TITRATION LAB

MEMBERS
Napat Pracharktam

Punda Kamolsakdavikul

Tapatra Thanupran

Poramin Piyawattanaviroj
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION

In the experiment titration of Hydrochloric Acid with Sodium Hydroxide, there are four chemicals involved
in the experiment. First chemical that used in the experiment is sodium hydroxide which is a strong base.
Sodium hydroxide is formed by ionic bond between sodium atom and hydroxide atom which is covalent
molecule. The sodium atom is cation and the hydroxide atom is anion. The physical properties of sodium
hydroxide is a colorless crystalline solid which have a boiling point of 1388 Celsius and a melting point of
318 Celsius. The chemical is odorless and highly soluble in water. The density of the compound is 2.13
gram per cm cube. For chemical properties, the compound will reacts with protic acids to produce water
and the salts. The compound can decompose proteins at ordinary temperature and cause chemical
burns. Sodium hydroxide is used in cleaning agent industry and food preparation. (pubchem, 2015)Next,
hydrochloric acid is a strong acid that used in this experiment. Hydrochloric acid is a polar covalent
compound. The chlorine contain slightly negative charge and hydrogen contain slightly positive charge.
The physical properties of the compound are clear and colorless gas. Hydrochloric acid is highly soluble
in the water. The burning point of this compound is -85.05 Celsius and the melting point is -114.22
Celsius. The density is 1.49 gram per liter. The odor is pungent. For chemical properties, the chemical
dissociated in water to give the hydronium and chloride ions. It highly reacts with bases to form chloride
salts and it can dissolve many metals and forms oxidized metal chlorides and hydrogen gas. The
chemical is mostly used in plastic and fertilizer industry. (K., 2016)Next chemical that we used in the
experiment is the Phenolphthalein. Phenolphthalein is C20H14O. The chemical is covalent compound.
Phenolphthalein is often used as an indicator in acid–base titrations. It will turn basic solution into pink
color. It also serves as a component of universal indicator. The properties of the chemical are white
powder and it is soluble in water. The melting point is 258-263 Celsius. Molar mass is 318.328 g·mol-1.
.When a solution is added by basic solution, the molecule ions equilibrium shifts to the right, so
ionization like hydrogen protons are removed. (Gregersen, n.d.)Lastly, bromophenol blue is a pH
indicator with the range between pH 3.0 to 4.6. The color of the turns to greenish blue when the indicator
bromophenol blue is used. This indicator is odorless chemical and highly soluble in water. The density is
2.2 gram per milliliter and the compound consist of many covalent bonds. The melting point is 273
Celsius and the boiling point is 279 Celsius. This chemical also used as a dye and a color marker. (H.,
2013)

Titration is the technique that used in the experiment to find the unknown solution by adding known
solution slowly to the unknown solution until the reaction is neutralize which will be known when the color
of the indicator that added to solution changes. The difference between the reading at the initial state and
final state reading tell the volume of acidic that the alkali that had been added. The method requires
pipette, pipette filter, conical flask and the burette to complete the technique. First method is to add acidic
solution in the buret then, use pipette to add the alkali solution in the conical flask. Next, mix the alkali
solution with the indicator in conical flask. After that put the conical flask below the buret and read the
initial volume. Lastly, gradually add acidic solution into the alkali solution until the color of the solution is
change. When the color changes, read the final volume. We will know the concentration of unknown
solution. (service, 2015)

Our objective of this experiment is to find the concentration of hydrochloric acid solution using titration
technique, to compare two indicators used in titration which are bromophenol blue and phenolphthalein
and to practice how to work with laboratory equipments such as pipette and buret..
EXPERIMENT

CHEMICALS

Sodium Hydroxide Solution

Hydrochloric Acid

Phenolphthalein

Bromophenol blue

GLASSWARE

Buret

Stop cock

Buret stand

Pipette

Rubber bulb

Erlenmeyer flasks

Beakers

Droppers
RESULT
Concentration of sodium hydroxide :   0.048 M

Balanced Chemical Equation of the titration reaction : NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) NaCl(aq)+ H20 (l)

Table 1: The table of volume and concentration of acid and basic solution used in titration
RESULT
Table 2: The table of the observation of the solutions contained different indicators for the
two trials.
DISCUSSION
DISCUSSION
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
 SUGGESTION AND
ERRORS
For suggestion for further experiment is that some group did

not finish the whole experiment on time so, next time, if

there is more time for us to do the experiment, every group

will finish it on time and we will be able to focus more which

will eliminate the errors. Next suggestion, the if we have a

chance to do an experiment again, we should repeat more

trials to eliminate the errors and we can get more result to

compare. Moreover, it its very difficult to determine the

solution that is already neutralized. The color of the solution

shows that the solution is neutralized or not so, if there is a

color chart for the students to see and compare their result

to the chart, we might be able to avoid the over titrate. 

There is few errors during the experiment. First error is

human errors. In the experiment, there is a parallax or

apparent shift. The limit of time led to the error in reading

burette. The result is not hundred percent precise and

accurate. Next human error is that we had dropped too

much Phenolphthalein in the solution which can led to

inaccurate result in the experiment. Last error from the

experiment is that there is two times over titrate. We

accidently dropped too many drop of sodium hydroxide into

hydrochloric acid solution which already mixed with

Phenolphthalein solution and the solution turns into pink

color, not pale pink color which means the solution is not

neutralize any more. Even though we tried to swirled it but if

the color of solution is not changed in 30 seconds, we have

to considered the solution as unneutral. For second time,

there is an over titrate in first trial of Hydrochloric Acid with

Sodium Hydroxide titration with bromophenol blue.

Gradually dropping the sodium hydroxide solution can avoid

over titrate.
 REFERENCE

Gregersen, E. (n.d.). phenolphthalein. Retrieved from

www.britannica.com:
https://www.britannica.com/science/phenolphthalein

H., M. (2013). Bromophenol Blue. Retrieved from

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com:
https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/b5525?
lang=en&region=TH

K., P. (2016, May 04). hydrochloric acid. Retrieved from

http://www.softschools.com:
http://www.softschools.com/formulas/chemistry/hydrochloric_a
cid_uses_properties_structure_formula/224/

pubchem. (2015, January 08). naoh. Retrieved from

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/sodium_hydroxid
e

Lab depotinc's service, L. d. (2015). tritation. Retrieved from

https://www.labdepotinc.com:
https://www.labdepotinc.com/articles/titration.html
WORK LOG
POST-LAB QUESTIONS
PRE-LAB QUESTIONS