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T test-SDM 2017

1) The document describes how to perform a t-test when comparing two sample means with small sample sizes (<30). 2) It provides the formula for calculating the t-statistic and compares it to the critical t-value to determine whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis. 3) The example tests whether the mean of a sample is greater than a hypothesized population mean, calculates the t-statistic, and rejects the null hypothesis because the t-statistic is greater than the critical value.

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Gaurav Naulakha
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62 views21 pages

T test-SDM 2017

1) The document describes how to perform a t-test when comparing two sample means with small sample sizes (<30). 2) It provides the formula for calculating the t-statistic and compares it to the critical t-value to determine whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis. 3) The example tests whether the mean of a sample is greater than a hypothesized population mean, calculates the t-statistic, and rejects the null hypothesis because the t-statistic is greater than the critical value.

Uploaded by

Gaurav Naulakha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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 When the population standard deviation is not given

and the sample size is <30 (small sample) we use t-test.


 The t-statistic is given by:

𝑋−𝜇 𝑋−𝜇
𝑡= =
𝑆𝐸 𝑠/ 𝑛
 Compare the t statistic , with t critical value at (n-1)
degrees of freedom.
 Accept HO, if the t statistic < t critical
Given a sample mean of 83, a sample standard deviation
of 12.5 and a sample size of 22, test the hypothesis that
the value of the population mean is 70 against the
alternative that the hypothesis is more than 70. At 10%
level of significance.
H0: 𝜇 = 70
H1: 𝜇 > 70
s=12.5
n=22
𝑥 = 83
𝑋−𝜇 𝑋−𝜇
𝑡= = = 4.878
𝑆𝐸 𝑠/ 𝑛

T statistic critical at 10% level of significance at 21 df is 1.323


Hence, Reject HO, t statistic>t critical.
1 1
 SE = Sp x +
𝑛1 𝑛2

(𝑛1 −1)𝑆12 +(𝑛2 −1)𝑆22


 Where, Sp =
𝑛1 +𝑛2 −2
 Two difference types of drugs A and B were tried on certain patients for
increasing weight. 5 persons were given drug A and 7 persons were
given drug B. The increase in weight is pounds is given below:
Drug A 8 12 13 9 3
Drug B 10 8 12 15 6 8 11

 Do the two drugs differ significantly with regard to their effect in


increasing weight (the table value of t for df = 10 and 5% alpha is 2.23)
 𝑋1 = 9, 𝑋2 = 10

 Step 1:
 H0: µ1 = µ2
 H1: µ1 ≠ µ2
1 1
 SE = Sp x +
𝑛1 𝑛2

 Sp = 3.406

 SE = 1.9943
𝑋−𝜇
 t-test = = 0.501
𝑆𝐸
 α = 0.05
 Degrees of freedom = 10-1 = 9
 Two tailed test
 Critical Limit = [-2.23, 2.23]
 Decision: H0 is not rejected

 Interpretation: Two drugs do not differ with regard to


their effect in increasing weight.
 The mean life of a sample of 10 electric light bulbs was
found to be 1,456 hours with standard deviation of 423
hours. A second sample of 17 bulbs chosen from a
different batch showed a mean life of 1,280 hours with
standard deviation of 398 hours. Is there a significant
difference between the means of the two batches?
Example:
Kaveri Spa has advertised a weight reducing program
and has claimed that the average weight loss is more
than 17 pounds. A somewhat overweight executive is
interested in the program but is sceptical about the
claims and asks for some evidence. The spa gives him
the following data. At 5 % level of significance check if
the claim made by the spa is correct or not.
Before 189 202 220 207 194 177 193 202 208 233

After 170 179 203 192 172 161 174 187 186 204
BEFORE AFTER LOSS x LOSS SQUARED
189 170 19 361
202 179 23 529
220 203 17 289
207 192 15 225
194 172 22 484
177 161 16 256
193 174 19 361
202 187 15 225
208 186 22 484
233 204 29 841
TOTAL: 197 4055
HO: 𝜇1 − 𝜇2 = 17
Average weight loss is 17 pounds

H1: 𝜇1 − 𝜇2 > 17
Average weight loss is more than 17 pounds
𝑥 197
𝑥 = = = 19.7
𝑛 10

𝑥2 𝑛𝑥 2 4055
𝑠 = − = − 10(19.7)2
𝑛−1 𝑛−1 9

 =1.39
𝑋−𝜇 19.7−17
t-test = = = 1.94
𝑆𝐸 1.39
 T distribution statistic at (10+10-2)=18 degrees of
freedom, (one sided) 5 % level of significance is 1.734
t statistic > t critical , hence we cannot accept the null
hypothesis.

The weight loss after undergoing the program is more


than 17 pounds.

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