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C If Else Statement

The document discusses C if, if...else, and nested if...else statements. It provides examples of using if statements to check conditions and execute code accordingly. The if statement executes code if a test expression is true. The if...else statement executes one block of code if the test is true, and another block if the test is false. Nested if statements allow placing if...else blocks within other if...else blocks to check multiple conditions.

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Sitaram Kankanala
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105 views8 pages

C If Else Statement

The document discusses C if, if...else, and nested if...else statements. It provides examples of using if statements to check conditions and execute code accordingly. The if statement executes code if a test expression is true. The if...else statement executes one block of code if the test is true, and another block if the test is false. Nested if statements allow placing if...else blocks within other if...else blocks to check multiple conditions.

Uploaded by

Sitaram Kankanala
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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C if...

else Statement
In this tutorial, you will learn about if statement (including if...else
and nested if..else) in C programming with the help of examples.

C if Statement
The syntax of the  if  statement in C programming is:

if (test expression)
{
// statements to be executed if the test expression is true
}

How if statement works?

The  if  statement evaluates the test expression inside the


parenthesis  () .
 If the test expression is evaluated to true, statements inside
the body of  if  are executed.
 If the test expression is evaluated to false, statements inside
the body of  if  are not executed.
To learn more about when test expression is evaluated to true
(non-zero value) and false (0), check relational and logical
operators.

Example 1: if statement

// Program to display a number if it is negative

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int number;

printf("Enter an integer: ");


scanf("%d", &number);

// true if number is less than 0


if (number < 0) {
printf("You entered %d.\n", number);
}

printf("The if statement is easy.");

return 0;
}

Output 1

Enter an integer: -2
You entered -2.
The if statement is easy.

When the user enters -2, the test expression  number<0  is evaluated
to true. Hence,  You entered -2  is displayed on the screen.
Output 2

Enter an integer: 5
The if statement is easy.

When the user enters 5, the test expression  number<0  is evaluated
to false and the statement inside the body of  if  is not executed

C if...else Statement
The  if  statement may have an optional  else  block. The syntax of
the  if..else  statement is:

if (test expression) {
// statements to be executed if the test expression is true
}
else {
// statements to be executed if the test expression is false
}

How if...else statement works?

If the test expression is evaluated to true,

 statements inside the body of  if  are executed.


 statements inside the body of  else  are skipped from
execution.
If the test expression is evaluated to false,

 statements inside the body of  else  are executed


 statements inside the body of  if  are skipped from execution.
Example 2: if...else statement

// Check whether an integer is odd or even

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int number;
printf("Enter an integer: ");
scanf("%d", &number);

// True if the remainder is 0


if (number%2 == 0) {
printf("%d is an even integer.",number);
}
else {
printf("%d is an odd integer.",number);
}

return 0;
}

Output

Enter an integer: 7
7 is an odd integer.

When the user enters 7, the test expression  number%2==0  is


evaluated to false. Hence, the statement inside the body of  else  is
executed.

C if...else Ladder
The  if...else  statement executes two different codes depending
upon whether the test expression is true or false. Sometimes, a
choice has to be made from more than 2 possibilities.
The if...else ladder allows you to check between multiple test
expressions and execute different statements.

Syntax of nested if...else statement.

if (test expression1) {
// statement(s)
}
else if(test expression2) {
// statement(s)
}
else if (test expression3) {
// statement(s)
}
.
.
else {
// statement(s)
}

Example 3: C if...else Ladder

// Program to relate two integers using =, > or < symbol

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int number1, number2;
printf("Enter two integers: ");
scanf("%d %d", &number1, &number2);

//checks if the two integers are equal.


if(number1 == number2) {
printf("Result: %d = %d",number1,number2);
}

//checks if number1 is greater than number2.


else if (number1 > number2) {
printf("Result: %d > %d", number1, number2);
}

//checks if both test expressions are false


else {
printf("Result: %d < %d",number1, number2);
}

return 0;
}

Output

Enter two integers: 12


23
Result: 12 < 23
Nested if...else
It is possible to include an  if...else  statement inside the body of
another  if...else  statement.

Example 4: Nested if...else

This program given below relates two integers using


either  < ,  >  and  =  similar to the  if...else  ladder's example.
However, we will use a nested  if...else  statement to solve this
problem.

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int number1, number2;
printf("Enter two integers: ");
scanf("%d %d", &number1, &number2);

if (number1 >= number2) {


if (number1 == number2) {
printf("Result: %d = %d",number1,number2);
}
else {
printf("Result: %d > %d", number1, number2);
}
}
else {
printf("Result: %d < %d",number1, number2);
}

return 0;
}
If the body of an  if...else  statement has only one statement, you
do not need to use brackets  {} .
For example, this code

if (a > b) {
print("Hello");
}
print("Hi");

is equivalent to

if (a > b)
print("Hello");
print("Hi");

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