McDonald

 data  Analysis  
Read  the  data  in  R  
menu  =  read.csv("menu.csv")  

Basic  Sanity  check  for  data  

Checkout  the  dimension  for  data  

dim(menu)
[1] 260 24

Get character typr for data

str(menu)
'data.frame': 260 obs. of 24 variables:
$ Category : Factor w/ 9 levels "Beef & Pork",..: 3 3 3
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 ...
$ Item : Factor w/ 260 levels "1% Low Fat Milk
Jug",..: 76 77 228 229 230 245 12 11 14 13 ...
$ Serving.Size : Factor w/ 107 levels "1 carton (236
ml)",..: 55 54 42 69 69 83 63 72 65 73 ...
$ Calories : int 300 250 370 450 400 430 460 520 410
470 ...
$ Calories.from.Fat : int 120 70 200 250 210 210 230 270 180 220
...
$ Total.Fat : num 13 8 23 28 23 23 26 30 20 25 ...
$ Total.Fat....Daily.Value. : int 20 12 35 43 35 36 40 47 32 38 ...
$ Saturated.Fat : num 5 3 8 10 8 9 13 14 11 12 ...
$ Saturated.Fat....Daily.Value.: int 25 15 42 52 42 46 65 68 56 59 ...
$ Trans.Fat : num 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 ...
$ Cholesterol : int 260 25 45 285 50 300 250 250 35 35 ...
$ Cholesterol....Daily.Value. : int 87 8 15 95 16 100 83 83 11 11 ...
$ Sodium : int 750 770 780 860 880 960 1300 1410 1300
1420 ...
$ Sodium....Daily.Value. : int 31 32 33 36 37 40 54 59 54 59 ...
$ Carbohydrates : int 31 30 29 30 30 31 38 43 36 42 ...
$ Carbohydrates....Daily.Value.: int 10 10 10 10 10 10 13 14 12 14 ...
$ Dietary.Fiber : int 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 3 2 3 ...
$ Dietary.Fiber....Daily.Value.: int 17 17 17 17 17 18 7 12 7 12 ...
$ Sugars : int 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 4 3 4 ...
$ Protein : int 17 18 14 21 21 26 19 19 20 20 ...
$ Vitamin.A....Daily.Value. : int 10 6 8 15 6 15 10 15 2 6 ...
$ Vitamin.C....Daily.Value. : int 0 0 0 0 0 2 8 8 8 8 ...
$ Calcium....Daily.Value. : int 25 25 25 30 25 30 15 20 15 15 ...
$ Iron....Daily.Value. : int 15 8 10 15 10 20 15 20 10 15 ...

Category,  Serving  Size  and  Item  type  is  read  as  factor,  rest  all  are  numeric  variables  
View  basic  summary  staEsEcs  
summary(menu)
 Category Item
Serving.Size
Coffee & Tea :95 1% Low Fat Milk Jug : 1 16 fl
oz cup: 45
Breakfast :42 Apple Slices : 1 12 fl
oz cup: 38
Smoothies & Shakes:28 Bacon Buffalo Ranch McChicken : 1 22 fl
oz cup: 20
Beverages :27 Bacon Cheddar McChicken : 1 20 fl
oz cup: 16
Chicken & Fish :27 Bacon Clubhouse Burger : 1 21 fl
oz cup: 7
Beef & Pork :15 Bacon Clubhouse Crispy Chicken Sandwich: 1 30 fl
oz cup: 7
(Other) :26 (Other) :254
(Other) :127
Calories Calories.from.Fat Total.Fat
Total.Fat....Daily.Value.
Min. : 0.0 Min. : 0.0 Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.00
1st Qu.: 210.0 1st Qu.: 20.0 1st Qu.: 2.375 1st Qu.: 3.75
Median : 340.0 Median : 100.0 Median : 11.000 Median : 17.00
Mean : 368.3 Mean : 127.1 Mean : 14.165 Mean : 21.82
3rd Qu.: 500.0 3rd Qu.: 200.0 3rd Qu.: 22.250 3rd Qu.: 35.00
Max. :1880.0 Max. :1060.0 Max. :118.000 Max. :182.00

Saturated.Fat Saturated.Fat....Daily.Value. Trans.Fat Cholesterol

Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.00 Min. :0.0000 Min. :
0.00
1st Qu.: 1.000 1st Qu.: 4.75 1st Qu.:0.0000 1st Qu.:
5.00
Median : 5.000 Median : 24.00 Median :0.0000 Median :
35.00
Mean : 6.008 Mean : 29.97 Mean :0.2038 Mean :
54.94
3rd Qu.:10.000 3rd Qu.: 48.00 3rd Qu.:0.0000 3rd Qu.:
65.00
Max. :20.000 Max. :102.00 Max. :2.5000 Max. :
575.00

Cholesterol....Daily.Value. Sodium Sodium....Daily.Value.

Carbohydrates
Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.0 Min. : 0.00 Min. :
0.00
1st Qu.: 2.00 1st Qu.: 107.5 1st Qu.: 4.75 1st Qu.:
30.00
Median : 11.00 Median : 190.0 Median : 8.00 Median :
44.00
Mean : 18.39 Mean : 495.8 Mean : 20.68 Mean :
47.35
3rd Qu.: 21.25 3rd Qu.: 865.0 3rd Qu.: 36.25 3rd Qu.:
60.00
Max. :192.00 Max. :3600.0 Max. :150.00 Max. :
141.00

Carbohydrates....Daily.Value. Dietary.Fiber Dietary.Fiber....Daily.Value.

Sugars
 Min. : 0.00 Min. :0.000 Min. : 0.000
Min. : 0.00
1st Qu.:10.00 1st Qu.:0.000 1st Qu.: 0.000
1st Qu.: 5.75
Median :15.00 Median :1.000 Median : 5.000
Median : 17.50
Mean :15.78 Mean :1.631 Mean : 6.531
Mean : 29.42
3rd Qu.:20.00 3rd Qu.:3.000 3rd Qu.:10.000
3rd Qu.: 48.00
Max. :47.00 Max. :7.000 Max. :28.000
Max. :128.00

Protein Vitamin.A....Daily.Value. Vitamin.C....Daily.Value.

Calcium....Daily.Value.
Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.000 Min. :
0.00
1st Qu.: 4.00 1st Qu.: 2.00 1st Qu.: 0.000 1st Qu.:
6.00
Median :12.00 Median : 8.00 Median : 0.000 Median :
20.00
Mean :13.34 Mean : 13.43 Mean : 8.535 Mean :
20.97
3rd Qu.:19.00 3rd Qu.: 15.00 3rd Qu.: 4.000 3rd Qu.:
30.00
Max. :87.00 Max. :170.00 Max. :240.000 Max. :
70.00

Iron....Daily.Value.
Min. : 0.000
1st Qu.: 0.000
Median : 4.000
Mean : 7.735
3rd Qu.:15.000
Max. :40.000

ObservaEons:  
No  missing  values  seems  to  be  there  in  data  set  
All  factor  in  Item  type  are  unique  
Numerical  variables  might  have  outliers  

Check  first  and  last  few  records  to  ensure  all  variables  are  in  proper  format.  
head(menu)
Category Item Serving.Size Calories
Calories.from.Fat
1 Breakfast Egg McMuffin 4.8 oz (136 g) 300
120
2 Breakfast Egg White Delight 4.8 oz (135 g) 250
70
3 Breakfast Sausage McMuffin 3.9 oz (111 g) 370
200
4 Breakfast Sausage McMuffin with Egg 5.7 oz (161 g) 450
250
5 Breakfast Sausage McMuffin with Egg Whites 5.7 oz (161 g) 400
210
6 Breakfast Steak & Egg McMuffin 6.5 oz (185 g) 430
210
Total.Fat Total.Fat....Daily.Value. Saturated.Fat
Saturated.Fat....Daily.Value. Trans.Fat
1 13 20 5
25 0
2 8 12 3
15 0
3 23 35 8
42 0
4 28 43 10
52 0
5 23 35 8
42 0
6 23 36 9
46 1
Cholesterol Cholesterol....Daily.Value. Sodium Sodium....Daily.Value.
Carbohydrates
1 260 87 750 31
31
2 25 8 770 32
30
3 45 15 780 33
29
4 285 95 860 36
30
5 50 16 880 37
30
6 300 100 960 40
31
Carbohydrates....Daily.Value. Dietary.Fiber Dietary.Fiber....Daily.Value.
Sugars Protein
1 10 4 17
3 17
2 10 4 17
3 18
3 10 4 17
2 14
4 10 4 17
2 21
5 10 4 17
2 21
6 10 4 18
3 26
Vitamin.A....Daily.Value. Vitamin.C....Daily.Value. Calcium....Daily.Value.
1 10 0 25
2 6 0 25
3 8 0 25
4 15 0 30
5 6 0 25
6 15 2 30
Iron....Daily.Value.
1 15
2 8
3 10
4 15
5 10
6 20

tail(menu)
Category Item
Serving.Size
255 Smoothies & Shakes McFlurry with M&M’s Candies (Snack) 7.3
oz (207 g)
256 Smoothies & Shakes McFlurry with Oreo Cookies (Small) 10.1
oz (285 g)
257 Smoothies & Shakes McFlurry with Oreo Cookies (Medium) 13.4
oz (381 g)
258 Smoothies & Shakes McFlurry with Oreo Cookies (Snack) 6.7
oz (190 g)
259 Smoothies & Shakes McFlurry with Reese's Peanut Butter Cups (Medium) 14.2
oz (403 g)
260 Smoothies & Shakes McFlurry with Reese's Peanut Butter Cups (Snack) 7.1
oz (202 g)
Calories Calories.from.Fat Total.Fat Total.Fat....Daily.Value.
Saturated.Fat
255 430 140 15 24
10
256 510 150 17 26
9
257 690 200 23 35
12
258 340 100 11 17
6
259 810 290 32 50
15
260 410 150 16 25
8
Saturated.Fat....Daily.Value. Trans.Fat Cholesterol
Cholesterol....Daily.Value. Sodium
255 48 0.0 35
11 120
256 44 0.5 45
14 280
257 58 1.0 55
19 380
258 29 0.0 30
9 190
259 76 1.0 60
20 400
260 38 0.0 30
10 200
Sodium....Daily.Value. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates....Daily.Value.
Dietary.Fiber
255 5 64 21
1
256 12 80 27
1
257 16 106 35
1
258 8 53 18
1
259 17 114 38
2
260 8 57 19
1
Dietary.Fiber....Daily.Value. Sugars Protein Vitamin.A....Daily.Value.
255 4 59 9 10
256 4 64 12 15
257 5 85 15 20
258 2 43 8 10
259 9 103 21 20
260 5 51 10 10
Vitamin.C....Daily.Value. Calcium....Daily.Value. Iron....Daily.Value.
255 0 30 4
256 0 40 8
257 0 50 10
258 0 25 6
259 0 60 6
260 0 30 4

Data  looks  in  proper  format  with  no  custom  headers  or  footers  

Check  for  missing  values  

anyNA(menu)
[1] FALSE
> sapply(menu, function(x) sum(is.na(x)))
Category Item
Serving.Size
0 0
0
Calories Calories.from.Fat
Total.Fat
0 0
0
Total.Fat....Daily.Value. Saturated.Fat
Saturated.Fat....Daily.Value.
0 0
0
Trans.Fat Cholesterol
Cholesterol....Daily.Value.
0 0
0
Sodium Sodium....Daily.Value.
Carbohydrates
0 0
0
Carbohydrates....Daily.Value. Dietary.Fiber
Dietary.Fiber....Daily.Value.
0 0
0
Sugars Protein
Vitamin.A....Daily.Value.
0 0
0
 Vitamin.C....Daily.Value. Calcium....Daily.Value.
Iron....Daily.Value.
0 0
0

This  confirms  that  no  missing  values  are  present  in  data  set  

Exploratory  Analysis  

Category:  

barplot(table(menu$Category),  main  =  "Category  distribuEon")  

 
table(menu$Category)

Beef & Pork Beverages Breakfast Chicken & Fish

15 27 42 27
Coffee & Tea Desserts Salads Smoothies & Shakes
95 7 6 28
Snacks & Sides
13
Coffee  &  Tea  looks  to  be  most  popular  while  Salads  seems  to  have  least  varieEes  
#Check  for  outliers  in  numeric  variables  
boxplot(menu)

We  could  see  that  outliers  are  there  in  most  of  variables.  

Check  for  distribuEon  of  numerical  variables  

ggplot(gather(menu[,-1:-3]), aes(value)) +
+ geom_histogram(bins = 10) +
+ facet_wrap(~key, scales = 'free_x')
  

Carbohydrates  variables  looks  normally  distributed  

Calcium,  fiber,  iron  has  good  spread  
Other  variables  show  skewness  

Check  for  correlaEon  among  numeric  variables.  

library(corrplot)  
corrplot(cor(menu[,4:24]))  
  

All  fat  variables  show  high  correlaEon  

Apart  from  variables  of  total  values  and  daily  value  variables  we  can  see  strong  
correlaEon  of  proteins  with  Fat,  sodium,  Carbohydrates,  fiber  and  iron  
Similarly,  iron  shows  strong  correlaEon  with  above  variables  

Calories  
boxplot(menu$Calories)
  
Outliers  are  present  

ggplot(menu,  aes(x  =  Calories))  +  

   geom_histogram(aes(y  =  ..density..),  fill  =  "red",  binwidth  =  40,  color="gray")  +    
   geom_density()  +  
   scale_x_conEnuous(breaks  =  seq(min(menu$Calories),  max(menu$Calories),  by  =  200))  

 
Most  of  items  have  calories  of  around  200-­‐350  
Outlier  present  in  far  end  with  calorie  value  of  1800  

Let  us  check  the  calorie  distribuEon  by  category  

ggplot(menu,  aes(x  =  Calories,fill=Category))  +    

   geom_density()  +  facet_wrap(  ~  Category)  

Outlier  seen  in  previous  plot  seems  to  have  come  from  Chicken  &  Fish  category  
Apart  from  that  Breakfast  and  Smoothies  &  Shakes  have  higher  calorie  on  an  average.  

Check  the  distribuEon  of  calorie  content  in  Chicken  &  Fish  category  

library(dplyr)  
menu  %>%  
filter(.,Category=="Chicken  &  Fish")  %>%  
         ggplot(aes(x  =  reorder(Item,  Calories),  y  =  Calories))  +  
         geom_bar(aes(fill=Calories<500),  width=0.5,  stat  =  "idenEty")  +  coord_flip()  
  

1800  calorie  value  is  from  40pcs  of  chicken,  hence  it  is  not  an  outlier  as  was  concluded  
earlier  

Let  us  now  check  the  calories  from  fat  as  percentage  of  total  calories  

plot_ly(menu,x  =  ~Calories,  
                         type  =  "histogram",  
                         histnorm  =  "probability",name="Calorie",alpha=0.6)%>%  
   add_histogram(x  =  ~Calories.from.Fat,name="Calorie  From  Fat",alpha=0.6)  %>%  
   layout(barmode  =  "overlay")  
  

Check  variables  which  have  more  than  desired  amount  of  nutrients  value  

menu[menu$Cholesterol....Daily.Value. > 100, cbind("Category", "Item",

"Cholesterol....Daily.Value.")]
Category Item
Cholesterol....Daily.Value.
28 Breakfast Big Breakfast (Regular Biscuit)
185
29 Breakfast Big Breakfast (Large Biscuit)
185
32 Breakfast Big Breakfast with Hotcakes (Regular Biscuit)
192
33 Breakfast Big Breakfast with Hotcakes (Large Biscuit)
192
We  could  see  that  above  4  items  are  not  healthy  as  they  contain  almost  double  the  
amount  of    
cholesterol  required  daily.  Expect  it  to  be  for  single  person    

menu[menu$Total.Fat....Daily.Value. > 100, cbind("Category","Item",

"Total.Fat....Daily.Value.")]
Category Item Total.Fat....Daily.Value.
83 Chicken & Fish Chicken McNuggets (40 piece) 182

We  will  ignore  this  as  it  talks  about  40  pieces  

menu[menu$Saturated.Fat....Daily.Value. > 100, cbind("Category", "Item",

"Saturated.Fat....Daily.Value.")]
Category Item
Saturated.Fat....Daily.Value.
83 Chicken & Fish Chicken McNuggets (40 piece)
101
232 Coffee & Tea Frappé Chocolate Chip (Large)
101
254 Smoothies & Shakes McFlurry with M&M’s Candies (Medium)
102

menu[menu$Vitamin.A....Daily.Value. > 100, cbind("Category", "Item",

"Vitamin.A....Daily.Value.")]
Category Item
Vitamin.A....Daily.Value.
85 Salads Premium Bacon Ranch Salad (without Chicken)
170
87 Salads Premium Bacon Ranch Salad with Grilled Chicken
110
88 Salads Premium Southwest Salad (without Chicken)
160
89 Salads Premium Southwest Salad with Crispy Chicken
170
90 Salads Premium Southwest Salad with Grilled Chicken
170

I would rather have this, provided it does not form a daily diet.
This can be classified as healthy food.

menu[menu$Vitamin.C....Daily.Value. > 100, cbind("Category", "Item",

"Vitamin.C....Daily.Value.")]
Category Item
Vitamin.C....Daily.Value.
41 Breakfast Fruit & Maple Oatmeal
130
42 Breakfast Fruit & Maple Oatmeal without Brown Sugar
130
102 Snacks & Sides Apple Slices
160
134 Beverages Minute Maid Orange Juice (Small)
130
135 Beverages Minute Maid Orange Juice (Medium)
160