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Chapter 7-Measures-Of-Variability Part 1 5e707cf9511fd PDF

This document discusses measures of variability in data sets including range, mean absolute deviation, variance, and standard deviation. It provides examples of calculating these measures for different data sets and explains that measures of variability indicate how dispersed or spread out the values are from the average. A data set with a larger range, mean absolute deviation, variance, or standard deviation would be considered more dispersed than a data set with smaller measures of variability.

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Arquin Vincy
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320 views15 pages

Chapter 7-Measures-Of-Variability Part 1 5e707cf9511fd PDF

This document discusses measures of variability in data sets including range, mean absolute deviation, variance, and standard deviation. It provides examples of calculating these measures for different data sets and explains that measures of variability indicate how dispersed or spread out the values are from the average. A data set with a larger range, mean absolute deviation, variance, or standard deviation would be considered more dispersed than a data set with smaller measures of variability.

Uploaded by

Arquin Vincy
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Measures of Variability

Chapter 7
Measures of Variability
Variability is a measure of the spread of a data set.
Measures that will show dispersion.
It indicates the degree or extent to which numerical
values are dispersed or spread out about the average
value in a distribution.
Ex: The ff. are scores of two students in five quizzes.
Which is more dispersed?

A: 10 12 15 18 20 x  15

B: 2 8 15 22 28 x  15

B is more dispersed than A.


Measures of Variation for Small or Ungrouped Data
Range – is the difference between the highest and the
lowest measurements.

R = HV – LV
Ex:
A: R = HV – LV
= 20 – 10 = 10

B: R = HV – LV
= 28 – 2 = 26

B is more dispersed than A


Remarks: Applicable for small samples, but when the
numbers of items becomes large, the range become
unstable. Range only considers the highest and the lowest.
Other values (majority) are not considered.

Mean Absolute Deviation – average of the absolute


deviations of each measurement from the mean of the
distribution.
 Mean Absolute Deviation Formula

xx Where: x – individual score


N – number of items
MAD  x – mean
N
x  x – absolute value
Ex: scores of A scores of B
x xx xx x xx xx
10 -5 5 2 - 13 13
12 -3 3 8 -7 7
15 0 0 15 0 0
18 3 3 22 7 7
20 5 5 28 13 13
Σ= 75  = 16 Σ= 75  = 40

x  15
16 40
MAD  MAD 
5 5
= 3.2 =8
MADA < MADB ; the lesser the MAD, the less dispersed is
the distribution. B is more dispersed than A.
Exercises/Quiz: Answer the following questions. Choose
only two.
1. Find the a. range, b. mean absolute deviation for the
following ages of 9 Math CS 4 students: 18, 16, 20,
22, 17, 15, 20, 19, 24.
2. Find the a. range, b. mean absolute deviation for the
grades of 10 students in Statistics: 85, 70, 89, 84, 90,
92, 75, 81, 78, 87.
3. The weights in kilos of 10 students are: 50, 55, 48, 60,
54, 48, 57, 45, 52, 63. Find the a. range, b. mean
absolute deviation.
4. The diameters in millimetres of one dozen pieces of
tubing are: 6.11, 5.94, 5.90, 6.12, 6.21, 5.85, 6.25,
5.98, 6.33, 6.05, 6.31, and 6.18. Find the range and
mean absolute deviation.
Variance and Standard Deviation
Variance is the average of the squares of the deviations
from the mean.
Standard deviation is the positive root of the variance.
- it is important as a measure of heterogeneity or
unevenness within a set of observations.
 symbols:
 2
- variance of a population
s 2 - variance of a sample

 xx   2
s 
2 
 xx  2

 2

N N 1
Ex: Scores of A Scores of B
x xx ( x  x) 2 x xx ( x  x) 2
10 -5 25 2 -13 169
12 -3 9 8 -7 49
15 0 0 15 0 0
18 3 9 22 7 49
20 5 25 28 13 169
= 68 = 436
( x  x)2
( x  x)2
 A2  B2 
N N
68 436
A 2
 B 2

5 5
 A  13 .6
2
 B  87 . 2
2
Continuation:
Standard Deviation:
 A = 3.69  B = 9.34
The lesser the standard deviation, the less dispersed is
the distribution.
The greater the standard deviation, the more
dispersed is the distribution.
B is more dispersed than A.
Alternative Formula
Raw Score Method ( use when the mean are not simple
round numbers/whole numbers)
2
 x 2
  x 
 2
  
N  N 
where:
 x 2 - sum of the squares of the x values
(  x ) - square of the sum of the x values
2

N - Number of items in the population


Ex: Scores of A
x x2 = 238.6 – 225
10 100
12 144  2
= 13.6
15 225
18
  3.69
324
20 400
=75 =1,193
2
x x2
 
2
 
N  N 
2
1,193  75 
 
2
 
5 5
Continuation:
Scores of B 2
1,561  75 
x x 2  
2
 
5 5
2 4
8 64
= 312.2 – 225
15 225
22 484
 2  87.2
28 784
= 75 =1,561   9.34
2
x  x 
2
 
2
 
N N
Your Turn

Version#d
Exercises/quiz: Answer the ff questions:
1. A department store collects data on sales by each of its
salespeople. The number of sales made on a given day
by each of the 12 salespeople, are as follows:
14, 16, 17, 16, 24, 21, 22, 18, 19, 18, 20, 17
Find the a) mean, b) range, c) mean absolute deviation,
d) variance, and e) standard deviation
2. The grades of 6 students are: 73, 81, 83, 89, 95 and
99. Find a)mean, b) range, c) mean absolute deviation,
d) variance, and e) standard deviation.
3. The weights in kilos of 10 students are: 50, 55, 48, 60,
54, 48, 57, 45, 52, 63. Find the a) mean, b) range, c)
mean absolute deviation, d) variance, & e) standard
deviation
4. The diameters in millimetres of one dozen pieces of
tubing are: 6.11, 5.94, 5.90, 6.12, 6.21, 5.85, 6.25,
5.98, 6.33, 6.05, 6.31, and 6.18. Find the range and
mean absolute deviation.

Version#d

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