ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 22-2007

(Supersedes ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 22-2003)

ASHRAE STANDARD
Methods of Testing for
Rating Water-Cooled
Refrigerant
Condensers
Approved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee on June 23, 2007; by the ASHRAE Board of Directors on June 27,
2007; and by the American National Standards Institute on June 28, 2007.

ASHRAE Standards are scheduled to be updated on a five-year cycle; the date following the standard number is
the year of ASHRAE Board of Directors approval. The latest copies may be purchased from ASHRAE Customer
Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: [email protected]. Fax: 404-321-5478. Tele-
phone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide) or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US and Canada).

© Copyright 2007 ASHRAE, Inc.

ISSN 1041-2336

www.ansi.org

American Society of Heating, Refrigerating

and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
1791 Tullie Circle NE, Atlanta, GA 30329
www.ashrae.org
 ASHRAE Standard Project Committee 22
Cognizant TC: TC 8.5, Liquid-to-Refrigerant Heat Exchangers

cêÉÇ=`K=pÜÉáÇã~åI=ChairG Harold B. Ginder* Robert R. Miller*

Arthur G. Fovargue* Joesph T. Pearson*

*Denotes members of voting status when the document was previously approved for publication

STANDARDS REAFFIRMATION SUBCOMMITTEE 2006–2007*

James Lutz, Chair Steven Bushby Bodh Subherwal
Michael Beda R. Michael Martin James Woods

*For the 2007 revision in which minor changes were performed

(i.e., updating references), SRS acted as the consensus project committee

ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 2006–2007

David E. Knebel, Chair Roger L. Hedrick H. Michael Newman
Stephen D. Kennedy, Vice- John F. Hogan Stephen V. Santoro
Chair Eli P. Howard, III Lawrence J. Schoen
Michael F. Beda Frank E. Jakob Stephen V. Skalko
Donald L. Brandt Jay A. Kohler Bodh R. Subherwal
Steven T. Bushby James D. Lutz Jerry W. White, Jr.
Paul W. Cabot Carol E. Marriott James E. Woods
Hugh F. Crowther Merle F. McBride Richard D. Hermans, BOD
Samuel D. Cummings, Jr. Mark P. Modera ExO
Robert G. Doerr Ross D. Montgomery Hugh D. McMillan, III, CO

Claire B. Ramspeck, Assistant Director of Technology for Standards and Special Projects

SPECIAL NOTE
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DISCLAIMER
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ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDS

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 CONTENTS

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 22-2007

Methods of Testing for Rating Water-Cooled Refrigerant Condensers
SECTION PAGE
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NOTE
When addenda, interpretations, or errata to this standard have been approved, they can be downloaded
free of charge from the ASHRAE Web site at http://www.ashrae.org.

© Copyright 2007 American Society of Heating,

Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
1791 Tullie Circle NE
Atlanta, GA 30329
www.ashrae.org
All rights reserved.
(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merely refrigerant circulated through it. This is the product of the
informative and does not contain requirements necessary mass rate of refrigerant flow (wr) and the difference of
for conformance to the standard. It has not been enthalpy of the entering and leaving refrigerant fluid.
processed according to the ANSI requirements for a
standard and may contain material that has not been water-cooled refrigerant condenser: a factory-made assem-
subject to public review or a consensus process. bly of elements by which the flows of refrigerant vapor and
Unresolved objectors on informative material are not water are maintained in such a heat transfer relationship that
offered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.) the refrigerant vapor is condensed into a liquid.

FOREWORD 4. EXPRESSION OF TEST RESULTS

This is a revision of ASHRAE Standard 22-2003. 4.1 Terms Recommended for Expressing Test Results
This standard prescribes methods for testing water- 4.1.1 In expressing test results, the following factors
cooled refrigerant condensers. To attain this objective, the should be stated:
standard lists and defines the terms suggested for rating
water-cooled refrigerant condensers and establishes testing a. condensing heat rejection (qc), Btu/h (kW),
methods that may be used as a basis for obtaining ratings of b. subcooling heat rejection (qs), Btu/h (kW),
water-cooled refrigerant condensers. c. saturated temperature of entering refrigerant vapor,
This standard was prepared under the auspices of the °F (°C),
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Condi- d. temperature of entering water, °F (°C),
tioning Engineers (ASHRAE). It may be used, in whole or e. water mass flow rate (ww), lbm/h (kg/s), and
in part, by an association or government agency with due
f. water pressure drop through condenser, psi (kPa).
credit to ASHRAE. Adherence is strictly on a voluntary
basis and merely in the interests of obtaining uniform stan-
dards throughout the industry. 5. TEST METHODS
The changes made for the 2007 revision were that the ref-
erences were updated. 5.1 Standard Test Methods
5.1.1 Tests shall consist of a primary test and a simulta-
1. PURPOSE neous confirming test at the conditions specified.
This standard prescribes methods of testing the thermal 5.1.2 Specified conditions will include
performance of water-cooled refrigerant condensers.
a. either the total heat rejection, Btu/h (kW), or the satu-
2. SCOPE rated temperature of entering refrigerant vapor, °F (°C),
b. temperature of entering water, °F (°C),
To attain this objective, this standard c. water mass flow rate, lbm/h (kg/s),
a. lists and defines the terms suggested for the rating of d. minimum superheat of entering vapor, °R (K),
water-cooled refrigerant condensers and e. minimum ambient temperature, °F (°C),
b. establishes methods of test that can be used as a basis f. subcooling, °F (°C), and
for obtaining ratings of water-cooled refrigerant con- g. refrigerant used.
densers.
5.1.3 The results of the confirming test shall be within 3%
3. DEFINITION OF TERMS of the primary test, but the primary test shall govern for rating
purposes.
condensing heat rejection (qc ): the portion of the total heat
rejection of a condenser that is used for desuperheating and 5.1.4 Refrigerant flow through the condenser shall be pro-
condensing the entering refrigerant vapor to a saturated liq- duced by one of the following means (see Figures 1a and 1b):
uid. This is the product of the mass rate of refrigerant flow
(wr) and the difference between the enthalpy of the entering a. refrigerating compressor and low-side evaporator or
refrigerant vapor and that of the saturated refrigerant liquid at calorimeter (preferred method) or
the leaving pressure. b. refrigerant boiler.

subcooling heat rejection (qs ): the total heat rejection minus 5.2 Primary Test Methods
the condensing heat rejection. This is the product of the mass
5.2.1 The primary test for closed condensers (see
rate of refrigerant flow (wr) and the difference between the
Figure 2) shall consist of determination of the heat rejected
enthalpy of a saturated refrigerant liquid at the pressure of the
from the refrigerant by
leaving refrigerant and that of the refrigerant liquid at the
actual leaving temperature. a. measurement of heat rejected to the water and
total heat rejection (qt ): the total useful capacity of a water- b. calculation of heat rejected through the external sur-
cooled refrigerant condenser for removing heat from the faces of the condenser to the ambient air.

2 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 22-2007

Figure 1 Methods of producing refrigerant flow through condenser.

5.2.2 The heat rejected from the refrigerant to the water is

the product of the water flow rate and the enthalpy difference
of the leaving and entering water.
5.2.3 The water flow rate shall be determined by use of a
water quantity meter, water flow meter, or weigh tank.
5.2.4 The enthalpy difference between the leaving and
entering water shall be determined from temperature mea-
surements.
5.2.5 The heat rejected through the external surfaces to the Figure 2 Primary test method.
ambient air shall be determined by

qL = Us As ( tc – ta ) (1)
be measured by two of the confirming tests in accordance
where with Section 5.3.
qL = heat rejected through external surfaces, Btu/h (kW); 5.3 Confirming Test Methods
1 5.3.1 The confirming test shall consist of a secondary
Us = --------------------------- ; (2) measurement of the heat rejected from the refrigerant by
x ⁄ k + 1 ⁄ hs
using one of the optional methods described in Sections 5.3.2,
x/k = 0 if insulation is not used; 5.3.3, and 5.3.4 below (see also Figure 3).
x = insulation thickness, in. (m); 5.3.2 Condenser Refrigerant Side. This method deter-
k = thermal conductivity of insulation, Btu⋅in./h⋅ft2⋅°F mines condenser heat rejection by calculating the product of
(W/m2⋅°C); the enthalpy difference of refrigerant fluid entering and leav-
ing the condenser and the mass rate of refrigerant flow. Mass
hs = film coefficient of ambient air, Btu/h⋅ft2⋅°F
rate of refrigerant flow shall be determined by using one of the
(W/ m2⋅°C) [for natural convection, use
following:
hs = 2.0 Btu/h⋅ft2⋅°F (11 W/(m2⋅°C)];
As = exposed external surface through which heat is lost, a. A refrigerant flow-measuring instrument.
ft2 (m2); b. A water or brine cooler arranged such that the refriger-
tc = saturated condensing temperature, °F (°C); and ant mass flow rate is the same in the condenser and the
cooler. The cooler shall be insulated if necessary such
ta = average ambient air temperature, °F (°C).
that the calculated heat gains through external surfaces
5.2.6 The heat rejected through the external surfaces of do not exceed 3% of the heat removed from water or
the condenser shall not exceed 3% of the heat rejected to the brine. The mass rate of refrigerant flow is obtained by
water. dividing the cooler heat input, including leakage gains,
5.2.7 For shell-and-tube, open-type condensers where the by the enthalpy difference between entering and leav-
primary method cannot be carried out, the heat rejection shall ing refrigerant.

ANSI/ASHRAE standard 22-2007 3

Figure 3 Confirming test methods.

c. A refrigerant calorimeter that provides a means of essary, so that calculated heat leakage loss does not
accurately measuring the amount of heat required to exceed 3% of the heat rejected to the liquid flowing
evaporate and superheat the refrigerant fluid flowing through the evaporator. Heat leakage loss shall be
through it. The rate of refrigerant flow is given by determined using the equations of Section 5.2.5 except
dividing the heat input, including leakage gains, by the that a film coefficient h = 4.0 Btu/h⋅ft2⋅°F (23 W/
enthalpy difference of the entering and leaving refrig- m2 ⋅°C), which includes both convection and radiation,
erant fluid. shall be used for compressor heads. The heat loss area
shall be equal to the actual total external area of com-
5.3.3 Refrigerant Boiler. This method determines con- pressor heads. Total condenser heat rejection, qtc , shall
denser heat rejection as the heat needed to evaporate the liq- be calculated as follows:
uid refrigerant in the boiler when this apparatus is used in
place of a complete refrigerating system, as allowed in Sec- q tc = q E – q L + W M (3)
tion 5.1.4(b).
where
5.3.4 Energy Balance Method. This method determines
condenser heat rejection using an energy balance on the entire qE = evaporator heat flow rate, Btu/h (kW)
refrigerating system. It may be used if the following condi- qL = algebraic sum of heat losses from condenser,
tions are met: compressor heads, piping, and evaporator,
Btu/h (kW)
a. the condenser is installed in a closed refrigerant circuit WM = electric power input to compressor, Btu/h (kW)
served by a water-heated evaporator and a hermetic or
semihermetic electric motor-compressor powered by a 6. INSTRUMENTS AND TEST APPARATUS
sinusoidal single-phase or three-phase electric power
supply; 6.1 General
b. the compressor and evaporator are closely matched in 6.1.1 Instruments, whose types and accuracies are listed
capacity to the condenser; below, shall be calibrated against standards before and after
c. no means of compressor cooling is used, other than each test.
free convection of ambient air; and 6.1.2 Physical data shall be obtained from the current edi-
d. the mass rate of refrigerant flow through the compres- tion of the ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals1 or from the
sor, condenser, and evaporator is to be substantially the International Critical Tables.
same. Hot gas bypass can be used to trim the steady-
state operating point but should not exceed 25% of the 6.2 Temperature-Measuring Instruments
condenser refrigerant mass flow. Condenser, refriger- 6.2.1 Temperature measurements shall be made with one
ant piping, and compressor heads are insulated, if nec- or more of the following instruments:

4 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 22-2007

a. mercury-in-glass thermometers, 6.6 Brine or Water Flow-Measuring Instruments
b. thermocouples, or 6.6.1 Flow measurements shall be made with one or more
c. electric resistance thermometers (e.g., thermistor ther- of the following instruments or apparatus:
mometer or RTD).
a. liquid quantity meter, measuring either weight or vol-
6.2.2 Accuracy shall be within the following limits: ume,
b. liquid flowmeter,
a. brine or water in calorimeters, ±0.1°F (±0.06°C),
c. weight tank, scale, and timer.
b. water in condensers or evaporators when used in con-
firming tests, ±0.1°F (±0.06°C), and 6.6.2 Accuracy of flowmeters shall be within ±1% of the
c. all other temperatures, ±0.5°F (±0.3°C). range flow rate measured.
6.2.3 Instruments shall be applied and used in accor- 6.6.3 Instruments shall be applied and used in accordance
dance with ASHRAE Standard 41.12 except as stated in with ASME PTC 19.5.5
Section 6.2.2. 6.7 Time Measurements. Time measurements shall be
6.3 Pressure-Measuring Instruments made with an apparatus whose accuracy is within ±0.1% of
the elapsed time.
6.3.1 Pressure measurements shall be made with one or
more of the following instruments: 6.8 Weight Measurements. Weight measurements shall be
made with an apparatus whose accuracy is within ±0.5% of the
a. mercury column, quantity measured.
b. bourdon tube gauge,
c. aneroid pressure gauge, and 7. TEST PROCEDURE
d. calibrated pressure transducer.
7.1 Apparatus Assembly
6.3.2 All pressure-measuring instruments shall have an 7.1.1 The refrigerant condenser, the selected instruments,
accuracy within the limits of 1% of the absolute pressure read- and the test apparatus are assembled, connected, tested, dehy-
ings or differential pressure readings. drated, evacuated, and charged with the normal amount of
6.3.3 Instruments shall be applied and used in accordance refrigerant. Liquid subcoolers and vapor superheaters shall be
with ASME PTC 19.2.3 used, if necessary, to ensure the accuracy of measurements
and to obtain test conditions.
6.4 Electric-Measuring Instruments 7.1.2 The water-side surfaces of the condenser shall be
6.4.1 Electrical measurements shall be made with one or cleaned immediately prior to the test. The results of this test
more of the following instruments: shall be considered as a clean tube test.
7.1.3 The refrigerant side of the condenser should be
a. indicating and
checked for noncondensibles. The noncondensibles present for
b. integrating.
a test intended for rating purposes should not exceed the
6.4.2 Accuracy shall be within the following limits: amount that increases the condenser pressure more than the
equivalent of 0.5°F (0.3°C).
a. indicating instruments, ±0.5% of full-scale reading; 7.2 Operation and Limits
b. integrating instruments, 1% of the amount measured.
7.2.1 Start the system and obtain and maintain the speci-
6.4.3 Instruments shall be applied and used in accordance fied conditions in accordance with the following tolerances.
with IEEE 120.4 After establishment of steady flow conditions, all required
readings shall be taken at intervals of not less than 15 minutes,
6.5 Refrigerant Flow-Measuring Instruments and the test should be continued until four consecutive sets of
6.5.1 Direct flow measurements shall be made with one or readings are within these specified conditions:
more of the following instruments:
a. The arithmetic average of pressure readings used to
a. liquid refrigerant mass rate meter, determine refrigerant enthalpies shall not vary from
b. liquid refrigerant volume rate meter, and the required values by more than 2% of their absolute
c. gaseous refrigerant flowmeter. values, nor shall the individual pressure readings vary
by more than this amount from the average value. The
6.5.2 A refrigerant calorimeter or water or brine cooler pressure reading shall be converted to absolute values
can be used for indirect measure of refrigerant flow (see Sec- (using local barometric pressure at the time of test) to
tions 5.3.2c and 5.3.2b). determine refrigerant saturated temperatures.
6.5.3 Accuracy shall be ±1% within the range of flows b. The arithmetic average of pressure readings used to
measured. determine the specified value of refrigerant saturated
6.5.4 Instruments shall be applied and used in accordance temperature shall not vary from the required value by
with ASME PTC 19.5.5 more than the equivalent of 0.5°F (0.3°C), nor shall the

ANSI/ASHRAE standard 22-2007 5

 individual pressure readings vary by more than this 7.3.2.2 Refrigerant Boiler: Where the heat rejection
equivalent from the average value. (confirming) is simply the energy rate required to evaporate
c. The arithmetic average of temperature readings of the refrigerant in the boiler,
water entering the condenser shall not vary from the qtc = energy rate required to boil refrigerant, Btu/h
specified value by more than 0.5°F (0.3°C), nor shall (kW).
the individual readings vary by more than this amount
from the average value. 7.3.2.3 Energy Balance Method: if this method is
d. The individual temperature readings of water leaving employed, qtc is calculated as in Equation 3.
the condenser and water entering and leaving the evap- 7.3.3 The dimensionless difference between the results of
orator when used for the confirming test shall not vary the primary and confirming tests,
by more than 0.5°F (0.3°C) from their average values.
e. The arithmetic average of temperature readings of sub- ( q tc – q t )
Δq t = ---------------------
-, (6)
cooling of leaving refrigerant shall not be below the qt
temperature specified.
shall not be greater than ±0.03.
7.2.2 The test record shall include the date, names of the 7.3.4 The condensing heat rejection, qc, is calculated as
observers, essential identifying physical data of the condenser
the product of the mass rate of refrigerant flow, wr, and the
tested, refrigerant and liquid used, all test readings, reference
enthalpy difference between the entering refrigerant vapor
to instrument calibrations and computations, and the deter-
and that of a saturated liquid at leaving pressure:
mined results.
7.3 Computation of Results w r = q t ⁄ ( hr 1 – hr 2 ) (7)
7.3.1 From the primary test determination, the total heat
rejection, qt, is equal to the heat rejected to the water plus the q c = w r ( hr 1 – hsat liq ) (8)
heat leakage losses, qL, from the condenser. In the case of the
where
open-type, shell-and-tube condenser, where qt shall be the
average of two confirming tests, the calculations shall be as in hr1 = enthalpy of refrigerant entering condenser, Btu/lbm
Section 7.3.2. (kJ/kg)
hr2 = enthalpy of refrigerant leaving condenser, Btu/lbm
q t = w w ( hw 2 – hw 1 ) + q L (4)
(kJ/kg)
where hsatliq = enthalpy of a saturated liquid refrigerant at the
ww = mass rate of water flow, lbm/h (kg/s) leaving pressure, Btu/lbm (kJ/kg)
hw1 = enthalpy of water entering condenser, Btu/lbm The subcooling heat rejection, qs, is calculated as
(kJ/kg)
qs = qt – qc . (9)
hw2 = enthalpy of water leaving condenser, Btu/lbm
(kJ/kg)
qL = heat rejected through external surfaces (see 8. REFERENCES
Equation 1) 12005 ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals. American Soci-
7.3.2 From the confirming test determination, the calcula- ety of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning
tion depends upon the method employed. Engineers, Inc.
7.3.2.1 Condenser Refrigerant Side: The total heat 2ANSI/ASHRAE 41.1-1986 (RA 2001), Standard Method for
rejection (confirming) is calculated as the mass rate of refrig- Temperature Measurement. American Society of Heat-
erant flow times the difference between entering and leaving ing, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
refrigerant: 3ASME PTC 19.2-87 (RA 1998), Pressure Measurements.

q tc = w rc ( hr 1 – hr 2 ) (5) American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

4IEEE 120-1989 (RA 1997), Master Test Guide for Electrical
where Measurement in Power Circuits. Institute of Electrical
wrc = measured mass rate of refrigerant flow, lbm/h (kg/s) and Electronics Engineers.
hr1 = enthalpy of entering refrigerant, Btu/lbm (kJ/kg) 5ASME PTC 19.5-2004, Flow Measurement. American Soci-

hr2 = enthalpy of leaving refrigerant, Btu/lbm (kJ/kg) ety of Mechanical Engineers.

6 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 22-2007

 POLICY STATEMENT DEFINING ASHRAE’S CONCERN
FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ITS ACTIVITIES

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