Melab 2 Test

MLAB 422
ME LABORATORY 2
EXPERIMENT TITLE
SUBMITTED BY:
MARCH 20, 2020

DATE
Experiment
FAN TEST
THEORY or DESCRIPTION:
The Pitot Static tube measures the total pressure (or impact pressure) at the
nose of the Pitot
tube and the static pressure of the gas stream at side ports. The difference
of these pressures,
i.e. the dynamic or velocity pressure (Pdynamic) varies with the square of
the gas velocity.
Thus the gas velocity may be expressed as:
where r is the gas density and C is a correction constant dependent

on the design of the Pitot
Static tube.
Assumption: The flow is incompressible
A centrifugal fan is provided with an inlet cone that serves to measure air
flow through the
fan. The inlet cone has a flared inlet for receiving air, a narrow throat, and a
flared outlet for
expelling air into the center of a rotating fan wheel. Pressure taps are
provided to measure the
static pressure at the inlet and the throat. The difference between these
pressures, adjusted for
the empirically determined characteristics of the inlet cone, can be used as
an indication of air
flow. In one aspect of the invention, a controller monitors the pressure
differential, calculates
a flow rate based on the characteristics of the cone, and adjusts the fan
speed to maintain a
desired air flow.
OBJECTIVES:
1. To use the pitot static to determine the volumetric flow in small wind
tunnel.
2. To get the static pressure drop of a centrifugal fan as a function of applied
impedence.
3. To plot the centrifugal fan performance graph (Static pressure difference
vs. Volumetric flow)
MATERIALS / EQUIPMENT:
 Pitot Static Tube
 Centrifugal Fan
 Manometer
PROCEDURE:
1. The equipment is set up so that the airflow circuit includes that conical
inlet
measuring unit, inlet straightener, bench mounted fan unit and output flow
straightener and outlet air control valve.
2. The exit valve is adjusted like in Table 1 and for each measurement the
3-tranverse
velocity pressure and the static pressure. Data is recorded in Table 3.
3. Upright manometer tube scaled 0.5kPa is connected to measure the
static pressure
difference between the fan outlet and inlet pressure tapping.
SAMPLE DATA/RESULTS
Table/Calculations, insert
Air temperatre, Tair,1 = 25 °C; Tair,2 = 273 + Tair,1 = 298 K
Atmosphere pressure, Patm = 1013.25 mmBar
Control valve Pitot tube Local velocity Local Static
position position pressure, pressure,
Pv [kPa] Ps [kPa]
Almost open
 Top  2.10  3.20
 Centre  2.58  3.20
 Bottom  1.70  3.18
Partially open
 Top  1.10  ---
 Centre  2.50  3.25
 Bottom  2.20  ---
Centre
 Top  1.39  ---
 Centre  2.30  3.45
 Bottom  1.80  ---
Partially closed  Top  1.30  ---

 Centre  1.95  3.84
 Bottom  1.45  ---
Almost closed  Top  0.45  ---

 Centre  0.70  4.35
 Bottom  0.60  ---
Control valve position Static pressure difference,

Ps [kPa]
Almost open 3.19
Partially open 3.25
Centre 3.45
Partially closed 3.84
Almost closed 4.35
Control Effectiv Effectiv Air Averag Reynolds Mass Volume

valve e e density e #, Flow tric
position Velocit Absolut , velocity Re Rate, flow,
y e ρ , (dimension M Q [m3/s]
pressur static [kg/m3] V [m/s] less) [kg/s]
e pressur
Pv, eff e
[kPa] Ps,abs
[kPa]
Almost 2.13 104.515 1.222 59.04 5.694x10 1.208 0.9883
open
Partially 1.93 104.575 1.223 56.18 5.422 x105 1.150 0.9405
open
Centre 1.83 104.775 1.225 54.66 5.276 x105 1.121 0.9150
Partially 1.57 105.165 1.230 50.53 4.905 x105 1.040 0.8459

closed
Almost 0.58 105.675 1.236 30.64 2.989 x105 0.634 0.5129
closed
CALCULATION:
i. Effective velocity pressure, PV,eff [kPa]
= (2.10 + 2.58 + 1.70) / 3
= 2.13kPa
ii. Effective absolute static pressure, PS,abs [kPa]
From data given, 1 m bar = 100 [kPa]
Patm = 1013.25mm x 1m x 100 kPa
1000 mm 1mBar
= 101.325 kPa
PS,abs = Patm + PS
= 101.325 + 3.19
= 104.515 kPa
iii. Air density, ρ

From the equation, air density ρ is given by:
ρ = PS,abs
RTair,2
with R is gas constant, R = 287 [m2/s2.K]
Therefore,
ρ = PS,abs
RTair,2
= 104.515 kPa
287 x 298
= 1.222 kg/m3
iv. Average velocity, V [m/s]

V = (2 PV,eff / ρ )1/2
= (2 x 2.13k / 1.222)1/2
= 59.04 m/s
v. Reynold number, Re (dimensionless)
Re = VD ρ / μ
Thus,
V as the average velocity of the air,
D is the diameter of the duct,
ρ is the air’s density at the taken point, and
μ is the air’s viscosity, measured in the value related to the temperature in taken.
The value of μ at 25oC is 1.85x10-5.
Therefore;
Re = VD ρ / μ
= 59.04 x 0.146 x 1.222 / 1.85x10-5
5.694x105.
vi. Volumetric flow, Q
Q = AcV
with Ac is the area of the duct.
Computing Ac, we get:
Ac = πr2
= π (0.146 / 2)2
= 16.74x10-3 m2.
Thus;
Q = 16.74x10-3 x 59.04
= 0.9883 m3/s.
vii. Mass flow rate, m [kg/s]

m = Qρ
= (0.9883) (1.222)
= 1.208 kg / s
Discussion
Theoretically, the Pitot tube will be connected to the pressure transducer to measure total
pressure and fluid velocity. Total pressure is defined as pressure at point in an airstreams
existing by virtue of the air density and the degree of compression and rate of motion of the
air; hence it is the sum of static and velocity pressure while static pressure is the pressure at a
point in an airstreams existing by virtue of the air density and its degree of compression, and
it is independent of the rate of motion of the air. Meanwhile, the velocity pressure defined as
the pressure at a point in an air streams existing by virtue of the air density and its rate of
motion .
Before we do the experiment we should know that result for traverse location at the
center point should be higher compared to top or bottom point. This is because accuracy of
reading increase with the increase of traverse pitot tube location in the wind tunnel and this is
true with our result. We also get almost same result for the local static pressure for aech
condition and this is because local static pressure is constant due to actual thermodynamic
pressure of fluid that does not incorporate with any dynamic effects.
There are things that we need to take precaution of in this experiment. It is required not to
stand in front of the inlet air intake because this will greatly cause error in the experment. We
also must be alert all the time while taking the reading because the reading keep changing and
we required o take reading for the lowest reading when doing the experiment. Member of the
group must be able to cooperate with each other so that the experiment will be smoothly and
easily.
SAMPLE CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the objectives of the experiment have been achieved. We managed to
measure the volumetric flow using the Pitot static tube and obtained the Static pressure drop
of a centrifugal fan as a function of applied impedance and plot a graph of it. The graph also
agrees with the theory that the pressure is decreasing with increasing volumetric flow.
Overall the objectives is achieved.

Melab 2 Test

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MLAB 422

MARCH 20, 2020

where r is the gas density and C is a correction constant dependent

Assumption: The flow is incompressible

Partially closed  Top  1.30  ---

Almost closed  Top  0.45  ---

Control valve position Static pressure difference,

Control Effectiv Effectiv Air Averag Reynolds Mass Volume

Partially 1.57 105.165 1.230 50.53 4.905 x105 1.040 0.8459

iii. Air density, ρ

iv. Average velocity, V [m/s]

vii. Mass flow rate, m [kg/s]

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