On Noteworthy Applications of Laplace

Volume 5, Issue 3, March – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
On Noteworthy Applications of Laplace

Transform in Real Life
P. C. Jadhav, S. S. Sawant, O. S. Kunjir, T. A. Karanjkar
(Sinhgad Academy of Engineering, Pune)
Abstract:- Mathematics is a methodical application of matter. It is so said because the subject makes a man methodical or
more systematic. To justify & validate research findings, various mathematical tools are used. Laplace transform plays a vital
role in wide field of science & technology which can be considered as a shortcut for complex calculations. This paper provides
solid foundation of what Laplace transform is and its properties and its application in various fields which can further be
useful in real life as well.
MSC: 34A08; 34C10; 26A33
Keywords:- Laplace Transform, Mass Spring Damper System, Chemical Pollution, Transfer Function.
I. INTRODUCTION INTEGRAL TRANSFORM
Let K(s, t) be a function of two variables‘s’ and ‘t’ where‘s’ is a parameter (may be real or complex) independent of t. The
function f(s) defined by the integral (assumed to be convergent)
∞
∞
𝑓(𝑠) = ∫ 𝐾(𝑠, 𝑡)𝐹(𝑡)𝑑𝑡

−∞
is called the Integral transform of the function F(t) and is denoted by L{F(t)}
The function 𝐾(𝑠, 𝑡) is called the Kernel of the transformation (also called Integral Kernel or Nucleus).
A. Laplace Transform:
If the Kernel 𝐾(𝑠, 𝑡) is defined as
0 , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 < 0
K(s, t) = {
𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 ≥ 0
∞
then 𝑓(𝑠) = ∫0 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝐹(𝑡)𝑑𝑡
The f(s) defined by the above equation is called the Laplace Transform of the function F(t) and is also denoted by L{F(t)} or
F(s).
B. Existance of Laplace Transforms:

If F(t) is piecewise continuous in every finite interval and is of exponential order ‘a’ as t → ∞, then Laplace Transform of F(t)
that is F(s) exist ∀ s > a.The Laplace Transform has several applications in the field of science and technology. In this paper we will
discuss about applications of Laplace Transform in real life.
C. Properties of Laplace Transform
 Linearity Property: -
L {a𝐹1 (x) + b𝐹2 (x)} = 𝑎 𝐿{𝐹1 (𝑥)} + 𝑏𝐿{𝐹2 (𝑥)}
Where a and b are constants
IJISRT20MAR091 www.ijisrt.com 41
ISSN No:-2456-2165
 Change of scale property: -
 First shifting property: - if L {F(x)} = f(s) then

L {𝑒 −𝑎(𝑥)}= 𝑓(𝑠 + 𝑎)
 Laplace transform of derivatives: -
{𝑓 𝑛 (𝑡)} = 𝑛 𝐿{𝑓(𝑡)} - 𝑠 𝑛 −1 𝑓(0) - 𝑠 𝑛−2 𝑓 ′ (0) - ….- 𝑓 𝑛 −1 (0)
II. APPLICATIONS
A. Mass Spring Damper System

The suspension system of the car is meant for driver’s control of the car & comfort of occupants. The spring allows the wheels to
move up to absorb bumps in the road & reduce jolting, while the dampers prevent bouncing up & down Consider the mechanical
system as shown in figure.
Fig (1.1)
The generalized equation for the system can be formulated as 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑥̈ + 𝑏𝑥̇ + 𝑘𝑥 w
erm= mass of system
h
b= damping coefficient k= spring coefficient x= displacement
F= Resultant force
Taking Laplace transform throughout
The generalized equation for the system can be formulated as 𝐹 = 𝐹𝐹̈ + 𝐹𝐹̇ + 𝐹𝐹 w
erm= mass of system
h
b= damping coefficient k= spring coefficient x= displacement
F= Resultant force
The generalized equation for the system can be formulated as 𝐹 = 𝐹𝐹̈ + 𝐹𝐹̇ + 𝐹𝐹 wherm= mass of system
b= damping coefficient k= spring
coefficient x= displacement
F= Resultant force
2𝐹 𝐹𝐹
From fig (1.1), 𝐹 + 4 + 3𝐹 = 10 sin 𝐹𝐹
𝐹𝐹2 𝐹𝐹
Taking Laplace transform throughout
ISSN No:-2456-2165
𝐹2 𝐹 𝐹𝐹
L[
𝐹𝐹 2
] + 4 𝐹 [ 𝐹𝐹 ] + 3𝐹 [𝐹] = 10 L[ sin 𝐹𝐹]
By (II) & assuming initial conditions ,
(0) = ′ (0) = 0
𝐹
(𝐹2 + 4𝐹 + 3)(𝐹) = 10
𝐹2 + 𝐹2
Taking 𝐹 = 1
10
(𝐹) = 2 2
(𝐹 + 1)(𝐹 + 4𝐹 + 3)
Solving it by partial fraction,
1 1
1
−
1
(− ) 𝐹 +
4 20 5 10
(𝐹) = 10 [ + + ]
𝐹+1 𝐹+3 𝐹2 + 1
Taking inverse Laplace transform,

1 −𝐹 1 1 1
() −3𝐹
𝐹 𝐹 = 10 [ − 𝐹 − cos 𝐹 + 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹]
4 20 5 10
Hence,
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Graph of solution of the system
Fig. (1.2)
Depending upon the mass, spring coefficient and damper coefficient, different responses to the system can be recorded. It is
necessary to analyze the mass-spring-damper system mathematically to be able to size your spring, damper and the mass of the object
you want to stabilize and to be able to describe the reaction for a given system.
B. Chemical Pollution in a Reservoir

Water Pollution due to contaminants has become serious threat to environment as well as to human health. Normally pollution I
large reservoirs commonly occurs on a time dependent scale in which system is not in steady state condition for pollutants. The basic
idea is,
The formulation that governs time dependent concentration of an aqueous species in a reservoir is,
 H1: Volume of reservoir is constant

 H2: Flow rate remains constant
 H3 : Reaction rate remains constant
 H4 : Pollutant is uniformly distributed in reservoir
 H5 : Input & output of water is same By H4 & H5 ,
As, M(t) = V𝐶0 (𝑡)
dM(t)
= 𝑄𝐶0 −
dt
QM(t) V
𝑑𝐶
𝑉 = 𝑄𝐶0 − 𝑄𝐶
Assuming only fresh water is coming in,
∴ 𝐶0 = 0
𝑑𝐶
ISSN No:-2456-2165
⇒ +
𝑑𝑡
𝑄
𝐶=0
𝑉
Applying Laplace transform & solving,
𝑄
)𝑡
(𝑡) = (0)𝑒(−𝑉
Ex.
How much time would it take for pollutant to reach acceptable level if volume of lake is 25 × 106𝑚3,
Flow of fresh water is 1.5 × 106 𝑚3 , initial concentration of contaminant is 106 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑠/𝑚3 & acceptable level of pollutant is 5 × 106 𝑚3 ?
𝑄
)𝑡
⇒ (𝑡) = (0)𝑒(−𝑉
Solving it with given data,required time can be calculated as 𝑡 = 11.55 units approximately
Hence, such a model can be prepared to overcome water pollution which has serious ill effects over human health.
C. Transfer Function of Control System
Fig (3.1)
The tank shown in figure is initially empty. A constant flow rate Qin is added for t>0. The rate at which flow leaves the tank
(Qout) = CH.
A = cross sectional area M = Mass of fluid
ρ = density of fluid
Since Mass= volume * density M = AH * ρ

Hence mass flow rate
𝑑𝑀 = (AH * ρ)
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
ISSN No:-2456-2165
= ρA *𝑑𝐻
𝑑𝑡
To construct a differential equation for head H we know, mass flow rate into tank is equal to mass in flow rate – mass out flow
rate.
𝑑𝐻
Hence ρA * = ρ Qin - ρ Qout
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝐻
i.e. A * = Qin – CH……..
𝑑𝑡
(since Qout = CH)
𝑑𝐻
Hence Qin = A * + CH
𝑑𝑡
Taking Laplace Transform on both sides

𝑑𝐻
L[𝑄] = 𝐴 *𝐿 [ ] +
∗ 𝐿[𝐻]
𝑖𝑛
𝑠 𝑑𝑡 𝑠
From property (d),
𝐻(𝑆)
𝑄𝑖𝑛(𝑆)
1
=
𝑆𝐴𝑠+𝐶𝑠
………….. (1)
But we know,𝑢𝑡 = CH Applying Laplace transform,
(𝑆)
𝐻(𝑆) = 𝑄𝑜𝑢𝑡 …………… (2)
𝐶𝑆
From Equation (1) and (2)
𝑄𝑜(𝑆) 1
=
𝑄𝑖𝑛(𝑆)
𝐴𝑆
1+(𝐶 )
𝑆
which represents transfer function of control system.
Hence using this transfer function we can control the water level in tank.
ISSN No:-2456-2165
III. CONCLUSION
In this paper we have tried focusing on such unusual applications of Laplace Transform which may resolve many practical
problems in day to day life in easier way.
Such as Mass Damper System takes care of an individual’s comfort. Chemical Pollution model may help us to reduce hazardous
chemicals in water which may in turn be beneficial to human life. Also the Transfer function derived by using Laplace Transform may
help us to regulate water which is very important natural resource.
REFERENCES
[1]. J. K. Goyal , “Laplace & Fourier Transforms”. Pragati Prakashan, 1990, 8175567058, 9788175567054.
[2]. Ananda K. and Gangadharaiah Y. H,” Applications of Laplace Transforms in Engineering and Economics”. International Journal
of Trend in Research and Development, Volume 3(1), ISSN: 2394-9333,2016.
[3]. Sunil Kumar, Amit Kumar, Devendra Kumar , Jagdev Singh, Arvind Singh ”Analytical solution of Abel integral equation
arisingin astrophysics via Laplace transform”. Journal of the Egyptian Mathematical Society (2015) 23, 102–107.
[4]. N. A. PATIL and VIJAYA N. PATIL,” LAPLACE TRANSFORM IN FINANCEN. A.”.Sci. Revs. Chem. Commun.: 2(3), 2012,
264-271 ISSN 2277-2669.
[5]. L.S. Sawant,” APPLICATIONS OF LAPLACE TRANSFORM IN ENGINEERING
[6]. FIELDS”. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 05 |
May-2018 ISSN: 2395-0072.
[7]. Arnold, David, ”Differential Equations Mixture Problem Theory." College of the Redwoods, Differential Equations Class Spring
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Volume 5, Issue 3, March – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

On Noteworthy Applications of Laplace

MSC: 34A08; 34C10; 26A33

I. INTRODUCTION INTEGRAL TRANSFORM

𝑓(𝑠) = ∫ 𝐾(𝑠, 𝑡)𝐹(𝑡)𝑑𝑡

B. Existance of Laplace Transforms:

C. Properties of Laplace Transform

Where a and b are constants

 First shifting property: - if L {F(x)} = f(s) then

{𝑓 𝑛 (𝑡)} = 𝑛 𝐿{𝑓(𝑡)} - 𝑠 𝑛 −1 𝑓(0) - 𝑠 𝑛−2 𝑓 ′ (0) - ….- 𝑓 𝑛 −1 (0)

A. Mass Spring Damper System

Taking Laplace transform throughout

b= damping coefficient k= spring

Taking Laplace transform throughout

By (II) & assuming initial conditions ,

Solving it by partial fraction,

Taking inverse Laplace transform,

B. Chemical Pollution in a Reservoir

 H1: Volume of reservoir is constant

As, M(t) = V𝐶0 (𝑡)

Applying Laplace transform & solving,

C. Transfer Function of Control System

Since Mass= volume * density M = AH * ρ

(since Qout = CH)

Taking Laplace Transform on both sides

From property (d),

From Equation (1) and (2)

which represents transfer function of control system.

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