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CC Calculus Chapter 7 Answers PDF

This document contains sample problems and solutions for calculus concepts involving inverse functions, exponential and logarithmic functions, derivatives of exponential and logarithmic functions, integrals of exponential and logarithmic functions, exponential growth and decay, and inverse trigonometric functions. It provides worked examples of key calculus skills like taking derivatives, evaluating integrals, and applying inverse functions.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
328 views19 pages

CC Calculus Chapter 7 Answers PDF

This document contains sample problems and solutions for calculus concepts involving inverse functions, exponential and logarithmic functions, derivatives of exponential and logarithmic functions, integrals of exponential and logarithmic functions, exponential growth and decay, and inverse trigonometric functions. It provides worked examples of key calculus skills like taking derivatives, evaluating integrals, and applying inverse functions.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Calculus Concept Collection - Chapter 7

Inverse Functions

Answers

x 1
1. f 1 ( x) 
3
2. x3
3. 3x  1
4. Function has an inverse.
5. Function does not have an inverse.
6. Function does not have an inverse.
x 1
7.
2
x 1
8.
2
9. f ( x)  2( x  5)  0 on x  5.
10. f ( x)   sin x , which is negative on the interval in question, so f ( x) is monotonically
decreasing.
7x 1 7
11. f 1 ( x)   ; domain x  2 , range y  
3x  6 3
1
12. f ( x)  x  4  2 ; domain x  4 , range y  2
5x 13 5
13. f 1 ( x)  ; domain x  , range y 
11x  13 11 11
1
14. f ( x)  ( x  2) ; domain: all real, range: all real
1/7

2
 1 x 
15. f 1 ( x)    ; domain x  1 and x  1 ; range y  0 and y  1
 1 x 
Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

Answers
1. x  3

2. x  ln3
3. x 8
4. x  e5/2
5. x  0.757
6. x  ln2 and x  ln5
7. x2
8. x  3e2
 1 
9. x  2 1  y /5 
 10 
3  y
10. x   ln  
2 3
3
11. x 
7
3e7  1
12. x 
2
log 5 log 5
13. x  
2 log 6  log 5 log 36
5
137
14. x 
6
1 1
15. x   ; log(2x  7)  log 3  log(x  1)  2x2  9x  7  3, or x   ,  4 , but x  4 is
2 2
extraneous (is not a solution to the original equation).
Derivatives of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

Answers

2 5
1. y'  , x
ln 7 (2 x  5) 2
1
2. y '  , x0
ln10 x log 2 x
5
3. y '  , x  4
ln10 ( x  4) log 2 ( x  4)
6(ln x)2 12ln x
4. y  log 2 x 2 log5 x3  ; then y ' 
ln 2 ln 5 x ln 2 ln 5
cos x
5. y'   cot x , x  n ( n an integer)
sin x
15cos2 5 x sin 5 x 
6. y'  3
 15 tan 5 x , 5 x  n ( n an odd integer)
cos 5 x 2
1
7. y'  , x0
x( x  1)
cos(ln x) cot(ln x)
8. y'   , x  n ( n an integer)
x sin(ln x) x
9. y  6e6 x
3 2 x2 6
10. y  (9 x 2  4 x)e3 x
2 4
11. y '  (2 x  6 x2 )e3 x ; extrema at (0, 0), ( ,
) ; y ''  (9 x2  12 x  2)e3 x , and
3 9e2
2
for x  0 , y "  0 means a local minimum; and for x  , y "  0 means a maximum.
3
4
12. y  x
(e  e  x ) 2
13. y  e x cot e x csc e x , e x  n or x  ln(n ) with n a positive integer.

log( x) ln( x) 1 1  x ln x   x
14. a. y   so that y '  e :
e x
ln10 e x
ln10  x 
1 1  x ln x   x
b. Extrema are located where y '  0 
ln10   e , i.e., where x ln x 1  0 .
x 
A calculator can be used to show x  1.7632 .

2  1 
15. y '  e x  2 x 2 ln    1
  x 
Integrals of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

Answers

1.
 4e dx  4e  C
x x

2.
 2e dx  e  C
2 x 3 2 x 3

3x2

 3x2 5
3. 5 dx  C
3ln 5
4.
 (7e  2)dx  7e  2x  C
x x

(1  3e )

x 6
5. e (1  3e ) dx 
x x 5
C
18
(1  5 )  1 (1  5 ) 

x 4 x
6. 5 (1  5 )(1  5 ) dx 
x x x 6
  C
ln 5  2 5 
7. e x  C
8. 2e x /2  C
1
9. ln | 4 x 2  6 x  7 | C
2
10. ln | e x  e x | C
11. ln 2
21
12. ln
13
13. ln ln x
e /2  /2

 
dx 4cos(ln x)
14. Use u  ln x, du  : dx  4cos(u )du  4[sin( / 2)  sin(0)]  4 .
x 1 x 0

ln x  5 ln x  2
 x(ln x  4ln x  4)dx   x(ln x  2) dx   x(ln x  2) dx ; let u  ln x  2 , du  x
3 dx
15. 2 2 2
.

ln x  5
 x(ln x  4ln x  4)  u  u
1 3 3
dx  du  du  ln[ ln x  2 ]   C , ln x  2
2
ln x  2
2
Exponential Growth and Decay

Answers

1. 2 Parts:
a. 298.1 million
b. 2067
2. Hint: use A1  Ce 1
kt

3. TBS
4. 14.4 C
5. 324 seconds, or about five and a half more minutes.
6. 7 grams
7. 2 Parts:
a. 10 W/m2
b. 63 dB
8. 30 dB
9. 93 dB
10. If P3 is the population 3 years ago, then 50000  P3 (1  0.05)5 ; P3  39,176 people.
14/T
1
11. 20  25   where T is the half-life in days; T  43.5 days.
2
12. V  $10000 (1  0.065)5  $7146
13. R  4  I  104 ; R  7.9  I  107.9  7.943 107 ; The larger earthquake has an intensity
7943 times the smaller earthquake.
14. t  8 days
nt ( n / r ) rt
 r  1 
15. lim A  P lim 1    P lim 1  ;
n n  n n  n / r 
rt rt
n  1 
( n / r ) rt  1  x    1 
x
Let x  , then P lim 1   P lim 1     P  lim 1     Pert .
r n  n / r  x  
 x    x  x  
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Answers

1. sin 1 0  0

2. arccos(1)  


3. tan 1 (1)  
4

5
4. cot 1 ( 3) 
6


5. arc csc(2)  
6

2 3 
6. sec1 
3 6

2 
7. arcsin( )
2 4

1 3
8. sin(arccos ) 
4 4

3 7
9. tan(arccos ) 
4 3

3 3 3
10. sin(tan 1 ) 
2 13

15 15 161
11. sec(csc1  )
8 161

2 5
12. cos(sin 1 ) 
3 3

3 3 13
13. sin(tan 1 ) 
2 13

15 17
14. sec(cot 1  )
8 15
5 12
15. tan(cos 1  )
13 5
Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Answers

2
1.
x x4  1
1
2.
(1  x )(tan 1 x)2
2

1
3. 
1
(cos x) 1  x 2
4e4 x
4.
1  e8 x
x  2 x ln x
5.
1  x 4 (ln x)2
1 3x 2
6. 6 x tan x 
1  x2
1
7.
2 x(1  2 x)
6t 2
8.
1  4t 6
2t
9.
1 t4
6t 2
10. cot 1 (1  3t 2 ) 
1  (1  3t 2 )2
t2
11.
(1  t 2 )3/2
( y 2  1)
12.
y4  y2 1
d 1 2
13. (sin 1 x  2 tan 1 x)    0  x 4  6 x 2  3  0 ; Use of Descarte’s rule
1 x 1 x
2
dx 2

indicates there is 1 positive root, 1 negative root, and 2 complex roots. The two real roots
are x  3  2 3  0.68,  3  2 3  0.68 , with f (0.68)  0.45 (a maximum) and
f (0.68)  0.45 (a minimum).

Figure 7.7.2
1
14.
1  x2
e arcsin x 2 xe arcsin x
1  x2 
d  e arcsin x  1  x2 2 1  x2  1  x  x
2
15.  0
 
3/2
dx  1  x 2  1  x2 1  x2
2
Now, 1  x2  x  0  x   ; but x  0 is a constraint to satisfy the equation.
2
dy 2 dy 2
Checking the derivative:  0 for x  and  0 for x  .
dx 2 dx 2
 2
 2   0.645
Therefore f  is a maximum for the function.
 

Figure 7.7.3
Integrals Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Answers

 x
1. sin 1    C
3
2.  / 6
1
3. ln( x 2  1)  3tan 1 x  C
2
4.  ln 2
5. 1  2 2
6. sec1 x  C
5 4
7. ln(9 x 2  1)  tan 1 3x  C
18 3
 2
3/2
8. tan 1 2 x 
2 0 6
1  7e
2x 
7
9. tan    C
14  7 
10. 3tan 1  x  4   C TBS
2
1 x 2
11. sin  sin 1  0.73
30 3
x2 x
  
x 2
12. dx  dx   4  x 2  2sin 1    C
dx 
4 x 2
4 x 4 x 2 2
2

 3x 
  
3x5 3 3 du 3
13. dx   3x  4  dx  x 2    x 2  tan 1 ( x 2 )   C
x 1
4
 x 1  2 2 u 1 2
2

2 
  
5e x 5 ex 5 1 9 5
14. dx  dx  du  sin 1  e x   C
81  4e2 x 9 2 
2 9 1 u2 2 2 9 
1   ex 
9 
2x  5 2x  4  2( x  2 
  
9 9 2
dx  dx  dx  ln(x 2  4 x  6)  tan 1    C
x  4x  6
2
x  4x  6
2
( x  2)  2
2
2  2 
15.
Hyperbolic Functions

Answers

1. 0

2. 1

3. 0

4
4.
3

5
5.
4

 d   15 
6. L  2h sinh    2 6sinh    12sinh(1.25)  19.2 meters
 2h  2 6

7. x  ln(5)

8. x  ln(2)

9. 3sinh x  cosh x  1  3tanh x 1  sech x ;

Square both sides and expand: (3tanh x  1)2  sech 2 x  1  tanh 2 x  9 tanh 2 x  6 tanh x  1 ;

3
2 tanh x(5tanh x  3)  0  tanh x  0 or tanh x  ; tanh x  0  x  0 , but does not work!
5

3
tanh x   x  ln(2) , which works!
5

Solution is: x  ln(2) .

e x  e x e x  e x
10. sinh x   tan y means cosh x   1  sinh 2 x  1  tan 2 y  sec y
2 2

sinh x  cosh x  e x  tan y  sec y means x  ln(sec y  tan y) .

1 1 4
11. sech x   
cosh x 5 / 4 5
5
12. coth x 
4

2
 7  25
13. cosh x   1     
 24  24

cosh 2 x  1
14. cosh 2 x  11.5 , using cosh 2 x   cosh 2 x  2cosh 2 x  1
2

15. csch x   coth 2 x  1   8  2 2 ; choose negative because coth x  0


Derivatives and Integrals of Hyperbolic Functions

Answers

1. 12 x2 cosh 4 x3

2 x sinh x sinh x 2  cosh x cosh x 2


2.
2sinh 2 x

3. 8sinh 4 x cosh 4 x

4. 3cosh 3x  2sinh( x  7)

5. 6cosh 3x sinh 3x

6. sech x  sech x tanh x  sech x  sech x (1  sech x)  sech x[2sech x  1]


3 2 3 2 2

6  2 
7. csch 2  
( x  1)  x 1 
2

cosh 6 x
8. C
12

1 sinh 2 x 
9. x C
2 2 

e3 x  e3 x
10.
 4 tanh 3x dx  4
 e e
3x 3 x 
dx  4
1 du 4
u 3 3
 
4
 ln e3 x  e3 x  C  ln  2cosh 3x 
3


4 4
4 tanh 3x dx  ln  cosh 3x   ln  2   C  ln  cosh 3x   C
3 3

1
11. tanh x  C
4

12. x  coth x  C

13. sinh 2 x  2 x  C

1  x2 
14.   ln x   C
2 2 
  
1 csch 3x
15. cosh 3x csch 2 3xdx  cosh 3x 2
dx  coth 3x csch3xdx   C
sinh 3x 3
Inverse Hyperbolic Functions

Answers

 
ln  x  1 x 2 
 
 ln  x  1 x 2 
x  
1  x2 
1

  e
   
1. sinh ln  x  1  x 2  
e
 x  1  x2  2 x  x
  2 2 2

2. sinh 1 0  0

3. cosh 1 0 does not exist, because the domain of cosh 1 x is x  1.

4. tanh 1 0  0


5. sinh 1 2  ln 2  5 
6. cosh 1 1  0

1 1
7. tanh 1  ln 3
2 2

1 e 1
8. x  coth 
2 e 1

1 1 2 e
9. x  csch 
3 2 3(e  1)

cosh1 e2  1
10. x  
4 8e

 1 ln 3
11. 2sinh x  cosh x  0  2 tanh x  1 , or x  tanh 1      .
 2 2

sinh x 5
12. 3tanh x  5sech x  5  3   5  3sinh x  5  5 1  sinh 2 x
cosh x cosh x

The above is simplified to (8sinh x  15)sinh x  0 , so that

 15 
x  sinh 1    ln  4   1.39 , or x  sinh 1 (0)  0 ;
8
 x5 1
13. y  2  tanh   is a one-to-one function. The inverse is y  3tanh ( x  2)  5 where
 3 
x 1.

14. y  sinh( x 2 ) is symmetric about the y-axis, line x  0 , and is therefore not one-to-one. It
can be made one-to-one by restricting the domain to x  0 . In this case, the inverse
function is y  sinh 1 x , where x  0 .

15. y  sinh 2 ( x  4)  3 is symmetric about the line x  4 , and is therefore not one-to-one. It
can be made one-to-one by restricting the domain to x  4 . In this case, the inverse
function is y  4  sinh 1 x  3 , where the domain is restricted to x  3 .
Derivatives and Integrals Involving Inverse Hyperbolic
Functions

Answers

d 8
1. sinh 1 8 x 
dx 1  64 x 2

d 14 x
2. cosh 1 7 x 2  for 7 x  1
dx 49 x 2  1

d 6x
3. x(tanh 1 3x)2  (tanh 1 3x)2  tanh 1 3x for 3x  1
dx 1  9x 2

d  csc x cot x
4. cosh 1 (csc x)    csc x
dx csc x 2  1

d  sin x
5. tanh 1 (cos x)   csxx for cos x  1
dx 1  cos2 x

d 2 x  3 
6. e cosh 1 3x   e2 x   2cosh 1
3 x  for 3x  1
dx  
 9 x 2  1 

d 1 1 x2
7. sech 1 ( 3  x )   for 2  x  3
dx 3  x 1  (3  x) 2 3  x ( x  3)( x  2)

b
8. Using the u-substitution u  x results in:
a
b 
   
Adx A dx Aa du A du A
    cosh 1  x   C
b2 x 2  a 2 a b 
2 ab u2 1 b u2 1 b a 
 x   1
a 

 x 1  9x
4
9. dx   4csch 1  3x   C
2

 sinh x 2 
1  sinh
x  sinh x 

cosh x 
10. dx  cosh    C  ln     1  C
sinh 2 x  9  3   3  3  
 
 1 2
1  2 x 

2
2x 1 1 x 1
11.     1   C with x  2 .
2
dx tanh ( ) C ln
4 x 4
2 2 4 1  x 2
 2 

 2 
 ( x 1) 
3 3 3
12. dx  dx   csch 1  ( x  1)   C
2 x2  4 x  6 ( x  1) 2[( x  1)2  2] 2  2 

4 

1 1
13. dx  cosh 1  x   C
16 x 2  25 4 5 

e x 1 

1
14. 2 x
dx   tanh 1  e x   C
4e 2 2 

 2 
 
cosh x cosh x 2
15. dx   dx   tanh 1   sinh x  2   C
sinh x  4sinh x  2
2
2  (sinh x  2) 2
2  2 

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