Drug Study

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NAME AND DOSE, MECHANIS INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE NURSING

CLASSIFICA FREQUENCY M OF S EFFECT RESPONSIBILI


TION OF , ROUTE, ACTION TY
DRUGS DURATION
OF
ADMINISTR
ATION
Brand Name: Dosage: 10mg It blocks the Indicated for the - Myasthenia CNS: dizziness,  Drug
Buscopan (3 dose) muscarinic relief of spasm of gravies, anaphylactic compatibility
receptors the genito-urinary - megacolon reactions, should be
Generic Name: Route: PO found on the tract or gastro- - hypersensitivity to anaphylactic shock, monitored
Hyoscine-N- smooth muscle intestinal tract and drug contents increased ICP, closely in
butylbromide Frequency: walls which for the - narrow angle disorientation, restl patients requiring
Every 2 hours means symptomatic relief glaucoma essness, irritability, adjunctive
Classification: its blocks the of Irritable Bowel - prostate dizziness, therapy
Antispasmodics action of Syndrome hypertrophy with drowsiness,  Avoid driving
acetylcholine urinary retention headache, & operating
Pregnancy on the - mechanical confusion, machinery after
Category: C receptors stenosis in the GI hallucination, parenteral
found within tract delirium, administration.
Availability: the smooth - tachycardia impaired memory  Avoid strict
Tablet 10 muscle of the CV: hypotension, heat
mg,Ampule gastrointestina tachycardia,  Raise side rails
20mg l and urinary palpitations, as a precaution
tract and thus flushing because some
reduces the GI: Dry mouth, patients become
spasms and constipation, temporarily
contractions. nausea, epigastric excited or
This relaxes distress disoriented and
the muscle and DERM: flushing, some develop
thus reduced dyshidrosis amnesia or
the pain from GU: Urinary become drowsy.
the cramps and retention, urinary  Reorient
spasms. hesitancy patient, as
Resp: dyspnea, needed,
bronchial plugging, Tolerance may
depressed develop when
respiration therapy  is
EENT: mydriasis, prolonged
dilated pupils,  Atropine-like
blurred vision, toxicity may
photopobia, cause dose
increased related adverse
intraocular reactions.
pressure, difficulty Individual
of swallowing. tolerance varies
greatly
 Oerdose may
cause curare-like
effects, such as
respiratory
paralysis. Keep
emergency
equipment
available
NAME AND DOSE, MECHANIS INDICATIO CONTRAINDICATI ADVERSE NURSING
CLASSIFICATI FREQUENCY, M OF NS ONS EFFECT RESPONSIBILI
ON OF DRUGS ROUTE, ACTION TY
DURATION OF
ADMINISTRATI
ON
Generic name: Dosage: 625mg - An - Known or - Penicillin - Lethargy - Assess bowel
Co-Amoxiclav antibiotic that suspected hypersensitivity. - hallucinations pattern before and
Route: PO combines amoxicillin- - seizures during treatment
Proprietary amoxicillin resistant - History of co- - glossitis as
names: Frequency: Every and infections amoxiclav-associated - sore mouth pseudomembrano
- Augmentin, 8 hours clavulanic including or penicillin-associated - furry tongue us colitis may
Augmentin-Duo. acid. It respiratory jaundice or hepatic - black “hairy occur.
destroys tract, skin and dysfunction. tongue”
Classification bacteria by soft tissue, - Report
- nausea and
- Broad-spectrum disrupting genitourinary, haematuria or
vomiting
penicillin. their ability and ear, nose oliguria as high
- diarrhea
to form cell and throat doses can be
walls. infections. - abdominal nephrotoxic.
pain
- Clavulanic - Effective - bloody - Assess
acid blocks against strains diarrhea respiratory status.
the chemical of - enterocolitis
defence, Escherichia - Observe for
known as coli, Proteus anaphylaxis.
beta- mirabilis,
lactamase, Haemophilus - Ensure that the
that some influenzae, patient has
bacteria have Streptococcus adequate fluid
against faecalis, intake during any
penicillins. l Streptococcus diarrhoea attack.
Co- pneumoniae
amoxiclav is and some
active against beta-
bacterial lactamase-
infections producing
that have organisms.
become
resistant to
amoxicillin.
NAME AND DOSE, MECHAN INDICATI CONTRAINDICA ADVERSE NURSING
CLASSIFICATIO FREQUENCY, ISM OF ONS TIONS EFFECT RESPONSIBILITY
N OF DRUGS ROUTE, ACTION
DURATION
OF
ADMINISTRA
TION
Generic Dosage: 200mg  Inhi  Reli  Hypersensiti CNS: dizziness, - Instruct patient to take
Name :celecoxib bits the ef of vity; headache, insomnia celecoxib exactly as
Route: PO enzyme signs  Cross- directed. Do not take more
Brand Name: CV: HF, Myocardial than prescribed dose.
COX-2. and sensitivity may
Celebrex Frequency: QD Infarction, Stroke, Increasing doses does not
This sympto exist with other Thrombosis, edema, appear to increase
Classification Duration: enzyme ms of NSAIDs, hypertension effectiveness. Use lowest
Therapeutic class : Unknown is osteoarth including effective dose for shortest
antirheumatics, required ritis, aspirin; Derm: Exfoliative period of time.
nonsteroidal anti- for the rheumat  History of dermatitis, Stevens- - Advise patient to notify
inflammatory agents synthesi oid allergic-type Johnson Syndrome, health care professional
Pharmacologic: Toxic epidermal promptly if sign or
s of arthritis, reactions to
COX-2 inhibitors necrolysis, rash symptom of GI toxicity
prostagl ankylosi sulfonamides;
(abdominal pain, black
andins. ng  History of F and stools), skin rash,
 Has spondyli asthma, E: hyperkalemia unexplained weight gain,
analgesi tis, and urticaria, or edema, or chest pain
c, anti- juvenile allergic-type GI: GI bleeding, occurs. Patients should
inflamm rheumat reactions to abdominal pain, discontinue celecoxib and
atory, oid aspirin or other diarrhea, dyspepsia, notify health care
flatulence, nausea professional if signs and
and arthritis. NSAIDs,
symptoms of
antipyre  Man including the
hepatotoxicity (nausea,
tic agement aspirin triad fatigue, lethargy, pruritus,
properti of acute (asthma, nasal jaundice, upper right
es. pain polyps, and quadrant tenderness, flu-
Therapeut includin severe like symptoms) occur.
ic g hypersensitivity - Advise patient to notify
Effect(s): health care professional if
primary reactions to
 Dec pregnancy is planned or
dysmeno aspirin); suspected.
reased rrhea.  Advanced
pain and renal disease;
inflamm  Severe
ation hepatic
caused dysfunction;
by  Coronary
arthritis artery bypass
or graft (CABG)
spondyl surgery;
itis.  OB:
 Dec Should not be
reased used in late
pain. pregnancy (may
cause premature
closure of the
ductus
arteriosus).
NAME AND DOSE, MECHANISM INDICATION CONTRAINDICATIO ADVERSE NURSING
CLASSIFICATIO FREQUENCY, OF ACTION S NS EFFECT RESPONSIBILIT
N OF DRUGS ROUTE, Y
DURATION OF
ADMINISTRATIO
N
Generic Name: Dose: 200mg • Prevention • Hypersensitivity • Dizziness • Advise patient to
Ferrous sulphate Elevates the and treatment • Severe hypotension. •N&V take medicine as
Route: serum iron of iron • Nasal prescribed.
Trade Name: PO concentration deficiency Congestion • Caution patient to
Feosol which then helps anemias. • Dyspnea make position
Frequency: to form High or • Dietary •Hypotensio changes slowly to
Classification: OD trapped in the supplement for n minimize
Iron Preparation reticuloendotheli iron. • CHF orhtostatic
al cells for • MI hypotension.
storage and • Muscle • Instruct patient to
eventual cramps avoid concurrent
conversion to a • Flushing use of alcohol or
usable form of OTC medicine
iron. without consulting
the physician.
• Advise patient to
consult physician if
irregular heartbeat,
dyspnea, swelling
of hands and feet
and hypotension
occurs.
• Inform patient
that angina attacks
may occur 30 min.
after administration
due reflex
tachycardia.
• Encourage patient
to comply with
additional
intervention for
hypertension like
proper diet, regular
exercise, lifestyle
changes and stress
management.
NAME AND DOSE, MECHAN INDICAT CONTRAINDICATIONS ADVERSE NURSING
CLASSIFIC FREQUENC ISM OF IONS EFFECT RESPONSIBILIT
ATION OF Y, ROUTE, ACTION Y
DRUGS DURATION
OF
ADMINISTR
ATION
Generic Name: Dosage: Inhibits prost Short-term - This drug should be use - Respiratory: - Monitor BP upon
Ketorolac 30mg (4 aglandinsyn manageme administration.
Tromethamine doses) thesis, produ nt of pain cautiously with patients who rhinitis,
< 90/80never
cing periph (not to have impaired hearing, allergies, hemoptysis, administer.
Brand Name: Route: erallymediat exceed and dyspnea - Refer to doctor.-
Toradol IVTT edanalgesia- 5days total Patients who have
cardiovascular/gastrointestinal/he - GI: GI pain,
Also has for all asthma, aspirin-
Classification Frequency: antipyretic routes patic conditions. diarrhea, vomiting, induced allergy, and
: Every 6 hours and anti- combined) - It is contraindicated during labor nausea nasal polyps are at
Anti-pyretic inflammatory  CNS: increased risk
and delivery and mothers who -
NSAID properties. for developing
Therapeutic gives breastfeeding to their baby. dizziness, fatigue, hypersensitivity
effect: - Contraindicated to patients who insomnia, headache reactions.
Decreased  wears soft contact lenses. - Hematologic: - Assess
pain for rhinitis,
- Contraindicated to patients who neutropenia,
asthma, and
use NSAIDS simultaneously. leukopenia, urticaria.
- Contraindicated to patients who decreased Hgb or - Assess pain (note
have a history of gastrointestinal Hct, bone marrow type, location,
and intensity)
bleeding or peptic ulcer. depression prior to and1-2 hr
- Contraindicated to patients who - Dermatologic: following
administration.
are suspected or confirmed sweating, dry - Ketorolac therapy
cerebrovascular bleeding. mucous membrane, should always be
pruritus given initially by
the IM or IV
route.
- Oral therapy
should be used only
as a continuation
of  parenteral
therapy.
- Caution patient
to avoid concurrent
use of alcohol,
aspirin, NSAIDs,
NAME AND DOSE, MECHANIS INDICATIO CONTRAIN ADVERSE NURSING RESPONSIBILITY
CLASSIFICATIO FREQUEN M OF NS DICATION EFFECT
N OF DRUGS CY, ACTION S
ROUTE,
DURATION
OF
ADMINIST
RATION
Generic Name :  Dosage: Tramadol Relief of Suicidal  Sweating • Assess type, location, and
tramadol 60mg (4 inhibits moderate to patients, , dizziness, intensity of pain before and 2-3 hr
hydrochloride doses) reuptake of moderately acute nausea, (peak) after administration.
Brand norepinephri severe pain alcoholism; vomiting, • Assess BP & RR before and
Name:  Ultram Route: ne, serotonin head injuries; dry mouth, periodically during administration.
IVTT and enhances raised fatigue, Respiratory depression has not
Classification serotonin intracranial asthenia, occurred with recommended doses.
Therapeutic class: Frequency: release. It pressure; somnolence • Assess bowel function routinely.
Analgesics Every 6 alters severe renal , confusion, Prevention of constipation should
Pharmacologic hours perception impairment; constipatio be instituted with increased intake
class: Synthetic and response lactation. n, flushing, of fluids and bulk and with laxatives
centrally active to pain by headache, to minimize constipating effects.
analgesics binding to vertigo, • Assess previous analgesic history.
mu-opiate tachycardia, Tramadol is not recommended for
Pregnancy Category receptors in palpitations patients dependent on opioids or
C  the CNS. , miosis, who have previously received
insomnia, opioids for more than 1 wk; may
orthostatic cause opioid withdrawal symptoms.
hypotensio • Prolonged use may lead to
n, seizures, physical and psychological
CNS dependence and tolerance, although
stimulation these may be milder than with
e.g. opioids. This should not prevent
hallucinatio patient from receiving adequate
ns. analgesia. Most patients who
 Potential receive tramadol for pain d not
ly develop psychological dependence.
Fatal: Resp If tolerance develops, changing to
iratory an opioid agonist may be required
depression. to relieve pain.
• Tramadol is considered to provide
more analgesia than codeine 60 mg
but less than combined aspirin
650mg/codeine 60 mg for acute
postoperative pain.
• Monitor patient for seizures. May
occur within recommended dose
range. Risk increased with higher
doses and inpatients taking
antidepressants (SSRIs, tricyclics,
or Mao inhibitors), opioid
analgesics, or other durgs that
decrese the seizure threshold.
• Overdose may cause respiratory
depression and seizures. Naloxone
(Narcan) may reverse some, but not
all, of the symptoms of overdose.
Treatment should be symptomatic
and supportive. Maintain adequate
respiratory exchange.
• Encourage patient to cough and
breathe deeply every 2 hr to prevent
atelactasis and pneumonia.
NAME AND DOSE, MECHANI INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATI ADVERSE NURSING
CLASSIFICATI FREQUENCY, SM OF ONS EFFECT RESPONSIBILI
ON OF DRUGS ROUTE, ACTION TY
DURATION OF
ADMINISTRATI
ON
Generic Name: Dosage: Inhibits cell-  Treatment of  Contraindicate  GI:  Monitor
ampicillin 2g wall infections caused d with allergies to diarrhea, sodium level
sodium synthesis by susceptible penicillins, nausea, because each
Route: during strains cephalosporins, or pseudomem gram of
Brand IVTT(-) ANST bacterial of Shigella, other allergens. branous ampicillin
Name:   Ampicin multiplicatio Salmonella,  Use cautiously colitis, sodium
(CAN), Apo- Frequency: n. Escherichia coli, with renal abdominal injections
Ampi (CAN), Every 6 hours Haemophilus disorders. pain, black contains 2.9
Novo-Ampicillin influenzae, hairy mEq of
(CAN), Nu-Ampi Duration: Proteus tongue, sodium.
(CAN), Penbritin Unknown mirabilis, enterocolitis  If large doses
(CAN), Principen Neisseria , gastritis, are given or if
gonorrhoeae, ent glossitis, therapy is
Classification erococci, gram- stomatitis, prolonged,
Therapeutic positive vomiting. bacterial or
class: Antibotics organisms  Hematol fungal
Pharmacologic (penicillin G– ogic: superinfection
class: sensitive leukopenia, may occur,
Aminopenicillins staphylococci, thrombocyto especially in
Pregnancy streptococci, penia, elderky,
Category B pneumococci) thrombocyto debilitated, or
 Meningitis penic immunosuppre
caused purpura, ssed patients.
by Neisseria anemia,  Watch for
meningitidis eosinophilia signs and
 Unlabeled use: , haemolytic symptoms of
Prophylaxis in anemia, hypersensitivit
cesarean section agranulocyt y, such as
in certain high- osis. erythematous
risk patients  Other: maculopapular
hypersensiti rash, urticarial,
vity and
reactions, anaphylaxis.
over growth  Monitor
of patients
nonsuscepti CDAD, which
ble can be fatal
organisms and can occur
even more
than 2 months
after therapy
ends.
Antibiotic may
need to be
stopped and
other treatment
begun.

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