Holes Lesson Plan

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ELA – 7/8 
Holes Cause and Effect Lesson Plan 

Teacher​:​ Ms. Havu 


Date:​ 02/29/2020 

Overview & Purpose 


Students will outline the major events in ​Holes​ in order to learn to distinguish and/or 
choose important information from a text, and also begin to understand a narrative as a 
causal chain of events.  

Education Standards 
1. Students will be able to c
​ ite several pieces of textual evidence to support 
analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text. 
2. Students will be able to d
​ etermine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze 
its development over the course of the text; provide an objective summary of the 
text. 
3. Students will be able to organize ideas, concepts, and information using 
strategies such as definition, classification, comparison/contrast, and 
cause/effect; use appropriate transitions to create cohesion and clarify the 

 

 
relationships among ideas and concepts; provide a concluding statement or 
section; include formatting when useful to aiding comprehension. 

Objectives 
1. Reconstruct temporal order in a narrative 
2. Identify cause and effect relationships in the development of a narrative 

Materials Needed 
1. Holes​ by Louis Sachar (1 per student, read before this lesson)  
2. Chain reaction worksheet (1 per student) 

Verification 
Steps to check for student understanding 

1. 5-point rubric that assesses: ability to organize the events of the story 
chronologically, ability to identify and understand the cause and effect for each 
event 
2. Chain reaction worksheet 
3. Participation in scenes 

Activity 
Hook: Sound and motion. Have students stand in a circle and think of the characters 
from Holes. The first student makes a sound and motion based on that character and 
passes it to the person next to them. The sound and motion is passed around the circle 
until it gets back to the first student, who repeats their sound and motion. The person 
next to them creates a new sound and motion which gets passed around the circle. This 
continues until everyone has made up a sound and motion.  

Work with students to list four or five major events from the story ​Holes​ on the board.  

Break students up into four groups. Assign each group one of the events. Each group 
chooses one thing about that event to change. Each group will come up with 2 scenes. 

 

 
In the first scene, they must show what event they are changing and how it is changing. 
In the second, they will show the different effect that change has on the outcome of the 
story. Ex.: Stanley is never accused of stealing the sneakers, Stanley never gets sent to 
Camp Green Lake. Each group will perform their scenes for the rest of the class. Ask 
each group to name the cause in their first scene, and the effect that is changed in the 
second scene.  

Students will work independently on a chain reaction worksheet. Have students write 
each event in the appropriate chronological order in the appropriate space on the chain. 
Then, students will write the cause and effect of each event at the bottom of the page.  

Discuss the process a writer goes through in designing a story and ask students if they 
believe the story would have been better if it had been presented in chronological order. 
Discuss differences in cause and effect in a narrative and cause and effect in historical 
events. Which is more complex, and why? How can we understand history if no cause 
and effect exists?  

 

 

I determined the objective for this lesson by looking at the Common Core 
standards for 7th grade English Language Arts as well as the PA Core 
Standards. I thought about books that impacted me in middle school and 
what it was about those stories that inspired me. I chose ​Holes​ because 
the multiple story lines interested me, and lend themselves to teaching 
about cause and effect. This lesson aligns with C.C.1.4.7.D of the PA Core 
Standards and CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.7.1 and 
CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.7.2 from the Common Core Standards. Students 
who have met or are on track with the objective will receive high marks on 
the 5-point rubric and be able to chronologically organize the events of the 
story, as well as have clear and appropriate responses on the chain 
reaction worksheet. I feel H
​ oles​ is an excellent choice of material because 

 

 

it has characters that the diverse students in the Philadelphia school 


system can easily identify with, and is written in a very accessible and 
entertaining way. There is also a film version available so students who 
struggle with literacy skills have a visual way to connect with the story and 
characters, as well as a play that can be used in class alongside the text 
and film so all learners have a way to connect with the story. Breaking the 
students into groups will give me the opportunity to pair students who 
already have a strong grasp of the concepts in this lesson have an 
opportunity to mentor their peers and gain leadership skills. 

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