Using Oracle® SQL Developer Web

Release 19.4
F25296-01
December 2019
Using Oracle® SQL Developer Web, Release 19.4

F25296-01

Copyright © 2018, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Primary Authors: Celin Cherian, Mike Fitch

Contributing Authors: Chuck Murray

Contributors: Jeff Smith, Syme Kutz, Victor Martinez, Renato Uriel Gutierrez Salas, Antonio Hernandez, Sofia
Isadora Padilla Munoz, Miguel Sanchez Villafan, Tulika Das, Eric Paapanen

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Contents
Preface
Audience v
Documentation Accessibility v
Product Accessibility v
Related Documents v
Conventions v
Third-Party License Information vi

1 About Oracle SQL Developer Web

1.1 About the SQL Developer Web User Interface 1-1
1.2 Accessing Oracle SQL Developer Web 1-3

2 The Dashboard

3 The Home Page

4 The Activity Pages

4.1 The Activity Overview Page 4-1
4.2 The Alerts Page 4-2
4.3 The Logins Page 4-3
4.4 The Parameters Page 4-4
4.5 The Performance Hub Page 4-5
4.6 The Real Time SQL Monitoring Page 4-6
4.7 The Sessions Page 4-9
4.8 The Storage Page 4-9
4.9 The Top SQL Page 4-10
4.10 The Waits Page 4-10

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5 The User Management Page
5.1 The Create/Edit User Dialog 5-2
5.2 The REST Enable User Dialog 5-3
5.3 The Delete User Dialog 5-3

6 The Worksheet Page

6.1 Navigating Objects and Worksheets 6-1
6.2 Executing SQL Statements in the Worksheet Editor 6-2
6.2.1 Shortcut Keys in the Worksheet 6-4
6.3 Viewing the Worksheet Output 6-4
6.4 Loading Data from a Local File to an Existing Table 6-6
6.5 Loading Data from a Local File to a New Table 6-7

7 The Data Modeler Page

7.1 Navigating Diagrams and Objects 7-1
7.2 About the Data Modeling Editor 7-2

8 Creating and Editing Database Objects

8.1 The Table Properties Dialog 8-2
8.2 The Index Properties Dialog 8-12
8.3 The Sequence Properties Dialog 8-13
8.4 The View Properties Dialog 8-14
8.5 The Synonym Properties Dialog 8-15
8.6 Implied Foreign Keys 8-16
8.7 The Materialized View Log Properties Dialog 8-17

iv
Preface
This document provides information about Oracle SQL Developer Web, a browser-
based interface for Oracle SQL Developer.

Audience
The document is intended for those using Oracle SQL Developer Web included with
Oracle REST Data Services.

Documentation Accessibility
For information about Oracle's commitment to accessibility, visit the Oracle
Accessibility Program website at http://www.oracle.com/pls/topic/lookup?
ctx=acc&id=docacc.

Access to Oracle Support

Oracle customers that have purchased support have access to electronic support
through My Oracle Support. For information, visit http://www.oracle.com/pls/topic/
lookup?ctx=acc&id=info or visit http://www.oracle.com/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=acc&id=trs
if you are hearing impaired.

Product Accessibility
Oracle SQL Developer Web provides features to support accessibility. See SQL
Developer Web Accessibility Guide.

Related Documents
For the desktop version of Oracle SQL Developer, see Oracle SQL Developer User's
Guide.
To download release notes, installation documentation, white papers, or other
collateral for SQL Developer, go to the Oracle Technology Network (OTN) at
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/

For the PL/SQL page on OTN, see http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/

features/plsql/

Conventions
The following text conventions are used in this document:

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 Preface

Convention Meaning
boldface Boldface type indicates graphical user interface elements associated
with an action, or terms defined in text or the glossary.
italic Italic type indicates book titles, emphasis, or placeholder variables for
which you supply particular values.
monospace Monospace type indicates commands within a paragraph, URLs, code
in examples, text that appears on the screen, or text that you enter.

Third-Party License Information

Oracle SQL Developer contains third-party code. Oracle is required to provide the
following notices. Note, however, that the Oracle program license that accompanied
this product determines your right to use the Oracle program, including the third-party
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ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial
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based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the editorial revisions, annotations,
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"Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including the original version of the
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"Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity on behalf of whom
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the terms and conditions of this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
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Hopscotch 0.3.1
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http://www.apache.org/licenses/
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
1. Definitions. "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
"Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by the copyright owner
that is granting the License.
"Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all other entities that
control, are controlled by, or are under common control with that entity. For the
purposes of this definition, "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii)

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ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial
ownership of such entity.
"You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity exercising permissions
granted by this License.
"Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications, including but
not limited to software source code, documentation source, and configuration files.
"Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical transformation or
translation of a Source form, including but not limited to compiled object code,
generated documentation, and conversions to other media types.
"Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or Object form, made
available under the License, as indicated by a copyright notice that is included in or
attached to the work (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
"Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object form, that is
based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the editorial revisions, annotations,
elaborations, or other modifications represent, as a whole, an original work of
authorship. For the purposes of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works
that remain separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of, the
Work and Derivative Works thereof.
"Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including the original version of the
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filed.

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4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the Work or Derivative
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License; and
(b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices stating that You
changed the files; and
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copyright, patent, trademark, and attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works; and
(d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its distribution, then any
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generated by the Derivative Works, if and wherever such third-party notices normally
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redistributing the Work and assume any risks associated with Your exercise of
permissions under this License.
8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory, whether in tort
(including negligence), contract, or otherwise, unless required by applicable law (such
as deliberate and grossly negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor
be liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or

xiii
 Preface

consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or out of

the use or inability to use the Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of
goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other
commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor has been advised of the
possibility of such damages.
9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing the Work or
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only if You agree to indemnify, defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any
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accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

xiv
1
About Oracle SQL Developer Web
Oracle SQL Developer Web is a browser-based application that uses ORDS (Oracle
REST Data Services) to provide many of the database development and
administration features of desktop-based Oracle SQL Developer.

Note:
Some features of Oracle SQL Developer Web are only available if you sign
in as a user with the DBA role. For such features, a "restricted availability"
statement appears at the start of the feature description; for example:

Available only if you signed in as a database user with the DBA role.

The main features include running SQL statements and scripts in the worksheet,
exporting data, creating Data Modeler diagrams for existing schemas, and enabling
database administrators to monitor the database.
For a complete integrated development environment, see Oracle SQL Developer.

1.1 About the SQL Developer Web User Interface

The SQL Developer Web user interface has three components:
• The Header at the top
• The page body, whose content varies depending on which page you are viewing
• The Status Bar at the bottom

Header
The header contains the selector icon, the main menu, the help icon, and the user
drop-down list.
• Selector Icon

Click the selector icon to switch between the Dashboard and the SQL
Developer headers and to access the Admin menu.

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About the SQL Developer Web User Interface

• Main Menu
The main menu lists the pages available. The Dashboard is a single page and so
has no main menu. The SQL Developer header's main menu has the following
tabs:
– Home: Displays widgets that provide a general overview of the activity and
status in SQL Developer Web. See The Home Page.
– Activity: Provides several pages to view the performance and other
characteristics of your database. See The Activity Pages.
– Worksheet: Enables you to enter and execute SQL and PL/SQL commands.
See The Worksheet Page.
– Data Modeler: Enables you to create diagrams from existing database
schemas, generate DDL statements, and create reports. See The Data
Modeler Page.
• Help Icon
Click the help icon to open the contextual or online help for the page you are
viewing.
• User Drop-Down List
The user drop-down list shows the database user you are signed in as, and
provides the following items when you open it:
– Preferences: Opens a dialog that lets you set your preferred time zone and
user interface language. The languages available are English, German,
Spanish, French, Italian, Japanese, Koren, Portuguese, and Chinese.
– Log: Opens a dialog that shows the list of HTTP calls made during your SQL
Developer Web session.
– About: Opens a dialog providing version information for the database and
other components as well as copyright and licensing information.
– Sign Out: Signs you out of your database session.

Status Bar
The status bar contains icons that link to log files. The three icons (Errors, Warnings,
Processes) are filters that have been applied to the log file.

Errors, Warnings: Displays an Errors or Warnings dialog, which lists log entries from
unsuccessful REST calls or from any other problem in the application.

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Accessing Oracle SQL Developer Web

Processes: Displays a Processes dialog, which logs REST calls that are either
finished or ongoing.
Log notification link: Displays a Log dialog, containing log entries of the following
types: Errors, Warnings, Processes, SQL History and SQL Result.

1.2 Accessing Oracle SQL Developer Web

Oracle SQL Developer Web is included with Oracle REST Data Services.
To access SQL Developer Web, you must do the following:
1. Enable SQL Developer Web in Oracle REST Data Services. For more information,
see Advanced Installation Using Command-Line Prompts in Oracle REST Data
Services Installation, Configuration, and Development Guide.
2. To use SQL Developer Web, you must sign in as a database user whose schema
has been REST-enabled for SQL Developer Web.
Execute the following code as a database user with the DBA role:

BEGIN
ords_admin.enable_schema(
p_enabled => TRUE,
p_schema => 'schema-name',
p_url_mapping_type => 'BASE_PATH',
p_url_mapping_pattern => 'schema-alias',
p_auto_rest_auth => TRUE
);
commit;
END;

where:
• schema-name is the database schema name in all-uppercase.
• schema-alias is an alias for the schema name that will appear in the URL the
user will use to access SQL Developer Web. Oracle recommends that you do
not use the schema name itself as a security measure to keep the schema
name from being exposed.
• p_auto_rest_auth specifies that the REST /metadata-catalog/ endpoint
requires authorization. REST uses the metadata-catalog to get a list of
published services on the schema.
3. In the SQL Developer Web login page (http://domain name/ords/sql-
developer), enter the name of the user and click Next.

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Accessing Oracle SQL Developer Web

You see the URL change to /ords/<Username>. Enter the password, and click
Sign in. If the enabled schema has the DBA role, the Dashboard page is
displayed. Otherwise, the SQL Developer Home page is displayed.
When you log out, you return to the login page (http://domain name/ords/sql-
developer) and are prompted for the user name again.
To go to the SQL Developer Web Home page from the Dashboard, click the Selector
icon at the top left of the screen, and then click SQL Developer. Alternatively, you
can directly access the SQL Developer Web features by clicking the relevant icon in
the Dashboard Quick Links box.

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2
The Dashboard

Available only if you signed in as a database user with the DBA role.
The Dashboard displays general status information about the database and provides
quick links to commonly used pages.
• Database Status: Displays the overall status of the database.
• Alerts: Displays the number of Error alerts in the alert log. You can click this item
to open the Alerts page.
• Database Storage: Displays how much storage is being used by the database.
You can click this item to open the Storage page.
• Sessions: Displays the status of open sessions in the database. You can click the
title to open the Sessions page.
• Physical IO Panel: Displays the rates of physical reads and writes of database
data.
• Waits: Displays how many wait events are occurring in the database by wait event
class. When you click the title:
– For Oracle Database 19c and later releases, the Performance Hub page is
displayed.
– For Oracle Database 18c and previous releases, the Activity-Waits page is
displayed.
• Quick Links: Provides buttons to open the Worksheet, Data Modeler, and
Performance Hub or Activity-SQL Monitor pages. It also provides a button to open
the Oracle Application Express sign-in page for the current database.

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3
The Home Page
The Home page contains widgets that provide a general overview of the activity and
status in SQL Developer Web.
• My Worksheets: Displays your saved worksheets. You can click the name of the
worksheet to open it in the Worksheet page.
• My Diagrams: Displays the Data Modeler diagrams that have been saved. You
can click the name of the diagram to open it in the Data Modeler page.
• Recently Modified Objects: Displays a timeline of the created, modified, and
dropped objects in the database. You can zoom in and out using the + and –
icons. You can also move horizontally by dragging the cursor to the right or left.
• Invalid Objects: Displays the invalid objects in your schema.
• Table Stats Freshness: Displays the time period since the tables were last
analyzed.
You can right-click the header in Invalid Objects, Table Stats Freshness, My
Worksheets, or My Diagrams to manage or sort columns:
• Columns: Enables you to select columns to show or hide.
• Sort: Displays a dialog box for selecting columns to sort by. For each column, you
can specify ascending or descending order, and you can specify that null values
be displayed first.
Right-click the body of the display table to count rows or to view records:
• Count Rows: Displays the number of rows in the table.
• Single Record View: Enables you to view data for a table or view, one record at a
time.

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4
The Activity Pages

Available only if you signed in as a database user with the DBA role.
The Activity menu on the SQL Developer Web header provides access to several
pages to view the performance and other characteristics of your database.
• The Activity Overview Page
• The Alerts Page
• The Logins Page
• The Parameters Page
• The Performance Hub Page
• The Real Time SQL Monitoring Page
• The Sessions Page
• The Storage Page
• The Top SQL Page
• The Waits Page

4.1 The Activity Overview Page

Available only if you signed in as a database user with the DBA role.
The Activity Overview page displays general information about the database.
The widgets on this page show snapshot information about the database status, online
database storage, sessions, wait events, user accounts, alerts, and expiring
passwords. Click a widget to go to its page where you can see a more detailed view of
the data.
• Database Status: Shows the status of the database.
• Used Online Database Storage: Displays how much storage is being used by the
database. You can click the title to open The Storage Page.
• Sessions: Displays the number of sessions by session status. You can click the
title to open The Sessions Page.
• Waits: Displays how many wait events are occurring in the database by wait event
class. When you click the title:
– For Oracle Database 19c and later releases, the Performance Hub page is
displayed.
– For Oracle Database 18c and previous releases, the Activity-Waits page is
displayed.

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The Alerts Page

• Users: Displays how many user accounts are in the open, locked and expired
statuses. You can hover over a status to see a list of the user accounts with that
status.
– Open: This status indicates that the user’s account is unlocked and access to
the database is enabled.
– Locked: This status indicates that the user’s account is locked and access to
the database is disabled. The account must be unlocked to enable access to
the database.
– Expired: This status indicates that the user’s password has expired and must
be changed before the user can log in to the database.
• Alerts: Displays a summary of alerts over the last 7 days. You can click the title to
open The Alerts Page
• Expiring Passwords: Shows a list of user accounts and whether a user account
password has expired or the number of days before it will expire.

4.2 The Alerts Page

Available only if you signed in as a database user with the DBA role.
The Alerts page is a chronological log of messages and errors and is commonly used
to learn whether the background processes have encountered errors. You can review
the alert log periodically to verify that your database system is operating normally.
The alert log includes the following:
• Nondefault initialization parameters used at startup
• Administrative operations, such as STARTUP, SHUTDOWN, ARCHIVE LOG,
RECOVER, and CREATE/ALTER/ DROP DATABASE/TABLESPACE
• Messages and errors relating to the functions of certain background processes,
such as LGWR
• Internal errors (ORA-600), block corruption errors (ORA-1578), and deadlock
errors (ORA-60)
Click the Refresh icon at the top right of the page to refresh the data.
You can search for a specific value in the log by selecting the display column in the
first drop-down list, selecting the condition in the second drop-down list, entering the
search value in the box, and clicking the search icon.
In the display table, if you right-click the header row, you see:
Columns: Enables you to select columns to show or hide.
Sort: Displays a dialog box for selecting columns to sort by. For each column, you can
specify ascending or descending order, and you can specify that null values be
displayed first.
If you right-click any other part of the display table, you see:
Count Rows: Displays the number of rows in the table.
Single Record View: Enables you to view data for a table or view, one record at a
time.

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The Logins Page

4.3 The Logins Page

Available only if the following three conditions are met:
• You are signed in as a database user with the DBA role for Oracle Database 12c
and later releases.
• Auditing is enabled in the database.
• At least one of the four actions displayed on the Logins page must have an audit
policy that is enabled. By default, Failed Logins is enabled.
The Logins page shows the number of succesful logins, failed logins, timed-out
logoffs, and logoffs that have occurred within the last hour. The Last Hour Statistics
widget only displays the actions being audited. If any of the tabs (succesful logins,
failed logins, timedout logoffs or logoffs) are disabled, the database is currently not
auditing that action. If you want to activate the action, you must create an audit policy
with the desired action. To create an audit policy, see Auditing Activities.

Figure 4-1 Last Hour Statistics Widget

Click a tab in Last Hour Statistics to view the corresponding entries in the table below.
You can search for results in the table by entering values in the Column, Operator and
Value fields and clicking the Filter icon. You can also filter by selecting one or more of
the available filter options for each action.

Click to refresh the data in the grid.

The following figure shows the three filters for the Failed Logins action.

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The Parameters Page

Figure 4-2 Filters for Failed Logins

To return to the previous page, close all the filters or refresh the browser.

4.4 The Parameters Page

Available only if you signed in as a database user with the DBA role.
The Parameters pages displays initialization parameters, which are used to configure
the database instance, including memory structures, and define locations for database
files. Values for initialization parameters are stored in a text-based initialization
parameter file (PFILE) or binary server parameter file (SPFILE). The initialization
parameter file is read at database instance startup.
Click the Refresh icon at the top right of the page to refresh the data.
To perform a search, enter values in the search criteria columns and click the search
icon to locate the initialization parameter.
In the display table, if you right-click the header row, you see:
Columns: Enables you to select columns to show or hide.
Sort: Displays a dialog box for selecting columns to sort by. For each column, you can
specify ascending or descending order, and you can specify that null values be
displayed first.
If you right-click any other part of the display table, you see:
Count Rows: Displays the number of rows in the table.
Single Record View: Enables you to view data for a table or view, one record at a
time.

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The Performance Hub Page

4.5 The Performance Hub Page

Available for Oracle Database 19c and later releases and only if you signed in
as a database user with the DBA role.

Note:
The Performance Hub page is available in the following user interface
languages: French, Japanese, Korean, Traditional Chinese, and Simplified
Chinese. If you change the language to German, Spanish, Italian, or
Portuguese in Preferences, the Performance Hub page reverts to English.

The Performance Hub page shows performance data for a time period you specify. It
consists of these parts:
• Time Range Area. Use the controls in time range area at the top of the page to
specify the time period for which you want to view performance data.
• ASH Analytics Tab. Use this tab to explore ASH (Active Session History)
information across a variety of different dimensions for the specified time period.
• SQL Monitoring Tab. Use this tab to view the top 100 SQL statement executions
by different dimensions for the specified time period, and to view details of SQL
statement executions you select.

Time Range Area

Use these controls in the time range area to specify the time period for which you want
to view performance data:
• Select Duration. Use this dropdown list, located in the top right of the time range
area, to set the timeframe displayed in the timeline. You can choose Last hour,
Last 8 hours, Last 24 hours, Last Week, or you can choose Custom and define
your own timeframe.
• Timeline. The timeline displays a graph spanning the timeframe selected in the
timeframe dropdown, showing Waits, User I/O and CPU usage during the period.
At its end is the time slider.
• Time Slider. The time slider is a box you can drag back and forth along the
current timeline. Use it to pick the specific time period within the timeframe for
which you want to view performance data. You can also drag the side handles on
the time slider to make it wider or narrower to encompass a longer or shorter time
period.

ASH Analytics Tab

The ASH Analytics tab consists of the Average Active Sessions chart and two
secondary tables below it.
• Average Active Sessions Chart. This chart shows performance information for
the time period defined by the time slider. You can choose to chart different
dimensions of information, such as Wait Class, Wait Event, or Service, by
selecting the dimension from the dropdown list to the right of the chart title.

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The Real Time SQL Monitoring Page

You can download an AWR (Automatic Workload Repository) report for the current
time period by right-clicking in the Average Active Sessions chart area and
choosing Generate AWR Report.
For more information about ASH and AWR, see Active Session History (ASH) and
Automatic Workload Repository (AWR) in Oracle Database Concepts.
• Secondary Tables. The two tables below the Average Active Sessions chart
show the information dimension chosen in the chart filtered by another dimension
you choose. For example, if the Average Active Sessions chart is showing Wait
Class, you could show SQL ID and User Session dimension information by Wait
Class, one in each of the two secondary tables.
In the secondary tables, the SQL ID and User Session dimensions provide links to
SQL Details and Session Details pages, respectively, for the dimension data listed
in the table.

SQL Monitoring Tab

The SQL Monitoring tab shows a table of the top 100 monitored SQL statements that
were executing or that completed during the selected time period.
The table displays information about monitored SQL statement executions. If there is a
green spinning icon in the Status column, then the monitored statement did not
complete during the selected time period. A red cross indicates that the SQL did not
complete either due to an error or due to the session getting terminated. If there is a
check mark in the Status column, then the statement completed its execution during
the selected time period.
SQL statements are monitored only if they have consumed at least 5 seconds of CPU
or I/O time.
You can view information such as the status of a statement, its duration, its type (SQL,
PL/SQL, or DBOP), its SQL ID, its SQL plan hash, the user who issued it, whether it
executed as a serial or parallel statement, the time the database spent performing
CPU activity, I/O, or other activity for the statement, the read and write requests and
bytes associated with the statement, and the start and end time for the statement.
Click a SQL ID to display the SQL Details page with more information about that SQL
statement.

4.6 The Real Time SQL Monitoring Page

Available for Oracle Database 18c and previous releases and only if you signed
in as a database user with the DBA role.
The Real Time SQL Monitoring page shows in real time the SQL statements that are
being monitored in the database. In the Auto Refresh drop-down list, you can select
the time (in seconds) to periodically refresh the data. Select 0 seconds to disable the
auto-refresh.
To review the SQL statements being monitored:
• From the Activity drop-down menu, click Real Time SQL Monitoring.
This tool helps identify run-time issues for SQL statements and monitor their behavior,
by providing two major functions:

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The Real Time SQL Monitoring Page

• General view of monitored statements

• View of SQL execution details
General View of Monitored Statements
The page contains a table of SQL statements currently running. This table shows the
following information:
• Status: Current state of the SQL statement execution. For example, a SQL
statement that has already finished its execution will show a status of "DONE".
• Duration: Amount of time a SQL statement is taking, or has taken, to execute.
• SQL ID: SQL identifier of the statement being monitored.
• Session ID: Session identifier that is executing, or has executed, the SQL
statement.
• Session Serial Number: Uniquely identifies a session's objects.
• Instance Degree of Parallelism: This Degree of Parallelism (DOP) column shows
how many instances and parallel execution servers are allocated. It is shown in
the form of “number of instances” | “number of parallel servers”.
• Database Time: Place the cursor over the database time to see a breakdown of
the time and wait events.
• CPU Time: CPU time consumed by the execution of the query.
• I/O Time: I/O time consumed by the execution of the query.
• Start Time: Time in which the execution of the SQL statement started.
• SQL Statement: SQL statement being monitored.

Figure 4-3 Real Time SQL Monitoring Table

View of SQL Execution Details

When a SQL statement is drilled down from the main monitor table, a detailed view is
shown. The SQL ID, Start Time and the SQL Execution ID represent the execution key
that uniquely identify this SQL statement. A detail view consists of the general
characteristics that integrate the execution of a SQL statement.
General information about the query execution is provided:

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 Chapter 4
The Real Time SQL Monitoring Page

• Execution Plan: Degree of Parallelism of the SQL statement

• Execution Started: Time that the SQL statement execution started
• Last Refresh Time: Last update time of the SQL monitor registry for the SQL
statement
• Execution ID: Execution identifier
• User: User in the format USER@CONTAINER
• SQL Text: Formatted view of the SQL statement that is being executed.

Figure 4-4 SQL Execution Details in Real Time SQL Monitor

General statistics of the SQL statement are provided: total duration of execution, the
number of buffered gets, number of Input/Output requests and bytes.
Detailed information of the statement: This space holds the information
corresponding to the explain plan, parallel behavior and CPU activity involved in the
execution of the statement:
• Plan Statistics: Explain plan of the execution of the SQL statement in the form of
a table. Each row is a different operation involved in the execution of the SQL
statement and it shows hierarchy dependency by adding a space at the beginning
of the text in the Operation column.
• Parallelism Details for the SQL statement: Each execution consists of a parallel
coordinator and one or more parallel sets. Each set can have one or more
processes. When a row has dependents, each of its columns will be the sum of
the values of its dependants. When this happens, a sigma symbol will appear to
show that a value consists of the sum of others.

Note:
For more information, see "Monitoring the Database" in the Oracle Database
Administrator’s Guide.

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 Chapter 4
The Sessions Page

4.7 The Sessions Page

Available only if you signed in as a database user with the DBA role.
The Sessions page shows information about all currently open sessions in the
database. The data is automatically refreshed at intervals ranging from 10 seconds to
2 minutes. You can also refresh the data by clicking the Refresh icon at the top right of
the screen.
The table shows summarized data about each open session. Select a session in the
table to see more detailed data in the Session Details table below, such as the last
SQL statement, explain plan, waits, contention, and so on. You can use the Column,
Operator and Value fields to search for the required sessions.
In the display table, if you right-click the header row, you see:
Columns: Enables you to select columns to show or hide.
Sort: Displays a dialog box for selecting columns to sort by. For each column, you can
specify ascending or descending order, and you can specify that null values be
displayed first.
If you right-click any other part of the display table, you see:
Count Rows: Displays the number of rows in the table.
Single Record View: Enables you to view data for a table or view, one record at a
time.

4.8 The Storage Page

Available only if you signed in as a database user with the DBA role.
The Storage page shows the storage used based on the current allocation of
tablespaces along with additional drill-down capabilities to view segments. You can
refine the list of segments shown by using the filter feature. Click View Datafiles to
view the datafiles in each tablespace.
You can view tablespace and segment space usage.
To view space usage information
1. From the Database drop-down menu, click Storage.
The Storage page displays. If the Oracle database is version 12c or later, the
Storage page shows the used and allocated storage space for tablespaces in any
pluggable database. If the Oracle database is version 11g, the Storage page
shows the used and allocated space for the entire database.
2. You can click a tablespace to view its storage information. An interactive report
appears, showing the segments that exist within the tablespace. Most segments
are user objects, and they include tables, LOBs, and indexes.
3. On the Segments page, you can refine the list of segments shown by using the
filter feature.

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The Top SQL Page

For example, you can search for all the segments for a specific owner (schema) by
selecting OWNER from the first drop-down list, entering the owner (schema) name
in the box, and clicking the search icon.

4.9 The Top SQL Page

Available only if you signed in as a database user with the DBA role.
The Top SQL page displays SQL statements based on CPU time consumed, that are
executed in the database. The SQL statement that consumes the maximum CPU time
is right at the top, and the remaining statements continue in descending order based
on CPU time. This feature enables you to focus your SQL tuning efforts on the
statements that can have the most impact on database performance.
Click a query to see a formatted view of the SQL statement, the execution plan, the
runtime history from Active Session History, and a SQL Tuning Advisor report. Active
Session History is part of the Diagnostics Pack, and SQL Tuning Advisor is part of the
Tuning Pack for Oracle Database.

4.10 The Waits Page

Available only if you sign in as a database user with the DBA role and for
Oracle Database 18c and previous releases.
The Waits page shows a chart with the distribution of wait events in real time.
Use the slider controls in the small chart to zoom in on a specific time period in the
chart above. To use the slider controls, place the cursor over the handles at both sides
of the box and drag the sides to the time period required. The chart above will refresh
to the selected time period. The table will also automatically refresh and the wait
events will filter to that period of time enabling you to easily identify the problem SQL
statement.

Figure 4-5 Distribution of Wait Events Chart

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 Chapter 4
The Waits Page

When you place the cursor over data points in the chart, a pop-up box displays details
about the wait event.

Figure 4-6 Display Wait Event Details

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5
The User Management Page

Available only if you signed in as a database user with the DBA, PDB_DBA,
CONNECT, and RESOURCE roles granted as DEFAULT roles.
The User Management page enables you to perform user management tasks such as
create, edit, enable REST, and delete users.

To access the User Management page, click on the top left of the application. In
the left pane, select Admin, and then select User Management.
The User Management page consists of two parts: Current User and All Users
Current User

Displays information about the current user such as user name, whether REST
Enabled or not, REST Alias, account expiration (in days), and the last login date and
time. The icon on the left displays the user status with one of the following colours:
green (Open), blue (Locked), and red (Expired).
The URL at the bottom is displayed only if the user is REST Enabled. It provides the
URL to the SQL Developer Web user login page. Use the Copy to Clipboard icon to
copy the URL to the user's clipboard.

Click to open the context menu. The actions available are the following:
• Edit: Opens the Edit User Dialog, where you can edit current user information.
See The Create/Edit User Dialog.
• Enable REST: Enables REST for a user where disabled. When this option is
selected the first time, it opens the Enable REST dialog. See The REST Enable
User Dialog.
• Disable REST: Disables REST where enabled for a user.
• Drop REST Services: Removes the REST data for a user, such as REST Alias,
Base Path and so on, which is stored in Oracle REST Data Services (ORDS).
• Delete: Opens the Delete User dialog, where you can delete the user. See The
Delete User Dialog.

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The Create/Edit User Dialog

All Users

Displays information about all other users that have been created in the database. You
can use the Search field, which is case insensitive, to search for users or sort the
users in ascending or descending order using the sort icons.
To create a user, click Create User to open the Create User dialog. For more
information, see The Create/Edit User Dialog.
There are two views available using the following icons:

(Card View): Displays the user information in a card view. This is the default
display view. Each user card provides details such as user status, password expiry,
user name and the context menu.

(Grid View): Displays the user information in a tabular format. The last column in
each row contains the context menu icon.

5.1 The Create/Edit User Dialog

This dialog is used for creating a new database user or editing an existing database
user.
• To create a new database user, click Create User in the User Management page.
• To edit an existing database user, select Edit from the context menu for the
associated user.
The user properties are grouped under two tabs: User and Granted Roles.
User Tab
Specifies general properties for the database user.
• User Name: The user name string. For an existing user, this field is read-only. To
change the name, you must drop the user and create a new user with the desired
name.
• New Password: Password string for the new user, or new password for an
existing user. You must also type the same password string for Confirm
Password.
• Password Expired: If this option is selected, the password is marked as expired,
and the user must change the password before being permitted to connect to the
database.

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 Chapter 5
The REST Enable User Dialog

• Account is Locked: If this option is selected, the user will not be permitted to
connect to the database until a DBA user unlocks the account associated with this
user.
• REST Enable: If this option is selected, the user is enabled for REST. Enter the
related fields: Alias, URL Mapping Type and Authorization required. These options
are also available in the REST Enable dialog.
Granted Roles Tab
Specifies roles to be granted to the user. For each role, you can check Granted to
grant the role, Admin to permit the user to grant the role to other users, and Default to
use the default settings for Granted and Admin. By default, a new user is granted
CONNECT and RESOURCE roles as Default roles.

5.2 The REST Enable User Dialog

The dialog is used to enable REST for a user that has not been REST enabled. Select
Enable REST from the user context menu in the User Management page to open the
REST Enable User dialog.
When you select Enable REST for a user for the first time, the REST Enable User
dialog is displayed. Subsequently, if you disable REST and then select Enable REST
again, you receive a message stating that REST is enabled. In this case, the REST
data previously provided is used for enabling REST. To enter new REST data, select
Drop REST Services and then select Enable REST again.
Schema Alias: Enter the alias for the schema name to use in the URL.
URL Mapping Type: Select BASE_PATH or BASE_URL.
Authorization Required: For a schema, controls whether Oracle REST Data Services
should require user authorization before allowing access to the Oracle REST Data
Services metadata catalog of this schema.

5.3 The Delete User Dialog

This dialog is used to delete users. To delete a user, select Delete from the user
context menu in the User Management page to open the Delete User dialog.
• Cascade: If this option is selected, all dependent objects are also deleted.
• Drop REST Services: If this option is selected, all user REST data is removed
from ORDS.

Note:
If you do not select this option when deleting a user, the next time you
create a user with the same user name, it will still retain the REST-
enabled property.

Click Delete User and a confirmation or error notification is displayed.

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The Worksheet Page
The Worksheet page provides a code editor that is used to enter and execute SQL
and PL/SQL statements.
You can use SQL and PL/SQL statements in the worksheet to create a table, insert
data, create and edit a trigger, select data from a table, and save that data to a file.
Some other features are syntax highlighting and error detection.
Database administrators can also access the worksheet from the Quick Links pane in
Dashboard.
The Worksheet page consists of the left pane for navigating worksheets and objects,
the editor for executing SQL statements, and the output pane for viewing the results.
These panes are described in the following sections:
• Navigating Objects and Worksheets
• Executing SQL Statements in the Worksheet Editor
– Shortcut Keys in the Worksheet
• Viewing the Worksheet Output
• Loading Data from a Local File to an Existing Table
• Loading Data from a Local File to a New Table

6.1 Navigating Objects and Worksheets

The Navigator tab in the left pane displays the saved objects for the selected schema.
The drop-down menus enable you to select the schema for which you want to see the
objects, and filter the results by object type.
The Worksheets tab displays the worksheets that are saved in the browser. The
worksheets displayed are dependent on the browser used (Internet Explorer, Mozilla
Firefox, or Google Chrome) for the SQL Developer Web session at the time of saving
the worksheet, and they will not be accessible from any other browser. You can open
or delete an existing worksheet by using the context (right-click) menu.
You can also search the contents of a saved worksheet or search for objects in the
Navigator tab by name. The search functionality is not case-sensitive, retrieves all
matching entries and does not require the use of wildcard characters.
Using the context (right-click) menu for objects in the Navigator tab, you can create
and edit objects, add indexes and synonyms, and upload data from local files into
existing tables.

To refresh the objects or worksheets list, click the icon. To create a new object,
click the icon.

For context-related help, click the icon.

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You can drag objects from the Navigator and drop them into the worksheet editor in
the right pane:
• If you drag and drop a table or view, you are prompted to select one of the
following SQL statements: Insert, Update, Select, or Delete. For example, if you
choose Select, a Select statement is constructed with all columns in the table or
view. You can then edit the statement, for example, modifying the column list or
adding a WHERE clause.
If you choose Object Name, the name of the object prefixed by the schema name
is added to the worksheet.
• If you drag and drop a function or procedure, you can choose to insert the name or
the PL/SQL code of the function or procedure in the worksheet. If you select the
PL/SQL code, you can enter the parameters before inserting the code into the
worksheet.

6.2 Executing SQL Statements in the Worksheet Editor

The worksheet editor in the right pane enables you to enter the SQL statements that
you intend to execute. You can use SQL and PL/SQL statements to specify actions
such as creating a table, inserting data, selecting data or deleting data from a table.
For multiple statements, each non-PL/SQL statement must be terminated with either a
semicolon or (on a new line) a slash (/), and each PL/SQL statement must be
terminated with a slash (/) on a new line. SQL keywords are automatically highlighted.
For a list of the SQL*Plus statements that are supported by the SQL Worksheet, see
Supported SQL*Plus Statements.
If you press Ctrl+Space, the worksheet provides you with a list of possible
completions at the insertion point that you can use to autocomplete code that you are
editing. This list is based on the code context at the insertion point. Also, you can
select multiple options in the list using Ctrl+Click.

An error in the code is signified by a red dot or squiggle line. When you hover over it,
you see a pop-up displaying possible fixes for resolving the error.

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The SQL Worksheet toolbar contains icons for the following operations:
• Worksheet enables you to create a worksheet, open or delete an existing
worksheet, and save a worksheet.

Note:
The worksheets are saved in the browser. Therefore, if you do sensitive
work on a computer in a public network, remember to clear the browser
cache before you leave. Additionally, the saved worksheets will only be
displayed in the browser that was used at the time of creating the
worksheet.

• Run Statement executes the selected statements or the statement at the mouse
pointer in the worksheet editor. The SQL statements can include bind variables
and substitution variables of type VARCHAR2 (although in most cases,
VARCHAR2 is automatically converted internally to NUMBER if necessary). A
dialog box is displayed for entering variable values.
• Run Script executes all statements in the worksheet editor using the Script
Runner. The SQL statements can include bind variables (but not substitution
variables) of type VARCHAR2 (although in most cases, VARCHAR2 is
automatically converted internally to NUMBER if necessary). A dialog box is
displayed for entering bind variable values.
• Explain Plan generates the execution plan for the statement (internally executing
the EXPLAIN PLAN statement). The execution plan is automatically displayed in
the Explain Plan tab in the worksheet output pane.
• Autotrace runs the statement and collects runtime statistics and the actual
execution plan. The Autotrace output is displayed in the Autotrace tab in the
worksheet output pane. Currently, there are no preferences available.
• Download Editor Content downloads the content of the worksheet as a SQL file
to the local system.
• Format formats the SQL statement in the editor, such as capitalizing the names of
statements, clauses, keywords, and adding line breaks and indentation.
• Clear removes the statements from the editor.

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• Tour provides a guided tour of the worksheet highlighting salient features and
providing information that is useful if you are new to the interface.
• Help provides context-related help and provides a link to the help documentation.
For a list of shortcuts used in the worksheet, see Shortcut Keys in the Worksheet.
Related Topics
• Execution Plan in Oracle SQL Developer User's Guide
• Autotrace Pane in Oracle SQL Developer User's Guide

6.2.1 Shortcut Keys in the Worksheet

The following table lists the shortcut keys for various user actions in the worksheet.

Table 6-1 Shortcut Keys for User Actions in the Worksheet

Shortcut Action
Ctrl+Enter/ Runs the code as query.
Cmd+Enter
Ctrl+Down Moves to the next SQL code from history.
Arrow/ Cmd
+Down Arrow
Ctrl+Up Moves to the previous SQL code from history.
Arrow/ Cmd
+Up Arrow
Ctrl+D/ Cmd Clears the editor.
+D
Ctrl+S/ Cmd Saves the current worksheet.
+S
Ctrl+O/ Cmd Opens the worksheet browser dialog.
+O
Ctrl+I/ Cmd+I Downloads the content of the editor.
F1 Opens the help topic.
F5 Runs code as script.
F6 Shows Autotrace.
F10 Shows Explain Plan.
Ctrl+F7/ Cmd Formats code in the editor.
+F7
Ctrl+Space/ Autocompletes code (shows hints).
Cmd+Space
Windows Focuses outside the editor and navigates to the rest of the application using
+Esc/ Cmd the Tab key.
+Esc

6.3 Viewing the Worksheet Output

The bottom right pane of the Worksheet screen has tabs that display the following
panes:

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Viewing the Worksheet Output

• Query Result: Displays the results of the most recent Run Statement operation in
a display table.
• Script Output: Displays the text output from your statements executed as a script
using SQL Developer Web's script engine.
• DBMS Output: Displays the output of DBMS_OUTPUT package statements.
• Explain Plan: Displays the plan for your query using the Explain Plan command.
• Autotrace: Displays the session statistics and execution plan from v$sql_plan
when executing a SQL statement using the Autotrace feature. Displays the output
if you clicked the Autotrace icon.
• SQL History: Displays the SQL statements and scripts that you have executed.
To re-enter a previously executed query in the worksheet, double-click the query in
the history list. You can search for specific statements by clicking the Search icon.
The Search functionality is case-sensitive, retrieves all entries that contain the
search text, and does not require wildcard characters.
The icons in this pane are:
• Clear output: Clears the output.
• Show info: Displays the SQL statement for which the output is displayed.
• Open in new tab: Opens the query result or explain plan in a new window.
• Download: This is applicable only for Query Result. Enables you to download the
query result to your local computer in CSV, JSON, XML, or TEXT (.tsv) format.
In the Query Result tab, in the display table, the context menu (right-click) for the row
header consists of the following:
• Columns enables you to select columns to hide.
• Sort displays a dialog box for selecting columns to sort by. For each column, you
can specify ascending or descending order, and you can specify that null values
be displayed first.

The context menu for the rest of the display table consists of the following commands:
• Count Rows displays the number of rows in the result set for your query.
• Single Record View enables you to view data for a table or view, one record at a
time.
• Export generates the file for download based on the format selected, which can
be XML, CSV (comma-separated values including a header row for column
identifiers), Insert , Delimited, Fixed, HTML, JSON, or TEXT.

Note:
If a popup blocker is enabled, it will prevent the file from downloading.

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Loading Data from a Local File to an Existing Table

Related Topics
• DBMS Output Pane in Oracle SQL Developer User's Guide
• Execution Plan in Oracle SQL Developer User's Guide
• Autotrace Pane in Oracle SQL Developer User's Guide

6.4 Loading Data from a Local File to an Existing Table

In the Worksheet page, you can upload data from a local file to an existing table. To
upload data from a local file to a new table, see Loading Data from a Local File to a
New Table. The file formats that you can upload are CSV, XLS, XLSX, TSV and TXT.
To upload data from a local file to an existing table, do the following:
1. In the Navigator tab, in the left pane, right-click the table that you want to upload
data into, select Data Loading, and then select Upload Data.
The Import data dialog is displayed.
2. Drag and drop the file from your system into the dialog or click Select Files to
browse for the file and open it.
A preview of the data is displayed in a grid format.

3. Click the (Show/Hide options) icon to display options that you can modify
for data preview:
• Column names: Select First row to display column headers in the first row.
• Text enclosure: This option is visible only when the selected file is in a plain
text format (CSV, TSV, or TXT). Select the appropriate separator to part the
data in the file.
• Rows to skip: Use the up and down arrows to select the number of rows to
skip.
• Rows to load: Use the up and down arrows to select the number of rows to
load.
• Preview size: Use the up and down arrows to select the number of rows to
preview.
To remove the options selected and the data preview, click Clear.
After selecting the required options, click Apply, and then click Next.
4. In Data mapping, match the data in the file to the appropriate columns in the target
table. By default, SQL Developer Web will match using the column name.

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To modify, click the Show/Hide options icon. In Match columns by:

• Select Name to match columns based on the name of the column in the target
table.
• Select Position if you want to match columns based on the position of the
column in the target table.
• Select None to remove the current selections and to select the target column
for each source column from the drop-down list.

Note:
SQL Developer Web will attempt to retrieve the correct format mask of
date-based columns based on the data in the file, but it will still enable
you to change the suggested format by entering the required format
directly in the target column.

If there are any issues to be resolved, you see a notification such as

on the top right that provides details about the issue to

be fixed.
Click Next.
5. A summary of the previous screens is displayed. Click Finish.
The data will start uploading to the target table. After it is completed, an entry is
added to the Log with the status of the operation. To view the Log, click the
timestamp notification at the bottom of the page. If the operation is successful, a
Data Import Completed notification is displayed.
6. For a detailed summary of the upload process, right-click the table in the Navigator
tab, select Data Loading, and then select History. A summary of the data loaded
is displayed in the Data Loading History dialog.
If any data failed to load, you can view the number of rows in the Failed Rows
column. Click the column and a dialog is displayed showing the failed rows.
In the Data Loading History dialog, you can also search for files loaded by schema
name, table name, or file name. To remove the loaded files, click the Delete icon.

6.5 Loading Data from a Local File to a New Table

In the Worksheet page, you can load data from a local file into a new table. The file
formats that you can upload are CSV, XLS, XLSX, TSV and TXT. To upload data from
a local file to a new table, do the following:
1. You can start in one of the following ways:

• In the Navigator tab, in the left pane, click , select Data Loading, and then
select Upload Data into New Table.
• In the Navigator tab, drag and drop the local file into the left pane. When you
drag a file into the pane, the following message is displayed Drop the file
here to start.

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• In the worksheet result pane, select the Data Loading tab and drag and drop
the local file into the output pane.

Figure 6-1 Data Loading Tab

The Upload Data into New Table is displayed. A preview of the data is displayed in
a grid format.

2. Click to display options that you can modify for data preview:
• Column names: Select First row to display column headers in the first row.
• Text enclosure: This option is visible only when the selected file is in a plain
text format (CSV, TSV, or TXT). Select the appropriate separator to part the
data in the file.
• Rows to skip: Use the up and down arrows to select the number of rows to
skip.
• Preview size: Use the up and down arrows to select the number of rows to
preview.
• Limit rows to upload: If you select this option, you need to specify the rows
to load. Use the up and down arrows to select the number of rows to load.
To remove the options selected and the data preview, click Clear.
After selecting the required options, click Apply, and then click Next.
3. In Table Definition, do the following:
• In the Table Name field, enter a name for the target table.
• Select the check box at the beginning of a row to add the column to the target
table.
• Select or enter the column attributes such as Column Name, Column Type,
Precision, Scale, Default, Primary Key and Nullable.
• The Format Mask column appears for DATE and TIMESTAMP type data.
Along with selecting any value from the drop-down list, you can also type a
format that you want in the Format Mask field.
For a date and timestamp column, you need to supply a compatible format
mask that describes the data being uploaded. SQL Developer Web will try to
determine this automatically, but you need to review and modify it
appropriately. For example, if the date data looks like 12-FEB-2021 12.21.30,
you need to supply a date mask of DD-MON-YYYY HH.MI.SS.

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Figure 6-2 Table Definition Step in Upload Data into New Table

Click Next.
4. Review the generated DDL code based on the selections made in the previous
screens. The mapping of the source to target columns are also displayed.
Click Finish. After the data is successfully uploaded, the new table is displayed in
the Navigator pane.
5. For a detailed report of the total and failed rows uploaded, do one of the following:
• Right-click the table in the Navigator tab, select Data Loading, and then select
History. This displays the report for a specific table.

• In the Navigator pane, select , select Data Loading, and then select
History. This displays the report for all tables in the schema that is currently
selected in the object Navigator.
• In the worksheet result pane, select the Data Loading tab. This displays the
report for all visible tables by the current user (including tables from other
schemas).
A summary of the data loaded is displayed in the History dialog. If any data failed
to load, you can view the number of rows in the Failed Rows column. Click the
failed rows number and a dialog is displayed showing the failed rows. In the
History dialog, you can also search for files loaded by schema name, table name,
or file name. To remove the loaded files, click the Delete icon.

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The Data Modeler Page
The Data Modeler page provides an integrated version of Oracle SQL Developer Data
Modeler with basic reporting features. You can create diagrams from existing
schemas, retrieve data dictionary information, generate DDL statements, and export
diagrams.

Note:
You can create and edit objects for your schema in the Data Modeler
interface.

• Navigating Diagrams and Objects

• About the Data Modeling Editor
Related Topics
• Oracle SQL Developer Data Modeler User's Guide

7.1 Navigating Diagrams and Objects

The Diagrams tab lists the Data Modeler diagrams that have been saved. When you
right-click a diagram, you have options to open, save, delete, and view properties.
When you click a diagram in the list, a thumbnail preview is shown with an option to
open the diagram.

• To create a new diagram, in the Diagrams tab, click the icon next to the Search
field.
• To open an existing diagram, in the Diagrams tab, select or right-click the diagram,
and then click Open.

Note:
Diagrams are stored in the database, in the SQL Developer Web user
schema. When you use Data Modeler for the first time, a OSDDMW_DIAGRAMS
table is created in your schema, to store the diagrams.
Oracle SQL Developer Data Modeler can import from or export to the
OSDDMW_DIAGRAMS table if a connection is provided. For more
information, see Sharing Diagrams with SQL Developer Data Modeler.

The Navigator tab lists the objects that are available for each schema. You can select
the schema and object type from the drop-down lists. For a particular schema, if a

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About the Data Modeling Editor

tables object is selected, the left pane displays all the tables that belong to the
particular schema. You can expand a table to view its columns. You can drag and drop
an object into a selected diagram in the right pane. You can also add objects to the
diagram by clicking the Add Objects to Diagram icon in the editor pane.
You can also search the contents of a saved diagram or search for objects in the
Navigator tab by name. The search functionality is not case-sensitive, retrieves all
matching entries and does not require the use of wildcard characters.
The context menu for a table or view consists of:
Add Object to Diagram: Adds the selected object to the selected diagram.
Add Object with dependencies to Diagram: Adds parent and child tables related to
the object to the selected diagram.
Add Object as Star Schema to Diagram: Adds the selected object to the diagram
and searches the data dictionary for foreign keys and implied foreign keys related to
the object. The related tables or views are added to the diagram and the star schema
layout is applied. See Implied Foreign Keys
New, Edit, Use as Template: Creates a new object (such as table or view) for a
specific schema, edits an existing object, or creates a new object by using an existing
one for the initial content. See The Table Properties Dialog and The View Properties
Dialog.
Add/Edit Sequence: To create or edit a sequence for a selected schema. See The
Sequence Properties Dialog.
Add Index: To create an index for a table. See The Index Properties Dialog.

7.2 About the Data Modeling Editor

You can create and work with relational diagrams in the editor pane.
When an object is selected, you can inspect the properties of the object in the right
pane. The only properties that you can edit are background and border color. For
example, when a table is selected, the properties displayed are Columns, Primary
Key, Unique Constraints, Indexes, Foreign Keys, Comments, and Colors. You can edit
the background and border color by selecting from the color palette in the Pick a Color
dialog box. Click the Reset icon next to the Background and Border Color fields to
return to the default colors.
When creating diagrams, you can do the following:
• Move objects around by dragging the mouse.
• Adjust or move objects with the relationships intact.
• Add elbows to relationship lines to avoid intersecting with lines from other objects.
Right-click the relationship line and drag to create the elbow. Click the X icon to
restore to the original shape.
• Resize objects by dragging the handles that are positioned around the box.
• Right-click an object for options to preview DDL statements, update, delete, edit,
or define implied foreign keys.
The Data Modeler toolbar icons are:

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About the Data Modeling Editor

• Save Diagram: Saves the currently selected diagram. Diagrams are stored in a
table that are created in the schema of the user.
• Print Diagram: Prints the selected diagram.
• Save to SVG: Saves the currently selected diagram to an image file in SVG
format.
• Add Objects to Diagram: A dialog is displayed where you can select one or more
objects from a specific schema into the selected diagram. Type * or a few
characters in the search field to list the objects from the selected schema.
• Add Note: Adds notes to the selected diagram. Select the note to see the
associated properties in the right pane, such as Text and Colors.
– To enter text, expand the TEXT box and type information.
– To select the background, border, or text color for the note, click the box and
select the required color. To revert to the default color, click the Reset icon.
• Delete: Deletes the selected object or objects from the diagram. To select multiple
objects, press the CTRL key and select the objects.
• Zoom In: Displays more detail, and potentially fewer objects, in the currently
selected diagram.
• Zoom Out: Displays less detail, and potentially more objects, in the currently
selected diagram.
• Fit Screen: Makes all relevant objects fit in the window for the currently selected
diagram, adjusting the sizes of shapes and text labels as needed.
• Actual Size: Adjusts the shapes and text labels in the currently selected diagram
to the default sizes.
• Layout: Auto Layout: Rearranges the objects in the diagram to a layout that may
be more meaningful and attractive. If you do not like the rearrangement, you can
restore the previous layout by clicking Undo.
• Layout: Star Layout: Rearranges the objects in the diagram to a star schema
layout, where the fact table is in the center and the associated dimension tables
surround the fact table.
• DDL Preview: Shows the DDL statements that would be generated to create the
object. You can preview the DDL for selected objects by dragging the cursor over
the objects that you want to preview and clicking DDL Preview. You have the
option to save or send the DDL statements to the worksheet. To specify options on
how to generate the DDL, click Options.
• DDL Preview for Current Schema: Shows the DDL statements that would be
generated for the current schema. You can send the DDL statements to the
worksheet. To specify DDL options for the schema, click Options.
• Diagram Report: Generates a report for tables and views in the selected diagram.
• Schema Report: Generates a report for tables and views in the selected schema.
• Help: Displays the help for the Data Modeling editor.

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Creating and Editing Database Objects
You can create and edit objects for some object types by using the context menu in
the Navigator tab. If you do not have any existing objects for the object type (such as
tables), you can create objects by using the New Object icon, after first selecting the
object type from the drop-down list. For all objects, the context menu includes Quick
DDL, which saves the DDL statements for creating the object to a worksheet or to a
text file. The various object types and the corresponding options are:
• Tables: Tables are used to hold data. Each table has multiple columns that
describe the attributes of the database entity associated with the table, and each
column has an associated data type.
You can create new tables, edit existing tables, and add indexes by using the
options available in the context menu. Or you can select Use as Template, which
displays the dialog box with information for the selected object filled in. You should
then change the object name and any other aspects of the definition, as needed,
to create a new object of that type. For a description of the fields, see The Table
Properties Dialog.
• Views: Views are virtual tables that select data from one or more underlying
tables. For information about creating and editing a view, see The View Properties
Dialog.
• Indexes: An index contains an entry for each value that appears in the indexed
column of the table and provides direct, fast access to rows. For information about
creating and editing an index for a table, see The Index Properties Dialog.
• Packages, Functions, Procedures: A package contains subprograms, which are
programming objects that can be stored and executed in the database server, and
called from other programming objects or applications. A package can contain
functions or procedures, or both. Select Run from the context menu to insert the
code for a selected function, procedure, or package into the worksheet.
• Triggers: Triggers are stored PL/SQL blocks associated with a table, a schema,
the database, or anonymous PL/SQL blocks or calls to a procedure implemented
in PL/SQL or Java.
• Types: A data type associates a fixed set of properties with the values that can be
used in a column of a table or in an argument of a function or procedure.
• Sequences: Sequences are used to generate unique integers. You can use
sequences to automatically generate primary key values. For information about
creating and editing a sequence, see The Sequence Properties Dialog.
• Materialized View: A materialized view is a database object that contains the
results of a query. The FROM clause of the query can name tables, views, and
other materialized views. For information about creating and editing a materialized
view, see Materialized View.
• Materialized Views Logs: A materialized view log is a table associated with the
master table of a materialized view. When DML changes are made to master table
data, Oracle Database stores rows describing those changes in the materialized
view log and then uses the materialized view log to refresh materialized views

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based on the master table. For information about creating and editing a
materialized view log, see The Materialized View Log Properties Dialog.
• Synonyms, Public Synonyms: Synonyms provide alternative names for tables,
views, sequences, procedures, stored functions, packages, materialized views,
Java class database objects, user-defined object types, or other synonyms. For
information about creating a synonym, see The Synonym Properties Dialog.
• Database Links: A database link is a database object in one database that
enables you to access objects on another database. After you have created a
database link, you can use it to refer to tables and views in the other database.

8.1 The Table Properties Dialog

The Table Properties Dialog is displayed when you create a table, edit an existing
table, or create a table using an existing one as a template. To create or edit a table,
do one of the following:

• In Worksheet, in the Navigator pane, select Tables in the object field, click ,
and select Create Object.
• In Worksheet, right-click a table object in the Navigator tab to add or edit.
• The table options are also available when you right-click a table object in the Data
Modeler Navigator tab.
The table properties are grouped in several panes.
If you are editing an existing table, you can visit the panes in any order. If you click
Create before you are finished creating the table, right-click the table name, select
Edit, and continue creating the table.

Note:
Editing a partitioned table is not recommended. To identify whether a table is
partitioned or not, right-click the table name and select Edit. If the table is
partitioned, a warning message will be displayed.

Schema: Database schema in which to create the table. By default, a new table is
created in the existing schema or the schema that you are logged into.
Name: Name for the table.
The different panes in the dialog are described in the following sections:
• Columns pane
• Primary Key pane
• Unique Keys pane
• Indexes pane
• Foreign Keys pane
• Table Constraints pane
• Comments pane

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• Storage pane
• External Table Properties pane
• Materialized View
• DDL pane
• Output pane

Columns pane
Specifies properties for each column in the table.
General tab
Lists the columns currently in the table. To add a column, click the Add Column (+)
icon, from the table below, select the column whose properties you want to add, and
enter the details for each column. To delete a column, select the row and click the
Remove Column (-) icon; to move a column up or down in the table definition, select it
and use the up-arrrow and down-arrow buttons.
• Name: Name for the column.
• Datatype: Data type for the column.
• Default: If no value is specified, the default value inserted into the column when a
row is inserted.
• Default on NULL: Applicable for Oracle Database 12c and later releases. If this
option is selected, when a row is inserted into the table and the value specified for
the column is NULL, the default value is inserted into the column.
• Expression: Expression for computing the value in the column.
• Comments: Optional descriptive comments about the column. Use this field to
provide descriptions for the attributes.
In the table:
• PK: If this option is selected, the column becomes the primary key.
• Identity Column: If this option is selected, the column becomes an identity
column. This is applicable only for Oracle Database 12c and later releases. For
more details, see the Identity Column tab.
Constraints tab
Displays the Not Null and Check Constraints for a column. A check constraint requires
values in a column to comply with a specified condition.
• Not Null Constraint: Name: Name for the Not Null constraint.
• Not Null Constraint: Not Null: If this option is selected, the column must contain
data. You cannot specify no value or an explicit null value for this column when
you insert a row. If this option is not checked, the column can contain either data
or no data. A primary key column cannot be null.
• Check Constraint: Name: Name for the check constraint definition.
• Check Constraint: Constraint: Condition that must be met for a column to fulfill
the check constraint. You can use any valid CHECK clause (without the CHECK
keyword). For example, to indicate that the value in a numeric column named
RATING must be from 1 to 10, you can specify: rating >=1 and rating <= 10.

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• Enabled: If this option is selected, the constraint is checked when data is entered
or updated in the column.
• Deferrable: If this option is selected, you can defer checking the validity of the
constraint until the end of a transaction.
• Initially Immediate: If this option is selected, the constraint is checked whenever
you add, update, or delete data from the column.
• Validate: If this option is selected, the existing data is checked to see if it conforms
to the constraint.
Identity Column tab
Applicable for Oracle Database 12c and later releases. The Identity Column tab lists
the properties of the identity column. This tab becomes available only after the Identity
Column checkbox is selected for the column in the General tab. An identity column is
an autoincrement column that can be used to identify a table row. Only one identity
column can be specified for a table.
• Generate: Always means that values cannot be explicitly included for the identity
column in INSERT OR UPDATE statements, By Default means values for the
identity column are generated automatically if no values are specified explicitly, By
Default on Null means values are generated for the column only when a NULL
value is supplied.
• Start with: Starting value of the sequence.
• Increment: Interval between successive numbers in a sequence.
• Min value: Lowest possible value for the sequence. The default is 1 for an
ascending sequence and -(10^26) for a descending sequence.
• Max value: Highest possible value for the sequence. The default is 10^27 for an
ascending sequence and -1 for a descending sequence.
• Cache and Cache size: Cache causes sequence values to be preallocated in
cache, which can improve application performance; Cache size indicates the
number of sequence values preallocated in cache. No Cache causes sequence
values not to be preallocated in cache.
• Cycle: Indicates whether the sequence "wraps around" to reuse numbers after
reaching its maximum value (for an ascending sequence) or its minimum value (for
a descending sequence). If cycling of values is not enabled, the sequence cannot
generate more values after reaching its maximum or minimum value.
• Order: Indicates whether sequence numbers are generated in the order in which
they are requested. If No Order is specified, sequence numbers are not
guaranteed to be in the order in which they were requested.

Primary Key pane

Specifies the primary key for the table. The primary key is the column, or set of
columns, that uniquely identifies each row in the table. If the Primary Key checkbox is
selected for a column in the General tab, the corresponding fields are automatically
populated in the Primary Key pane. You can make changes to the properties as
required.
An index is automatically created on the primary key.
• Name: Name of the constraint to be associated with the primary key definition.

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• Enabled: If this option is checked, the primary key constraint is enforced: that is,
the data in the primary key column (or set of columns) must be unique and not
null.
• Index: Name of the index to which the primary key refers.
• Tablespace: Name of the tablespace associated with the index.
• Available Columns: Lists the columns that are available to be added to the
primary key definition. You can select multiple attributes, if required, for the
primary key.
• Selected Columns: Lists the columns that are included in the primary key
definition.
To add a column to the primary key definition, select it in Available Columns and click
the Add (>) icon; to remove a column from the primary key definition, select it in
Selected Columns and click the Remove (<) icon. To move all columns from available
to selected (or the reverse), use the Add All (>>) or Remove All (<<) icon. To move a
column up or down in the primary key definition, select it in Selected Columns and use
the arrow buttons.

Unique Keys pane

Specifies one or more unique constraints for the table. A unique constraint specifies a
column, or set of columns, whose data values must be unique: each data value must
not be null, and it must not be the same as any other value in the column.
To add a unique constraint, click the Add button; to delete a unique constraint, select it
and click the Remove button.
• Name: Name of the unique constraint.
• Enabled: If this option is selected, the unique constraint is enforced.
• Rely: If this option is selected, the constraint in NOVALIDATE mode is taken into
account during query rewrite.
• Deferrable: If this option is selected, in subsequent transactions, constraint
checking can be deferred until the end of the transaction using the SET
CONSTRAINT(S) statement.
• Initially Immediate: If this option is selected, the constraint is checked at the end
of each subsequent SQL statement.
• Validate: If the option is selected, the existing data is checked to see if it conforms
to the constraint.
• Index: Name of the index to which the unique key refers.
• Tablespace: Name of the tablespace associated with the index.
• Available Columns: Lists the columns that are available to be added to the
unique constraint definition.
• Selected Columns: Lists the columns that are included in the unique constraint
definition.
To add a column to the unique constraint definition, select it in Available Columns and
click the Add (>) icon; to remove a column from the unique constraint definition, select
it in Selected Columns and click the Remove (<) icon. To move all columns from
available to selected (or the reverse), use the Add All (>>) or Remove All (<<) icon. To
move a column up or down in the unique constraint definition, select it in Selected
Columns and use the arrow buttons.

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Indexes pane
Lists the indexes currently defined on the table. To add an index, click the Add Index
(+) icon; to delete an index, select it and click the Remove Index (-) icon.
• Name: Name of the index.
• Type: The type of Oracle index. Non-unique means that the index can contain
multiple identical values; Unique means that no duplicate values are permitted;
Bitmap stores rowids associated with a key value as a bitmap.
• Tablespace: Name of the tablespace for the index.
• Expression: A column expression is an expression built from columns, constants,
SQL functions, and user-defined functions. When you specify a column
expression, you create a function-based index.
• Available Columns and Selected Columns: Columns selected for the index. To
select a column, click the column in the Available Columns box, and then click the
click the Add Selected Columns icon to move it to the Selected Columns box.

Foreign Keys pane

Specifies one or more foreign keys for the table. A foreign key specifies a column
("local column"), each of whose data values must match a value in the primary key or
unique constraint of another table.
• Name: Name of the foreign key definition.
• Enabled: If this option is checked, the foreign key is enforced.
• Rely, Deferrable, Initially Immediate, Validate: See the description of these
fields in the Unique Keys pane.
• Referenced Constraint: Schema: Name of the schema containing the table with
the primary key or unique constraint to which this foreign key refers.
• Referenced Constraint: Table: Name of the table with the primary key or unique
constraint to which this foreign key refers.
• Referenced Constraint: Constraint: Name of the primary key or unique
constraint to which this foreign key refers.
• Referenced Constraint: On Delete: Action to take automatically when a row in
the referenced table is deleted and rows with that value exist in the table
containing this foreign key: NO ACTION (shown by a crossing line in diagrams)
performs no action on these rows; CASCADE (shown by an "X") deletes these rows;
SET NULL (shown by a small circle) sets null all columns in those rows that can be
set to a null value.
• Assocations: Local Column: Lists the column in the currently selected (local)
table that is included in the foreign key definition. For each referenced column in
the foreign key definition, select the name of a column in the edited table.
• Associations: Referenced Column: For each local column, identifies the column
in the other (foreign) table that must have a value matching the value in the local
column.

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Table Constraints pane

Specifies one or more check constraints for the table. A check constraint specifies a
condition that must be met when a row is inserted into the table or when an existing
row is modified.
• Name: Name of the check constraint definition.
• Check Condition: Condition that must be met for a row to fulfil the check
constraint. You can use any valid CHECK clause (without the CHECK keyword).
For example, to indicate that the value in a numeric column named RATING must
be from 1 to 10, you can specify rating >=1 and rating <= 10.
• Enabled: If this option is checked, the check constraint is enforced.

Comments pane
Optional descriptive comments about the table.

Storage pane
Enables you to specify storage options for the table. When you create or edit a table or
an index, you can override the default storage options.
• Organization: Specifies that the table is stored and organized with (Index) or
without an index (Heap) or as an external table (External).
• Tablespace: Name of the tablespace for the table or index.
• Logging: ON means that the table creation and any subsequent INSERT
operations against the table are logged in the redo log file. OFF means that these
operations are not logged in the redo log file.
• Row Archival: YES enables in-database archiving, which allows you to archive
rows within the table by marking them as invisible.

External Table Properties pane

Specifies options for an external table, which is a read-only table whose metadata is
stored in the database but whose data in stored outside the database.
External Table
• Access Driver Type: Specifies the type of external table.
– ORACLE_LOADER: Extracts data from text data files. This is the default
access driver, which loads data from external tables to internal tables.
– ORACLE_DATAPUMP: Extracts data from binary dump files. This access
driver can perform both loads and unloads.
– ORACLE_BIGDATA: Extracts data from Oracle Big Data Appliance.
– ORACLE_HDFS: Extracts data stored in a Hadoop Distributed File System
(HDFS).
– ORACLE_HIVE: Extracts data stored in Apache HIVE.
• Default Directory: Specifies the default directory to use for all input and output
files that do not explicitly name a directory object. The location is specified with a
directory object, not a directory path.

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• Access Params: Assigns values to the parameters of the specific access driver
for the external table. Access parameters are optional.
– OPAQUE_FORMAT_SPEC: The opaque_format_spec specifies all access
parameters for the ORACLE_LOADER, ORACLE_DATAPUMP,
ORACLE_HDFS, and ORACLE_HIVE access drivers. For descriptions of the
access parameters, see Oracle Database Utilities. Field names specified in
the opaque_format_spec must match columns in the table definition, else
Oracle Database ignores them.
– USING CLOB: Enables you to derive the parameters and their values through
a subquery. The subquery cannot contain any set operators or an ORDER BY
clause. It must return one row containing a single item of data type CLOB.
• Reject Limit: The number of conversion errors that can occur during a query of
the external data before an Oracle Database error is returned and the query is
aborted.
• Project Column: Determines how the access driver validates the rows of an
external table in subsequent queries.
– ALL: Processes all column values, regardless of which columns are selected,
and validates only those rows with fully valid column entries. If any column
value raises an error, such as a data type conversion error, the row is rejected
even if that column was not referenced in the select list of the query.
– REFERENCED: Processes only those columns in the select list of the query.
The ALL setting guarantees consistent result sets. The REFERENCED setting can
result in different numbers of rows returned, depending on the columns referenced
in subsequent queries, but is faster than the ALL setting. If a subsequent query
selects all columns of the external table, then the settings behave identically.
• Location: Specifies the data files for the external table. Use the Add (+) icon to
add each location specification.
– For ORACLE_LOADER and ORACLE_DATAPUMP, the files are named in the
form directory:file. The directory portion is optional. If it is missing, then the
default directory is used as the directory for the file. If you are using
the ORACLE_LOADER access driver, then you can use wildcards in the file
name. An asterisk (*) signifies multiple characters and a question mark (?)
signifies a single character.
– For ORACLE_HDFS, LOCATION is a list of Uniform Resource Identifiers
(URIs) for a directory or for a file. There is no directory object associated with
a URI.
– For ORACLE_HIVE, LOCATION is not used. Instead, the Hadoop HCatalog
table is read to obtain information about the location of the data source (which
could be a file or another database).
Opaque Format Spec
Specifies all access parameters for the ORACLE_LOADER, ORACLE_DATAPUMP,
ORACLE_HDFS, and ORACLE_HIVE access drivers.
For example:

RECORDS DELIMITED BY NEWLINE CHARACTERSET US7ASCII

TERRITORY AMERICAN
BADFILE log_file_dir:'ext_1v3.bad'

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LOGFILE log_file_dir:'ext_1v3.log'
FIELDS TERMINATED BY "|" OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '^' LDRTRIM
( PROD_ID,
CUST_ID ,
TIME_ID DATE(10) "YYYY-MM-DD",
CHANNEL_ID ,
PROMO_ID ,
QUANTITY_SOLD ,
AMOUNT_SOLD ,
UNIT_COST ,
UNIT_PRICE
)

and the full statement:

CREATE TABLE SH.SALES_TRANSACTIONS_EXT

(
PROD_ID NUMBER ,
CUST_ID NUMBER ,
TIME_ID DATE ,
CHANNEL_ID NUMBER ,
PROMO_ID NUMBER ,
QUANTITY_SOLD NUMBER ,
AMOUNT_SOLD NUMBER (10,2) ,
UNIT_COST NUMBER (10,2) ,
UNIT_PRICE NUMBER (10,2)
)
ORGANIZATION EXTERNAL
(
TYPE ORACLE_LOADER
DEFAULT DIRECTORY DATA_FILE_DIR
ACCESS PARAMETERS
(
RECORDS DELIMITED BY NEWLINE CHARACTERSET US7ASCII
TERRITORY AMERICAN
BADFILE log_file_dir:'ext_1v3.bad'
LOGFILE log_file_dir:'ext_1v3.log'
FIELDS TERMINATED BY "|" OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '^' LDRTRIM
( PROD_ID ,
CUST_ID ,
TIME_ID DATE(10) "YYYY-MM-DD",
CHANNEL_ID ,
PROMO_ID ,
QUANTITY_SOLD ,
AMOUNT_SOLD ,
UNIT_COST ,
UNIT_PRICE
)
)
LOCATION ( "DATA_FILE_DIR":'sale1v3.dat')
)
REJECT LIMIT 100
;

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CLOB Subquery
Type or copy and paste the query.

Note:
For more information about the external table fields, see Oracle Database
Utilities and Oracle Database SQL Language Reference

Materialized View
Query: Contains the SQL code for the query part of the view definition. Type or copy
and paste the query.
General
• On Pre-built Table: If Yes, an existing table is registered as a preinitialized
materialized view. This option is particularly useful for registering large
materialized views in a data warehousing environment. The table must have the
same name and be in the same schema as the resulting materialized view, and
the table should reflect the materialization of a subquery.
• Reduced Precision: Yes authorizes the loss of precision that will result if the
precision of the table or materialized view columns do not exactly match the
precision returned by the subquery. If No , the precision of the table or
materialized view columns must exactly match the precision returned by the
subquery, or the create operation will fail.
• For Update: Select Yes to allow a subquery, primary key, object, or rowid
materialized view to be updated. When used in conjunction with Advanced
Replication, these updates will be propagated to the master.
• Real Time MV: Select Yes to create a real-time materialized view or a regular
view. A real-time materialized view provides fresh data to user queries even when
the materialized view is not in sync with its base tables due to data changes.
Instead of modifying the materialized view, the optimizer writes a query that
combines the existing rows in the materialized view with changes recorded in log
files (either materialized view logs or the direct loader logs). This is called on-query
computation.
• Query Rewrite: If Enable, the materialized view is enabled for query rewrite,
which transforms a user request written in terms of master tables into a
semantically equivalent request that includes one or more materialized views.
• Build: Specifies when to populate the materialized view. Immediate indicates that
the materialized view is to be populated immediately. Deferred indicates that the
materialized view is to be populated by the next refresh operation. If you specify
Deferred, the first (deferred) refresh must always be a complete refresh; until then,
the materialized view has a staleness value of unusable, so it cannot be used for
query rewrite.
• Use Index: If Yes, a default index is created and used to speed up incremental
(fast) refresh of the materialized view. If No, this default index is not created. (For
example, you might choose to suppress the index creation now and to create such
an index explicitly later.)

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• Index Tablespace: Specifies the tablespace in which the materialized view is to

be created. If a tablespace is not selected, the materialized view is created in the
default tablespace of the schema containing the materialized view.
• Cache: If Yes, the blocks retrieved for this table are placed at the most recently
used end of the least recently used (LRU) list in the buffer cache when a full table
scan is performed. This setting is useful for small lookup tables. If No, the blocks
are placed at the least recently used end of the LRU list.
Refresh Clause
• Refresh: Select Yes to enable refresh operations.
• Refresh Type: The method of refresh operation to be performed:
– Complete Refresh: Executes the defining query of the materialized view, even
if a fast refresh is possible.
– Fast Refresh: Uses the incremental refresh method, which performs the
refresh according to the changes that have occurred to the master tables. The
changes for conventional DML changes are stored in the materialized view log
associated with the master table. The changes for direct-path INSERT
operations are stored in the direct loader log.
– Force Refresh: Performs a fast refresh if one is possible; otherwise, performs
a complete refresh.
• Action: The type of refresh operation to be performed:
– On Demand: Performs a refresh when one of the DBMS_MVIEW refresh
procedures are called.
– On Commit: Performs a fast refresh whenever the database commits a
transaction that operates on a master table of the materialized view. This may
increase the time taken to complete the commit, because the database
performs the refresh operation as part of the commit process.
– Specify: Performs refresh operations according to what you specify in the Start
on and Next fields.
• Start Date: Starting date and time for the first automatic refresh operation. Must
be in the future.
• Next Date: Time for the next automatic refresh operation. The interval between
the Start on and Next times establishes the interval for subsequent automatic
refresh operations. If you do not specify a value, the refresh operation is
performed only once at the time specified for Start on.
• With: Refresh type, which determines the type of materialized view:
– Primary Key: Creates a primary key materialized view, which allows
materialized view master tables to be reorganized without affecting the
eligibility of the materialized view for fast refresh.
– Row ID: Creates a rowid materialized view, which is useful if the materialized
view does not include all primary key columns of the master tables.
• Default Storage: If Yes, DEFAULT specifies that Oracle Database will choose
automatically which rollback segment to use. If you specify DEFAULT, you cannot
specify the rollback_segment. DEFAULT is most useful when modifying, rather
than creating, a materialized view.
• Storage Type: MASTER specifies the remote rollback segment to be used at the
remote master site for the individual materialized view. LOCAL specifies the

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remote rollback segment to be used for the local refresh group that contains the
materialized view. This is the default.
• Rollback Segment: Enter the name of the rollback segment.
• Using Constraint: If this option is checked, more rewrite alternatives can be used
during the refresh operation, resulting in more efficient refresh execution. The
behavior of this option is affected by whether you select Enforced or Trusted.
– Enforced: Causes only enforced constraints to be used during the refresh
operation.
– Trusted: Enables the use of dimension and constraint information that has
been declared trustworthy by the database administrator but that has not been
validated by the database. If the dimension and constraint information is valid,
performance may improve. However, if this information is invalid, then the
refresh procedure may corrupt the materialized view even though it returns a
success status.

DDL pane
You can review and save the SQL statements that SQL Developer Web will use to
create or edit the object. If you want to make any changes, go back to the relevant
panes and make the changes there.
For a new table, click CREATE to view the generated DDL statements. When you edit
table properties, click UPDATE to view the generated ALTER statements. For a new
table, the UPDATE tab will not be available.
When you are finished, click Apply.

Output pane
Displays the results of the DDL commands. If there are any errors, go to the
appropriate pane, fix the errors, and run the commands again. You can save to a text
file or clear the output.
Related Topics
• Oracle Database SQL Language Reference

8.2 The Index Properties Dialog

The Index Properties dialog box is displayed when you create or edit an index. You
can create and edit in three ways:

• In Worksheet, in the Navigator pane, select Indexes in the object field, click ,
and select Create Object.
• In Worksheet, right-click a table in the Navigator tab, and select Add Index. To
edit, right-click an index in the Navigator tab and select Edit.
• Right-click a table object in the Data Modeler Navigator tab, and select Add Index.
• Create and edit an index in the Table Properties Dialog (See The Table Properties
Dialog).
Definition pane
• Schema: Database schema that owns the table associated with the index.

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• Table: Name of the table associated with the index.

• Schema: Database in which to create the index.
• Tablespace: Tablespace for the index.
• Name: Name of the index.
• Type: The type of Oracle index. Non-unique means that the index can contain
multiple identical values; Unique means that no duplicate values are permitted;
Bitmap stores rowids associated with a key value as a bitmap.
• Expression: A column name or column expression. A column expression is an
expression built from columns, constants, SQL functions, and user-defined
functions. When you specify a column expression, you create a function-based
index.
• Available Columns: Columns available in the table.
• Selected Columns: Columns selected for the index. Click the Add Selected
Columns icon to move columns from the Available Columns list.
• Order: ASC for an ascending index (index values sorted in ascending order);
DESC for a descending index (index values sorted in descending order).
DDL pane
You can review and save the SQL statements that SQL Developer Web will use to
create or edit the index. If you want to make any changes, go back to the Definition
pane and make the changes there. For a new index, click CREATE to view the
generated DDL statements. When you edit index properties, click UPDATE to view the
generated ALTER statements. For a new index, the UPDATE tab will not be available.
When you are finished, click Apply.
Output pane
Displays the results of the DDL commands. If there are any errors, go to the Definition
pane, fix the errors, and run the commands again. You can save to a text file or clear
the output.

8.3 The Sequence Properties Dialog

To open the Sequence Properties Dialog, do one of the following:
• In Worksheet, in the Navigator pane, select Sequences in the object field, click

, and select Create Object.

• In Worksheet, right-click a sequence object in the Navigator tab and select Add
Sequence or Edit Sequence.
• These options are also available when you right-click a table object in the Data
Modeler Navigator tab.
A sequence is an object from which multiple users may generate unique integers. You
can use sequences to automatically generate primary key values.
Properties pane
• Schema: Database schema in which to create the sequence.
• Name: Name of the sequence.

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• Start with: Starting value of the sequence.

• Increment: Interval between successive numbers in a sequence.
• Min value: Lowest possible value for the sequence. The default is 1 for an
ascending sequence and -(10^26) for a descending sequence.
• Max value: Highest possible value for the sequence. The default is 10^27 for an
ascending sequence and -1 for a descending sequence.
• Cache and Cache size: Cache causes sequence values to be preallocated in
cache, which can improve application performance; Cache size indicates the
number of sequence values preallocated in cache. No Cache causes sequence
values not to be preallocated in cache.
• Cycle: Indicates whether the sequence "wraps around" to reuse numbers after
reaching its maximum value (for an ascending sequence) or its minimum value (for
a descending sequence). If cycling of values is not enabled, the sequence cannot
generate more values after reaching its maximum or minimum value.
• Order: Indicates whether sequence numbers are generated in the order in which
they are requested. If No Order is specified, sequence numbers are not
guaranteed to be in the order in which they were requested.
DDL pane
You can review and save the SQL statements that SQL Developer Web will use to
create or edit the sequence. If you want to make any changes, go back to the
Properties pane and make the changes there. For a new sequence, click CREATE to
view the generated DDL statements. When you edit a sequence, click UPDATE to
view the generated ALTER statements. For a new sequence, the UPDATE tab will not
be available. When you are finished, click Apply.
Output pane
Displays the results of the DDL commands. If there are any errors, go to the Properties
pane, fix the errors, and run the commands again. You have save to a text file or clear
the output.

8.4 The View Properties Dialog

The View Properties Dialog is displayed when you create or edit a view. To create or
edit a view, do one of the following:

• In Worksheet, in the Navigator pane, select Views in the object field, click ,
and select Create Object.
• Right-click a view in the Navigator tab, and select New or Edit.
Schema: Database schema in which to create the view.
Name: Name of the view.
The different panes in the dialog are described in the following sections:
SQL Query pane
Enter or copy and paste the SQL query for the view, using the SELECT and FROM
keywords along with the syntax needed to retrieve the desired information. A
semicolon is not required after the query.

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Columns pane
Click the Refresh Columns icon to automatically populate the columns in this pane.
You can edit the columns by selecting the required row and making changes in the
Header Alias and Comments fields.
Storage pane
• Force on Create: Select Yes to create the view regardless of whether the base
tables of the view or the referenced object types exist or the owner of the schema
containing the view has privileges on them. These conditions must be true before
any SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statements can be issued against
the view. If the view definition contains any constraints, CREATE VIEW ... FORCE
fails if the base table does not exist or the referenced object type does not exist.
CREATE VIEW ... FORCE also fails if the view definition names a constraint that
does not exist.
• Query Restriction: Read Only prevents the view from being used to add, delete,
or change data in the underlying table. Check Option prohibits any changes to the
underlying table that would produce rows that are not included in this view.
Use the Primary Key, Unique Keys, Foreign Keys, and Comments panes to add or edit
properties as required.
DDL pane
Based on the inputs provided, the DDL statements are generated. You can review and
save the SQL statements. If you want to make any changes, go back to the relevant
pane and make the changes there. For a new view, click CREATE to view the
generated DDL statements. When you edit a view, click UPDATE to view the
generated ALTER statements. For a new view, the UPDATE tab will not be available.
When you are finished, click Apply.
Output pane
Displays the results of the DDL commands. If there are any errors, go to the respective
pane, fix the errors, and run the commands again. You can save to a text file or clear
the output.

8.5 The Synonym Properties Dialog

The Synonym Properties Dialog is displayed when you create a synonym.
There are two ways of creating a synonym:
• In Worksheet, in the Navigator pane, right-click the object for which you want to
create the synonym, and select Add Synonym. In this case, the only fields that
you can edit in the Properties pane are Public and Synonym Name. The values of
the remaining fields are predetermined by the object selected.
• In Worksheet, in the Navigator pane, select the object type as Synonyms or

Public Synonyms from the drop-down list. Click . All the fields in the
Properties dialog are available for edit.
The different panes in the dialog are described in the following sections:
Properties pane

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• Public: If this option is checked, the synonym is accessible to all users. However,
each user must have appropriate privileges on the underlying object to use the
synonym. If this option is not checked, the synonym is a private synonym, and is
accessible only within its schema.
• Synonym Schema: Database schema in which to create the synonym.
• Synonym Name: Name of the synonym. A private synonym must be unique within
its schema; a public synonym must be unique within the database.
• Object Type: Specify the type of object to which this synonym refers.
• Object Schema: Schema containing the object or name to which this synonym
refers.
• DB Filter: After selecting the Object Type and Object Schema, the list of objects of
the selected type may be very long. To filter the object names, enter the search
entry and click the Refresh icon. The Object Name field is auto-filled with
appropriate object names in the drop-down list.
• Object Name: Select the name of the object to which this synonym refers.
• DB Link: Enter a complete or partial database link to create a synonym for a
schema object on a remote database where the object is located. If you specify
DB Link and omit schema, then the synonym refers to an object in the schema
specified by the database link. Oracle recommends that you specify the schema
containing the object in the remote database. If you omit DB Link, then Oracle
Database assumes the object is located on the local database.
DDL pane
Based on the inputs provided, the DDL statements are generated. You can review and
save the SQL statements. If you want to make any changes, go back to the relevant
pane and make the changes there. For a new view, click CREATE to view the
generated DDL statements. When you edit a view, click UPDATE to view the
generated ALTER statements. For a new view, the UPDATE tab will not be available.
When you are finished, click Apply.
Output pane
Displays the results of the DDL commands. If there are any errors, go to the respective
pane, fix the errors, and run the commands again. You can save to a text file or clear
the output.

8.6 Implied Foreign Keys

Implied foreign keys are dependencies that exist between tables but are not defined in
the database. In a data warehouse environment, it is a common practice not to create
foreign keys. However, it becomes necessary to show these dependencies for
presentation or reporting purposes.
In SQL Developer Web, you can display implied foreign keys for objects in a star
schema by defining them or by discovering them in the data dictionary. It is possible to
have more than one source for implied foreign keys.
Define Implied Foreign Keys
You can defined implied foreign keys in two ways:
• Using the Implied Foreign Keys dialog

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You can define implied foreign keys using the Implied Foreign Keys dialog.
1. Right-click an object (table or view) in a diagram and select Implied Foreign
Keys. The Implied Foreign Keys dialog is displayed.
2. In the Implied Foreign Keys dialog, click the + icon to add an entry in the grid.
3. Select the entry in the grid to enable and enter values in the following fields:
– Referenced Object: Object in the diagram that has a dependency to the
source object.
– Local Column: Name of the column in the source object.
– Referenced Column: Name of the column in the targeted object.
– Discovery Sources: Automatically prefilled, displays whether the implied
foreign keys have been defined or were discovered in the data dictionary.
4. Click OK. The implied foreign key dependency is displayed with a dotted line
on the diagram.
• By dragging the arrow to the referenced object in the diagram
You can also define an implied foreign key in the following way:
1. Select the source object on the diagram.
2. Click and drag the small blue curved arrow to the referenced object. The
dependency will be displayed with a dotted line on the diagram.
3. Right-click the source object and enter the column names in the Implied
Foreign Keys dialog.
Discover Implied Foreign Keys in the Data Dictionary
SQL Developer Web can automatically create a star schema by searching for several
types of definitions in the data dictionary.
In the Navigator tab, right-click an object (table or view) and select Add Object as
Star Schema to Diagram. The object must be a fact table. The data dictionary is then
searched for joins and dependencies related to the object, such as:
• Foreign keys defined for the selected table to other tables. If implied foreign keys
are later discovered for the same columns, they will not be displayed on the
diagram.
• Joins used in the definitions of bitmap join indexes, materialized views with
aggregates, and attribute clustering.
• Dependencies based on dimension definitions and column name matching in fact
table.
• Fact and dimension definitions for Analytic views and OLAP cube and dimensions.

8.7 The Materialized View Log Properties Dialog

The Materialized View Log Properties dialog is displayed when you create or edit a
materialized view log, which is a table associated with the master table of a
materialized view.

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To create a materialized view log, in the Navigator pane, select Materialized View

Logs in the object field, click , and select Create Object. To edit, right-click a
materialized view log object in the Navigator pane and select Edit.
Schema: Database schema in which to create the materialized view log.
Table: Name of the master table of the materialized view to be associated with this
materialized view log.
Properties tab
• Row ID Logged: Yes indicates that the rowid of all rows changed should be
recorded in the materialized view log; No indicates that the rowid of all rows
changed should not be recorded in the materialized view log.
• PK Logged: Yes indicates that the primary key of all rows changed should be
recorded in the materialized view log; No indicates that the primary key of all rows
changed should not be recorded in the materialized view log.
• New values: Yes saves both old and new values for update DML operations in the
materialized view log; No disables the recording of new values in the materialized
view log. If this log is for a table on which you have a single-table materialized
aggregate view, and if you want the materialized view to be eligible for fast refresh,
you must specify Yes.
• Object ID Logged: For a log on an object table only: Yes indicates that the
system-generated or user-defined object identifier of every modified row should be
recorded in the materialized view log. No indicates that the system-generated or
user-defined object identifier of every modified row should not be recorded in the
materialized view log.
• Cache: For data that will be accessed frequently, CACHE specifies that the blocks
retrieved for this log are placed at the most recently used end of the least recently
used list in the buffer cache when a full table scan is performed. This attribute is
useful for small lookup tables. NOCACHE specifies that the blocks are placed at
the least recently used end of the LRU list.
• Parallel: If YES, parallel operations will be supported for the materialized view log.
• Sequence Logged: Yes indicates that a sequence value providing additional
ordering information should be recorded in the materialized view log. No indicates
that a sequence value providing additional ordering information should not be
recorded in the materialized view log. Sequence numbers (that is, Yes for this
option) are necessary to support fast refresh after some update scenarios.
• Commit SCN: If this option is enabled, the database is instructed to use commit
SCN data rather than timestamps.
• Available Columns and Selected Columns: Additional columns, which are non-
primary-key columns referenced by subquery materialized views, to be recorded in
the materialized view log. To select one or more filter columns, use the arrow
buttons to move columns from Available to Selected.
Storage tab
• Tablespace: Tablespace in which the materialized view log is to be created
• Logging: YES or NO, to establish the logging characteristics for the materialized
view log.

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• Buffer Mode: Select KEEP to put blocks from the segment into the KEEP buffer
pool. Select RECYCLE to put blocks from the segment into the RECYCLE pool.
Select DEFAULT to indicate the default buffer pool.
• Percent Free: Specify a whole number representing the percentage of space in
each data block of the database object reserved for future updates to rows of the
object. The value of PCTFREE must be a value from 0 to 99.
• Percent Used: Specify a whole number representing the minimum percentage of
used space that Oracle maintains for each data block of the database object.
PCTUSED is specified as a positive integer from 0 to 99 and defaults to 40.
• Initrans: Specify the initial number of concurrent transaction entries allocated
within each data block allocated to the database object. This value can range from
1 to 255 and defaults to 1.
• Freelists: In tablespaces with manual segment-space management, for objects
other than tablespaces and rollback segments, specify the number of free lists for
each of the free list groups for the table, partition, cluster, or index. The default and
minimum value for this parameter is 1, meaning that each free list group contains
one free list.
• Freelist Groups: In tablespaces with manual segment-space management,
specify the number of groups of free lists for the database object you are creating.
• Initial Extent: Specify the size of the first extent of the object.
• Next Extent: Specify in bytes the size of the next extent to be allocated to the
object.
• Percent Increase: In locally managed tablespaces, Oracle Database uses the
value of PCTINCREASE during segment creation to determine the initial segment
size and ignores this parameter during subsequent space allocation.
• Min Extent: In locally managed tablespaces, Oracle Database uses the value of
MINEXTENTS in conjunction with PCTINCREASE, INITIAL and NEXT to
determine the initial segment size.
• Max Extent: This storage parameter is valid only for objects in dictionary-
managed tablespaces. Specify the total number of extents, including the first, that
Oracle can allocate for the object.
• Unlimited: Select this option if you want extents to be allocated automatically as
needed. Oracle recommends this setting as a way to minimize fragmentation.
Purge tab
• Type: In IMMEDIATE SYNCHRONOUS, the materialized view log is purged
immediately after refresh. This is the default. In IMMEDIATE ASYNCHRONOUS,
the materialized view log is purged in a separate Oracle Scheduler job after the
refresh operation.
• Deferred, Start With, Next, Repeat Interval: Sets up a scheduled purge that is
independent of the materialized view refresh and is initiated during CREATE or
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG statement.
Refresh tab
• Type: Synchronous Refresh creates a staging log that can be used for
synchronous refresh. Specify the name of the staging log to be created. The
staging log will be created in the schema in which the master table resides. Fast
Refresh creates a materialized view log that can be used for fast refresh. The

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materialized view log will be created in the same schema in which the master table
resides. This is the default.
DDL pane
Based on the inputs provided, the DDL statements are generated. You can review and
save the SQL statements. If you want to make any changes, go back to the relevant
pane and make the changes there. For a new materialized view log, click CREATE to
view the generated DDL statements. When you edit a materialized view log, click
UPDATE to view the generated ALTER statements. For a new materialized view log,
the UPDATE tab will not be available. When you are finished, click Apply.
Output pane
Displays the results of the DDL commands. If there are any errors, go to the respective
pane, fix the errors, and run the commands again. You can save to a text file or clear
the output.

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