HTML5 1

HTML5
Filename extension HTML: .html, .htm
XHTML: .xhtml, .xht, .xml

Internet media type HTML: text/html

XHTML: application/xhtml+xml, application/xml

Type code TEXT

Uniform Type Identifier public.html

Developed by W3C HTML WG, WHATWG

Type of format Markup language

Standard(s) [1]
• WHATWG Editor's draft
[2]
• W3C Editor's draft

HTML5 is the next major revision of the HTML standard, currently under development.
Like its immediate predecessors, HTML 4.01 and XHTML 1.1, HTML5 is a standard for structuring and presenting
content on the World Wide Web. The new standard incorporates features like video playback and drag-and-drop that
have been previously dependent on third-party browser plug-ins such as Adobe Flash and Microsoft Silverlight.

W3C standardization process

The Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG) started work on the specification in June
2004 under the name Web Applications 1.0.[3] As of March 2010, the specification is in the Draft Standard state at
the WHATWG, and in Working Draft state at the W3C. Ian Hickson of Google, Inc. is the editor of HTML5.[4]
The HTML5 specification was adopted as the starting point of the work of the new HTML working group of the
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in 2007. This working group published the First Public Working Draft of the
specification on January 22, 2008.[5] The specification is an ongoing work, and is expected to remain so for many
years, although parts of HTML5 are going to be finished and implemented in browsers before the whole
specification reaches final Recommendation status.[6]
According to the W3C timetable, it is estimated that HTML5 will reach W3C Recommendation by late 2010.
However, the First Public Working Draft estimate was missed by 8 months, and Last Call and Candidate
Recommendation were expected to be reached in 2008,[7] but as of July 2010 HTML5 is still at Working Draft stage
in the W3C.[8] HTML5 has been at Last Call in the WHATWG since October 2009.[9]
Ian Hickson, editor of the HTML5 specification, expects the specification to reach the Candidate Recommendation
stage during 2012.[10] The criterion for the specification becoming a W3C Recommendation is “two 100% complete
and fully interoperable implementations”.[10] In an interview with TechRepublic, Hickson guessed that this would
occur in the year 2022 or later.[11] However, many parts of the specification are stable and may be implemented in
products:
Some sections are already relatively stable and there are implementations that are already quite close to
completion, and those features can be used today (e.g. <canvas>).
– WHAT Working Group, When will HTML5 be finished?[10] , FAQ
HTML5 2

Markup
HTML

• HTML and HTML5

• Dynamic HTML
• XHTML
• XHTML Mobile Profile and C-HTML
• Canvas element
• Character encodings
• Document Object Model
• Font family
• HTML editor
• HTML element
• HTML Frames
• HTML5 video
• HTML scripting
• Web browser engine
• Quirks mode
• Style sheets
• Unicode and HTML
• W3C and WHATWG
• Web colors
• WebGL
• Web Storage
• Comparison of
• document markup languages
• web browsers
• layout engines for
• HTML
• HTML5
• HTML5 Canvas
• HTML5 Media
• Non-standard HTML
• XHTML

HTML5 introduces a number of new elements and attributes that reflect typical usage on modern websites. Some of
them are semantic replacements for common uses of generic block (<div>) and inline (<span>) elements, for
example <nav> (website navigation block) and <footer> (usually referring to bottom of web page or to last lines of
html code). Other elements provide new functionality through a standardized interface, such as the multimedia
elements <audio> and <video>.[12] [13] [14] Some deprecated elements from HTML 4.01 have been dropped,
including purely presentational elements such as <font> and <center>, whose effects are achieved using Cascading
Style Sheets. There is also a renewed emphasis on the importance of DOM scripting (e.g., JavaScript) in Web
HTML5 3

behavior.
The HTML5 syntax is no longer based on SGML despite the similarity of its markup. It has, however, been designed
to be backward compatible with common parsing of older versions of HTML. It comes with a new introductory line
that looks like an SGML document type declaration, <!DOCTYPE html>, which enables standards-compliant
rendering in all browsers that use "DOCTYPE sniffing".[15] HTML5 also incorporates Web Forms 2.0, another
WHATWG specification.

New APIs
In addition to specifying markup, HTML5 specifies scripting application programming interfaces (APIs).[16]
Existing document object model (DOM) interfaces are extended and de facto features documented. There are also
new APIs, such as:
• The canvas element for immediate mode 2D drawing. See Canvas 2D API Specification 1.0 specification[17]
• Timed media playback
• Offline storage database (offline web applications). See Web Storage[18]
• Document editing
• Drag-and-drop
• Cross-document messaging[19]
• Browser history management
• MIME type and protocol handler registration.
• Microdata
Not all of the above technologies are included in the W3C HTML5 specification, though they are in the WHATWG
HTML specification.[20] Some related technologies, which are not part of either the W3C HTML5 or the WHATWG
HTML specification, are
• Geolocation
• Web SQL Database, a local SQL Database.[21]
• The Indexed Database API, a indexed hierarchical key-value store (formerly WebSimpleDB).[22]
The W3C publishes specifications for these separately.

Differences from HTML 4.01 and XHTML 1.x

The following is a cursory list of differences and some specific examples.
• New parsing rules: oriented towards flexible parsing and compatibility; not based on SGML
• Ability to use inline SVG and MathML in text/html
• New elements: article, aside, audio, canvas, command, datalist, details, embed, figcaption, figure, footer, header,
hgroup, keygen, mark, meter, nav, output, progress, rp, rt, ruby, section, source, summary, time, video, wbr
• New types of form controls: dates and times, email, url, search, color[23]
• New attributes: charset (on meta), async (on script)
• Global attributes (that can be applied for every element): id, tabindex, hidden, data-* (custom data attributes)
• Deprecated elements will be dropped altogether: acronym, applet, basefont, big, center, dir, font, frame, frameset,
isindex, noframes, s, strike, tt, u
dev.w3.org provides the latest Editors Draft (last dated 19 September 2010) of HTML5 differences from HTML4
[24] [25]
, which provides a complete outline of additions, removals and changes between HTML5.
HTML5 4

XHTML5
Filename extension .xhtml, .xht,
.xml, .html, .htm

Internet media type application/xhtml+xml

Developed by World Wide Web Consortium, WHATWG

Initial release 26 January 2000

Latest release 5

Type of format Markup language

Extended from XML, HTML5

Standard(s) [26]
5 (Working Draft) ,

XHTML5 is the XML serialisation of HTML5. XML documents must be served with an XML MIME type such as
application/xhtml+xml or application/xml.[27] XHTML5 requires XML’s strict, well-formed syntax. In XHTML5 the
HTML5 doctype html is optional and may simply be omitted[28] .

Error handling
An HTML5 (text/html) browser will be flexible in handling incorrect syntax. HTML5 is designed so that old
browsers can safely ignore new HTML5 constructs. In contrast to HTML 4.01, the HTML5 specification gives
detailed rules for lexing and parsing, with the intent that different compliant browsers will produce the same result in
the case of incorrect syntax.[29] Although HTML5 now defines a consistent behavior for "tag soup" documents, those
documents are not regarded as conforming to the HTML5 standard.[29]

See also
• HTML5 video
• Comparison of layout engines (HTML5)
• Microdata (HTML5)
• HTTP(P2P)
• CSS 3

References
[1] http:/ / www. whatwg. org/ specs/ web-apps/ current-work/ multipage/
[2] http:/ / dev. w3. org/ html5/ spec/ spec. html
[3] "[whatwg] WHAT open mailing list announcement" (http:/ / lists. whatwg. org/ htdig. cgi/ whatwg-whatwg. org/ 2004-June/ 000005. html).
Lists.whatwg.org. . Retrieved 2010-03-04.
[4] "HTML 5: A vocabulary and associated APIs for HTML and XHTML (Editor's Draft)." (http:/ / dev. w3. org/ html5/ spec/ ). World Wide
Web Consortium. . Retrieved 2010-04-12.
[5] "HTML 5: A vocabulary and associated APIs for HTML and XHTML." (http:/ / www. w3. org/ TR/ html5/ ). World Wide Web Consortium. .
Retrieved 2009-01-28.
[6] "When will HTML5 be finished?" (http:/ / wiki. whatwg. org/ wiki/ FAQ#When_will_HTML5_be_finished. 3F). WHATWG. WHATWG
Wiki. . Retrieved 2009-09-10.
[7] "HTML Working Group" (http:/ / www. w3. org/ 2007/ 03/ HTML-WG-charter. html#deliverables). W3.org. . Retrieved 2010-03-04.
[8] "HTML 5" (http:/ / www. w3. org/ TR/ html5/ ). W3.org. 2009-08-25. . Retrieved 2010-03-04.
[9] "[whatwg] HTML5 at Last Call (at the WHATWG)" (http:/ / lists. whatwg. org/ pipermail/ whatwg-whatwg. org/ 2009-October/ 023849.
html). Lists.whatwg.org. . Retrieved 2010-03-04.
[10] "When will HTML5 be finished?" (http:/ / wiki. whatwg. org/ wiki/ FAQ#When_will_HTML5_be_finished. 3F). FAQ. WHAT Working
Group. . Retrieved 2009-11-29.
HTML5 5

[11] "HTML 5 Editor Ian Hickson discusses features, pain points, adoption rate, and more" (http:/ / blogs. techrepublic. com. com/
programming-and-development/ ?p=718). . Retrieved 2010-06-21.
[12] Introduction to HTML5 video (http:/ / dev. opera. com/ articles/ view/ introduction-html5-video/ )
[13] IBM Developer Works New elements in HTML5: Structure and semantics (http:/ / www. ibm. com/ developerworks/ library/ x-html5/
?ca=dgr-lnxw01NewHTML)
[14] ICAMD.org Finalcut Silverlight Films that Videographers share Quicktime in a Flash : Video on the Web using HTML5 and other Codecs
(http:/ / www. amazon. com/ Finalcut-Silverlight-Videographers-Quicktime-ebook/ dp/ B003H05Q18/ ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&
m=AG56TWVU5XWC2& s=books& qid=1275670456& sr=8-1)
[15] InstantShift (http:/ / www. instantshift. com/ 2010/ 04/ 26/ html5-worth-the-hype/ ) HTML5: Worth the Hype?
[16] HTML5 differences from HTML4 – APIs (http:/ / www. w3. org/ html/ wg/ html5/ diff/ #apis) W3.org
[17] Canvas 2D API Specification 1.0 (http:/ / dev. w3. org/ html5/ canvas-api/ canvas-2d-api. html) W3.org
[18] Web Storage Specification (http:/ / dev. w3. org/ html5/ webstorage/ ) W3.org
[19] HTML5 Web Messaging (http:/ / dev. w3. org/ html5/ postmsg/ ) W3.org
[20] http:/ / www. whatwg. org/ html/ #is-this-html5?
[21] Web SQL Database (http:/ / dev. w3. org/ html5/ webdatabase/ ) W3.org
[22] Indexed Database (http:/ / www. w3. org/ TR/ IndexedDB/ ) W3.org
[23] "HTML5: input type=color – color-well control (NEW)" (http:/ / dev. w3. org/ html5/ markup/ input. color. html). w3.org. . Retrieved
2010-08-06.
[24] http:/ / dev. w3. org/ html5/ html4-differences/
[25] "HTML5 differences from HTML4" (http:/ / dev. w3. org/ html5/ html4-differences/ ). FAQ. W3.org. 2010-06-10. . Retrieved 2010-06-13.
[26] http:/ / www. w3. org/ TR/ html5/
[27] Anne, van Kesteren. "HTML5 differences from HTML4 - W3C Working Draft 19 October 2010" (http:/ / dev. w3. org/ html5/
html4-differences/ #syntax). W3C. . Retrieved 2 November 2010.
[28] "The XHTML syntax ― HTML5" (http:/ / www. whatwg. org/ specs/ web-apps/ current-work/ multipage/ the-xhtml-syntax.
html#writing-xhtml-documents). Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group. . Retrieved 2009-09-01.
[29] "FAQ – WHATWG Wiki" (http:/ / wiki. whatwg. org/ wiki/ FAQ#Why_does_HTML5_legitimise_tag_soup. 3F). WHATWG. . Retrieved
2008-02-25.

Further reading
• Sneath, Tim (2010-10-03). "HTML5: A Specification or a Platform?" (http://blogs.msdn.com/b/tims/archive/
2010/10/03/html5-a-specification-or-a-platform.aspx). Musings of a Client Platform Guy. Microsoft
Corporation. Retrieved 2010-10-18.
• Crowther, Rob (2011-05-11). "Hello! HTML5 and CSS3" (http://www.manning.com/crowther/). Manning
Publications. Retrieved 2010-10-18.
• Khan, Saud (2010-05-07). "HTML5 Unleashed: Tips, Tricks and Techniques" (http://www.w3avenue.com/
2010/05/07/html5-unleashed-tips-tricks-and-techniques/). W3Avenue. Retrieved 2010-10-18.

External links
• WHAT Working Group (http://www.whatwg.org/) and Editor's draft (http://www.whatwg.org/specs/
web-apps/current-work/multipage/)
• W3C HTML Working Group (http://www.w3.org/html/wg/) and Editor's draft (http://dev.w3.org/html5/
spec/spec.html)
• W3C HTML 5: The Markup Language (http://dev.w3.org/html5/markup/) and HTML 5 Reference (http://
dev.w3.org/html5/html-author/)
• W3C HTML Design Principles (http://dev.w3.org/html5/html-design-principles/)
• W3C HTML5 differences from HTML4 (http://dev.w3.org/html5/html4-differences/)
• Compatibility tables for features in HTML5, CSS3, SVG and other upcoming web technologies (http://a.
deveria.com/caniuse/)
• HTML5 demo (http://apirocks.com/html5/html5.html)
• HTML5 Quick Reference Guide (http://veign.com/reference/html5-guide.php)
• HTML5 test for your browser (http://html5test.com)
Article Sources and Contributors 6

Article Sources and Contributors

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Anomalocaris, Anon1345, Anym, AoV2, Armando82, Artichoker, Artw, Aubray1741, Azuris, Bandito4u, Bangsanegara, Barkermn01, Bender235, Bhny, Bitbit, BradNeuberg, Brianski, Canley,
Captbalbo, Causa sui, Centrx, Cfust, Ciantic, Clairvoyant walrus, CloudNine, CodeCaster, Coffee, Cogiati, Colejohnson66, CortlandKlein, Crissov, CyberSkull, D'oh!, Danchr, Darklilac, Darxus,
Data2action, David Gerard, Debresser, Deon, Digisus, Doctor Nick, Dog786, Dogru144, Dolphin51, Domokato, Dr. Elwin Ransom, Emurphy42, Erikdw, Eville84, Eyewax, Famous anus,
FatalError, Favonian, Fenring, Fijiwebdesign, Filemon, FleetCommand, Flying sheep, FreedomCultist, Fudoreaper, Gaia Octavia Agrippa, Gareth Aus, Giftlite, Glenn, Graeme Bartlett,
Grasshoppa, Grawity, GregU, GregorB, Grosshat, Grshiplett, Gyrobo, H3llbringer, Hairy Dude, Hankwang, Happy-melon, Hexene, Hkdobrev, Hondarox715, Hoo man, Hsivonen, Html5,
Html5cn, Indefatigable, Itpastorn, JHMM13, JJC1138, JLaTondre, Jackdrogba, Jamesrdf, Jay, Jeremy Visser, Jerryobject, Jetrink, Jleedev, Johnadowell, Jonathantneal, Jonsteroo, Jrincayc,
Julesd, Kalki101, KarlDubost, Keithjgrant, Kocio, KohanX, L Kensington, LLarson, Lachlan Hunt, Le Sage, Leinad, Luckyz, MC10, MER-C, Mabdul, Macan55, Macromediax, Madsenfr,
Mange01, Manop, MartinRinehart, Matt Darby, MattCuts, Mdagr8, Mdale, Melnakeeb, Meow, Michael Devore, Mikldt, Mindmatrix, Mmj, Motherlover2012, Ms2ger, Nakakapagpabagabag,
NerdyNSK, Neustradamus, NewEnglandYankee, Nick UA, Nickshanks, Nigelj, Nil Einne, Nogburt, Nopetro, Notetp, Noz92, Nthep, Nunojpg, Oliphaunt, Oneiros, Onorem, Orange Suede Sofa,
OzuYatamutsu, PatrickFisher, Pauldwaite, Peterdx, Phatom87, Philwiki, Pingveno, Pwjb, Quatermass, RW Marloe, Reisio, Resistor, Rodmoten, RoyBoy, RoySmith, Rugops, Runecats, Rursus,
Rwxrwxrwx, SamJohnston, Saoshyant, Scientus, Simetrical, Sligocki, Snookerman, Sogle, Songcycle, SoopahMan, Spidermario, SqueakBox, Srinivasasha, Station1, Stemonitis, Stephen B
Streater, StevenDH, Subversive.sound, Tentonbricks, The Anome, Thue, Thumperward, Thyako, Tms, Todd Vierling, TommmL, Tommy2010, Ubernostrum, Ultimatewisdom, Urashimataro,
Vdavid2, Vicsar4, Vivekanandanpdy, Volox, Webmaren, Wiikipedian, Wikipincompk, Willscrlt, Winterheat, Xyz98711, Zcorpan, 307 anonymous edits

Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors

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