A Correlational Study About Consumer's Age and Their Consuming Buying Behavior
A Correlational Study About Consumer's Age and Their Consuming Buying Behavior
A Correlational Study About Consumer's Age and Their Consuming Buying Behavior
behaviors.
Valentin, Ferdinand
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Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
The types of product that will be involved in the study are food, books, clothes and electronics.
The consumer purchasing behavior is the consumer’s power to select what to purchase. A current study
related to this is seen through the journal “Influence of Few Variables on Consumer Buying Behavior” by
Kalpana, R., & Shibu, N.S. (2016), the said journal talks about different factors that affects consumers
with their buying behaviors, like brand loyalty for example. The said journal theorised about how
personal, social and environmental factors affect consumers buying behaviors. The researchers in this
study want to see the consumer’s behavior of people differing in ages.
Companies have been trying to figure out how to make more consumers interested in their
products or services for the longest time. This task has been proven to be quite challenging since
consumer behavior is not something that can be limited to mere patterns only. It constantly changes and it
also varies on the consumer’s tastes themselves. However, as Herve and Mullet’s (2009) study suggests,
age can be a large factor in consumer behavior. The study showed that younger people favored the
affordability of a product while older people preferred the durability of it. Keeping that in mind, the
researchers aim to see if age actually has a significant effect on consumer behavior.
What is the correlation between the consumer’s age and their buying behavior?
Research Hypothesis (Carl)
There is a significant correlation between the consumer’s age and their buying behavior.
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The study aims to find out if there is a significant correlation between the consumer’s age and their
buying behavior.
In the study, the researchers specifically wanted to find out the consumer buying behavior of
citizens from Metro Manila. They used a Google survey to collect data from participants.
The study only consisted of the product types of food, books, clothes and electronics. The
researchers did not go into the other product types such as furniture, mobile apps, etc. The researchers did
not take the prices of the four product types into consideration as well. The researchers only had a sample
size of 50, thus the generalization may not be 100% accurate.
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Chapter 2
(Carl)
This chapter discussed about the consumer’s age, factors that affect consumer buying behavior
and the relation between age and consuming behavior. To add to this, the theory of individualism and
collectivism by Triandis and Gelfand (2012). With the studies read, the researchers have formed a
conceptual framework about the age and buying behavior.
CONSUMER’S AGE
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psychological factors were found to affect the buying behavior. This includes the motivation &
perception. Social factors including family, reference group & roles and status, also affect the consumer
buying behavior. Along with this, cultural factors such as sub-culture & social class affect the consumer
buying behavior. Economic factors including income, savings, liquid assets & consumer credit influence
the consumer buying behavior as well. Lastly, personal factors such as age, occupation, income &
lifestyle also affect the buying behavior. With this, the researchers stated that these factors must be
studied in order to achieve consumer satisfaction. This consumer satisfaction could lead to success in the
market (Ibid.) The study is believed to be relevant to our topic. It studied on how factors may affect the
consumer purchasing behavior, and our study aims to find how the age of a consumer may affect his/her
purchasing behavior.
The study by Herve and Mullet (2009) aimed to answer the question “How do you increase a
purchaser’s willingness to buy a product?” The sought participants were unpaid volunteers and were all
French. 160 participated in total in which 61 were men and 99 were women. The ages for the participants
ranged from 18-90 because this way, the researchers could incorporate age as a factor in the study. The
researchers asked the participants to rate the likelihood that they would buy a product in 27 different
scenarios from “not at all” to “extremely important”. The results showed that older people liked durability
more than any other factor while younger people liked affordability better. As to improve the study in the
future, the researchers said that they want to expand the demographic of their participants and get people
outside of France. Also, they hope to take monthly income into consideration next time. The research is
important because companies can possibly adjust their products to fit their target market better through
this research. In addition to that, the information in the study is very useful and is not hard to understand.
The study is also directly related to our study which is about age and consumer behavior also.
Triandis and Gelfand’s (2012) theory of individualism and collectivism has ideas and concepts
that gives better understanding of the society’s consuming behavior and their buying impulses.
This theory will help the research infer its conclusions on how age can be a factor of the
consumer’s buying behaviors. The theory talks about how the society works as itself, either in the manner
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of individualism or collectivism. Individualism is about how a single person works or thinks his or her
way of living. Collectivism, on the other hand, thinks that the group the individual is involved to is the
most important factor as to why the individual, being member of the group, gets affected with its way of
living (Ibid). With this theory, it can be hypothesized that the age of the consumer affects the way how
the consumer buys products in the mirror of both individualism and collectivism. The consumer buys
products according to its needs which tells that it connects as to what they need in lieu to their age. It is
collectivism in a manner that their buying decisions can be conclude just because of their age group. This
evaluates that the consumer’s age goes hand-in-hand with its buying behaviors that can be proven
according to the theory of individualism and collectivism. Unfortunately, the theory is only limited in
showing that the correlation of a consumer’s age and buying behavior are factorable by its way as an
individual and a member in a collective group. The research will show how these two are correlated by
the number of consumers that will choose certain products, how they are related to in age and will
conclude its factors and similarities between these two.
Figure 1
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The consumer’s buying behavior changes due to consumer’s age. Age is a factor for consumer behavior.
Above, the age is divided into two, the young and the old. Herve and Mullet (2009) stated that younger
consumers prefer affordability while older consumers prefer durability with the products they buy.
Consumer behavior - how individual customers, groups or organizations select, buy, use, and dispose
ideas, goods, and services to satisfy their needs and wants.
Demographic - statistical data relating to the population and particular groups within it.
Theory of Individualism - is how a person is affected by his or her way of living through its personal
assessment of oneself
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Chapter 3
METHODS
This chapter presents the research design, participants, instruments, and data analysis to be used
in this research paper.
This study aimed to determine the correlation between the age of consumer on their buying
behaviour. A survey was conducted in order to collect the data needed for the study. In order to answer
the research question, the study employed a correlational quantitative kind of research. Correlational
research strives to determine the relation level between two or more quantifiable variables (Espinosa
2016). This research focused on determining the level of relation between the two variables, the
consumer’s age and their buying behaviour.
Participants (Kat)
The population of the study was comprised of Senior High School students of Ateneo de Manila
University and their corresponding family members. The sample consisted of 10 Grade 11 students, 10
Grade 12 students both named as “teens”, 20 family members of the students within the age range of
18-55 years old named as “adults” and 10 family members of the students within the age range of 56
years old and above named as “elderly”, a total of 50 participants. Since the study focused on the
correlation between a consumer’s age and their buying behaviors it would be helpful for the study to have
participants who differs in their ages but has the same living environment with the other participants.
Random sampling was used in choosing the 20 Grade 11 and 12 students from Ateneo Senior
High School but the other participants were their family members which makes the other 30 were chosen
not in a random sampling method since a family member is not chosen in the said method. The
participants had the same chance as how the others can be picked. This eradicates the idea of bias and
gives a wider array of answers since it will be coming from different people.
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Instruments (Carl)
The two variables are the age of the consumer, and their corresponding consuming buying
behavior. The researchers’ questionnaire consists of several possible purchases and a ranking on how
much one consumer wants it. The researchers used an online Google form as the way for the survey and
was studied carefully one by one.
An online Google form will be created for the survey which contains the questions about their
name, demographics, age and a couple of products that they will rank based on their preference. Once the
researchers have reached an adequate number of answers, they gathered the data and put it into the scale
for statistics. The researchers then, generalized the data and created conclusions.
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Chapter 4
RESULTS
This study aimed to determine the correlation between the consumer’s age and their buying
behavior. Specifically, it sought to answer the main question: What is the correlation between the
consumer’s age and their buying behavior?
To answer this question, data collected from the online survey questionnaires answered by
Ateneo Senior High School Students, adults aging 18-44, and elderly aging 45 and above were analyzed
using SPSS version 25.
The two variables that were correlated were age and the consumer buying behavior (refer to Table
1.) Pearson’s correlation revealed that there is a significant weak negative correlation between age and the
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consumer buying behavior (r=-0.172, p=0.223) . Therefore, our research null hypothesis (There is a
significant correlation between the consumer’s age and their buying behavior.) is accepted.
Table 1.
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Chapter 5
DISCUSSION
This study aimed to determine the correlation between the consumer’s age and their buying
behavior. Specifically, it sought to answer the main question: What is the correlation between the
consumer’s age and their buying behavior?
As a means of answering this question, data was collected from online survey questionnaires
answered by a sample of 50 people from Metro Manila (17 aged 17 and below, 17 aged 18-44, and 17
aged 45 and above). The age and consumer buying behavior of the respondents from the data were
correlated using SPSS version 25.
It was established that there is a significant weak negative correlation between age and the
consumer buying behavior (r=-0.172, p=0.223) . This means that as the age of a person changes, his / her
consumer behavior changes as well. In detail, as the age goes up (older), consumers opt to not buy goods
anymore and as age goes down (younger) they choose to buy more. It is important to determine the
consumer buying behavior of a certain age group because this may help businessmen and women to
focus, specifically, on a certain target market. By knowing who and how old the target market is, the
product or service of a company may be altered in order to adapt to their preferences.
The results of this study supports the findings in past literatures. Suki’s (2016) study on consumer
age and their buying preferences states that consumers’ buying preferences change as the age changes.
The researcher’s study and Suki’s (2016) study obtained similar findings.
The limitations of this study includes the small sample size, which may have not accurately
generalized the population. Another limitation could be the probability of human error when inputting
data into SPSS, which may have altered the results. Although this was double checked, minor errors may
still have occurred. On the part of the participants, human error is also possible. Wrong items may have
been selected, thus affecting the results.
In light with these findings, the researchers recommend that future studies work with a larger
sample size. A large number of participants could ensure diversity better. This could result in better
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generalizations. Another recommendation would be being more precise. The use of more survey
questions, to give participants more choices, could further dig out more accurate results.
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