(time) using B1,
B2, ALPHAINF and ETA
B1 val B1 hydration parameter, (see Atena Theory
manual).
Units: [time-1]
Default value: 0.5 hour-1=0.0001389sec-1
B2 val B2 hydration parameter, (see Atena Theory
manual).
Units: [-]
Default value: 0.001
ALPHAINF val Ultimate hydration degree  
Units:[-]
Default value: 0.85
ETA val Microdiffusion of free water through formed
hydrates 
Units: [-]
Default value: 7.
A val Material parameter a in Eqn. to compute  h
reduction of capillary moisture.
Units: [-]
Default value: 7.5
QH_POT val Qh, pot is potential hydration heat

Units: [energy/kg of cement]

Default value: 500000 J/kg of cement
QW_POT val Qw, pot is potential hydration moisture
consmption
Units: [mass of water/mass of cement, i.e.
unitless]
Default value: 0.24 kg of water / 1kg of
cement
TH_INIT val Initial time tini for which  ini has been
calculated. Typically it is zero.
Units: [time]
Default value: 0 hour
ALPHA_INIT val Initial value of  maturity factor. For fresh
ATENA Input File Format 281

and hydrated concrete   0,   1 ,

respectively. Typically it is zero.
Units: [-]
Default value: 0
TH_INCR_MIN val Units: tmin minimum time increment for
integration of  maturity factor
Units: [time]
Default value: 1 second
TH_INCR_MAX val tmax maximum time increment for integration
of  maturity factor
Units: [time]
Default value: 1 hour
TEMPERATURE_INCR_MAX val Time increment for for integration of 
maturity factor is calculated as follows:
t  exp(0.03674066933Tmax  log(t )
tmin  t  tmax
TEMPERATURE_INCR_MAX val states for
Tmax parameter in the above equation.
Units: [temperature]
Default value: 0.1 0C
CEMENT_MASS val Cement mass in concrete mcement .
Units: [mass]
Default value: 161 kg
AGGREGATE_MASS val Fine and coarse aggregeate mass in concrete
maggregate .

Units: [mass]
Default value: 2086 kg
FILLER_MASS val Filler mass in concrete m filler .

Units: [mass]
Default value: 69 kg
CEMENT_DENSITY val Cement density.
Units: [mass/length3]
Default value: 3220 kg/m3
WATER_DENSITY val Water density.
Units: [mass/length3]
282

Default value: 1000 kg/m3

AGGREGATE_DENSITY val Density of coarse and fine aggregate.
Units: [mass/length3]
Default value: 2800 kg/m3
FILLER_DENSITY val Density of filler.
Units: [mass/length3]
Default value: 2400 kg/m3
C_AGGREGATE_TEMP_TEMP val Heat capacity of aggregate per unit volume
Caggregate .

Units: [energy/(lenght3 0C)]

Default value: 2.352E6 J/( m3 0C)
C_FILLER_TEMP_TEMP val Heat capacity of filler per unit volume
C filler .

Units: [energy/(lenght3 0C)]

Default value: 2.268E6 J/( m3 0C)
C_CEMENT_TEMP_TEMP val Heat capacity of cement per unit volume
Ccement .
Units: [energy/(lenght3 0C)]
Default value: 2.415E6 J/( m3 0C)
C_WATER_TEMP_TEMP val Heat capacity of water per unit volume
Cwater .
Units: [energy/(lenght3 0C)]
Default value: 4.18E6 J/( m3 0C)
K_AGGREGATE_TEMP_TEMP val Heat conductivity of aggregate aggregate .

Units: [energy/(length time temperature)]

Default value: 1.9 J/(m second 0C)
K_FILLER_TEMP_TEMP val Heat conductivity of filler  filler

Units: [energy/(length time temperature)]

Default value: 0.6 J/(m second 0C)
K_CEMENT_TEMP_TEMP val Heat conductivity of cement cement
Units: [energy/(length time temperature)]
Default value: 1.55 J/(m second 0C)
ATENA Input File Format 283

K_WATER_TEMP_TEMP val Heat conductivity of water water

Units: [energy/(length time temperature)]
Default value: 0.604 J/(m second 0C)
K_AIR_TEMP_TEMP val Heat conductivity of air air
Units: [energy/(length time temperature)]
Default value: 0.035 J/(m second 0C)
W_F val Free water saturation w f

Units: [mass/length3]
Default value: 127 kg/m3
H80 val Relative humidity h80 for w80 .
Units: [-]
Default value: 0.8
W80 val Water saturation w80 for h80 .
Units: [mass/length3]
Default value: 40 kg/m3
TEMP0 val Parameter T0 to calculate saturaturated water
vapour pressure psat for temperatures
T  0 0C .
Units: [temperature]
Default value: 234.18 0C.
A_WV val Parameter a to calculate saturated water
vapour pressure psat for temperatures
T  0 0C .
Units: [-]
Default value: 17.08

A_W val Water absorption coefficient A.

Units: [mass/(length2time0.5)]
Default value: 0.01 kg/(m2 second0.5)
MI_WV val Water vapour diffusion resistance factor 
Units: [-]
Default value: 210.
TEMP0_ICE val Parameter T0 to calculate saturatated water
284

vapour pressure psat for temperatures

T 0 C0

Units: [temperature]
Default value: 272.44 0C.
A_WV_ICE val Parameter a to calculate saturated water
vapour pressure psat for temperatures
T  0 0C .
Units: [-]
Default value: 22.44
EA val Acxtivation energy Ea
Units: [energy/mol]
Default value: 38300 J/mol
All remaining input data in the sections They are the same as those for
TEMPERATURE and WATER: &CCTransportMaterial_PARAMS, except by
Chh  0.0, Dhh  0.
default
CTT  0., KTT  0.

3.14.2 Transport finite elements

The transport analysis uses different types of finite elements. They are input in exactly the
same way as for static analysis. The following tables lists all transport analysis element. For
each of the supported element the table below also presents name of corresponding a finite
element for static analysis, which has the same geometry and nodal ids marking.

Table 172: Finite elements to transport analysis with Newton-Cotes integration.

Element Description Equivalent element

for static analysis
with the same
geometry
IsoQuad4_2D 2D quadrilateral isoparametric elements CCIsoQuad4_2D
... ...
IsoQuad9_2D CCIsoQuad9_2D
IsoQuad4_Asym Axisymmetric quadrilateral isoparametric CCIsoQuad4_Asym
... elements ...
IsoQuad9_2ASy CCIsoQuad9_ASym
m
IsoTriangle3_2D 2D triangular isoparametric elements CCIsoTriangle3_2D
... ...
ATENA Input File Format 285

IsoTriangle6_2D CCIsoTriangle6_2D
IsoTriangle3_AS Axisymmetric triangular isoparametric elements CCIsoTriangle3_ASy
ym m
... ...
IsoTriangle6_AS CCIsoTriangle6_ASy
ym m
IsoBrick8_3D Hexahedral isoparametric elements CCIsoBrick8_3D
... ...
IsoBrick20_3D CCIsoBrick8_3D
IsoWedge6_3D Wedge isoparametric elements CCIsoWedge6_3D
.... ....
IsoWedge15_3D CCIsoWedge15_3D
IsoTetra4_3D Tetrahedral isoparametric elements CCIsoTetra4_3D
.... ....
IsoTetra10_3D CCIsoTetra10_3D
IsoTruss2_2D, Truss isoparametric elements, 2D, 3D and CCIsoTruss2_2D,
IsoTruss3_2D, axisymmetric. CCIsoTruss3_2D,
IsoTruss2_3D, CCIsoTruss2_3D,
IsoTruss3_3D, CCIsoTruss3_3D,
IsoTruss2_ASym, CCIsoTruss2_ASym,
IsoTruss3_ASym, CCIsoTruss3_ASym,

Table 173: Finite elements to transport analysis with Gaussian integration.

Element Description Equivalent element

for static analysis
with the same
geometry
IsoQuadGauss4_2 2D quadrilateral isoparametric elements CCIsoQuad4_2D
D
...
...
CCIsoQuad9_2D
IsoQuad Gauss
9_2D
IsoQuad Gauss Axisymmetric quadrilateral isoparametric CCIsoQuad4_Asym
4_Asym elements ...
...
CCIsoQuad9_ASym
IsoQuad Gauss
9_2ASym
IsoTriangle Gauss 2D triangular isoparametric elements CCIsoTriangle3_2D
286

3_2D ...
... CCIsoTriangle6_2D
IsoTriangle Gauss
6_2D
IsoTriangle Gauss Axisymmetric triangular isoparametric elements CCIsoTriangle3_ASy
3_ASym m
... ...
IsoTriangle Gauss CCIsoTriangle6_ASy
6_ASym m
IsoBrick Gauss Hexahedral isoparametric elements CCIsoBrick8_3D
8_3D
...
...
CCIsoBrick8_3D
IsoBrick Gauss
20_3D
IsoWedge Gauss Wedge isoparametric elements CCIsoWedge6_3D
6_3D
....
....
CCIsoWedge15_3D
IsoWedge Gauss
15_3D
IsoTetra Gauss Tetrahedral isoparametric elements CCIsoTetra4_3D
4_3D
....
....
CCIsoTetra10_3D
IsoTetra Gauss
10_3D

3.14.3 Transport initial values of state variables

Each transient analysis, the transport analysis included, needs to know initial values of the
structural state variables prior any execution. This is achieved by the following commands:

Syntax:
&INITIAL_CONDITIONS:
NODAL { MAT_H_TEMP | MAT_TEMP_H| H_TEMP_MAT | TEMP_H_MAT |
TEMPERATURE | HUMIDITY | MATERIAL} [SETTINGS] {
&MANUAL_INITIAL_VALUES_ENTRY |
&GENERATED_INITIAL_VALUES }

&MANUAL_INITIAL_VALUES_ENTRY:
{ NODE n | TYPE type | H h | W w | TEMP temp }+
ATENA Input File Format 287

Table 174: Nodal Initial Conditions Definition (manual entries)

Sub-Command Description
NODE n Set initial conditions for node n.
TYPE type Specify type of material used in node n. Note that transport
analysis is integrated in finite nodes rather than integration
nodes in finite elements and hence material model is related to
finite nodes (and not finite elements).
Hh|Ww Set initial condition for relative humidity h. Moisture
conditions can be equivalently also set by setting the amount
of water content w, see the ATENA Theoretical manual for
definition of w(.
TEMP temperature Set initial temperature in the node [Kelvin]

&GENERATED_INITIAL_VALUES:

NODAL [SETTING] SELECTION "selection_name" { TYPE type | GENERATE_ H |

GENERATE_W | GENERATE_TEMP | CONST const | COEFF_X coeff_x |
COEFF_Y coeff_y | COEFF_Z coeff_z}+

Table 175: Nodal Initial Conditions Definition (generated entries)

Sub-Command Description
SELECTION Name of selection, for which the generation is requested.
"selection_name"
TYPE type Specify type of material used in nodes in the selection.
{GENERATE_H | Keyword for entities to be generated. The value is generated
GENERATE_W | as linear combination:
GENERATE_TEMP }1
CONST const | COEFF_X
value  const  x coeff x  y coeff y  z coeff z
coeff_x | COEFF_Y coeff_y |
COEFF_Z coeff_z
x,y,z are coordinates of nodes, where the generation is
processed

Example:
NODAL MAT_H_TEMP SETTING NODE 1 MATERIAL TYPE 1 H 1. TEMP 20
NODAL SELECTION “my_selection” GENERATE_TYPE 1
CONST 0.5 COEFF_X 0. COEFF_Y -0.6523648649 COEFF_Z 0. GENERATE_H
CONST -10. COEFF_X 0. COEFF_Y 0. COEFF_Z 0 GENERATE_T
288

3.14.4 Transport Set parameters

The transport analysis SET related input is specified via the ANALYSIS_TYPE
subcommand.

Table 176: &ANALYSIS_TYPE sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
&TRANSIENT Set transient analysis and set some parameters for it.
&CONVERGENCE_CRIT Convergence criteria for the transport analysis
ERIA

&TRANSIENT:
TRANSIENT { [TIME] CURRENT x | [TIME] INCREMENT x |
TIME_INTEGRATION { {CRANK_NICHOLSON | THETA x }+ |
ADAMS_BASHFORTH } | REFERENCE_ETA eta}+

Table 177: ANALYSIS_TYPE subcommands for the transport analysis

Parameter Description
[TIME] CURRENT x Sets current time.
[TIME] INCREMENT x Sets time increment in steps.
TIME_INTEGRATION Set type of temporal integration scheme. If this parameter is not
input, then CRANK_NICHOLSON integration will be used.
CRANK_NICHOLSON Use linear trapezoidal integration.
THETA x  parameter for trapezoidal integration. By default  = 0.5.
Several other linear temporal integration may be utilized
depending on the, e.g. implicit Newton integration for  = 1,
explicit integration for  = 0 etc. For good compromise between
convergence and possibility of oscillations values about  =
0.85 is recommended.
ADAMS_BASHFORTH Adams – Bashforth quadratic temporal integration.
REFERENCE_ETA eta Damping factor.  t  dt   t   t  dt .   0.3..1  ;   1 set
totally un-damped analysis.
Default: 1

&CONVERGENCE_CRITERIA:
{ ABSOLUTE [ ERROR] | RELATIVE [ERROR] } | TEMPERATURE ERROR x |
HUMIDITY ERROR x | STEP_STOP_TEMPERATURE ERROR FACTOR x |
STEP_STOP_HUMIDITY ERROR FACTOR x |
ITER_STOP_TEMPERATURE ERROR FACTOR x | ITER_STOP_HUMIDITY
ATENA Input File Format 289

ERROR FACTOR x | NEGLIGIBLE_TEMPERATURE x | NEGLIGIBLE

_HUMIDITY x }+

Table 178: &CONVERGENCE_CRITERIA sub-command parameters

Parameter Description
ABSOLUTE [ERROR] The convergence criteria values are computed using the absolute
norm that is using the maximal element of an array in its absolute
value. The error is then computed by dividing an iterative value
with the value cumulated within the whole step.
RELATIVE [ERROR] The convergence criteria values are computed using the
Euclidean norm. The error is then computed by dividing an
iterative value with the value cumulated within the whole step.
TEMPERATURE ERROR x Convergence limit for absolute value of temperature increments.
Default value is 0.01.
E.g. TEMPERATURE ERROR x
HUMIDITY ERROR x Convergence limit for absolute value of humidity increments.
Default value is 0.01.
E.g. HUMIDITY ERROR x
STEP_STOP_TEMPERATU Factors for appropriate convergence criterion value. If a
RE ERROR FACTOR x | convergence criterion value multiplied by the appropriate factor
STEP_STOP_HUMIDITY exceeds the related calculated analysis error, then the execution is
ERROR FACTOR x immediately killed. They are two sets of factors: the first one for
| checking each iteration and the other one to be exercised at the
ITER_STOP_TEMPERATU end of each step. The default value for iteration related factors is
RE ERROR FACTOR x | 1000, whilst the default value for step related factors is 10.
ITER_STOP_HUMIDITY E.g.
ERROR FACTOR x
SET Absolute
Step_stop_humidity error factor 15.
Step_stop_ temperature error factor 53
Iter_stop_ humidity error factor 201
Iter_stop_ temperature error factor 203
SET Relative
Step_stop_ humidity error factor 54
Step_stop_ temperature error factor 56
Iter_stop_ humidity error factor 204
Iter_stop_ temperature error factor 206
NEGLIGIBLE_TEMPERAT Values that are negligible, i.e. that can be ignored. By default
URE x | NEGLIGIBLE they are set to 1.E-11.
_HUMIDITY x E.g.
SET
Absolute error Negligible_temperature 0.1
Relative error Negligible_temperature 0.2
290

3.14.5 The &HISTORY EXPORT command

The command forces ATENA to export data about humidity and temperature history at
structural nodes. These data can be later imported into static analysis by the command
&HISTORY_IMPORT.

Syntax:
&HISTORY_EXPORT:
HISTORY [{APPEND | OVERWRITE}] [EXPORT] [TO] [GEOMETRY
geometry_filename] | [RESULTS] results_filename] 2

Table 179: Transport analysis HISTORY_EXPORT command parameters

Parameter Description
results_filename Name of binary file with the history. It must be the same as that
specified for HISTORY IMPORT command in the
CCStructuresCreep module. It should be enclosed in double
quote character (“).
geometry_filename Name of binary file with geometry of the exported model. It
must be the same as that specified for HISTORY IMPORT
command in the CCStructuresCreep module. It should be
enclosed in double quote character (“). If omitted, identical
imported and current models are assumed.
[{APPEND | Open option for the file. By default, the file gets during
OVERWRITE }] execution overwritten.
[EXPORT] [TO] Ignored keywords.

3.14.6 &Transport element load

The transport analysis supports the following types of element load:

 &BOUNDARY_ELEMENT_LOAD
 &BODY_ELEMENT_LOAD
 &FIRE_BOUNDARY LOAD
 &MOIST_TEMP_BOUNDARY_LOAD

3.14.6.1 The Sub-command &FIRE_BOUNDARY LOAD

&FIRE_BOUNDARY _LOAD:
FIRE_BOUNDARY [GROUP group_id [ TO group_id_to [ BY group_id_by]]
[ELEMENT { element_id [ TO element_id_to [ BY element_id_by]] |
ATENA Input File Format 291

SELECTION list_name }] ] [COEFF const ] [COEFF_X coeff_x] [COEFF_Y

coeff_y ] [COEFF_Z coeff_z ] [ [FIRE] [TYPE] { GENERIC | NOMINAL_HC,
MODIFIED_HC } ] [CONVECTION hc ] [EMISSIVITY  r ]
[TEMPERATURE_MAX Tg ,ref ] [TEMPERATURE_MIN Tg ,min ]
[TIME_FUNCTION time_id] [NODES "boundary_nodes_list" ] [{EDGE |
EDGE_NO_DUPLICATES} | SURFACE } ] [MERGE [ MERGE_STRING str ]
] [MULTIPLE {YES|NO}] [NO_ELEM_OUTPUT ] [ { CONSTANT_IN_STEP
| VARIABLE_IN_STEP | SEMIVARIABLE_IN_STEP } ]

Important: Note that unlike other types of static loads (that are input in incremenental
manner), the fire boundary load has character of a load potential and thus it must be input in
total form. Therefore the load describes (total) fire load conditions !

Table 180: FIRE_BOUNDARY_LOAD parameters for element load

Parameter Description
[FIRE] [TYPE] { GENERIC | Type of fire load to be applied.
NOMINAL_HC, MODIFIED_HC
USER_CURVE
[CONVECTION hc Convection heat transfer coefficient [W/m2/K].
Default value 50 W/m2K.
EMISSIVITY  r Emissivity parameter.
Default value 0.56.
TEMPERATURE_MAX Tg ,ref Max. temperature parameter.
[TIME_FUNCTION time_id Id of an user-defined time dependent function. It acts
as an extra multiplier of the generated or directly
inputed fire boundary load.
TEMPERATURE_MIN Tg ,min Ambient temperature prior the fire broke up. (Any
generated temperature cannot fall below this value).
NODES "boundary_nodes_list" List of boundary load that are load.
({EDGE | Type of boundary load, that is applicable for the
EDGE_NO_DUPLICATES } | given fire load. For more explanation see
SURFACE } &BOUNDARY_ELEMENT_LOAD.

[MERGE [ MERGE_STRING str ] These parameteres are described in

] [NO_ELEM_OUTPUT ] &BOUNDARY_ELEMENT_LOAD , where they
are used in the same way.
292

{ CONSTANT_IN_STEP | Set how the load should be treated:

VARIABLE_IN_STEP |
SEMIVARIABLE_IN_STEP } CONSTANT_IN_STEP = load values are calculated
based on the model state at the beginning of step,
VARIABLE_IN_STEP = load values are calculated
based on the current model state (within each
iteration),
SEMIVARIABLE_IN_STEP = same as the above,
but the load stiffness predictor neglects the load's
variability. It (to some degree) degrades
convergency but it may improve solution stability. It
can turn out to be useful particularly for nonlinear
elements.
[MULTIPLE {YES|NO}] Allow the load to be applied to more surface/edges
of one element

3.14.6.2 The Sub-command &MOIST_TEMP_BOUNDARY_LOAD

&MOIST_TEMP_BOUNDARY_LOAD:
MOIST_TEMP_BOUNDARY &ELEM_LOAD_DATA
&MOISTURE_FLUX_DUE_TO_RELATIVE_HUMIDITY_GRADIENT
&MOISTURE_ FLUX_DUE_TO_HUMIDITY_RATIO_GRADIENT
&MOISTURE_ FLUX_DUE_TO_CEMSTONE_CALC
&HEAT_ FLUX_DUE_TO _TEMPERATURE_GRADIENT
&HEAT_ FLUX_DUE_TO_EVAPORATED_MOISTURE
&COMMON_ MOIST_TEMP _BC_DATA [MERGE [ MERGE_STRING str ]]
[NO_ELEM_OUTPUT ] { CONSTANT_IN_STEP | VARIABLE_IN_STEP |
SEMIVARIABLE_IN_STEP | [MULTIPLE {YES|NO}] }

&ELEM_LOAD_DATA: [GROUP group_id [ TO group_id_to [ BY group_id_by]]

[ELEMENT element_id [ TO element_id_to [ BY element_id_by]] ] ] |
SELECTION list_name }] ] [COEFF const ] [COEFF_X coeff_x] [COEFF_Y
coeff_y ] [COEFF_Z coeff_z ]

&MOISTURE_FLUX_DUE_TO_RELATIVE_HUMIDITY_GRADIENT:
[{ACCOUNT|NEGLECT} [GRADIENT] [OF] RELATIVE_HUMIDITY]
[CONVECTION_W hcw ]

&MOISTURE_ FLUX_DUE_TO_HUMIDITY_RATIO_GRADIENT:
[{ACCOUNT|NEGLECT} [GRADIENT] [OF] HUMIDITY_RATIO]
[EVAPORATION_MOISTURE  ] [AIR_PRESSURE p] [AIR_VELOCITY
v ] [AIR_VELOCITY_FUNCTION air_velocity_fnc_id]
ATENA Input File Format 293

&MOISTURE_ FLUX_DUE_TO_CEMSTONE_CALC:
[{ACCOUNT|NEGLECT} [GRADIENT] [OF]
HUMIDITY_CEMSTONE_CALC]

&HEAT_ FLUX_DUE_TO _TEMPERATURE_GRADIENT:

[{ACCOUNT|NEGLECT} [GRADIENT] [OF] TEMPERATURE]
[CONVECTION_T hcT ] [EMISSIVITY_T  rT ]

&HEAT_ FLUX_DUE_TO_EVAPORATED_MOISTURE:
[{ACCOUNT|NEGLECT} [GRADIENT] [OF] EVAPORATED_MOISTURE]
[EVAPORATION_HEAT hwe ]

&COMMON_ MOIST_TEMP _BC_DATA:

[AMBIENT_HUMIDITY hg ] [MOIST_FUNCTION moist_fnc_id]
[AMBIENT_TEMPERATURE Tg ] [TEMP_FUNCTION tempt_fnc_id]
[NODES "boundary_nodes_list" ] [{ {EDGE | EDGE_NO_DUPLICATES} |
SURFACE} ]

Important: Note that unlike other types of static loads (that are input in incremenental
manner), the moisture-temperaturee boundary load has character of a load potential and thus
it must be input in total form. Therefore the load describes (total) moisture-temperature load
conditions !

Table 181: MOIST_TEMP_BOUNDARY_LOAD parameters for element load

Parameter Description
AMBIENT_HUMIDITY hg Ambient air relative humidity, [-].
Default value: 0.6
Ambient temperature, [oC].
AMBIENT_TEMPERATURE Tg
Default: 20 oC
CONVECTION_W hcw Convection moisture transfer coefficient [kg/s/m2].
Default value 0. kg/s/m2
EVAPORATION_MOISTURE  Evaporation moisture transfer coefficient [kg/(m2s)].
Default value (25+19*v_)/(3600.) kg/s/m2, where v_
is air velocity in ms-2.
AIR_PRESSURE p Total (absolute) ambient air pressure, [Pa], (=sum of
partial dry air pressure and partial water vapour
pressure).
Default: normal pressure 101325Pa
AIR_VELOCITY v Average ambient air velocity, [m/s],
Default =0.m/s
Convection heat transfer coefficient [W/m2/K].
CONVECTION_T hcT
Default value 20 W/m2K.
EMISSIVITY_T  rT Heat emissivity parameter, [-]
Default value 0.85.
294

EVAPORATION_HEAT hwe Evaporation heat transfer coefficient [J/kg].

Default: this coefficient is automatically set to
consume 2270000 J per 1kg of evaporated water.
[MOIST_FUNCTION Id of an user-defined time dependent function for
moist_fnc_id] ambient moisture, ambient temperature and air
[TEMP_FUNCTION tempt_fnc_id] velocity, respectively. It acts as an extra multiplier
[AIR_VELOCITY_FUNCTION of the generated or directly inputed moisture-
air_velocity_fnc_id] temperature boundary load.
[{ACCOUNT|NEGLECT} Acount for or neglect various kinds of moisture/heat
[GRADIENT] [OF] flux contribution:
[RELATIVE_HUMIDITY] RELATIVE_HUMIDITY - usual Darcy mositure
[TEMPERATURE] flux due to gradient of relative humidities,
[HUMIDITY_RATIO] TEMPERATURE - usual heat flux due to
[EVAPORATED_MOISTURE] temperature gradient
[HUMIDITY_CEMSTONE_CALC HUMIDITY_RATIO - moisture flux due to
] evaporation, i.e. due to gradient of air humidity ratio
gradient,
EVAPORATED_MOISTURE - heat flux due to flux
of evaporated moisture
CEMSTONE_CALC-moisture flux due to
evaporation calculated according to
http://www.cemstone.com/concrete‐evaporation‐
forecast‐engineers.cfm
NODES "boundary_nodes_list" List of boundary load that are load.
({EDGE | Type of boundary load, that is applicable for the
EDGE_NO_DUPLICATES } | given fire load. For more explanation see
SURFACE } &BOUNDARY_ELEMENT_LOAD.

[MERGE [ MERGE_STRING str ] These

parameteres are described in
] [NO_ELEM_OUTPUT ] &BOUNDARY_ELEMENT_LOAD , where they
are used in the same way.
[MULTIPLE {YES|NO}]
Allow the load to be applied to more surface/edges
of one element
{ CONSTANT_IN_STEP | Set how the load should be treated:
VARIABLE_IN_STEP |
SEMIVARIABLE_IN_STEP } CONSTANT_IN_STEP = load values are calculated
based on the model state at the beginning of step,
VARIABLE_IN_STEP = load values are calculated
based on the current model state (within each
iteration),
SEMIVARIABLE_IN_STEP = same as the above,
but the load stiffness predictor neglects the load's
variability. It (to some degree) degrades
convergency but it may improve solution stability. It
can turn out to be useful particularly for nonlinear
elements.
ATENA Input File Format 295

3.14.7 &Transport analysis additional output data

In addition to standard output the transport analysis offers also the following output data

Table 182: Transport analysis related Output-type keywords understood by the command
&OUTPUT for the location type NODES

Output keyword Description

Q_W Moisture nodal fluxes.
Q_T Heat nodal fluxes.
CURRENT_PSI_VALUE Current values of nodal state variables in nodes at
time t  t . i.e. at the end of the current time step.
START_PSI_VALUE Values of nodal state variables in nodes at time t, i.e. at
the start of the current time step.

Table 183: Transport analysis related Output-type keywords understood by the command
&OUTPUT for the location type NODES

Output keyword Description

TRANSPORT_CONVERGENC Parameters for assessing convergence performance of
E_CRITERIA the transport analysis.
ATENA Input File Format 297

4 SAMPLE INPUT FILE

4.1 Input file for a sample static analysis.

/*

Sample analysis:
-----------------
Analysis of a simple 2D wall comprising quadrilateral and
triangle
elements, subject to displacement load at nodes 600 and 700.

Nodal pairs 300-800 and 200-500 are constrained to have the

same displacements.
The analysis has several "dummy" entities in order to test
deletion
process in ATENA input file.

|y
|
|
| 300
|400 800 700
-x-> ------------------------------------| -> 3.33e-6 *
| | /| function 20
| | / |
| | 20 / |
| | / |
| 10 | / |
^| | / |
|| | / 15 |
x| | / | 3.33e-6 *
|| |/ | -> function 20
-x-> ------------------------------------------------------
-
100 200 600
(50) 500

x
*/

// Testing input data format

TASK name "Test"
TITLE "Test MASTER-SLAVE"
DIMENSION 2

// Coordinate definition
JOINT COORDINATES
50 0. 0. // dummy object for deletion checking
298

100 0. 0.
200 0.1 0.
700 0.2 0.1
300 0.1 0.1
500 0.1 0.
400 0. 0.1
600 0.2 0.
800 0.1 0.1

// Material definition
MATERIAL ID 71 NAME "Steel" TYPE "CCPlaneStressElastIsotropic"
E 210000 mu 0.2 rho 0.0023 alpha 1.2e-5
MATERIAL ID 70 NAME "Steel" TYPE "CCPlaneStressElastIsotropic"
E 210000 mu 0.2 rho 0.0023 alpha 1.2e-5 // dummy object
for deletion checking

// Geometry definition
GEOMETRY ID 81 Name "Steel thickness" TYPE "2D" thickness 0.1
GEOMETRY ID 80 Name "Steel thickness" TYPE "2D" thickness 0.1
// dummy object for deletion checking

// Element type definition, Should be referred from ELEMENT

GROUP
// definition
ELEMENT TYPE ID 92 NAME "Stupid 2D Triangle #1" TYPE
"CCIsoTriangle<xxx>"
ELEMENT TYPE ID 91 NAME "Stupid 2D Quad #1" TYPE
"CCIsoQuad<xxxx>"
ELEMENT TYPE ID 90 NAME "Stupid 2D Quad #1" TYPE
"CCIsoQuad<xxxx>" // dummy object for deletion checking

// Element group definition

ELEMENT GROUP ID 500 TYPE 90 NODES 4 MATERIAL 70 GEOMETRY 80
ELEMENT INCIDENCES // dummy object for deletion checking
10 100 200 300 400

ELEMENT GROUP ID 2000 TYPE 92 NODES 3 MATERIAL 71 GEOMETRY 81

ELEMENT INCIDENCES
20 500 700 800
10 500 600 700
15 100 200 300 // dummy object for deletion checking

ELEMENT GROUP ID 1000 TYPE 91 NODES 4 MATERIAL 71 GEOMETRY 81

ELEMENT INCIDENCES
10 100 200 300 400

// Load function definition

FUNCTION ID 20 NAME "Load function" TYPE
"CCMultiLinearFunction" XVALUES 0. 2. YVALUES 0. 1.
FUNCTION ID 10 NAME "Load function" TYPE
"CCMultiLinearFunction" XVALUES 0. 1. YVALUES 1. 1.

// Load case 60 definition

ATENA Input File Format 299

LOAD CASE ID 60 NAME "Supports" // dummy object for

deletion checking
SUPPORT SIMPLE
node 100 dof 1 value 0.0
node 100 dof 2 value 0.0
400 dof 1 value 0.0

// Load case 61 definition

LOAD CASE ID 61 NAME "Supports"
SUPPORT SIMPLE
node 100 dof 1 value 0.0
node 100 dof 2 value 0.0
node 400 dof 1 value 0.0

// Load case 63 definition

LOAD CASE ID 63 NAME "Loads"
SUPPORT SIMPLE node 600 dof 1 VALUE 3.33e-6 FUNCTION 20
SUPPORT SIMPLE node 700 dof 1 value 3.33e-6 FUNCTION 20

// Load case 62 constraints

LOAD CASE ID 62 NAME "Constraints"
SUPPORT COMPLEX
MASTER node 200 dof 1 * 1.0 SLAVE node 500 dof 1 value 0.0
MASTER node 200 dof 2 * 1.0 SLAVE node 500 dof 2 value 0.0
MASTER node 300 dof 1 * 1.0 SLAVE node 800 dof 1 value 0.0
MASTER node 300 dof 2 * 1.0 SLAVE node 800 dof 2 value 0.0

// SUPPORT MASTER SLAVE NODAL PAIRS 5 2 8 3

// Set analysis options/switches

SET Static
SET Newton-Raphson
SET Displacement error 0.01
SET Residual error 0.01
SET Absolute residual error 0.1
SET Iteration limit 20

// Testing of deletion
DELETE ELEMENT GROUP 500
DELETE JOINT 50
DELETE ELEMENT GROUP 2000 ELEMENT 15
DELETE GEOMETRY 80
DELETE ELEMENT TYPE 90
DELETE MATERIAL 70
DELETE LOAD CASE ID 60
DELETE FUNCTION 10

// Apply 1 load steps

STEP ID 31 STATIC NAME "Step 1" LOAD CASE 61 * 1.0 62 * 1.0
63 * 1.0 EXECUTE
OUTPUT LOCATION GLOBAL DATA ALL
OUTPUT LOCATION ELEMENT INTERNAL POINTS
group from 1000 to 1000 element from 10 to 20 ip from 1 to 4
300

group from 2000 to 2000 element from 10 to 20 ip from 1

to 3
DATA ALL
OUTPUT LOCATION ELEMENT NODES DATA ALL
OUTPUT LOCATION ELEMENT DATA ALL
OUTPUT LOCATION NODAL DATA ALL
OUTPUT LOCATION LOAD CASE DATA ALL
/* end of file */

4.2 Input file for a sample transport analysis

/*

Testing input data format - LHS and RHS boundary conditions; their values and sign.
(for 3D version see transp2_bricks_test.inp)
Structure:

2D structure of vertical quadrilaterals

Total dimension width*thickness*height=0.15*10.*1.
Discretisation: 4 elements per height, one ter width
Location: left bottom node (x,y)=(0,0), top right node (x,y)=(0.15,1.)

Loading (per step): vertical flux of heat (to the bottom)

Initial condition: dT/dy= -20/1.= -20; dT/dx=0; dh/... irrelevant, h=fixed everywhere
Flux: qy = K_TEMP_TEMP * dT/dy = 103680 * -20 = -2073600
External forces: sum(Q) = qy*width*thick= -2073600 * 0.15 * 10. = 3110400
Individual force: Q = sum(Q)/2 = 3110400/2 = 1555200

Sign of internal and external forces:

Internal forces: positive value corresponds to the flow in direction of outwards normal to the
boundary surface
External load: positive value corresponds to the flow in direction of inwards normal to the
boundary surface

In the example below:

dT/dy = negative ...-> flow to the bottom; i.e. in direction -y.
ATENA Input File Format 301

top surface (nodes 9,10), i.e. y=1 .... internal forces negative, i.e. -1555200; external load
positive, i.e. 1555200
bottom surface (nodes 1,2), i.e. y=0 .... internal forces positive, i.e. 1555200; external load
negative, i.e. -1555200

ALL EXTERNAL LOADS as well as NON_ZERO LHS BCs (i.e. fixing psi, h) HAVE
INCREMENTAL CHARACTER.
This means that e.g. LOAD SIMPLE SELECTION "all9-10" dof 2 const 1555200. applied to
all steps
will produce external forces 1555200. in the 1st step, 3110400. in the 2nd step.... The same
applies to nonzero SUPPORT SIMPLE ..... specification.

To steps are applied:

step 1 .... see the load level defined above, (load_case 1)
step 2 .... doubles the above load, (load_case 2 (using "deformation" load increment)
or load_case 3 (using "nodal force" load increment)
or load_case 4 (using boundary load increment)
Use any one of load_case 2-4 to achieve the same loading

Initial conditions for the example:

NODAL SETTING
NODE 1 MATERIAL TYPE 1 H 1. TEMP 20
NODE 2 MATERIAL TYPE 1 H 1. TEMP 20
NODE 3 MATERIAL TYPE 1 H 1. TEMP 25
NODE 4 MATERIAL TYPE 1 H 1. TEMP 25
NODE 5 MATERIAL TYPE 1 H 1. TEMP 30
NODE 6 MATERIAL TYPE 1 H 1. TEMP 30
NODE 7 MATERIAL TYPE 1 H 1. TEMP 35
NODE 8 MATERIAL TYPE 1 H 1. TEMP 35
NODE 9 MATERIAL TYPE 1 H 1. TEMP 40
NODE 10 MATERIAL TYPE 1 H 1. TEMP 40

Boundary conditions:

SELECTION "all" list 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10;

302

SELECTION "all3-8" list 3 4 5 6 7 8 ;

SELECTION "all9-10" list 9 10 ;
SELECTION "all1-2" list 1 2 ;

SUPPORT SIMPLE SELECTION "all" dof 1 const 0. // fix h

SUPPORT SIMPLE SELECTION "all3-8" dof 2 const 0. // fix T
LOAD SIMPLE SELECTION "all9-10" dof 2 const 1555200. // fix T
LOAD SIMPLE SELECTION "all1-2" dof 2 const -1555200. // fix T

Equivalent BC (compared only for ONE step of analysis!!!)

SUPPORT SIMPLE SELECTION "all" dof 1 const 0. // fix h
SUPPORT SIMPLE SELECTION "all" dof 2 const 0. // fix T

*/

TASK name "Test analysis for RHS and LHS BCs"

TITLE "2D quadrilateral in Y direction with vertical flux of heat to the bottom"
DIMENSION 2

// Set analysis options/switches

SET Static
SET Newton-Raphson
//SET Full_NR
SET Absolute Displacement error 0.00000001
SET Absolute Residual error 0.00000001
SET Displacement error 0.00000001
SET Residual error 0.00000001

// SET Optimize band width

SET TRANSIENT TIME CURRENT 0. INCREMENT 0.00069
SET TRANSIENT TIME_INTEGRATION CRANK_NICHOLSON THETA 1.0
//SET REFERENCE_ETA 0.8

// Coordinate definition
JOINT COORDINATES // 4 elements 0.15*0.25 placed vertically
ATENA Input File Format 303

1 0. 0.
2 0.15 0.
3 0. 0.25
4 0.15 0.25
5 0. 0.5
6 0.15 0.5
7 0. 0.75
8 0.15 0.75
9 0. 1.
10 0.15 1.

// Material definition
MATERIAL ID 1 NAME "Baxant-Xi"
TYPE "CCModelBaXi94"
CONCRETE
CONCRETE TYPE 1
RATIO_WC 0.5
CEMENT_WEIGHT 0.27
TEMPERATURE
K_TEMP_TEMP 103680
C_TEMP_TEMP 0.000008

// initial values for psi

NODAL SETTING // temperature gradient dT/dy=-20.
NODE 1 MATERIAL TYPE 1 H 1. TEMP 20
NODE 2 MATERIAL TYPE 1 H 1. TEMP 20
NODE 3 MATERIAL TYPE 1 H 1. TEMP 25
NODE 4 MATERIAL TYPE 1 H 1. TEMP 25
NODE 5 MATERIAL TYPE 1 H 1. TEMP 30
NODE 6 MATERIAL TYPE 1 H 1. TEMP 30
NODE 7 MATERIAL TYPE 1 H 1. TEMP 35
NODE 8 MATERIAL TYPE 1 H 1. TEMP 35
NODE 9 MATERIAL TYPE 1 H 1. TEMP 40
NODE 10 MATERIAL TYPE 1 H 1. TEMP 40
304

// Geometry definition
GEOMETRY ID 1 Name "Concrete column" TYPE "2D" thickness 10.

// Element type definition, Should be referred from ELEMENT GROUP

// definition
ELEMENT TYPE ID 1 NAME "2D Iso quadratic" TYPE "IsoQuad<xxxx>"

// Element group definition

ELEMENT GROUP ID 1 TYPE 1 MATERIAL 1 GEOMETRY 1

ELEMENT INCIDENCES
1 1 2 4 3
2 3 4 6 5
3 5 6 8 7
4 7 8 10 9

SELECTION "all" list 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10;

SELECTION "all3-8" list 3 4 5 6 7 8 ; // intermediate nodes
SELECTION "all9-10" list 9 10 ; // top surface
SELECTION "all1-2" list 1 2 ; // bottom surface

// Steady state boundary conditions

LOAD CASE ID 1 NAME "LC-1" // for fixed nodes dT/dx=-20 from initial conditions and
equivalent external load
SUPPORT SIMPLE SELECTION "all" dof 1 const 0. // fix h
SUPPORT SIMPLE SELECTION "all3-8" dof 2 const 0. // fix T
LOAD SIMPLE SELECTION "all9-10" dof 2 const 1555200. // fix T
LOAD SIMPLE SELECTION "all1-2" dof 2 const -1555200. // fix T

// initialisation
STEP ID 1 STATIC NAME "BCs and load" LOAD CASE 1 * 1.0 EXECUTE
OUTPUT LOCATION NODES DATA LIST "Q_T" "CURRENT_PSI_VALUES"
"EXTERNAL_FORCES" "INTERNAL_FORCES" "REACTIONS" END
ATENA Input File Format 305

// break "Execute 2nd step to obtain dT/dx=2* (-20)" ;

// load alternative 1 - additional temperature increment induced solely by dT/dy

LOAD CASE ID 2 NAME "LC-2 -additional temperature increment" // total dT/dx=-40, i.e.
increment at fixed nodes -20, (incr. of Q already in LC-1)
SUPPORT SIMPLE SELECTION "all3-8" dof 1 const 0. // fix h; not all DOFs fixed to avoid
case of no structural DOFs
SUPPORT SIMPLE NODE 1 DOF 2 VALUE 0
SUPPORT SIMPLE NODE 2 DOF 2 VALUE 0
SUPPORT SIMPLE NODE 3 DOF 2 VALUE 5
SUPPORT SIMPLE NODE 4 DOF 2 VALUE 5
SUPPORT SIMPLE NODE 5 DOF 2 VALUE 10
SUPPORT SIMPLE NODE 6 DOF 2 VALUE 10
SUPPORT SIMPLE NODE 7 DOF 2 VALUE 15
SUPPORT SIMPLE NODE 8 DOF 2 VALUE 15
SUPPORT SIMPLE NODE 9 DOF 2 VALUE 20
SUPPORT SIMPLE NODE 10 DOF 2 VALUE 20 ;

// load alternative 2 - additional temperature increment induced by dT/dy and dQ at the top
and bottom
LOAD CASE ID 3 NAME "LC-2 -additional temperature increment" // total dT/dx=-40, i.e.
increment at fixed nodes -20, (incr. of Q already in LC-1)
SUPPORT SIMPLE SELECTION "all" dof 1 const 0. // fix h
SUPPORT SIMPLE NODE 3 DOF 2 VALUE 5
SUPPORT SIMPLE NODE 4 DOF 2 VALUE 5
SUPPORT SIMPLE NODE 5 DOF 2 VALUE 10
SUPPORT SIMPLE NODE 6 DOF 2 VALUE 10
SUPPORT SIMPLE NODE 7 DOF 2 VALUE 15
SUPPORT SIMPLE NODE 8 DOF 2 VALUE 15
LOAD SIMPLE SELECTION "all9-10" dof 2 const 1555200. // fix T
LOAD SIMPLE SELECTION "all1-2" dof 2 const -1555200. ; // fix T

// load alternative 3 - additional temperature increment induced by dT/dy and dQ at the top
and bottom
LOAD CASE ID 4 NAME "LC-2 -additional temperature increment" // total dT/dx=-40, i.e.
increment at fixed nodes -20, (incr. of Q already in LC-1)
SUPPORT SIMPLE SELECTION "all" dof 1 const 0. // fix h
306

SUPPORT SIMPLE NODE 3 DOF 2 VALUE 5

SUPPORT SIMPLE NODE 4 DOF 2 VALUE 5
SUPPORT SIMPLE NODE 5 DOF 2 VALUE 10
SUPPORT SIMPLE NODE 6 DOF 2 VALUE 10
SUPPORT SIMPLE NODE 7 DOF 2 VALUE 15
SUPPORT SIMPLE NODE 8 DOF 2 VALUE 15
LOAD BOUNDARY group 1 TO 1 BY 1 VALUE DOF 2 2073600 NODES "all9-10"
LOAD BOUNDARY group 1 TO 1 BY 1 VALUE DOF 2 -2073600 NODES "all1-2" ;

//STEP ID 2 STATIC NAME "BCs and load" LOAD CASE 2 * 1.0 EXECUTE // step
execute command for the load alternative 1
//STEP ID 2 STATIC NAME "BCs and load" LOAD CASE 3 * 1.0 EXECUTE // step
execute command for the load alternative 2
STEP ID 2 STATIC NAME "BCs and load" LOAD CASE 4 * 1.0 EXECUTE // step
execute command for the load alternative 3

OUTPUT LOCATION NODES DATA LIST "Q_T" "CURRENT_PSI_VALUES"

"EXTERNAL_FORCES" "INTERNAL_FORCES" "REACTIONS" END

/* End of File */
ATENA Input File Format 307

5 ATENA INPUT FILE KEYWORDS

ARC-LENGTH .......................................... 39, 40

1
ARC-LENGTH_AND_LINE-SEARCH.... 39, 40
1D79, 81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 89, 90, 93, 94, 98, 106, AREA................................. 55, 56, 59, 64, 65, 66
112, 113, 116, 117, 120, 126, 128, 130, 131,
AT22, 23, 28, 45, 46, 64, 65, 201, 202, 203, 211,
141, 142, 143, 146
232, 233, 270, 271, 272, 273

2 ATTRIBUTE.................................... 13, 203, 207

AXIS .......................................................... 59, 64
2D................................................................17, 68
AXISYMMETRIC17, 81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 89, 90,
93, 94, 98, 106, 112, 113, 116, 117, 120, 126,
3 128, 130, 131, 141, 142, 143, 146

3D......................................................................81
B
3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS2FATIGUE....113
B 117, 119, 121, 126, 270
A BAND .............................................. 47, 141, 142

A 32, 33, 37, 81, 117, 119, 121, 126, 140, 209, BEAM_3D ......................................................... 81
221, 222, 235 BETA32, 83, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 106,
ABSOLUTE..........................33, 37, 38, 288, 289 113, 115, 128, 130, 221, 222

AC147, 148, 150, 151, 152, 158, 159, 160, 162, BETA_FATIGUE .................................. 113, 116
163, 164 BODY ............ 180, 188, 189, 190, 195, 290, 292
AIR150, 151, 153, 158, 159, 160, 162, 163, 164,
165 C
ALL.47, 48, 49, 50, 203, 207, 255, 299, 300, 301
C 99, 107
ALPHA81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 89, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98,
106, 113, 115, 121, 126, 128, 129, 130, 131, C_1_X .............................................................. 59
135, 137, 138, 139, 142, 145 C_1_Y ........................................................ 59, 60
ALPHA_DP ............................................128, 129 C_1_Z......................................................... 59, 60
AND....................39, 40, 47, 49, 50, 51, 190, 200 C_2_X ........................................................ 59, 60
angle............................................................56, 69 C_2_Y ........................................................ 59, 60
ARC_LENGTH_CONSTANT .........................44 C_2_Z......................................................... 59, 60
ARC_LENGTH_PREVIOUS_STEP_LENGTH C159, 60, 121, 123, 124, 136, 141, 142, 147, 149
......................................................................42
C2 ..................... 60, 121, 123, 124, 137, 141, 142
ARC_LENGTH_RESET_STEP_LENGTH....42,
43 C3 ................................................................... 142

ARC_LENGTH_VARIABLE_CONSERVATIV CASE181, 200, 201, 202, 203, 229, 230, 232,

E_1/2 ............................................................44 233, 239, 240, 244, 245, 299, 300, 304, 305,
306
ARC_LENGTH_VARIABLE_CONSERVATIV
E_1/4 ............................................................44 CCFEMODEL.................................................. 16

ARC_LENGTH_VARIABLE_PROGRESSIVE CCModelB379, 80, 149, 150, 151, 153, 154,

......................................................................44 156, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165
308

CCSTRUCTURES ........................................... 16 DIR_X.........................................................59, 60

CCSTRUCTURES_CREEP ............................. 16 DIR_Y.........................................................59, 60
COEFF45, 46, 68, 69, 77, 78, 187, 189, 190, DIR_Z .........................................................59, 60
220, 221, 252, 253, 287, 291, 292
DIRECTION .............55, 137, 138, 190, 197, 212
COEFFICIENT32, 33, 56, 57, 59, 133, 221, 222,
DISPLACEMENT37, 38, 39, 41, 45, 180, 181,
224, 231
182, 183, 184, 199, 254, 288, 289
COHESION ............................................ 132, 133
DISPLACEMENTS ..................34, 211, 214, 231
COMBINED....................................... 79, 81, 166
DOF.....45, 46, 183, 187, 189, 190, 198, 305, 306
COMPLEX180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 199, 229,
DOFS ................................................................54
299
DRUCKER .........................79, 80, 126, 128, 129
COMPLIANCE150, 151, 153, 155, 156, 158,
159, 162, 209
E
CONCRETE150, 151, 153, 154, 156, 158, 160,
161, 162, 163, 164, 274, 276, 303 EACH..................40, 41, 203, 204, 205, 208, 231
CONSISTENTLY_LINEARISED ............. 41, 42 ELASTIC ..................................40, 78, 79, 81, 82
CONSTANT................................... 44, 45, 56, 57 ELASTIC_PREDICTOR ..................................40
COORDINATES53, 76, 211, 214, 217, 226, 236, ELEMENT13, 14, 15, 22, 24, 25, 47, 48, 49, 50,
261, 295, 297, 302 51, 62, 66, 67, 68, 75, 76, 180, 181, 187, 188,
COPY_DEFORMATION.................................. 182 189, 190, 195, 198, 203, 207, 210, 211, 212,
213, 216, 217, 225, 228, 236, 238, 239, 244,
CREEP_MATERIAL ........... 13, 79, 80, 149, 217 245, 253, 257, 262, 263, 265, 266, 269, 270,
CRISFIELD ................................................ 41, 42 271, 272, 273, 290, 291, 292, 294, 298, 299,
300, 304
CSOFT.................................................... 121, 125
ELEMENTS13, 26, 51, 207, 208, 209, 210, 216,
CURING150, 151, 153, 155, 158, 159, 160, 161, 217, 257, 261, 291, 293
162, 163, 164, 165
EMPTY .......................................................15, 16
CURRENT32, 150, 151, 153, 155, 156, 158,
159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 181, 182, ENERGY ..............................37, 38, 46, 288, 289
184, 208, 211, 213, 214, 215, 216, 221, 222, EPS_C86, 87, 90, 91, 94, 95, 98, 106, 113, 114,
231, 288, 295, 302, 304, 306 121, 124
CURVE ............................................................ 254 EPS_CP.86, 87, 90, 91, 94, 95, 98, 106, 113, 114
CYCLING .................................. 79, 80, 135, 136 ERROR15, 34, 37, 38, 39, 218, 219, 223, 240,
246, 288, 289
D EXC83, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 105, 106,
111, 113, 115, 117, 119
DAMPING...... 32, 33, 56, 58, 221, 222, 224, 231
EXECUTE14, 15, 22, 24, 25, 200, 240, 263, 264,
DATA13, 32, 149, 150, 151, 153, 156, 158, 159, 265, 270, 273, 299, 304, 306
161, 162, 164, 200, 203, 206, 207, 208, 217,
231, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, EXPLICIT_ORTHOGONAL .....................41, 42
270, 272, 299, 300, 304, 306
DEF_VERTEX_FMT_FOR_NODES....... 259, 260 F
DELETE14, 15, 22, 26, 67, 244, 245, 258, 261, F_C83, 86, 88, 90, 91, 94, 95, 98, 99, 106, 107,
263, 299 113, 114, 115, 117, 118, 121, 122
DENSITY150, 151, 152, 153, 155, 156, 158, F_C086, 88, 90, 91, 94, 95, 98, 106, 113, 115,
159, 160 117, 118
DIMENSION.................................... 17, 297, 302 F_T83, 86, 90, 94, 98, 106, 107, 113, 114, 117,
121, 122, 132
ATENA Input File Format 309

FACTOR33, 34, 37, 38, 56, 58, 83, 85, 86, 89, GF83, 84, 86, 87, 90, 91, 94, 95, 98, 106, 113,
90, 93, 94, 97, 98, 105, 106, 108, 112, 113, 114, 117, 118, 121, 122, 123, 124
116, 117, 120, 121, 125, 150, 151, 152, 158,
GIBBS-POOLE................................................ 47
159, 160, 162, 163, 164, 288, 289
GLOBAL.. 55, 189, 190, 203, 209, 291, 292, 299
FATIGUE_BASE_STRESS ...........................113
GROUP22, 24, 25, 26, 51, 62, 66, 67, 76, 188,
FATIGUE_COD_LOAD_COEFF..............48, 49
190, 198, 203, 207, 228, 238, 244, 245, 257,
FATIGUE_CYCLES ........................................48 258, 263, 265, 266, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272,
273, 290, 292, 298, 299, 304
FATIGUE_CYCLES_TO_FAILURE ............113
GROUPS .................................................. 51, 184
FATIGUE_MAX_FRACT_STRAIN.......48, 113
FATIGUE_MAX_FRACT_STRAIN_MULT.48, H
49
FATIGUE_PARAMS ...........................29, 30, 48 HARDENING ........................................ 126, 127
FATIGUE_TASK .............................................48 HISTORY13, 15, 16, 151, 153, 155, 156, 158,
159, 162, 189, 190, 218, 290
FC83, 86, 87, 88, 90, 91, 94, 95, 98, 99, 101,
106, 107, 110, 113, 114, 115, 117, 118, 120, HUMIDITY147, 150, 151, 152, 153, 155, 156,
121, 122, 124, 143, 145 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 218,
219
FC086, 88, 90, 91, 94, 95, 98, 106, 113, 115,
117, 118, 120, 121
I
FCYL28150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157,
158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164 ID 51, 53, 54, 67, 68, 77, 78, 181, 189, 190, 198,
FILE........................................203, 206, 245, 246 200, 201, 202, 203, 209, 220, 225, 228, 236,
239, 240, 244, 245, 252, 261, 263, 264, 265,
FIXED56, 57, 85, 89, 92, 96, 105, 112, 115, 119, 271, 272, 273, 274, 276, 277, 286, 287, 298,
125, 188, 190, 201, 202, 232, 233 299, 303, 304, 305, 306
FRACTURE....................................211, 212, 215 IDS ................. 29, 30, 51, 54, 61, 63, 64, 65, 209
FRICTION ........................................56, 132, 133 IMPORT13, 15, 16, 189, 190, 203, 206, 218, 290
FROM22, 23, 25, 26, 28, 45, 46, 64, 65, 203, INCIDENCES66, 67, 75, 76, 210, 217, 228, 238,
206, 218, 231, 247, 270, 271, 272 291, 298, 304
FT83, 85, 86, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95, 96, 98, INCREMENENTAL LOAD.................. 291, 293
105, 106, 107, 112, 113, 114, 115, 117, 118,
119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 132, 133 INCREMENT32, 77, 78, 201, 202, 221, 222,
224, 231, 232, 233, 288, 302
FULL_NR...................................................39, 40
INCREMENTAL LOAD ............................... 181
FUNCTION15, 56, 57, 98, 99, 101, 102, 103,
104, 106, 108, 110, 111, 132, 133, 135, 136, INERTIA_Y ..................................................... 59
137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 143, 146, 147, 166, INERTIA_Z ..................................................... 59
167, 168, 169, 170, 180, 181, 183, 187, 188,
198, 240, 241, 244, 245, 277, 291, 292, 293, INITIAL68, 69, 180, 188, 189, 190, 220, 252,
294, 298, 299 253, 286, 287
INPUT .............................................. 15, 245, 246
G INTERFACE...................... 79, 80, 130, 131, 132
GAMMA_COEFF ......................................68, 69 INTERNAL.... 203, 207, 214, 231, 299, 304, 306
GAMMA_REF ...........................................68, 69 INTERVALS.................................................. 218
GEOMETRY13, 15, 54, 55, 56, 59, 61, 64, 65, IP 13, 22, 25, 40, 41, 189, 190, 203, 208, 210,
67, 189, 203, 216, 218, 225, 236, 244, 276, 211, 291, 293
277, 279, 290, 298, 299, 304 IPS .............. 13, 22, 25, 64, 65, 66, 203, 207, 211
ITEM .............................................. 203, 207, 231
310

ITERATION33, 34, 37, 39, 40, 41, 46, 203, 204, LOADING_DISPLACEMENT_SCALE_CONS
205, 208 TANT ...........................................................45
LOCAL .....15, 53, 54, 55, 59, 189, 190, 291, 292
J
LOCATION41, 45, 46, 56, 57, 203, 207, 231,
JOINT15, 22, 26, 53, 76, 226, 236, 244, 245, 299, 300, 304, 306
253, 256, 257, 261, 262, 263, 264, 266, 267, LOSS...............................150, 151, 153, 156, 208
268, 269, 270, 272, 297, 299, 302
M
K
M 9, 10, 51, 52, 54, 59, 82, 84, 88, 92, 96, 105,
K 51, 52, 128, 129, 132, 134, 139, 140, 141, 111, 115, 119, 126, 128, 130, 131, 135, 137,
143, 146, 147, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 213, 138, 139, 142, 145, 211, 213, 215, 219, 273
218, 244, 274, 275, 277, 290, 300, 302, 303
MASTER180, 181, 182, 184, 186, 187, 198, 199,
K1 ................................... 126, 127, 141, 143, 144 210, 297, 299
K2 ................................... 126, 128, 141, 143, 144 MATERIAL13, 15, 61, 62, 64, 65, 66, 67, 78,
K3 ................................................... 141, 143, 144 79, 80, 81, 98, 107, 130, 131, 132, 149, 166,
167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 174, 175, 178, 179,
K4 ................................... 141, 142, 143, 144, 147 197, 203, 210, 212, 216, 217, 225, 226, 235,
KSI_FATIGUE....................................... 113, 116 236, 244, 245, 274, 275, 287, 298, 299, 301,
303, 304

L MATERIALS .....................................................62
MAXIMUM_ETA ............................................47
LIMIT_ETA ............................................... 46, 47
MESSAGE................................................15, 246
LINE .......................................................... 39, 40
MICROPLANE...........................79, 80, 140, 141
LINE, ........................................................ 39, 40
MINIMUM_ETA..............................................47
LINE_SEARCH_ITERATION_LIMIT ........... 46
MODIFIED_NR..........................................39, 40
LINE_SEARCH_WITH_ITERATIONS.......... 46
MODULUS.............................106, 108, 126, 127
LINE_SEARCH_WITHOUT_ITERATIONS . 46
MOISTURE ............150, 151, 153, 158, 159, 160
LINEAR29, 33, 39, 40, 68, 78, 79, 81, 82, 149,
150, 151, 154, 156, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, MOMENT.........................................................59
163, 164, 165, 264, 265 MONITOR......203, 204, 205, 206, 208, 209, 231
LINE-SEARCH ................................................ 40 MU81, 82, 83, 86, 90, 94, 98, 106, 107, 113,
LIST22, 23, 26, 28, 64, 65, 203, 207, 231, 304, 121, 122, 126, 127, 128, 129, 131, 141, 144
306
LOAD13, 14, 15, 41, 45, 51, 76, 150, 151, 153,
N
155, 156, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164,
NAME15, 16, 17, 54, 67, 68, 78, 181, 198, 200,
165, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187,
201, 202, 206, 209, 231, 240, 263, 265, 266,
188, 189, 190, 195, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202,
269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 298, 299, 303, 304,
203, 208, 210, 220, 222, 229, 230, 232, 233,
305, 306
239, 240, 244, 245, 252, 254, 286, 290, 291,
292, 293, 294, 299, 300, 301, 302, 304, 305, NEWMARK ...........32, 33, 50, 51, 221, 222, 231
306
NEWTON-RAPHSON ...............................39, 40
LOAD_DISPLACEMENT_RATIO........... 41, 45
NODAL15, 47, 48, 49, 50, 76, 77, 78, 184, 186,
LOADING_DISPLACEMENT_BERGAN_CON 198, 203, 214, 217, 220, 221, 230, 252, 263,
STANT......................................................... 45 265, 286, 287, 299, 300, 301, 303
LOADING_DISPLACEMENT_RATIO_CONS
TANT........................................................... 45
ATENA Input File Format 311

NODE13, 14, 22, 24, 26, 45, 46, 77, 78, 187, Q
189, 190, 197, 198, 203, 207, 220, 221, 252,
269, 270, 286, 287, 301, 303, 305, 306 Q1 ................................................................... 147
NODES13, 22, 24, 25, 26, 51, 180, 181, 182,
Q2 ................................................................... 148
183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 199, 203, 207, 210,
212, 214, 217, 231, 257, 258, 259, 260, 263, Q3 ................................................................... 148
264, 265, 266, 267, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273,
Q4 ................................................................... 148
291, 293, 294, 295, 298, 300, 304, 306
NOMINAL_HC ................................................291 R
NONE .......................47, 133, 203, 206, 257, 258
R_C83, 86, 88, 90, 91, 94, 95, 98, 99, 106, 107,
NONLINEAR ...................................................68
113, 114, 115, 117, 118, 121, 122
NORMAL_UPDATE .......................................41
R_C086, 88, 90, 91, 94, 95, 98, 106, 113, 115,
NP ...................................................................141 117, 118
NUMBER .......44, 64, 65, 66, 147, 218, 223, 240 R_T83, 86, 90, 94, 98, 106, 107, 113, 114, 117,
121, 122, 132
O RADIUS ........................................................... 56
RATIO 41, 45, 137, 138, 139, 166, 274, 276, 303
OFF .....................................29, 30, 203, 207, 208
RC42, 44, 83, 86, 90, 91, 94, 98, 99, 106, 107,
ON.............................30, 108, 180, 203, 207, 208
113, 114, 117, 118, 121, 122
OPTIMIZE............................................29, 30, 47
RC086, 88, 90, 91, 94, 95, 98, 106, 113, 115,
OUTPUT13, 15, 16, 189, 190, 195, 202, 203, 117, 118
207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 214, 216, 217,
REFERENCE_DLAMBDA....................... 42, 43
231, 256, 291, 292, 294, 295, 299, 300, 304,
306 REFERENCE_ETA ......................... 46, 288, 302
REFERENCE_NUMBER_OF_ITERATIONS 44
P
REGION ........................................................... 13
PASTERNAK...................................................59 REINFORCEMENT15, 61, 64, 65, 79, 80, 135,
PATCH ............................................................254 136, 137, 138, 209, 217, 262, 270, 276

PERIMETER ..............................................56, 58 RELATIVE .......................... 34, 37, 38, 288, 289

PLANE_STRAIN81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 89, 90, 93, RELAX .......................................................... 181
94, 98, 106, 112, 113, 116, 117, 120, 126, REMOVE......... 22, 24, 26, 28, 45, 203, 206, 255
128, 130, 131, 141, 142, 143, 146
RESIDUAL ............ 34, 37, 38, 39, 214, 288, 289
PLANE_STRESS81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 89, 90, 93,
RESTORE .......................................... 15, 16, 247
94, 98, 106, 112, 113, 116, 117, 120, 126,
128, 130, 131, 141, 142, 143, 146 RETARD_TIMES_PER_DECADE .. 49, 50, 218
PLASTIC ................................211, 212, 213, 215 RETENTION ......................................... 121, 125
POINTS ..............................49, 50, 203, 207, 299 RHO81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98,
106, 113, 115, 121, 126, 128, 130, 131, 135,
POISSON81, 82, 83, 86, 90, 94, 98, 106, 107,
137, 138, 139, 142, 145
113, 121, 122, 126, 127, 128, 129, 131, 141,
144 RT83, 86, 90, 94, 98, 106, 107, 113, 114, 117,
121, 122, 132, 218, 290
POLAR .............................................................59
PRAGER.............................79, 80, 126, 128, 129 S
PRESTRESSING....................................188, 190
SAMPLE_TIMES_PER_DECADE........... 49, 50
PSI.............................77, 220, 252, 253, 286, 287
SBETA ........................................... 211, 212, 214
312

SECANT_PREDICTOR .................................. 40 128, 130, 131, 141, 142, 143, 146, 180, 188,
189, 190, 198, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215
SERIALIZE ........................ 29, 30, 47, 49, 50, 51
SUPPORT181, 210, 229, 239, 299, 301, 302,
SET15, 16, 22, 23, 28, 29, 30, 33, 38, 41, 209,
304, 305, 306
221, 223, 224, 231, 240, 288, 289, 299, 302
SURFACE........................................................254
SHAPE150, 151, 152, 158, 159, 160, 162, 163,
164, 184, 264, 265 switches
SHEAR59, 83, 85, 86, 89, 90, 93, 94, 97, 98, /batch_execute ..............................................11
103, 104, 105, 106, 108, 112, 113, 116, 117,
/execute.....................................................9, 11
120, 121, 125
/silent ............................................................11
SHEAR_Y ........................................................ 59
SHEAR_Z......................................................... 59 T
SHELL .............................................................. 81
T 98, 107
SHRINKAGE150, 151, 153, 155, 156, 158, 159,
160, 161, 162, 164, 165, 209 TASK15, 17, 48, 53, 55, 209, 224, 235, 261,
297, 302
SIMPLE180, 181, 182, 183, 229, 230, 239, 299,
301, 302, 304, 305, 306 TEMPERATURE51, 147, 151, 153, 155, 156,
158, 159, 162, 180, 188, 189, 190, 198, 211,
SLAVE180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 186, 187, 198,
213, 215, 218, 219, 274, 275, 291, 293, 303
199, 210, 256, 297, 299
TENSILE ........................................211, 213, 215
SLOAN............................................................. 47
THICKNESS54, 55, 61, 62, 64, 65, 150, 151,
SMEARED ......................... 79, 80, 135, 137, 138
153, 154, 156, 158, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164,
SOLVER_KEYS ............................ 29, 30, 49, 50 226, 236, 276, 284, 285, 286
SPRING54, 55, 79, 80, 139, 140, 166, 167, 169, TIME32, 49, 50, 51, 52, 150, 151, 153, 155, 156,
170, 174, 178, 180, 181, 197, 216 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 189,
190, 209, 218, 221, 222, 224, 231, 288, 291,
STANDARD .................. 47, 48, 49, 50, 203, 206
292, 293, 294, 302
STATIC32, 200, 201, 202, 224, 240, 299, 304,
TIME_INTEGRATION....32, 222, 223, 288, 302
306
TIMES...............................................................13
STEAM150, 151, 153, 158, 159, 160, 162, 163,
164, 165 TITLE .......................................17, 209, 297, 302
STEP13, 15, 16, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 49, 200, TO22, 23, 26, 28, 45, 46, 64, 65, 113, 188, 190,
201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 208, 209, 210, 200, 203, 206, 207, 218, 231, 247, 270, 272,
217, 222, 224, 231, 232, 233, 240, 244, 245, 290, 292, 306
288, 289, 299, 304, 306
TORGUE ..........................................................59
STEP_LENGTH......................................... 42, 43
TOTAL LOAD ...............................181, 291, 293
STEPS............................................................... 51
TOTAL_LOSS................................150, 151, 153
STOP_TIME....................... 49, 50, 221, 222, 231
TRACE ...........................................203, 207, 208
STORE ....................................... 15, 16, 247, 248
TRANSIENT32, 33, 221, 223, 224, 231, 288,
STRAIN48, 49, 68, 69, 81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 89, 302
90, 93, 94, 97, 98, 106, 112, 113, 116, 117,
TYPE13, 23, 28, 29, 32, 33, 40, 41, 54, 66, 67,
120, 126, 128, 130, 131, 141, 142, 143, 146,
68, 77, 78, 81, 83, 86, 90, 94, 98, 106, 107,
180, 188, 189, 190, 198, 211, 212, 213, 214,
113, 117, 121, 126, 128, 131, 132, 135, 136,
215, 295
137, 138, 139, 141, 143, 146, 147, 149, 166,
STRENGTH98, 104, 106, 111, 126, 127, 211, 167, 169, 170, 174, 178, 181, 183, 200, 201,
213, 215 202, 203, 216, 220, 221, 222, 223, 225, 228,
232, 233, 236, 239, 240, 244, 252, 263, 265,
STRESS68, 69, 81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 89, 90, 93, 94,
97, 98, 106, 112, 113, 116, 117, 120, 126,
ATENA Input File Format 313

266, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, X

286, 287, 288, 291, 298, 299, 301, 303, 304
X 15, 53, 54, 59, 60, 71, 72, 73, 74, 77, 78, 98,
U 100, 101, 103, 106, 109, 110, 119, 133, 180,
187, 189, 190, 198, 220, 221, 231, 252, 253,
UNBALANCED_ENERGY_LIMIT................46 261, 287, 291, 292
UNITS.............................................15, 16, 51, 52 XVALUES ............................................. 241, 298
UPDATE_IP_EACH_ITERATION ...........40, 41 XY .......................................................... 189, 198
UPDATE_IP_EACH_STEP .......................40, 41 XZ .......................................................... 189, 198

V Y
VALUE13, 77, 181, 182, 183, 187, 189, 190, Y 15, 54, 59, 60, 69, 71, 77, 78, 81, 82, 83, 86,
198, 254, 291, 292, 295, 299, 305, 306 90, 94, 98, 106, 113, 121, 122, 126, 127, 128,
129, 131, 133, 141, 144, 180, 187, 189, 190,
VARIABLE44, 79, 81, 125, 166, 167, 169, 170,
198, 220, 221, 252, 253, 287, 291, 292, 302
174, 178
YIELD............................ 126, 127, 212, 213, 215
VARIATIONAL ..............................................208
YVALUES ............................................. 241, 298
W YX .......................................................... 189, 198
YZ .......................................................... 189, 198
WATER150, 151, 153, 158, 159, 160, 162, 163,
164, 165, 208
Z
WC147, 148, 150, 151, 152, 158, 159, 160, 162,
163, 164, 274, 276, 303
Z 59, 60, 77, 78, 187, 189, 190, 198, 220, 221,
WD83, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 95, 98, 106, 113, 252, 253, 287, 291, 292
115, 121, 125, 128, 129
ZX .......................................................... 189, 198
WIDTH .............................................................47
ZY .......................................................... 189, 198
WINKLER ........................................................59