Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

Pablo Borbon Main II
Alangilan, Batangas City

CE 404: Fundamentals of Surveying

LABORATORY REPORT

Prepared by
CE-2202 | GROUP 2
Adame, Jonard C.
Alcaraz, Alvin Joseph C.
Burog, Giliane C.
Hidalgo, Richie Fae E.
Lontoc, Mark Argiel D.
Lumbera, Jan Kristhel M.
Manalo, Lloyd Ian S.
Marasigan, Christian M.
Medina, Jewelyn M.
Perez, Jimela Joyce M.

March 06, 2020

 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Pablo Borbon Main II
Alangilan, Batangas City

LABORATORY EXERCISE NO. 9

MEASUREMENT OF ANGLES BY REPETITION

OBJECTIVES:
a.) To learn how to measure precisely horizontal angles by the principle of repetition.

PARTY MEMBERS DESIGNATION

POSITION NAME RESPONSIBILITY
- responsible for the over-all
direction, supervision and
CHIEF OF PARTY Mark Argiel Lontoc
operational control of the survey
party
- assists the chief of party in the
ASSISTANT CHIEF
Jan Kristhel Lumbera accomplishment of the task
OF PARTY
assigned to the survey party
- set-up, level and operate surveying
Jonard Adame instruments
INSTRUMENTMEN Richie Fae Hidalgo - see to it that instruments are in
Jimela Joyce Perez good working condition and in
proper adjustment
- sees to it that equipments are
functioning properly, are regularly
TECHNICIAN Christian Marasigan
calibrated and are in proper
adjustments
- performs all computations of
Jimela Joyce Perez survey data and works out
COMPUTER
Alvin Joseph Alcaraz necessary computational checks
required in a field work operation
- keeps a record of all sketches,
drawings, measurements and
RECORDER Lloyd Ian Manalo
observations taken or needed for a
field work operation
Jewelyn Medina - holds the stadia or leveling rod
RODMAN
Giliane Burog when sights are to be taken on it
- clears the line of sight of trees,
AXEMAN / LINEMAN Mark Argiel Lontoc
brush and other obstructions
- renders first aid treatment to
members who are involved in cases
AIDMAN Christian Marasigan
concerning their health, safety and
well-being
- render other forms of assistance
UTILITYMEN Jan Kristhel Lumbera needed by the survey party or as
directed by the chief of party
NOTE: For the documentation of the laboratory, Jan Kristhel Lumbera and Giliane
Burog were designated to capture pictures and write narratives, respectively.

Table 1
Party Members Designation
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Pablo Borbon Main II
Alangilan, Batangas City

INSTRUMENTS & ACCESSORIES:

 Transit
 Tripod
 Range Poles

PROCEDURE:
1. Establish the corners of a triangle (ABC) with each side measuring about 30m
to 50m long. Call the vertices or corners A, B, and C and use pegs or chaining
pins to mark each. Refer to the accompanying sample sketch:

2. Set up and level the instrument at A and measure the interior angle (angle 1)
in four or six repetitions. A horizontal angle is measured by repetition as follows:

a. Release the lower and upper clamps and turn the instrument on its spindle
until the horizontal circle reading and index mark is near zero. Then, tighten the
clamps and turn the upper motion tangent screw until the index reading is exactly
zero.
b. Release the lower motion and sight the telescope (in direct position)
approximately to the preceding corner (B). Tighten the lower clamp and set the
line of sight precisely on the corner using the lower tangent screw.
c. Loosen the upper clamp and turn the telescope toward the succeeding corner
(C), then clamp the upper motion and turn the upper tangent screw until the line
of sight is exactly on the succeeding corner. The horizontal angle screening
should now be on the circle.
d. Turn the telescope and again sight back on the preceding corner (B) by using
the lower clamp. Tighten the lower clamp and set the line of sight exactly on the
corner this time using the lower tangent screw.
e. The upper clamp is loosened, the succeeding point (C) is sighted
approximately again, and the upper clamp tightened. The crosshairs are brought
exactly on the point by turning the upper tangent screw. The sum of the first two
turnings of the angle should now be on the horizontal circle.
f. The process is continued for the number of desired repetitions by following
steps d and e above.
3. After measuring the interior angle at corner A, also measure by a similar
number of repetitions the corresponding exterior angle, or angle 2.
4. Transfer the instrument to corner B, then to C, and again measure in a similar
process the interior and exterior angles at each corner to the specified number of
repetitions. Record each of these observed quantities as the measured average
value of the angle.
6. Tabulate observed and calculated values accordingly.

COMPUTATIONS:
1. The average value of each measured angle is determined by dividing the total
angle accumulated on the circle by the number of repetitions. The total angle
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Pablo Borbon Main II
Alangilan, Batangas City

may be larger than 360deg, making it necessary to add a multiple of 360deg

to the reading prior to dividing.
2. If the sum of the angles about each station is not equal to 360 deg an error in
the observation exists. The error about a station is equal to 360 deg minus
the sum of the interior and exterior angles measured about the station. This
computed value may be a positive or a negative quantity.
3. To determine the correction to be applied to each angle about a station,
divide the computed error at the station by the number of angles observed
about the station.
4. The adjusted values of angles about a station are determined by adding
algebraically to each measured and averaged value to the corresponding
correction.
5. As a check the sum of the adjusted angles about a station should equal to
360 degrees.
6. A final check is made to determine if the sum of the adjusted interior angles
from station adjustment is equal to 180 degrees. If not, the correction is
determined by subtracting the sum of the interior angles from 180 degrees
and dividing by the number of interior angles. The resulting quantity, which
may be positive or negative value, is then added algebraically to each interior
angle. The sum of these angles should now equal to 180 degrees.

REMARKS, HINTS & PRECAUTIONS:

1. When measuring an angle by a series of repetitions the instrument should
first be leveled very carefully and the leveling screws should not be disturbed
when a measurement is being made.
2. The measurement of angles by repetition is an effective method that nearly
eliminates mistakes commonly made in angle measurement and is thus
always employed in surveys of high precision.
3. To eliminate the effects of some maladjustments of an instrument, an even
number of repetitions should be taken, half with the telescope in normal
position and half with the telescope in reversed position.
4. Experience will show that the precision of an angular measurement is not
appreciably improved by making a very large number of repetitions (such as
more than 8 times) as there as systematic, personal, and instrumental errors
that may occur.
5. The error of closure for measurements made about a station should not
exceed 10 seconds times the square root of the number of angles for an
instrument with a least count of 1 minute.
6. The single measurement made for each angle should always be noted to
serve as a check on the number of repetitions made.
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Pablo Borbon Main II
Alangilan, Batangas City

DATA GATHERED

MEASURE MEASURED ADJUSTED

STATION ANGLE CORRECTION
D VALUE AVE VALUE VALUE
59°40’
59°35’
59°31’
1
59°37’
59°32’
59°39’
A 300°25’
300°20’
300°19’
2
300°22’
300°20’
300°22’
SUM
59°54’
59°54’
59°38’
3
59°31’
59°38’
59°32’
B 300°24’
300°24’
300°18’
4
300°25’
300°19’
300°32’
SUM
60°45’
60°50’
60°45’
5
60°59’
60°47’
60°57’
C 299°06’
299°10’
299°12’
6
299°08’
299°11’
299°09’
SUM
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Pablo Borbon Main II
Alangilan, Batangas City

COMPUTATIONS
For the computations, here are the working formulas to be used.

Measured Average Value ¿

∑ of Measured Values at an angle
6
360° −∑ of Measured Average Value
Correction Due to Error =
2°
Adjusted Value = Sum of Measured Average Value + Correction Due to Error

For Station A
At Angle 1:
Measured Average Value =
59° 40 ’ +59° 35 ’+59 ° 31’ +59 °37 ’ +59° 32 ’+59 ° 39’
6
Measured Average Value = 59°35’40’’
At Angle 2:
Measured Average Value =
300° 25 ’+300 ° 20 ’+300 ° 19 ’ +300 ° 22 ’+300 ° 20 ’+300 ° 22’
6
Measured Average Value = 300°21’20’’
For Angle 1 and 2:
Sum of Measured Average Value = 59°35’40’’ + 300°21’20’’
Sum of Measured Average Value = 359°57’0’’
360° −359° 57 ’ 0 ’ ’
Correction Due to Error =
2°
Correction Due to Error = 0°01’30’’
At Angle 1:
Adjusted Value = 59°35’40’’ + 0°01’30’’
Adjusted Value = 59°37’10’’
At Angle 2:
Adjusted Value = 300°21’20’’+ 0°01’30’’
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Pablo Borbon Main II
Alangilan, Batangas City

Adjusted Value = 300°22’50’’

For Angle 1 and 2:
Sum of Adjusted Values = 59°37’10’’ + 300°22’50’’
Sum of Adjusted Values = 360°0’0’’

For Station B
At Angle 3:
Measured Average Value =
59° 54 ’+ 59° 54 ’+ 59° 38 ’+59 ° 31’ +59 ° 38 ’+ 59° 32’
6
Measured Average Value = 59°41’10’’
At Angle 4:
Measured Average Value =
300° 24 ’ +300 ° 24 ’ +300 ° 18 ’+ 300° 25 ’+300 ° 19’ +300 ° 32 ’
6
Measured Average Value = 300°23’40’3
For Angle 3 and 4:
Sum of Measured Average Value = 59°41’10’’+ 300°23’40’’
Sum of Measured Average Value = 360°04’50’’
360° −360° 04 ’ 50’ ’ ’
Correction Due to Error =
2°
Correction Due to Error = -0°02’25’’
At Angle 3:
Adjusted Value = 59°41’10’’- 0°02’25’’
Adjusted Value = 59°38’45’’
At Angle 4:
Adjusted Value = 300°23’40’’- 0°02’25’’
Adjusted Value = 300°21’15’’
For Angle 3 and 4:
Sum of Adjusted Values = 59°38’45’’ + 300°21’15’’
Sum of Adjusted Values = 360°0’0’’

For Station C
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Pablo Borbon Main II
Alangilan, Batangas City

At Angle 5:
Measured Average Value =
60° 45 ’ +60 ° 50 ’ +60 ° 45’ +60 ° 59 ’ +60 ° 47 ’+60 ° 57 ’
6
Measured Average Value = 60°50’40’’
At Angle 6:
Measured Average Value =
299° 06 ’+ 299° 10 ’+299 ° 12’ +299 ° 08 ’ +299 ° 11 ’+ 299° 09 ’
6
Measured Average Value = 299°09’20’’
For Angle 5 and 6:
Sum of Measured Average Value = 60°50’40’’+ 299°09’20’’
Sum of Measured Average Value = 360°0’0’’
360° −360° 0 ’ 0 ’ ’
Correction Due to Error =
2°
Correction Due to Error = 0
At Angle 5:
Adjusted Value = 60°50’40’’ + 0
Adjusted Value = 60°50’40’’
At Angle 6:
Adjusted Value = 299°09’20’’ + 0
Adjusted Value = 299°09’20’’
For Angle 5 and 6:
Sum of Adjusted Values = 60°50’40’’+ 299°09’20’’
Sum of Adjusted Values = 360°0’0’’

Checking:
The adjusted angles about a station should be equal to 360 degrees.
For Station A:
Sum of Adjusted Values = 59°37’10’’ + 300°22’50’’
360°0’0’’= 360°0’0’’
For Station B:
Sum of Adjusted Values = 59°38’45’’ + 300°21’15’’
360°0’0’’= 360°0’0’’
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Pablo Borbon Main II
Alangilan, Batangas City

For Station C:
Sum of Adjusted Values = 60°50’40’’+ 299°09’20’’
Sum of Adjusted Values = 360°0’0’’

FINAL DATA
MEASURE MEASURED ADJUSTED
STATION ANGLE CORRECTION
D VALUE AVE VALUE VALUE
59°40’
59°35’
59°31’
1 0°01’30’’ 59°37’10’’
59°37’ 59°35’40’’
59°32’
59°39’
A 300°25’
300°20’
300°19’
2 0°01’30’’ 300°22’50’’
300°22’ 300°21’20’’
300°20’
300°22’
SUM 359°57’0’’ 0°03’0’’ 360°0’0’’
59°54’
59°54’
59°38’
3 -0°02’25’’ 59°38’45’’
59°31’ 59°41’10’’
59°38’
59°32’
B 300°24’
300°24’
300°18’
4 -0°02’25’’ 300°21’15’’
300°25’ 300°23’40’’
300°19’
300°32’
SUM 360°04’50’’ -0°04’50’’ 360°0’0’’
C 5 60°45’ 60°50’40’’ 60°50’40’’
60°50’
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Pablo Borbon Main II
Alangilan, Batangas City

60°45’
60°59’
60°47’
60°57’ 0
299°06’
299°10’
299°12’
6 299°09’20’’ 0 299°09’20’’
299°08’
299°11’
299°09’
SUM 360°0’0’’ 0 360°0’0’’

FOR FINAL CHECKING

A final check is made to determine if the sum of the adjusted interior angles from
station adjustment is equal to 180 degrees. Here are the working formulas to be used:
Sum of Adj. Interior Angles = Adj. Int. Angle 1 + Adj. Int. Angle 2 + Adj. Int. Angle
3
180° −∑ of Adjusted Interior Angles Values
Correction Due to Error =
3°
Adjusted Value = Adjusted Interior Angle Value + Correction Due to Error

For Angle 1 (∠CAB)

Adjusted Interior Angle Value = 59°37’10’’
For Angle 2 (∠ABC)
Adjusted Interior Angle Value = 59°38’45’’
For Angle 3 (∠BCA)
Adjusted Interior Angle Value = 60°50’40’’

Sum of Adj. Interior Angle Values = 59°37’10’’ + 59°38’45’’ + 60°50’40’’

= 180°06’35’’
For the Correction Value
180° −180° 06 ’ 35 ’ ’
Correction Due to Error =
3°
= -0°02’11.67’’
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Pablo Borbon Main II
Alangilan, Batangas City

For the Final Adjusted Value

For Angle 1 (∠CAB)
Adjusted Value = 59°37’10’’ + (- 0°02’11.67’’)
= 59°34’58.33’’
For Angle 2 (∠ABC)
Adjusted Value = 59°38’45’’+ (- 0°02’11.67’’)
= 59°36’33.33’’
For Angle 3 (∠BCA)
Adjusted Value = 60°50’40’’+ (- 0°02’11.67’’)
= 60°48’28.33’’

Checking:
The sum of the adjusted interior angles should be equal to 180 degrees.
Sum of Adj. Interior Angle Values = 59°34’58.33’’ + 59°36’33.33’’ + 60°48’28.33’’
= 179°59’59.99’’ ≈ 180°

FINAL DATA
MEASURED ADJUSTED
TRIANGLE ANGLE CORRECTION
AVE VALUE VALUE
1 59°37’10’’ -0°02’11.67’’ 59°34’58.33’’

2 59°38’45’’ -0°02’11.67’’ 59°36’33.33’’

ABC
3 60°50’40’’ -0°02’11.67’’ 60°48’28.33’’
179°59’59.99’’
SUM 180°06’35’’ -0°06’35’’
≈ 180°

RESULTS/REMARKS
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Pablo Borbon Main II
Alangilan, Batangas City

DOCUMENTATION
On a hot Friday morning, March 6, 2020, after borrowing the necessary
instruments and accessories, the surveying parties of CE-2202 proceed to the field
located inside the university campus to perform their tenth laboratory activity –
Measurement of Angles by Repetition.

The group established the corners of the triangle ABC, calling it station A, B, and
C, with each side measuring about 30 meters to 50 meters long. Range poles and
paltak were used to mark the each corners.
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Pablo Borbon Main II
Alangilan, Batangas City

After establishing the corners, the group set up and leveled the instrument at
station A, and measure the interior angle in six repetitions, labelling it as angle 1 at
station A. The corresponding exterior angle was also measured in six repetitions,
naming it as angle 2 at station A.
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Pablo Borbon Main II
Alangilan, Batangas City

The group then now transfer the instrument to station B after recording all
measurements in station A. Likewise, the same process were also applied at station B,
measuring the interior and exterior angles each in six repetitions and calling it as angle
3 and 4 at station B, respectively.

Repeating the process at station C wherein the interior and exterior angles were
named as angle 5 and 6 respectively, the group may now tabulate and compute the
values or angles of the triangle accordingly.
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Pablo Borbon Main II
Alangilan, Batangas City

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