CC Calculus Chapter 7 Answers PDF
CC Calculus Chapter 7 Answers PDF
Inverse Functions
Answers
x 1
1. f 1 ( x)
3
2. x3
3. 3x 1
4. Function has an inverse.
5. Function does not have an inverse.
6. Function does not have an inverse.
x 1
7.
2
x 1
8.
2
9. f ( x) 2( x 5) 0 on x 5.
10. f ( x) sin x , which is negative on the interval in question, so f ( x) is monotonically
decreasing.
7x 1 7
11. f 1 ( x) ; domain x 2 , range y
3x 6 3
1
12. f ( x) x 4 2 ; domain x 4 , range y 2
5x 13 5
13. f 1 ( x) ; domain x , range y
11x 13 11 11
1
14. f ( x) ( x 2) ; domain: all real, range: all real
1/7
2
1 x
15. f 1 ( x) ; domain x 1 and x 1 ; range y 0 and y 1
1 x
Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Answers
1. x 3
2. x ln3
3. x 8
4. x e5/2
5. x 0.757
6. x ln2 and x ln5
7. x2
8. x 3e2
1
9. x 2 1 y /5
10
3 y
10. x ln
2 3
3
11. x
7
3e7 1
12. x
2
log 5 log 5
13. x
2 log 6 log 5 log 36
5
137
14. x
6
1 1
15. x ; log(2x 7) log 3 log(x 1) 2x2 9x 7 3, or x , 4 , but x 4 is
2 2
extraneous (is not a solution to the original equation).
Derivatives of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Answers
2 5
1. y' , x
ln 7 (2 x 5) 2
1
2. y ' , x0
ln10 x log 2 x
5
3. y ' , x 4
ln10 ( x 4) log 2 ( x 4)
6(ln x)2 12ln x
4. y log 2 x 2 log5 x3 ; then y '
ln 2 ln 5 x ln 2 ln 5
cos x
5. y' cot x , x n ( n an integer)
sin x
15cos2 5 x sin 5 x
6. y' 3
15 tan 5 x , 5 x n ( n an odd integer)
cos 5 x 2
1
7. y' , x0
x( x 1)
cos(ln x) cot(ln x)
8. y' , x n ( n an integer)
x sin(ln x) x
9. y 6e6 x
3 2 x2 6
10. y (9 x 2 4 x)e3 x
2 4
11. y ' (2 x 6 x2 )e3 x ; extrema at (0, 0), ( ,
) ; y '' (9 x2 12 x 2)e3 x , and
3 9e2
2
for x 0 , y " 0 means a local minimum; and for x , y " 0 means a maximum.
3
4
12. y x
(e e x ) 2
13. y e x cot e x csc e x , e x n or x ln(n ) with n a positive integer.
log( x) ln( x) 1 1 x ln x x
14. a. y so that y ' e :
e x
ln10 e x
ln10 x
1 1 x ln x x
b. Extrema are located where y ' 0
ln10 e , i.e., where x ln x 1 0 .
x
A calculator can be used to show x 1.7632 .
2 1
15. y ' e x 2 x 2 ln 1
x
Integrals of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Answers
1.
4e dx 4e C
x x
2.
2e dx e C
2 x 3 2 x 3
3x2
3x2 5
3. 5 dx C
3ln 5
4.
(7e 2)dx 7e 2x C
x x
(1 3e )
x 6
5. e (1 3e ) dx
x x 5
C
18
(1 5 ) 1 (1 5 )
x 4 x
6. 5 (1 5 )(1 5 ) dx
x x x 6
C
ln 5 2 5
7. e x C
8. 2e x /2 C
1
9. ln | 4 x 2 6 x 7 | C
2
10. ln | e x e x | C
11. ln 2
21
12. ln
13
13. ln ln x
e /2 /2
dx 4cos(ln x)
14. Use u ln x, du : dx 4cos(u )du 4[sin( / 2) sin(0)] 4 .
x 1 x 0
ln x 5 ln x 2
x(ln x 4ln x 4)dx x(ln x 2) dx x(ln x 2) dx ; let u ln x 2 , du x
3 dx
15. 2 2 2
.
ln x 5
x(ln x 4ln x 4) u u
1 3 3
dx du du ln[ ln x 2 ] C , ln x 2
2
ln x 2
2
Exponential Growth and Decay
Answers
1. 2 Parts:
a. 298.1 million
b. 2067
2. Hint: use A1 Ce 1
kt
3. TBS
4. 14.4 C
5. 324 seconds, or about five and a half more minutes.
6. 7 grams
7. 2 Parts:
a. 10 W/m2
b. 63 dB
8. 30 dB
9. 93 dB
10. If P3 is the population 3 years ago, then 50000 P3 (1 0.05)5 ; P3 39,176 people.
14/T
1
11. 20 25 where T is the half-life in days; T 43.5 days.
2
12. V $10000 (1 0.065)5 $7146
13. R 4 I 104 ; R 7.9 I 107.9 7.943 107 ; The larger earthquake has an intensity
7943 times the smaller earthquake.
14. t 8 days
nt ( n / r ) rt
r 1
15. lim A P lim 1 P lim 1 ;
n n n n n / r
rt rt
n 1
( n / r ) rt 1 x 1
x
Let x , then P lim 1 P lim 1 P lim 1 Pert .
r n n / r x
x x x
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Answers
1. sin 1 0 0
2. arccos(1)
3. tan 1 (1)
4
5
4. cot 1 ( 3)
6
5. arc csc(2)
6
2 3
6. sec1
3 6
2
7. arcsin( )
2 4
1 3
8. sin(arccos )
4 4
3 7
9. tan(arccos )
4 3
3 3 3
10. sin(tan 1 )
2 13
15 15 161
11. sec(csc1 )
8 161
2 5
12. cos(sin 1 )
3 3
3 3 13
13. sin(tan 1 )
2 13
15 17
14. sec(cot 1 )
8 15
5 12
15. tan(cos 1 )
13 5
Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Answers
2
1.
x x4 1
1
2.
(1 x )(tan 1 x)2
2
1
3.
1
(cos x) 1 x 2
4e4 x
4.
1 e8 x
x 2 x ln x
5.
1 x 4 (ln x)2
1 3x 2
6. 6 x tan x
1 x2
1
7.
2 x(1 2 x)
6t 2
8.
1 4t 6
2t
9.
1 t4
6t 2
10. cot 1 (1 3t 2 )
1 (1 3t 2 )2
t2
11.
(1 t 2 )3/2
( y 2 1)
12.
y4 y2 1
d 1 2
13. (sin 1 x 2 tan 1 x) 0 x 4 6 x 2 3 0 ; Use of Descarte’s rule
1 x 1 x
2
dx 2
indicates there is 1 positive root, 1 negative root, and 2 complex roots. The two real roots
are x 3 2 3 0.68, 3 2 3 0.68 , with f (0.68) 0.45 (a maximum) and
f (0.68) 0.45 (a minimum).
Figure 7.7.2
1
14.
1 x2
e arcsin x 2 xe arcsin x
1 x2
d e arcsin x 1 x2 2 1 x2 1 x x
2
15. 0
3/2
dx 1 x 2 1 x2 1 x2
2
Now, 1 x2 x 0 x ; but x 0 is a constraint to satisfy the equation.
2
dy 2 dy 2
Checking the derivative: 0 for x and 0 for x .
dx 2 dx 2
2
2 0.645
Therefore f is a maximum for the function.
Figure 7.7.3
Integrals Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Answers
x
1. sin 1 C
3
2. / 6
1
3. ln( x 2 1) 3tan 1 x C
2
4. ln 2
5. 1 2 2
6. sec1 x C
5 4
7. ln(9 x 2 1) tan 1 3x C
18 3
2
3/2
8. tan 1 2 x
2 0 6
1 7e
2x
7
9. tan C
14 7
10. 3tan 1 x 4 C TBS
2
1 x 2
11. sin sin 1 0.73
30 3
x2 x
x 2
12. dx dx 4 x 2 2sin 1 C
dx
4 x 2
4 x 4 x 2 2
2
3x
3x5 3 3 du 3
13. dx 3x 4 dx x 2 x 2 tan 1 ( x 2 ) C
x 1
4
x 1 2 2 u 1 2
2
2
5e x 5 ex 5 1 9 5
14. dx dx du sin 1 e x C
81 4e2 x 9 2
2 9 1 u2 2 2 9
1 ex
9
2x 5 2x 4 2( x 2
9 9 2
dx dx dx ln(x 2 4 x 6) tan 1 C
x 4x 6
2
x 4x 6
2
( x 2) 2
2
2 2
15.
Hyperbolic Functions
Answers
1. 0
2. 1
3. 0
4
4.
3
5
5.
4
d 15
6. L 2h sinh 2 6sinh 12sinh(1.25) 19.2 meters
2h 2 6
7. x ln(5)
8. x ln(2)
Square both sides and expand: (3tanh x 1)2 sech 2 x 1 tanh 2 x 9 tanh 2 x 6 tanh x 1 ;
3
2 tanh x(5tanh x 3) 0 tanh x 0 or tanh x ; tanh x 0 x 0 , but does not work!
5
3
tanh x x ln(2) , which works!
5
e x e x e x e x
10. sinh x tan y means cosh x 1 sinh 2 x 1 tan 2 y sec y
2 2
1 1 4
11. sech x
cosh x 5 / 4 5
5
12. coth x
4
2
7 25
13. cosh x 1
24 24
cosh 2 x 1
14. cosh 2 x 11.5 , using cosh 2 x cosh 2 x 2cosh 2 x 1
2
Answers
1. 12 x2 cosh 4 x3
3. 8sinh 4 x cosh 4 x
4. 3cosh 3x 2sinh( x 7)
5. 6cosh 3x sinh 3x
6 2
7. csch 2
( x 1) x 1
2
cosh 6 x
8. C
12
1 sinh 2 x
9. x C
2 2
e3 x e3 x
10.
4 tanh 3x dx 4
e e
3x 3 x
dx 4
1 du 4
u 3 3
4
ln e3 x e3 x C ln 2cosh 3x
3
4 4
4 tanh 3x dx ln cosh 3x ln 2 C ln cosh 3x C
3 3
1
11. tanh x C
4
12. x coth x C
13. sinh 2 x 2 x C
1 x2
14. ln x C
2 2
1 csch 3x
15. cosh 3x csch 2 3xdx cosh 3x 2
dx coth 3x csch3xdx C
sinh 3x 3
Inverse Hyperbolic Functions
Answers
ln x 1 x 2
ln x 1 x 2
x
1 x2
1
e
1. sinh ln x 1 x 2
e
x 1 x2 2 x x
2 2 2
2. sinh 1 0 0
4. tanh 1 0 0
5. sinh 1 2 ln 2 5
6. cosh 1 1 0
1 1
7. tanh 1 ln 3
2 2
1 e 1
8. x coth
2 e 1
1 1 2 e
9. x csch
3 2 3(e 1)
cosh1 e2 1
10. x
4 8e
1 ln 3
11. 2sinh x cosh x 0 2 tanh x 1 , or x tanh 1 .
2 2
sinh x 5
12. 3tanh x 5sech x 5 3 5 3sinh x 5 5 1 sinh 2 x
cosh x cosh x
15
x sinh 1 ln 4 1.39 , or x sinh 1 (0) 0 ;
8
x5 1
13. y 2 tanh is a one-to-one function. The inverse is y 3tanh ( x 2) 5 where
3
x 1.
14. y sinh( x 2 ) is symmetric about the y-axis, line x 0 , and is therefore not one-to-one. It
can be made one-to-one by restricting the domain to x 0 . In this case, the inverse
function is y sinh 1 x , where x 0 .
15. y sinh 2 ( x 4) 3 is symmetric about the line x 4 , and is therefore not one-to-one. It
can be made one-to-one by restricting the domain to x 4 . In this case, the inverse
function is y 4 sinh 1 x 3 , where the domain is restricted to x 3 .
Derivatives and Integrals Involving Inverse Hyperbolic
Functions
Answers
d 8
1. sinh 1 8 x
dx 1 64 x 2
d 14 x
2. cosh 1 7 x 2 for 7 x 1
dx 49 x 2 1
d 6x
3. x(tanh 1 3x)2 (tanh 1 3x)2 tanh 1 3x for 3x 1
dx 1 9x 2
d csc x cot x
4. cosh 1 (csc x) csc x
dx csc x 2 1
d sin x
5. tanh 1 (cos x) csxx for cos x 1
dx 1 cos2 x
d 2 x 3
6. e cosh 1 3x e2 x 2cosh 1
3 x for 3x 1
dx
9 x 2 1
d 1 1 x2
7. sech 1 ( 3 x ) for 2 x 3
dx 3 x 1 (3 x) 2 3 x ( x 3)( x 2)
b
8. Using the u-substitution u x results in:
a
b
Adx A dx Aa du A du A
cosh 1 x C
b2 x 2 a 2 a b
2 ab u2 1 b u2 1 b a
x 1
a
x 1 9x
4
9. dx 4csch 1 3x C
2
sinh x 2
1 sinh
x sinh x
cosh x
10. dx cosh C ln 1 C
sinh 2 x 9 3 3 3
1 2
1 2 x
2
2x 1 1 x 1
11. 1 C with x 2 .
2
dx tanh ( ) C ln
4 x 4
2 2 4 1 x 2
2
2
( x 1)
3 3 3
12. dx dx csch 1 ( x 1) C
2 x2 4 x 6 ( x 1) 2[( x 1)2 2] 2 2
4
1 1
13. dx cosh 1 x C
16 x 2 25 4 5
e x 1
1
14. 2 x
dx tanh 1 e x C
4e 2 2
2
cosh x cosh x 2
15. dx dx tanh 1 sinh x 2 C
sinh x 4sinh x 2
2
2 (sinh x 2) 2
2 2