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Question: What is Docker?

Answer :
Docker provides a container for managing software workloads on shared infrastructure, all
while keeping them isolated from one another.
Docker is a tool designed to make it easier to create, deploy, and run applications by using
containers.

Containers allow a developer to package up an application with all of the parts it needs,
such as libraries and other dependencies and ship it all out as one package.

By doing so, the developer can rest assured that the application will run on any other Linux
machine regardless of any customized settings that machine might have that could differ
from the machine used for writing and testing the code. In a way, Docker is a bit like a
virtual machine. But unlike a virtual machine, rather than creating a whole virtual operating
system. Docker allows applications to use the same Linux kernel as the system that they're
running on and only requires applications be shipped with things not already running on the
host computer. This gives a significant performance boost and reduces the size of the
application.

Question: What Are Linux Containers?

Answer :
Linux containers, in short, contain applications in a way that keep them isolated from the
host system that they run on.
Containers allow a developer to package up an application with all of the parts it needs,
such as libraries and other dependencies, and ship it all out as one package.

And they are designed to make it easier to provide a consistent experience as developers
and system administrators move code from development environments into production in a
fast and replicable way.

Question: Who Is Docker For?

Answer :
Docker is a tool that is designed to benefit both developers and system administrators,
making it a part of many DevOps (developers + operations) toolchains.

For developers, it means that they can focus on writing code without worrying about

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the system that it will ultimately be running on.

It also allows them to get a head start by using one of thousands of programs already
designed to run in a Docker container as a part of their application.

For operations staff, Docker gives flexibility and potentially reduces the number of systems
needed because of its small footprint and lower overhead.

Question: What Is Docker Container?

Answer :
Docker containers include the application and all of its dependencies, but share the kernel
with other containers, running as isolated processes in user space on the host operating
system.

Docker containers are not tied to any specific infrastructure: they run on any computer, on
any infrastructure, and in any cloud.

Now explain how to create a Docker container, Docker containers can be created by either
creating a Docker image and then running it or you can use Docker images that are present
on the Dockerhub. Docker containers are basically runtime instances of Docker images.

Question: What Is Docker Image?

Answer :
Docker image is the source of Docker container. In other words, Docker images are used
to create containers. Images are created with the build command, and they’ll produce a
container when started with run.

Images are stored in a Docker registry such as registry.hub.docker.com because they can
become quite large, images are designed to be composed of layers of other images,
allowing a minimal amount of data to be sent when transferring images over the network.

Question: What Is Docker Hub?

Answer :
Docker hub is a cloud-based registry service which allows you to link to code repositories,
build your images and test them, stores manually pushed images, and links to Docker
cloud so you can deploy images to your hosts.

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It provides a centralized resource for container image discovery, distribution and change
management, user and team collaboration, and workflow automation throughout the
development pipeline.

Question: What is Docker Swarm?

Answer :
Docker Swarm is native clustering for Docker. It turns a pool of Docker hosts into a single,
virtual Docker host.
Docker Swarm serves the standard Docker API, any tool that already communicates with a
Docker daemon can use Swarm to transparently scale to multiple hosts.

Question: Explain basic Docker usage workflow

Answer :
➢ Everything starts with the Dockerfile. The Dockerfile is the source code of the Image.

➢ Once the Dockerfile is created, you build it to create the image of the container. The
image is just the "compiled version" of the "source code" which is the Dockerfile.

➢ Once you have the image of the container, you should redistribute it using the registry.
The registry is like a git repository -- you can push and pull images.

➢ Next, you can use the image to run containers. A running container is very similar, in
many aspects, to a virtual machine (but without the hypervisor).

Questions: What is Dockerfile used for?

Answer :
A Dockerfile is a text document that contains all the commands a user could call on the
command line to assemble an image.

Using docker build users can create an automated build that executes several commandline
instructions in succession.

Question: How is Docker different from other container

technologies?
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Answer :
Docker containers are easy to deploy in a cloud. It can get more applications running on the
same hardware than other technologies.

It makes it easy for developers to quickly create, ready-to-run containerized applications

and it makes managing and deploying applications much easier. You can even share
containers with your applications.

Question: How to create Docker container?

Answer :
We can use Docker image to create Docker container by using the below command:
docker run -t -i command name

This command will create and start a container. You should also add, If you want to check
the list of all running container with the status on a host use the below command:
docker ps -a

Question: How to stop and restart the Docker container?

Answer :
In order to stop the Docker container you can use the below command:
docker stop container ID

Now to restart the Docker container you can use:

docker restart container ID

Question: How do you scale your Docker containers?

Answer :
The Docker containers can be scaled to any level starting from a few hundreds to even
thousands or millions of containers. The only condition is that the containers need the
memory and the OS at all times and there should not be a constraint on these when the
Docker is getting scaled.

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Question: What is the difference between the COPY and ADD

commands in a Dockerfile?
Answer :
Although ADD and COPY are functionally similar, generally speaking, COPY is preferred.

That’s because it’s more transparent than ADD. COPY only supports the basic copying of local
files into the container, while ADD has some features (like local-only tar extraction and
remote URL support) that are not immediately obvious. Consequently, the best use for ADD is
local tar file auto-extraction into the image, as in ADD rootfs.tar.xz /.

Question: What is the difference between docker run and

docker create?
Answer :
The primary difference is that using ‘docker create’ creates a container in a stopped state.
Bonus point: You can use ‘docker create’ and store an outputed container ID for later
use. The best way to do it is to use ‘docker run’ with --cidfile FILE_NAME as running it
again won’t allow to overwrite the file.

Question: What four states a Docker container can be in?

Answer :
Running
Paused
Restarting
Exited

Question: What Is Difference Between Repository and a

Registry?
Answer :
Docker registry is a service for hosting and distributing images. Docker repository is a
collection of related Docker images.

Question: What platforms does Docker run on?

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Answer :
Docker runs on only Linux and Cloud platforms and below are the vendors of Linux:

❖ Ubuntu 12.04, 13.04 et al

❖ Fedora 19/20+
❖ RHEL 6.5+
❖ CentOS 6+
❖ Gentoo
❖ ArchLinux
❖ openSUSE 12.3+
❖ CRUX 3.0+

Cloud:

❖ Amazon EC2
❖ Google Compute Engine
❖ Microsoft Azure
❖ Rackspace

Question: What are the most common instructions in

Dockerfile?
Answer :
Some of the common instructions in Dockerfile are as follows:

FROM: We use FROM to set the base image for subsequent instructions. In every valid
Dockerfile, FROM is the first instruction.

LABEL: We use LABEL to organize our images as per project, module, licensing etc. We can
also use LABEL to help in automation.

In LABEL we specify a key value pair that can be later used for programmatically handling the
Dockerfile.

RUN: We use RUN command to execute any instructions in a new layer on top of the current
image. With each RUN command we add something on top of the image and use it in
subsequent steps in Dockerfile.

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CMD: We use CMD command to provide default values of an executing container. In a

Dockerfile, if we include multiple CMD commands, then only the last instruction is used.

Question: How to link containers?

Answer :
The simplest way is to use network port mapping. There’s also the - -link flag which is
deprecated.

Question: How will you monitor Docker in production?

Answer :
Docker provides tools like docker stats and docker events to monitor Docker in production.
We can get reports on important statistics with these commands.

Docker stats: When we call docker stats with a container id, we get the CPU, memory usage
etc of a container. It is similar to top command in Linux.

Docker events: Docker events are a command to see the stream of activities that are going
on in Docker daemon.

Some of the common Docker events are: attach, commit, die, detach, rename, destroy etc.
We can also use various options to limit or filter the events that we are interested in.

Question: What is the difference between Docker RUN, CMD

and ENTRYPOINT?
Answer :
A CMD does not execute anything at build time, but specifies the intended command for
the image.
RUN actually runs a command and commits the result.

If you would like your container to run the same executable every time, then you should
consider using ENTRYPOINT in combination with CMD.

Question: How many containers can run per host?

Answer :
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As far as the number of containers that can be run, this really depends on your
environment. The size of your applications as well as the amount of available resources will
all affect the number of containers that can be run in your environment.

Containers unfortunately are not magical. They can’t create new CPU from scratch. They
do, however, provide a more efficient way of utilizing your resources.

The containers themselves are super lightweight (remember, shared OS vs individual OS

per container) and only last as long as the process they are running. Immutable
infrastructure if you will.

Question: What is Docker hub?

Answer :
Docker hub is a cloud-based registry service which allows you to link to code repositories,
build your images and test them, stores manually pushed images, and links to Docker
cloud so you can deploy images to your hosts.

It provides a centralized resource for container image discovery, distribution and change
management, user and team collaboration, and workflow automation throughout the
development pipeline.

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