Automated SQL Server 2017

Installation and Configuration

Using PowerShell
http://sqlsaturday.com/705/
Richmond SQL Server Users Group

http://rva.sqlpass.org/

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Everything you may (or may not) want to know about me.

Systems & Database Engineer

Masters of Science in Computer Information Systems

Sys Admin in Brisbane, Australia

SQL Community
Agenda
• SQL Server (setup)
• PowerShell Basics
Syntax
Commandlets
• Creating PowerShell Scripts
• Scripts 101
Prepare OS & install SQL
Post install configurations
 Installation
&
Configuration
of
SQL Server
(what we’re trying to do…)
SQL Server Setup

Question:

What should go into all of your SQL installs?

Answer:
Umm….
Let me go find that Checklist.
SQL Setup Checklist
Requirements for SQL installs
• .NET 4.6 feature Automatic install for Win2016/SQL2016+
• SQL configuration file (for unattended installs)
• C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\...\ConfigurationFile.ini
• Service Accouts (MSA SQL2012)  gMSA supported in SQL2016
• Firewall exceptions
Port Use
TCP 1433 Database Engine default install
UDP 1434 SQL Server Browser Service
TCP 1434 Dedicated Admin Connection (DAC)
TCP 80 & 443 HTTP/HTTPS for SSRS
TCP 139 & 445 SQL Filestream & Filetables
TCP 2383 Analysis Services
TCP 135 MS Distributed Transaction Coordinator
SQL Setup Checklist cont.
Post Install Configurations
• Add Admin Users/Groups  • Alerts
• Rename the SA account • Severity 19-25
• Service Provider Name (SPN) • ID 18456 - Login Error
• Operators • ID 15247 - Permission Error
• Enable the SQL Agent service  • ID 9002 - Log Full
• DBMail • ID 825 - Disk I/O Error
• Instant File Initialization (IFI)  • Low disk space
• Enable CLR • Maintenance Jobs
• Import Custom SQL procedures • Backups
• Create Linked Servers • Reindex
• Audit to Server Security Log • CheckDB
• Add TempDB files  FREE Maintenance Solutions
• Management Policies (PBM) http://minionware.net
• Encryption Certificates http://ola.hallengren.com
 SQL 2016 ConfigurationFile.ini
SQL Server Setup Times

• Manual Installation (1-6 hours)

• Scripted Installation (20 min)

Prerequisites & SQL installation (~15 min)
Post-install configuration (~5 min)
about PowerShell…

• aka PoSh or PS
• Shell and Integrated Scripting Environment
(ISE)

• SQL Server module for PowerShell

SQLPS
SQL Server (2008-2014)
SQLSERVER
SQL Server 2016+ & SSMS July 2016 release
PowerShell Versions
PS Windows SQL PS SQL SSMS SQL PS
v1 2008 SQLPS 2008 2008 SQLPS
mini-shell
2008 R2 2008 R2 SQLPS
v2 2008 R2 SQLPS
7 2012 2012 SQLPS
v3 2012 SQLPS 2012 R2 2012 R2 SQLPS
8 2014 2014 SQLPS
v4 2012 R2 SQLPS 2016 16.3 – SqlServer 20
8.1 SqlServer 20 16.5
v5 2016 SqlServer 21 2017 17.0 – SqlServer 21
PS Gallery
10 PS Gallery 17.3
Powershell Basics:
Syntax:
$xxxxxxx – variable name
[string]$xxxx - variable with string data type
“ (double quote) - string expands/replaces variables
‘ (single quote) - literal string (does not expand variables)
@” - here string (multi-line string w/ variable replacement)
# - comment out remainder of line
` (back tick) - escape character
{} - script block
$_ - current object (iterative loops, ForEach)
Powershell Basics: (cont.)
Commandlets: (Verb-noun naming convention)
Set-ExecutionPolicy [Restricted, AllSigned, RemoteSigned, Unrestricted]
Enable-PSRemoting –force
Import-Module [ServerManager, SQLPS, SQLSERVER]
Invoke-Command -Computername -ScriptBlock {}
Invoke-Sqlcmd -ServerInstance [-Query or -InputFile]
Invoke-Expression [$variable]
Start-Process
Write-Output
Powershell Comparators:
SQL PowerShell SQL
= or <> -eq or -ne IF (@variable = 15)
BEGIN
> or < -gt or -lt Do this
>= or <= -ge or -le END
LIKE -like
NOT LIKE -notlike PowerShell
IF ($variable -eq 15) {
IS NULL !$variable
Do this
-contains }
Powershell Scripts:
• .ps1 (script)
• .psm1 (script module), .psd1 (manifest file), .ps1xml (formatting file)
• Double-click <> Execute
.\script.ps1 -ServerName “SQL01” -Path “C:\temp”
• Set-ExecutionPolicy to allow unsigned scripts to be run
• Parameters
Param ([string]$ServerName = “.”,
[string]$Path = “C:\”)
Creating PowerShell Scripts:
Design Considerations
Execute script(s) locally or remote?
• Locally – copy script(s) to server
• Remote – run script(s) from a single repository
Single Script or Script Set?
• Single - 1 big script containing all configuration items
• Set - 1 primary script that calls sub scripts
Script Users
• Internal use – doesn’t have to be PERFECT, document for usability
• External use – better documentation, allow for env variablility
Script Examples

12 PowerShell constructs to
automate your SQL Server
Installation & Configuration
Installing SQL Server:
Install .NET Feature
Import-Module ServerManager;
# Get Windows Server Version
$WindowsVersion = [environment]::OSVersion.Version

# Add .NET 3.5 to Windows Server 2008R2 and earlier

If (($WindowsVersion.Major -eq 6) -And ($WindowsVersion.Minor -lt 2)) {
Add-WindowsFeature AS-Net-Framework;}
# Add .NET 3.5 to Windows Server 2012 and 2012R2
If (($WindowsVersion.Major -eq 6) -And ($WindowsVersion.Minor -ge 2)) {
Add-WindowsFeature Net-Framework-Core;}
# Add .NET 4.6 to Windows Server 2016
If ($WindowsVersion.Major -eq 10) {
Add-WindowsFeature Net-Framework-45-Core;}
Note: Install media location option -Source D:\Sources\SxS\
Installing SQL Server:
Create Directories
New-Item -ItemType directory -Path E:\SQL
New-Item -ItemType directory -Path F:\SQL_Data
New-Item -ItemType directory -Path G:\SQL_Logs

Open Firewall Ports

netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="SQL Instances"
dir=in action=allow protocol=TCP localport=1433;

Run SQL install as administrator, specifying config file

$install = 'Start-Process -verb runas -FilePath "' +
$SQLInstaller + '" -ArgumentList /ConfigurationFile="' +
$ScriptPath + '\Config_Scripts\ConfigurationFile.ini" -
Wait';

Invoke-Expression $install;
Configuring SQL Server:
Import SQL PowerShell Module
SQL Server 2012-2014
Import-Module SQLPS -DisableNameChecking;

SQL Server 2016 & 2017*

Import-Module Sqlserver -DisableNameChecking;

Set Script Parameters

Param ([string]$SQLServer = ".",
[string]$SQLInstaller = "D:\setup.exe",
[switch]$CreateMSA = $True,
[string]$ScriptPath = $PSScriptRoot
)
* SSMS & PowerShell modules separated as of 2017.
Configuring SQL Server: (cont.)
Execute SQL Query (single line)
Invoke-Sqlcmd -ServerInstance $SQLServer
-Query "CREATE DATABASE [Mgmt];";

Execute SQL Query (multi-line ‘here’ string)

$query = @"
EXEC sys.sp_configure N'contained database
authentication', N'1'
GO
RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE;
"@;

Invoke-Sqlcmd -ServerInstance $SQLServer

-Query $query;
Configuring SQL Server: (cont.)
Execute SQL Script File
Invoke-Sqlcmd -ServerInstance $SQLServer -InputFile
"$ScriptPath\Alerts_Triggers.sql";

Execute Multiple SQL Script Files In Order

$ScriptList = Get-Content InstallOrder.txt;
$ScriptList | %{
$currScript = $_;
Invoke-Sqlcmd -ServerInstance $SQLServer
-InputFile $currScript;
}

Execute PowerShell Script File

./PowerShellScript.ps1 -Parameter1 "Value"
-Parameter2 $variable;
Configuring SQL Server: (cont.)
SQL Server Management Objects (SMO)
A collection of objects that are designed for programming all
aspects of Microsoft SQL Server.
$SQLMem = new-object
('Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server') $SQLServer

$SQLMem.Configuration.MaxServerMemory.ConfigValue = 20480;
$SQLMem.Configuration.MinServerMemory.ConfigValue = 10240;
$SQLMem.Configuration.NetworkPacketSize.ConfigValue = 1500;
$SQLMem.Configuration.OptimizeAdhocWorkloads.ConfigValue = 1;

$SQLMem.Alter();

Microsoft SMO Programming Guide

http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms162169.aspx
Additional Resources:

SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS)

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/ssms/download-sql-server-
management-studio-ssms

SQL Server PowerShell Module

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/ssms/download-sql-server-
ps-module

PowerShell Gallery
https://www.powershellgallery.com/
Additional Resources:

http://powershell.sqlpass.org/

SQL Server 2012 with PowerShell V3 Cookbook

by Donabel Santos
Demo Scripts:
Questions?