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Expmt 2 - Friction

This document describes an experiment to find the coefficient of static friction between two materials using an inclined plane. The apparatus includes an adjustable inclined plane, a wooden box, string, hanger, and weights. The theory section explains that static friction has an upper limit and increases directly with the normal force. The coefficient of static friction is defined as the proportionality constant between the maximum static frictional force and the normal force. The experiment uses an inclined plane to calculate the coefficient of static friction based on the forces acting on a box placed on the inclined plane.

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Abhishek Kumar Pandey
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66 views5 pages

Expmt 2 - Friction

This document describes an experiment to find the coefficient of static friction between two materials using an inclined plane. The apparatus includes an adjustable inclined plane, a wooden box, string, hanger, and weights. The theory section explains that static friction has an upper limit and increases directly with the normal force. The coefficient of static friction is defined as the proportionality constant between the maximum static frictional force and the normal force. The experiment uses an inclined plane to calculate the coefficient of static friction based on the forces acting on a box placed on the inclined plane.

Uploaded by

Abhishek Kumar Pandey
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Aim-To Find Co-Efficient Of Static Friction Between 2 Given

Materials Using Inclined Plane.

Apparatus - Adjustable Inclined Plane with friction less pulley, a


wooden box(m=84gms.), Inextensible string, Hanger with
pan(m=23gms.),Standard weights.

THEORY : Frictional force is different from other forces in a


way such that it has a limit. No other force is seen to have a
limit in the physical world. It may be interesting to note that it
can only be produced after another force is being applied at the
body(which should be in contact with a rough surface for
friction to act.) Friction force acts on a body to oppose its
relative motion upto a certain magnitude.After the applied
external force exceeds that maximum value, frictional force
becomes constant in magnitude, with its direction always
opposite to the direction of sliding of point of contact of the
body with the surface .No other forces, such as
gravitational,electrical,magnetic or nuclear forces show this kind
of behaviour.Assume a body is resting on any plane surface,with
a force F being applied on it with its direction parallel to the
surface.
Then, the forces acting on it are:
1. The applied force,F.
2. The gravitational force,equal to the body’s weight=w.
3. A normal reaction , acting on the body and exerted by the
surface,perpendicular to the surface,N.
4. Due to some irregularities in the surface and the block surface at
molecular level,the normal force,N, can interlock those irregularities and
make it tougher to move the block.This is the origin of the frictional force.
Obviously, larger the normal force,tighter is the interlocking and thus,
larger is the frictional force.

Point 4 brings us to the mathematical calculation of the maximum


frictional force that can exist between a body and surface.Since frictional
force increases directly with increase in normal reaction,we can assume
that frictional force,f is directly proportional to some power x of N.
But since friction curve is a straight line up to some point,x=1.
Also, the proportionality constant is called co-efficient of friction, which
is of 2 types:
1. Static friction co-efficient - It is applied when body hasn’t started
moving , which implies that applied force hasn’t exceeded the limiting
friction.
2. Kinetic coefficient is applied when body is moving and thus the
frictional force is constant.

Another thing that troubles our theory is that- why is there a little bump at
the point where kinetic friction just starts acting and the static friction
reaches its upper limit ?
The answer lies in the observation that it is tougher to move a body at rest
than to further accelerate a body already in motion.
This is because an already moving body has already overcome the static
friction, and has the momentum to overcome molecular surface
irregularities with relative ease than a body at rest.

Here, co-efficient of friction(ҷ)={M-m*sin(θ)}/m*cos(θ)

OBSERVATION TABLE/CALCULATIONS

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