Holes Lesson Plan
Holes Lesson Plan
Holes Lesson Plan
ELA – 7/8
Holes Cause and Effect Lesson Plan
Education Standards
1. Students will be able to c
ite several pieces of textual evidence to support
analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
2. Students will be able to d
etermine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze
its development over the course of the text; provide an objective summary of the
text.
3. Students will be able to organize ideas, concepts, and information using
strategies such as definition, classification, comparison/contrast, and
cause/effect; use appropriate transitions to create cohesion and clarify the
1
relationships among ideas and concepts; provide a concluding statement or
section; include formatting when useful to aiding comprehension.
Objectives
1. Reconstruct temporal order in a narrative
2. Identify cause and effect relationships in the development of a narrative
Materials Needed
1. Holes by Louis Sachar (1 per student, read before this lesson)
2. Chain reaction worksheet (1 per student)
Verification
Steps to check for student understanding
1. 5-point rubric that assesses: ability to organize the events of the story
chronologically, ability to identify and understand the cause and effect for each
event
2. Chain reaction worksheet
3. Participation in scenes
Activity
Hook: Sound and motion. Have students stand in a circle and think of the characters
from Holes. The first student makes a sound and motion based on that character and
passes it to the person next to them. The sound and motion is passed around the circle
until it gets back to the first student, who repeats their sound and motion. The person
next to them creates a new sound and motion which gets passed around the circle. This
continues until everyone has made up a sound and motion.
Work with students to list four or five major events from the story Holes on the board.
Break students up into four groups. Assign each group one of the events. Each group
chooses one thing about that event to change. Each group will come up with 2 scenes.
2
In the first scene, they must show what event they are changing and how it is changing.
In the second, they will show the different effect that change has on the outcome of the
story. Ex.: Stanley is never accused of stealing the sneakers, Stanley never gets sent to
Camp Green Lake. Each group will perform their scenes for the rest of the class. Ask
each group to name the cause in their first scene, and the effect that is changed in the
second scene.
Students will work independently on a chain reaction worksheet. Have students write
each event in the appropriate chronological order in the appropriate space on the chain.
Then, students will write the cause and effect of each event at the bottom of the page.
Discuss the process a writer goes through in designing a story and ask students if they
believe the story would have been better if it had been presented in chronological order.
Discuss differences in cause and effect in a narrative and cause and effect in historical
events. Which is more complex, and why? How can we understand history if no cause
and effect exists?
3
I determined the objective for this lesson by looking at the Common Core
standards for 7th grade English Language Arts as well as the PA Core
Standards. I thought about books that impacted me in middle school and
what it was about those stories that inspired me. I chose Holes because
the multiple story lines interested me, and lend themselves to teaching
about cause and effect. This lesson aligns with C.C.1.4.7.D of the PA Core
Standards and CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.7.1 and
CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.7.2 from the Common Core Standards. Students
who have met or are on track with the objective will receive high marks on
the 5-point rubric and be able to chronologically organize the events of the
story, as well as have clear and appropriate responses on the chain
reaction worksheet. I feel H
oles is an excellent choice of material because
4