EST Module 1 and 2

# Answers Questions
1 A3C Amplitude modulation via Facsimile
2 F3C Frequency modulation via Facsimile
3 Facsimile What emission is F3C?
4 300 MHz to 3 GHz Troposcatter in Sky Wave Propagation occurs in what range of frequency
5 Salty Which of the following terrain types permits a ground wave to travel the farthest?
What of the following permits a microwave signal to travel in one direction with virtually no
6 Isolator loss, but severely attenuates any signal attempting to travel in the reverse direction?
7 Isolator Ferrite rod device that prevents the formation of reflected waves
It can be use in different antenna because
8 of LC circuit Advantage of Trap Antenna
9 pulse duration In Pulse Width Modulation,
10 pulse width modulation varying pulses
11 45 Expose ground equipment should no t exceed ____ Vrms
12 4/3 Typical earth factor
13 Proportional to Antenna gain Directivity is
14 at the ends Current node in a half wave antenna is located
15 at the feed Voltage node in a half wave antenna is located
16 Antenna current increases by 22.5 % from zero modulation to 100% modulation,
17 Isotropic Antenna The standard reference antenna for a directive gain is
18 Increases by about 15% of the length How much farther does the radio path horizon distance exceeds the geometric horizon?
19 5% longer Parasitic element
20 Frequency modulated continuous wave use in aircraft
21 folded dipole continuous wave Antenna use in ILS
22 to keep the waveguide dry Why is nitrogen gas sometimes used in waveguide?
23 to prevent internal arcing Need for pressurising cable with dry air
24 Attenuation As electromagnetic travel in free space, only one if the following can happen to them
Which of the following is not a natural ways of radio wave may travel from transmitter to
25 Microwave receiver?
26 Waveguide hollow conductor that carries RF
27 13 kbps Telephone
28 Infinite In a ¾ wavelength shorted at end will have impedance
29 Thunderstorms What is major cause of atmospheric or static noise?
30 50 dB What signal to noise ratio is required for satisfactory telephone service?
31 cancel, filter In SSB, carrier and the other sideband is being
32 83B IBM
33 longer folded dipole compared to simple dipole
34 300 In CCITT’s FDM Hierarchy, number of channels in a master group
35 100:20 Power HF compared to UHF
36 F The third symbol used for television transmission
37 7 and ½ A word in telegraphy consists of ___ characters plus a word space
38 108.1 to 117.95 MHz VOR
39 12 Midnight to 5 AM Class D AM
40 can be use in wideband Trap antenna
41 13 kbps What is the typical speech coding rate used for GSM?
42 8 kbps D-AMPS
43 Power Margin Difference between available power and power budget
44 7 Maximum number of break in a 60 minute show
45 2.5:1
46 0% modulation Unmodulated carrier
47 564-3084 Frequency band of U600
48 44.736 Mbps What is the transmission rate of a T3 line?
49 6 in telephone, maximum pulse per second
50 E third symbol emission for telephone
51 one color and one Monochromatic
52 Contrast Quality
53 use thin piece of wire as an antenna To couple energy into and out of a waveguide
54 impedance mismatch A high standing wave ratio might be caused by
55 tropospheric ducting VHF received from 500 miles
56 Space Division Multiplexing Oldest multiplexing scheme
57 Sputnik 1 1st Active Satellite
58 Intelsat 1 1st Satellite to Transmit and Receive
59 6 PM to 11 PM Primetime block of TV
60 235.50 MHz Determine from the ff radio frequency that falls under the very high frequency band of
 radio spectrum
61 Effective Radiated Power (ERP) Antenna power times the Antenna gain
62 Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) Antenna power times the Antenna gain relative to Isotropic antenna
63 Antenna height, distance Factors
It is the picture quality determined by the difference of the intensity between black and
64 Contrast white parts of the picture
65 3000 Hz Pilot tone
66 High VHF GMA 7
67 Proportional to Field Strength Amount of voltage induced in a wave by an EM wave
68 It radiates harmonics Disadvantage of Trap antenna
An instrument used to measure the relevant height, a layer in the ionosphere used for
69 Ionosonde wave propagation
Third symbol of emission designation using telephone (telephony) such as in sound
70 E broadcasting
71 Capacitor Capacitor
72 Mica Commonly used insulator
73 Slant distance Distance to the staion, DME
74 Refraction What phenomenon causes of longer radio path to exceeds geometric horizon?
75 should not have a long horizontal run Waveguide construction
76 tuning out capacitance reactances Loading coil is used in marconi
77 EDGE Last stage of GSM
78 100 times Bandwidth of fiber optics compared to cable
79 losses in the conducting walls What causes the attenuation in waveguide?
Call Waiting tone Continuous tone generated by the combination of two frequencies of 350 Hz and 440 Hz
80 used in telephone sets
81 10 pulses/sec Pulse dialing rate
82 Electromagnet What kind of receiver is used in conventional telephone handset?
83 length Characteristic impedance is nit dependent on
84 330 m/s Velocity of sound
85 Propagation delay Time for the signal to travel
800 How many voice band channels in a SPADE FDMA satellite system are PCM encoded before
86 they separately modulate the assigned carrier?
87 800 MHz AMPS operated in which cellular radio frequency?
88 1:1 Which of the following represents the best standing wave ratio?
89 loudness The _____ of a sound is a subjective effect which is a function of the ear and brain
90 phase angle OMEGA measures
91 measures at larger distance LORAN
equivalent resistance that will dissipate the Radiation resistance
92 same amount
93 Horn and slot antenna What antennas are suitable for direct connection to a waveguide?
Satellite antennas and height, Satellite
94 receiver sensitivity What factors determines the EIRP required by a station in each operation?
95 use in primary and secondary Ferrite beads
96 4250 MHz to 4350 MHz aircracft radio altimeter
97 2500 ohms end impedance of half-wave dipole
98 118.00 MHz to 139.975 MHz aircraft VHF communication
knife-edge diffraction The bending of radio waves passing over the top of a mountain range that disperses a weak
99 portion of the signal behind the mountain is
100 beyond 5000 km troposcatter
101 TTC Information about satellite send to earth
102 4:1 Impedance matching ratio of coaxial balun
103 Standing waves Energy neither radiated nor transmitted
104 ground Transmission lines are either balanced or unbalanced with respect to
phase velocity Apparent speed of propagation along a waveguide based on the distance between
105 wavefronts along the walls of the guide
106 Both input and output Coaxial are grounded
107 keep moisture out and prevent oxidation Why concentric transmission lines sometimes field with nitrogen?
through electromagnetic and electrostatic Conductance takes place in a waveguide
108 fields in the walls of the waveguide
109 infinite If a ¾ wavelength transmission is shortened at one end, impedance at the open will be
1 To be properly matched the ratio of a maximum voltage along a transmission line should be
110 equal to 0
111 absorption coefficient The ratio between energy absorbed to the total energy received
the higher the resistance, smaller the The higher the gauge number
112 diameter
113 lambda/4 transformer Short length of transmission line used to eliminate standing waves
114 2.15 dB gain of half wave dipole
115 bearing and distance indicator TACAN is a navigational aid providing
116 329.30 to 335.00 MHz glideslope
117 108.10-111.95 MHz Localizer
118 962 MHz to 1213 DME
119 compressing Compandor
120 22 kbps 45 baud
121 exact interlacing One half of the spacing between the start positions for scanning even and odd fields
A fading effect caused by phase differences What is Selective fading effect?
between radio wave components of the
same transmission, as experienced at the
122 receiving point
123 fundamental lowest frequency
124 Huffman code exchange of predetermined signal
125 Intelligent terminal Which computer terminal can be reprogrammed to perform new functions?
126 low-wattage light bulb Luminous efficiency is least for
127 Huygen’s Principle each point on a wavefront maybe regarded as a new source of secondary wavelength
128 Perigee Nearest distance from satellite orbit to earth
129 despun antenna Antenna is continuously adjusted with respect to satellite
130 100 Maximum radiation mr/week
131 dosimeter Device to measure exposure to hazardous environment
E layer When the earth’s atmosphere is struck by meteor, a cylindrical region of free electrons is
132 formed at what layer of the ionosphere?
selective fading What is the propagation effect called when phase differences between radio wave
133 components of the same transmission are experienced at the recovery station?
superrefraction occurs when the refractive index of the air decreases with height much more rapidly than
134 normal
135 duct region in which superrefraction occur
136 Horizontal polarization When the magnetic field is perpendicular to ground
137 metric Metric subdivision for VHF
138 peak positive, rms values respectively SSB compared to AM and FM measurement
139 D layer Layer that disaapears at night, no effect on sky wave propagation
140 critical frequency highest frequency that will be returned down to earth
141 optimum usable frequency best frequency used that will be returned down to earth
142 4 MHz E layer
143 8 MHz F2 layer
144 gyniometer
145 FM and double sideband AM what emission modes suffer the most from selective fading?
146 3 MHz to 30 MHz Band that operates in sky wave propagation
147 UHF Which band does channel 14 of the TV channel belong?
Tropospheric ducting What propagation condition is usually indicated when a VHF signal is received from a
148 station 500 miles away?
Kinetic energy is given up by the radio What happens to a radio wave as it travels in space and collides with other particles?
149 wave
150 About 5,000 miles What is the maximum range for signals using transequatorial propagation?
151 300-3,000 MHz The band of frequencies least susceptible to atmospheric noise and interference is
90 degrees What is the relationship in degrees of the electrostatic and electromagnetic fields of an
152 antenna?
153 Afternoon or early evening What is the best time of day for transequatorial propagation?
is the same direction as the electrostatic The propagation of radio wave
154 field of the antenna
Allows normally line of sight signals to What is knife-edge diffraction?
bend around sharp edges, mountain ridges,
155 building and other obstructions
lowest, highest Skip distance can be maximized by using the ____ radiation angle possible and the _____
156 frequency that will be refracted at that angle
157 Optimum useable frequency (OUF) To obtain the most reliable sky wave propagation the ___________should be used
300 MHz to 3 GHz Troposcatter is a method of sky wave propagation for which of the following frequency
158 bands?
Phase differences between radio wave What is the major cause of selective fading?
components of the same transmission, as
159 experienced at the receiving station
160 Troposcatter propagation A means of beyond the line of sight propagation of UHF signals
161 VHF and UHF frequencies Which of the following is most affected by knife edge refraction?
162 refracted The ionosphere causes radio signals to be
163 3 to 30 MHz The ionosphere has its greatest effect on signals in what frequency range?
164 RA 3396 Maritime Communications Law
165 DO 88 services of ECE’s
166 autopilot may sharply turn left or right autopilot
167 Deviation Ratio ratio of the maximum deviation frequency to modulating frequency
168 Modulation index
Is the product of the surge impedance and Neglecting line losses, the RMS voltage along an RF transmission line having no standing
169 the line current waves
Cassegrain feed A technique of feeding a parabolic antenna using a small reflector to beam waves to a
170 larger parabolic reflector
Reciprocity The process of interchangeability of receiving and transmitting operations of antennas is
171 known as
without power being applied to the tuned A grid dip meter measures the resonant frequency of tuned circuit
172 circuits
173 director What gives more forward gain?
174 Parabolic With similar size, which has the greatest gain?
Reflector Which is longer?
175
176 Circular What type of antenna receives signal equally well from all horizontal directions?
177 5% How do parasitic element differ in length from a lambda/2?
178 during experimental period Testing of equipment
179 antenna resonant frequency increases When a capacitor is connected in series with a Marconi antenna
180 call waiting tone In telephony, combination of
181 by connecting an inductor How is it possible to lower the resonant frequency of hertz dipole antenna?
182 sphere radiation pattern of isotropic antenna
183 water vapor and oxygen Atmospheric attenuation is due to
184 Ferrite isolator Permits signal to travel in one direction
185 pass from south to north Ascending pass for a satellite
186 pass from north to south descending pass for a satellite
187 type of modulation of the main carrier What is the first letter in the ITU emission designation?
188 Secondary Service Fading is allowed
189 3300 m/s Velocity of sound in wood
190 NTT
191 Geostationary Satellite Satellite of the same velocity as earth
192 108.10- 119.95 MHz Localizer
193 329.30 – 335.00 MHz Glide slope
194 Space Noise Noise observed at frequency 8 to 1.4 GHz
195 hoghorn antenna consisting of a reflector in the form of parabolic cylinder, fed by a sectoral horn
a very high impedance What kind of impedance does a ¼ wavelength transmission line present to a generator
196 when the line is shorted at the far end?
197 Spot Beams Concentrate the radiated power in a very small geographic areas
198 True Black body is a perfect emmiter and absorber
199 Timbre Tonal quality of sound
200 Back and forth Longitudinal waves
201 frequency response What is the most important specification of loudspeakers and microphones?
202 Capture Effect strong FM signal dominating weaker signal on a common frequency
EST Module 3

# Answers Questions
1 Inverse square law What is the distance of density diminishes per gravity distance?
2 IF amplifier sensitivity
3 T1 The channel of tv cable frequency range of 5.75MHz-11.75MHz
4 0.1 Mechanical splice attenuation loss is
5 330 m/s The velocity of sound is considered to be constant at
6 AWG #19 Commonly used telephone wire
7 Radome A low loss dielectric material is used to cover a dish
8 critical frequency What is the highest frequency that can be sent straight upward and return?
9 Numeric assignment module NAM stands for?
10 Better rejection ratio Rf stage preceeds a superhet reciever ,1 advantage of a good rf stage is
11 Maximum impedance What is the input impedance of a quarter wave length shorted stub?
12 1mW The maximum power output of subscriber
13 0.3-3MHz The medium frequency band
14 different The acoustics of most auditoriums when the room is full
15 non linear Any device to be used as a frequency multiplier
16 jitter What is a continuous impulse with spikes with short duration with high amplitudes?
17 Erlang B What is the traffic model?
18 B8E Independent side band
19 higher capacity The advantage of a cable communication system over a broadcast system
It increases the antennas resonate
20 frequency What happens in a capacitor is added in series in an antenna?
21 0.1-0.3 % Refers to the relative refractive index
22 30MHz What is the most commonly used intermediate frequency of radar receivers?
Not more than___ digits make up an international telephone number as amended by
23 12 CCITT
24 Produce electromagnetic interference Twists in twisted wire pairs
The frequency range over which is
25 expected to perform well What is made by the term ?????????????????????
26 footprint Area of earth the covered by a satellite radio beam
27 bay Speaking of antenna, __ is a section of antenna in which would be a complete antenna by
 itself
Is the process by which a customer maybe accepted with the absence of establish
28 type acceptance interference standards that corresponds to the specifications
29 azimuth What is the horizontal angle?
30 resolution In the TV system is a measure of ability to tell the lining picture
31 45 minutes KBP radio code handles the station provides a minimum of __ commercial
32 transponder Which of the following is the basic component for satellite receiver?
Antenna which can be used more than 1
band due to the use of power in LC In radio communication the term trap antenna is referred to one of the following
33 networks statements
34 The base of the antenna The current maximum in a marconni antenna is found at ____
35 ½ to 2/3 The antenna effective height is _ to _ actual height
36 Intelligent terminal A computer terminal that will program the perform function
37 coaxial cable The most commonly used Transmission Line in TV system
What type of emission is produced when a frequency modulated is modulated on TV
38 F3F signal?
39 The approximation of quantized signal What causes quantization in a PCM system?
40 4% With lights not polish into fiber it produces a loss of
41 Frequency synthesizer Frequency division is useful to implementation of a ____
42 Signal to noise improvement An advantage of FM over AM
43 Overhead Characters that must be transmitted other than data
44 Top Loading What is used in antenna in order to increase it effective height?
Intensity modulation with polarization
45 modulation Which modulation methods are the most widely used?
46 Decrease the impedance If the diameter of conductors are two wire Transmission Line
47 4.5 MHz Is the aural monochrome television broadcast channel?
48 Frequency Deviation sound generating Modulating waveform for FM will cause a greater ____
49 Increased by 50% The modulation index of an AM is changed from 0 to 1 the transmitted power is
50 Behaves as a series short circuit What will happen in a quarter wave Transmission Line is opened?
51 On hook state Every time the telephone is answered the handset is of the _ state
52 infrared Most fiber optic light sources emit light in which spectrum
53 30cm Lightning rods mounted at top of structure
54 audio stage What particular stage does frequency provides fidelity?
55 photovoltaic Which of the following is not a common light detector
56 Depends on the formation of charge The gunn diode oscillator
57 3 Creators shall require to provide local exchange service
58 mixer Which major element has super heterodyne receiver must be non linear?
59 purely reactive The SWR is infinite
60 crystals The most commonly used filter SSb generators uses ____
61 3000-30000MHz Klystron oscillators freq range of _____
62 end effect Shortening effect
63 0.09 dB What is the average insertion loss of fusion splice in Fiber Optic Cable?
64 slow fading Which of the reception problem that is not multipath?
65 mush
66 X.75 it is a protocol used to connect the other packets
67 3 dB what is the power loss of a telephone hybrid?
68 0.05 index multimode optical
69 MTBF what is a measure of reliability express as an average number?
Term that refers to the numerical range which relates the performance of one antenna to
70 Antenna Gain theoretical antenna
71 6.312 Mbps what is the gateway telecommunications T2?
72 50-150Mbps High speed LANs data rate
73 10GHz rainfall is an important factor of frequency above ____
74 Analogue cellular technology what is the basis of the first generation wireless?
75 ducting when microwave signals follow the curvature of the earth?
76 PCM quantizing noise occurs in ____
77 Pi-L what network provides the greatest?
78 SSB voice what type of signal selectivity?
79 Discriminator what circuit is used to detect frequency modulated signal?
80 4 number of voice transmission that can be ?????????????????
81 1.3 micrometer popular line wavelength Fiber Optic Cable
82 Semiconductor which is the simplest effective in changing?
83 50 milliseconds are used in all communication system when propagation time exceeds ___
84 dBr which stands for dB relative?
85 Water vapor and oxygen atmospheric attenuation
86 – 239ms minimum propagation delay of geo satellite
87 Quad cable consists of twisted pairs of conductors, each separately insulated
88 30 -53 KHz stereophonic FM
89 40 dB signal to noise ratio required for satisfactory TV reception
90 STX Start of test for BISYNC
91 hash Short bit sequence 128 bits
92 V.1 rules and description binary
93 loudness affected by the distance
94 TTC information about satellite send to earth
95 plane wave if away from source
96 doppler’s effect measures speed
97 ionosonde measures virtual height of ionosphere
98 solid sound travels fastest at

EST Module 4

# Answers Questions
1 balun To connect coaxial to a parallel wire
2 0 dB Gain of an isotropic antenna
3 radiation resistance What is the term used for an equivalent resistance that would dissipate the same amount?
4 log normal fading Resulting from obstruction losses
5 omnidirectional Radiation pattern of a discone
6 ultraviolet Band of light waves
7 vertical marconni antenna Which of the following antennas receives signals from all direction in horizontal plane?
the beamwdith increases as the gain is
8 increased What happens to beamwidth?
9 2100 UTC 3:00 PM is a standard time
10 radiation resistance + ohmic resistance What is the total resistance of an antenna system?
11 1pW In which crosstalk dBx ????????
12 by installing a good ground radar system How can be antenna efficiency ????????????
13 lambertian source What optical source radiates light in all directions?
14 X modem What is the protocol that is used in transferring files?
15 40 dB What signal to noise ratio for satisfactory TV?
16 100meters ,95% of the time What is the GPS ???????????????
17 twice the highest frequency According to the nyquist theory the sampling rate is _____
18 broadside array It consists of a number of dipoles
19 space or direct wave Line of sight mode of propagation
the amount of radiation received from the
20 sun what causes a maximum frequency Vary ???????????????
21 bluetooth The low power short range wireless technology
22 0.38dB What is the insertion loss of connector splices?
23 2174.5 kHz Which of the following frequency is normally used in safety communication?
24 antenna directivity What determine the ability of a radar?
the velocity of the wave divided by the
25 velocity of light What is the meaning of velocity factor?
26 44.736Mbps For T carrier system, T3 has a bit rate of _____
because the conductor resistance is low
27 compared to the radiation resistance A half wave antenna operates at very high efficiency ____
28 quantizing Process of a signing pcm codes absolute magnitudes
29 spacing bias distortion What distortion is does not cause by TL characteristics?
30 local oscillator After IF stages
31 sun spot Spot in the visible surface of the sun
32 25 what is the number pins of R232 C?
33 antenna efficiency what for the ratio of radiation resistance to the total resistance?
34 -90dBm what is the reference tone level for dbm?
35 50dB what is the quantization signal to noise ratio if an 8 bit PCM is used?
two or more antennas operating in the
36 same frequency Which is space diversity?
37 D The lowest layer in the ionosphere
38 poor front end selectivity What causes a interference?
39 detector stage Cross modulation in the receiver is eleminitaed at the ____
40 marconni antenna Which of the ff antennas require good grounding?
41 limiter In an FM receiver which circuit is used amplitude variations
42 horizontal What deviation is measured for an angle?
43 230 milliseconds What is the minimum propagation delay for stationary satellites?
44 asynchronous A unique character is transmitted at the beginning of each message
45 14/11 GHz Ku band
46 radio detector tv receiver that separates sound
47 bearing and distance indication the TACAN is a nav aid providing ___
48 30-50kHz what is the spectrum of FM signal?
49 R3E what is the emission designation of single sound reduced carrier signal?
50 256-2048Hz the mid range frequency range of sound is
51 1dB the standard deviation of in transmission loss should not exceed
52 the telephone network will pas DC modem are required to connect
53 an inducting reactance what kind of impedance 1/8 wavelength TL present to a generator?
54 impulse noise what noise is short duration?
55 500Hz what is the channel spacing of ???????????
efficiency = radiation resistance divided by
56 total resistance X100% how is antenna efficiency computed?
57 ultraviolet absorption an absorption loss caused by valence electron
58 modem is a device in data transmission to interface a data to analogue
59 30MHz what is the most commonly used IF of radar receivers?
60 F1 layer layer that exist only during daylight
61 30-53kHz frequency spectrum ??????
62 bandstop Attenuates signals that passes frequency below
63 zone of silence skip zone
64 land station Station in the mobile service not intended to use
65 independent sideband The letter number designation B8E
66 0.635 – 15cm What is the typical separation between two conductors?
67 EWX ?????????? Which of the following pulse modulation is ???????????
68 coil Connecting an antenna electrically add a
69 V series An ITU-T that deals with the telephone circuits
70 phase shift Cause some frequency to be delayed with respect to other frequency
71 diffraction Occurs when a microwave beam is at point
72 cathode end of a helix The input signal of a TWT
73 reflectometer An equipment used to measure SWR
74 WAP Is a standard where mobile phone can access to specially tailored internet websites
75 equatorial regions In what region of the world is sporadic E
76 aeronautical fixed service A radio communication service used for aeronautical safety navigation
77 a very low impedance What kind of impedance ¼ wavelength?
78 TE Propagation mode microwave
79 1.25MHz How far is the visual carrier of monochrome TV channel?
80 circular polarization A helical antenna is used for satellite tracking
81 from south to north What is ascending pass for a LEO?
82 SWR as near as 1:1 as possible A properly connected Transmission Line has a ____
no transmitted power is wasted in the What is the primary advantage of ?????????????
83 carrier
84 waveguide switch What device is used in diverting electromagnetic?
85 hertz antenna A type of underground antenna
86 yagi uda A type of array which contains of 1 half wave dipole, 1 reflector and 1 director
87 decreased What happens to a path wave as it is shorted through the use of loading coils?
88 reflection What do you call the incident light that have different refractive indeces?
89 1000 Hz What is the standard test tone used for audio measurements?
90 FM Capture effect is most pronounced in what type of emission
91 14kbps What is the GPRS uplink rate?
92 high efficiency What is the advantage of Doherty linear?
93 30 Hz Frequency of VCR control signal
94 ribbon A type of microphone which has a permanent magnet
95 erlang C Block calls delays
96 on hook condition On a telephone system, the loop is open during ___
97 trunk A telephone line connecting two central offices
98 95 -100 The SPL in dB of an auditorium with contemporary music is ___
EST Module 9

# Answers Questions
An agreed set of empirical curves relating octave-band sound pressure level to the center
1 Noise rating curves frequency of the octave bands
The transmission of sound from one room to an adjacent room, via common walls, floors or
2 Flanking transmission ceilings
What is the sound energy per unit area at right angles to the propagation direction per unit
3 Sound intensity time?
4 Phon _______ is the unit of loudness level of a sound
___________ is the average rate of transmission of sound energy in a given direction
5 Sound Intensity through a cross-section area of 1 sq. m. at right angles to the direction
6 Pitch and loudness Sound wave has two main characteristics which are__________
7 Reverberation time Required time for any sound to decay to 60 dB
8 Ultrasonic Sound that vibrates at frequency too high for the human ear to hear (over 20 kHz)
Which microphone will be damaged if exposed to high temperatues above 52 degrees
9 Crystal Celsius?
10 20 Hz to 20 kHz What is the audio frequency range?
11 95-100dB What is the dB SPL of an auditorium with contemporary music?
12 80-85 dB What is the church dB SPL with speech reinforcement only?
13 Loudness Intensity can also be called as _______
_____________ is affected by the distance bet. The listener and the source of the sound
14 Loudness and its intensity varies inversely with the square of this distance
15 octaves Much of music is generally referred to in _________
16 Exciter Distortion enhances intelligibility when an ____________ is added
17 Color killer ____________ is used to eliminate color confetti
18 Microphone transducer A _________ converts acoustical energy
19 diaphragm and generating element All microphones have two basic components namely
20 Norris-Eyring When the average absorption is greater than 0.2
21 Interval The ratio of frequencies is termed
A term which is subjective but dependent mainly on frequency and also affected by
22 Pitch intensity
23 Stephen and Bate For ideal computation of reverberation time
 ______________ is the sound energy per unit area at right angles of the propagation
24 Sound Intensity direction per unit time
25 1200 Hz One octave above 600 Hz is
26 W.C. Sabine Laid the foundations of acoustic theory of buildings
An aural sensation by pressure variations in the air which are always produced by some
27 Sound source of vibrations
28 4.7 units The average absorption for a person is
29 Isotropic An antenna with a unity gain
30 1 What is the maximum efficiency gain of an isotropic antenna
31 isotropic radiator It is useful to refer to an___________. When comparing the gains of directional antennas
For a shortened vertical antenna, where should a loading coil be placed to minimize losses
32 Near the center of the vertical radiator and produce the most effective performance
33 1 -1000W Typical speech power
34 1000 and 3000 Hz The maximum intelligibility for voice frequency is located between
35 300 to 3400 Hz Presently, this is the “standard” frequency bandwidth for voice transmission
36 4 kHz What is the standard voice channel spacing
The _________ of radio receiver to amplify weak signal and produce a desirable
37 Sensitivity intelligence at the output speaker
38 MIN A digital identification associated with a cellular system
39 25 How many seconds does a facsimile transmit a standard page?
40 1.88 – 1.90 GHz What is the frequency band of DECT?
41 6000 Hz Supervisory Audio Tone (SAT) has __________ frequency
42 10 mW What is the power output of PCS?
43 First Selector Which of the ff. responds to the request of a subscriber by sending a dial tone?
44 3W What is the typical output power of a cellular phone?
45 825 – 845 MHz Cellular phones transmit in the band from
46 870 – 890 MHz Cell phone receives in the band from
47 50 dB What is the sensitivity of a cellular receiver?
48 3.4 – 6.425 GHz What is the frequency range of C-band?
What is the local oscillator (mixer) frequency of the satellite with an uplink frequency in
49 2225 MHz GHz Band?
50 Gallium Arsenide solar panel array What kind of battery panels are used in some advance satellites?
51 C-band What band does VSAT first operate
52 14/11 GHz The frequency of Ku band for satellite communications
53 17 degrees The radiation patterns of earth coverage antennas have a beamwidth of approximately
54 1 The efficiency of an isotropic radiator
55 3 – 30 GHz Most satellites operate in which frequency band
56 500 MHz What is the typical bandwidth of a satellite band?
57 70 MHz What is the common up-converter and down-converter IF?
58 QPSK What modulation is normally used with digital data?
The round-trip propagation delay between two earth stations through a geosynchronous
59 500 – 600 ms satellite is
60 0.09 dB What is the average insertion loss of fusion splice in fiber optics?
61 0.38 dB What is the insertion loss of connector-type splices for a single mode fiber optics?
62 5 What is the allowable deviation ratio of commercial FM broadcast?
The maximum power suggested by KBP on 919-1312 AM broadcast station in Metro Manila
63 20kW is
64 3.8 MHz What is the chroma subcarrier signal for color television?
65 36 kHz The minimum frequency separation between Frequency of AM broadcasting station
66 6:00 AM to 8:00 PM For provincial station, the classification of prime time blocks for FM shall be
67 525 One complete NTSC scanning cycle field consists of how many lines
68 60 Hz The field rate in the NTSC television system
69 25 kHz What is the maximum frequency deviation for audio modulation in TV transmission
70 Y, I and Q What are the three separate signals derived from a matrix in a color TV transmitter?
71 54 -216 MHz Range of a VHF television transmitter
What is the approximate bandwidth occupied by the chrominance video signal for color
72 1.8 MHz TV?
73 0% What is the standard video level, in percent PEV for white?
74 push-pull amplifier balanced amplifier
75 15750 The number of scanning lines is _____ per second
76 30 Picture frames are repeated at the rate of _____ per second
77 Sensitivity A measure of how well the receiver can respond to very weak signals
78 75kHz What is the allowable freq deviation of a commercial FM broadcast band?
79 Class C The final amplifier is operated as
Improve the rejection of the image The main function of the RF amplifier in a superhet receiver is to
80 frequency
81 23.75 – 29.75 MHz The frequency range for cable TV channel T-13
82 806 and 192 MHz The television frequency which are now allocated to the land mobile services
12.2 – 12.7 GHz for downlink and 17.3 – Direct Broadcast satellite based allocation
83 17.8 GHz for uplink
84 Antennafier Antenna with an embedded amplifier
85 Antennaverter Antenna that uses a frequency converter
delta matching system What term describes a method used to match a high-impedance transmission line to a
lower impedance antenna by connecting the line to the driven element in two places,
86 spaced a fraction of a wavelength on each side of the driven element center?
gamma matching system What term describes an unbalanced feed system in which the driven element is fed both at
87 the center of that element and a fraction of a wavelength to one side of center?
stub matching system What term describes a method of antenna impedance matching that uses a short section of
transmission line connected to the antenna feed line near the antenna and perpendicular
88 to the feed line?
89 pillbox antenna sandwiched
90 honey antenna broad-beam biconical horn that has an omnidirectional pattern
91 flat antenna planar antenna that is on the same plane
92 test antenna ______ used for measurement of antenna performance
93 dolph-chebyshev antenna sidelobe level
94 HF frequency band uses over-the-horizon long range tracking with low accuracy and resolution
95 push-pull amplifier balanced amplifier
96 class A(vacuum tube) __________ amplifier…. Anode current that conducts all of the time
97 class B(vacuum tube) ________ amplifier …anode current that conducts at exactly half of the cycle
Class AB (vacuum tube) ___________ amplifier…. Anode current that conducts more than half a cycle but not less
98 than half a cycle
99 Class C (vacuum tube ____________ amplifier….. anode current that conducts less than half of the cycle
100 Fantastron free-running
101 60 wavelengths an electrically large antenna which is greater than
the resistance decreases, capacitance If the mobile antenna is decreased, and frequency decreases
102 increases
103 Laser Altimeter altimeter at the optical band
104 dual-beam antenna strong clutter
105 Gregorian antenna two concave mirrors
 Stack up two yagis that are perpendicular to make a linearly polarized antenna to a circularly polarized
at each other. The feed are both on the
same plane and fed up at 90 degrees out of
106 phase.
107 twist-polarization feed polarization

EST Module 10

# Answers Questions
1 Pitch The quality in sound that corresponds to color in light
2 250 and 500 Hz The maximum voice energy is located between
3 Volume unit meter A device used to measure speech volume
4 AWG #19 Which of the following is commonly used wire for subscriber loop design
5 Hybrid circuit A device that converts a 2-wire circuit to a 4-wire circuit
6 GMSK GSM uses what digital modulation technique?
7 Green Which of the following wire is used to transmit signal?
8 852 & 1209 Hz The corresponding frequencies for digit 7 in the touch tone telephone is
9 60 degrees What is the beamwidth of the reflector of the receiving antenna in the base station?
10 12 kHz What is the frequency deviation of the cellular telephone system?
11 1500 and 2300 Hz In FM fax, the frequencies for black and white are
12 Vestigial sideband AM Group 2 fax uses which modulation?
13 Group 3 The most widely used fax standard is
14 QAM Group 3 fax uses which modulation?
15 Thermal Most fax printers are of which type?
16 56kbps What is the transmission speed of group 4 fax?
17 12 kHz What is the max frequency deviation of an FM cellular transmitter?
18 935 – 960 MHz The base-to-mobile frequency assignment of a GSM system
19 1.23 MHz What is the bandwidth of cellular CDMA system?
20 Modified GSM What is the system used by PCN?
21 Erlang C Blocked calls delay conditions specified probability
22 GFSK The modulation used by DECT
23 890 – 915 MHz The mobile-tobase frequency assignment for GSM system is
24 13 The range (in miles) of a cellular CDMA system
25 900 THz The bandwidth of optical fiber
26 800 THz Fiber optic cables operate at frequencies near
An object farther from a converging lens than its focal point always has a /an _________
27 Inverted image
28 Virtual An object nearer to a converging lens than its focal point always has a/an _________ image
29 Larger The real image formed by a spherical mirror is _______relative to its object
30 200,000 hours What is the lifetime of LEDs?
31 50,000 hours What is the lifetime of ILDs?
32 Step-index multimode What type of fiber has the highest modal dispersion?
33 LED Is a non-coherent light source for optical communications
34 Semiconductor Which type of laser is the simplest to modulate directly by changing its excitation?
Which of the following is used as an optical transmitter in the Fiber Optical
35 LED Communications?
36 Single-mode graded index Which of the following is not a common type of fiber optic cable?
37 dB/km Cable attenuation is usually expressed in
38 2 km Which cable length has the highest attenuation?
39 X-rays Which of the following is not part of the optical spectrum?
40 400 – 750 nm The wavelength of visible light extend from
41 Single-mode step index Which type of fiber-optic cable is the most widely used?
42 Single-mode step-index Which type of fiber-optic cable is best for very high speed data?
43 Single mode step-index Which type of fiber-optic cable has the least modal dispersion?
44 99.9999% The ultrapure glass used to manufacture optical fibers is approx. ______ pure
45 Plastic-clad-silica In fiber optics, PCS stands for
46 Ampere/Watt What is the unit of responsitivity?
47 700 – 1200 nm Infrared range for fiber optics
48 higher losses Which of the following is a disadvantage for plastic fiber optics
49 Optoisolator An IC that represents a short distance one-way optical communications system
50 High losses Why are visible-light LEDs not used for fiber optics?
51 40 GHz What is the frequency limit of an optical fiber?
52 0.1dB The mechanical splice attenuation loss is _______ dB or less
53 1.5 Refractive index of glass
54 2.0 Refractive index of diamond
55 0.1 dB or less How much is the power loss of the fusion splice?
56 Pan/tilt device A mechanism or device which enables the TV camera to move in lateral and tilting motion
57 Wide angle What class of TV camera lens used to cover short distances?
58 955 – 2055 kHz What is the local oscillator frequency in commercial AM broadcast if it is equal to 455 kHz?
59 +2000 kHz What is the frequency tolerance of an FM Radio Broadcast station?
A newscast is a distinct unit of a program with a maximum news content of ________
60 1 minute(s) excluding intro, extro, headline and commercial load.
Commercial load for radio shall not exceed ____ minutes for one hour program in Metro
61 15 Manila
Commercial load for radio shall not exceed ______ minutes for one hour program outside
62 17 metro manila
Program interruption for the airing of commercial in Metro Manila shall not exceed _____
63 6 breaks in every program hour
Program interruption for the airing of commercial outside Metro Manila shall not exceed
64 6 _____ breaks in every program hour
65 6:00 AM to 8:00 PM For Metro Manila, the classification of prime time blocks for FM shall be
66 52 microseconds __________ is the time duration for one horizontal trace
67 A and B above (left to right, top to bottom) For NTSC TV system, the image is scanned from choices
68 525 One complete NTSC scanning cycle field consists of how many lines
69 15.75 Hz What is the horizontal synch/ blanking pulse rate?
70 60 Hz What is the vertical synch/ blanking pulse rate?
71 Beam production What is the purpose of an indirectly-heated cathode in a cathode ray tube?
72 25 kHz What is the max frequency deviation for audio modulation in TV transmission?
73 4.5 The video carrier and the audio carrier are separated by _______ MHz
74 470 - 890 MHz Range of a UHF television transmitter
__________ is the most effective filter for separating luminance and chrominance freq
75 Comb components
76 75% What is the standard video level, in percent PEV for blanking?
77 70% What is the standard video level, in percent PEV for black?
78 Video detector The sound and video signals are separated at the ______ of the TV receiver
79 F3F Type of emission produced when a freq modulated transmitter is modulated by a TV signal
80 Contrast Video signal amplitude determine the picture quality called
81 88 – 108 MHz The FM broadcast band is from
82 N What is the first letter-symbol for emission of unmodulated carrier?
83 180 – 186 MHz Channel 8 freq range allocation in cable TV
5950 and 26100 kHz International broadcasting (short wave) uses freq between ________ in accordance with
84 international agreements
ITFS Three stations are licensed to eligible educational entities for the distribution of program
85 material to students enrolled in instructional curricula
86 3 For the allocation of freq in the world, ITU divides the world into how many regions?
87 Sweep Generator Voltage or current generator that displays time sweep on radar systems
88 Mark Generator Shaping/generation of scale marks on a radar display
89 Weiner Filter
90 Gunn Effect 3kW/cm
X-band frequency band that is used in short range surveillance, long range tracking with high
91 resolution and accuracy
92 L-band frequency band that is used in long range surveillance with low resolution
VHF and UHF frequency band that is used in long range surveillance with low to medium resolution and
93 accuracy
94 Mm wave band frequency band that uses very small antennas, airborne and space use
95 Aperture Blockage blocking a portion of the aperture in radar systems
96 Grass Noise in radar systems
97 Hit Echo with a single pulse
98 APD Fastest optical receiver
Echo box receives a portion of the transmitted pulse and retransmits it back to the receiver as a
99 slowly decaying transient
Eclipsing radar system in which range ambiguity and range __________ are reduced by frequency
100 diversity and alteration of pulse periodicity
101 Diffraction Radiation Generator

EST Module 11

# Answers Questions
1 4:1 Impedance matching ratio if a coax balun
2 No power is applied When VSWR is equal to zero
3 Reflection Coefficient Ratio of reflected voltage to the forward travelling voltage
 The standing wave ratio is equal to __ if the load is properly matched with the transmission
4 1 line
5 Resistive load at the resonant frequency Transmission lines when connected to antennas have
6 36 CCS 1 Erlang
7 83 ohms For an Air dielectric, two wire line, the minimum characteristic impedance value is
8 300-3400 Hz Telephone channel has a band pass characteristic occupying the frequency range of
9 0-4 kHz Nominal Voice grade using PTN has an ideal passband of
10 300 -3400 Hz Standard analog telephone channel
CCITT recommendation for a preparation of loss plan, a variable loss plans and a fixed loss
11 G.122 plan
12 Quarter-wave Matching One method of determining antenna impedance
__ are unidirectional amplifiers having 20-25 decibel gain that are placed about 75 km
13 VF Repeaters apart used to compensate for losses along the telephone line
14 Single-wire line A single conductor running from the transmitter to the antenna
The transmission lines which can convey electromagnetic waves only in higher modes is
15 waveguides usually
16 to keep the waveguide dry Why is nitrogen gas sometimes used in waveguide?
17 F3C and A3E Emission designation for a facsimile
the line behaves as a parallel tuned circuit
18 in relation to the generator If a quarter-wave transmission line is shorted at one end
A 50 ohms transmission line is feeding an antenna which represents a 50 ohms resistive
19 any convenient value load. To shorten the line, the length must be
20 120 ohms Is not a common transmission impedance
transversely across the narrow dimension A rectangular waveguide is operating in the dominant TE10 mode. The associated flux lines
21 of the waveguide are established
at the beginning and at the end of the
22 cable The outer conductor of the coaxial cable is usually grounded
at a distance of one quarter wavelength If a rectangular waveguide is to be excited in the dominant mode, the E-probe should be
23 from the sealed end inserted
24 1 Desirable SWR on a transmission line
25 Reflectometer Measures SWR
214-056 twin lead which is commonly used for TV lead-in has a characteristics impedance
26 300 ohms of
27 0 Most desirable reflection coefficient
28 Phon Unit of loudness level
29 Mel Unit of Pitch
30 115.56 dB SPL 120 micro bars of pressure variation is equal to
If the distance between the listener and the source of the sound is doubled, the intensity is
31 ¼ reduced to
If the distance between the listener and the source of the sound is decreased ½ the original
32 4 times as great amount, the intensity of the sound is
33 Threshold of hearing The minimum sound intensity that can be heard is termed
34 Distortion Is an undesired change in wave form as the signal passes through a device?
35 Distortion Diagonal clipping in envelope detection will result in
Is a frequency change process, whereby the phase deviation and frequency deviation are
36 Multiplication multiplied by some fixed constant?
The modulation system is ___ if the modulating frequency is doubled, the modulation index
37 Frequency Modulation is halved, and the modulating voltage remains constant
In FM, Carson’s Rule states that the bandwidth is equal to twice the sum of the modulating
38 Frequency Deviation frequency and __
39 triggered multivibrator One implementation of a pulse averaging discriminator
40 higher value of operating power The advantage of a high level modulated AM transmitter is
41 Interference to other radio services Is the bad effect caused by over modulation in AM transmission?
42 have the same frequency Two different signals can be coherent if they
43 120 ohms Not widely used impedance
Test instrument that displays the carrier and the sidebands amplitude with frequency to
44 Spectrum Analyzer frequency?
45 Buffer Stage in a radio transmitter that isolates the oscillator from the load
46 3 components A single tone amplitude modulated wave has
47 1300 ohms The resistance limit for No. 2 Crossbar Exchange (US)
48 0.51 dB/1000 ft AWG # 26 has a typical loss of
49 Crosstalk Cause a herringbone pattern in facsimile
50 12 How many simultaneous calls does each DECT system can support?
51 1983 Cellular mobile system was first operated in
52 3 RG-58 cable has a loss of about __ dB at cellular frequencies up to 15 feet length
53 10 mW Power output of Personal Communications System (PCS)
54 1000 TACS is a cellular system with ___ channels
55 45 MHz Frequency separation between the transmitter and receiver
56 825.015/870.015 MHz For channel 1, transmit/receive frequency
57 666 The number of transmit/receive channels in the cellular system is
58 80 km The transmission range of cellular telephony is generally about
59 Calling channel Hailing channel
All of the cell base stations are linked together by __ which serves as the central office and
60 MTSO management node for the group
Is a voice operated device that inserts a high loss in the opposite direction of transmission
61 Echo Suppressor of the talking party
Type of connector arrangement wherein a customer may move to another location and still
62 TPS retain the telephone number
Block calls held condition specified the held probability at at time period equal to an
63 Poisson average holding time
64 TDMA Multiple access used by DECT
65 GFSK Modulation technique used by DECT
66 Digital AMPS Voted cellular digital standard at TIA
67 416 Number of channels for Band A and for Band B in Digital AMPS
__ of a data reduction says that when reducing a set of data into the form of an underlying
68 Jaynes maximum entropy principle mode, one should be maximally non-commital with respect to missing data
69 6000 Hz Supervisory Audio Tone (SAT) has __ frequency
70 100000 System capacity of AMPS
71 0 dBm = 0 V.U. A sine wave
What is the sound energy per unit area at right angles to the propagation direction per unit
72 Sound Intensity time?
Is the average rate of transmission of sound energy in a given direction through a cross-
73 Sound Intensity section area of 1 sq. m. At right angles to the direction
74 1 Maximum Voltage to be perfectly matched in trans line
75 1 to 100 GHz Microwave frequencies are normally regarded as those in the range of
76 to keep the electrons from spreading out What is the purpose of the electromagnetic field which surrounds travelling wave tube?
77 Klystrons High power TWT are replacing what in microwave amplifiers?
78 Blue Color Code for Channel 1 in Light Spectrum
79 6 dB What is the increase in SPL in dB if the pressure is doubled?
80 Base to Mobile In PCS, Forward Channel is
81 Reverse Channel Mobile to Base in PCS
82 Terahertz Photonics
83 900 How many groups are the in a super jumbo groups?
84 564 – 3084 kHz FDM U600 Mastergroup
85 No refraction will occur If Angle of incidence is zero
Huffman Code A source code whose average world length approaches the fundamental limit set by the
86 entropy of a discrete memory less source
87 10 Peak power level for klystron amplifier
88 1.55 micro meters “Windows” longest wavelength
Non- resonant The impedance measured at the input of the transmission line when its length is infinite or
when it is terminated by its own impedance is known as the characteristic impedance in a
89 ____ line
90 Dissipation Factor Relative Energy loss level of a capacitor
91 Installation In fiber optic, ___ range is critical
92 It is relatively free of spurious signal Control oscillator synthesizer is preferred over direct one because
93 the MTSO checks your SID in the data base In cellular telephony, roaming?
94 10-20 dB/km Optical fiber loss?
95 300 – 3400 Hz Voice grade channel
96 140 Amplitude characteristic of a video signal, where pure white is define in IRE, it has a total of
97 IMPATT Low power radar uses
98 Operational Amplifier Use in oscillator, amplifier, negative feedback, etc.
99 DVB-T Modulation technique in Europe
100 10 mW FCC AM broadcast channel 10 has a power of

EST Module 12

# Answers Questions
1 Areocentric Orbit An Orbit for planet Mars
2 Ionosonde Use to measure or examine ionosphere
Gaussian Noise, White Noise, Thermal Noise from random acoustic or electric noise that has equal energy per cycle over a
3 Noise specified total frequency band
4 290 K Reference Noise Temperature
 5 CCITT G. 151 Standard that recommends crosstalk limit
6 CCITT Rec. G. 172 Standard that utilized in inter-modulation noise rates on PCM audio channels
7 800 Hz Reference frequency of CCITT phosphometric noise measurement
8 15 to 160 MHz Industrial Noise
9 Crosstalk Interference coming from other channel
10 -90 dBm Reference noise level
11 frequencies above 30 MHz Atmospheric noise or static is not a great problem at
12 -85 dBm Reference level for noise measurement, F1A weigthed
13 -90 dBm Reference tone level for dBrn
14 Transit – Time Noise Types of noise becomes of great importance at high frequencies
15 11 years The solar cycle repeats the period of great electrical disturbance approximately every
16 Solar Noise Noise whose source is within the solar system
17 Noise Density Total noise power present in a 1-Hz bandwidth
What is the relation in degrees of the electric and magnetic fields in an electromagnetic
18 90 wave?
19 3 to 30 MHz High frequency Range
20 3 to 3 MHz Medium Frequency Range
21 Always seems less than its actual depth The depth of an object submerged in a transparent liquid
22 A fixed point in an electromagnetic wave What is a wavefront?
23 1W VHF ship station transmitters must have the capability of reducing carrier power to
A wide bandwidth communications systems in which the RF carrier varies according to
24 Spread-Spectrum Communications some predetermined sequence
25 Is greater than 1 The index of refraction of a material medium
26 12 GHz Cannot be used in beyond-the-horizon terrestrial communications without repeaters
27 UHF Tropospheric scatter is used with frequency range
may occur around the edge of a sharp
28 obstacle Diffraction of electromagnetic waves
29 X-rays The highest frequencies are found in
When a light ray approaches a glass-air interface from the glass side at the critical angle,
30 90 degrees the angle of refraction is
31 8000 lx The minimum illumination recommended for reading
32 Direct Wave Microwave signals propagate by way of
33 300 kHz to 3 MHz Ground wave communications is most effective in
34 HF Line-of-sight communications is not a factor in
35 Inverse Square Law States the power density is inversely proportional to the distance from its source
Highest frequency that can be used for skywave propagation between two given points on
36 MUF earth
37 Diversity Is not a cause of fading?
38 BPSK Cellular CDMA system uses this type of modulation method
39 Attenuation Is the progressive decrease of signal strength with increasing distance
40 towards the earth If k-factor is greater than 1, the array beam is bent
41 10 GHz Rainfall is an important factor for fading of radio waves at frequencies above
42 Delayed Spreading In microwave transmission using digital radio, what causes most inter-symbol interference?
waveguide match, cavity match, direct
43 coax-helix match Coupling into and out of a travelling wave tube can be accompanied by
44 Magnetron A high-power microwave pulse of the order of megawatts can be generated by a
45 1 to 100 GHz Microwave frequencies are normally regarded as those in the range of
46 loran C: 100 KHz Used for modern loran navigational system
47 Pulse Width Pulsed frequency is equal to
48 156.76 MHz and 156.8 MHz Used by a Class-C Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (E.P.I.R.B)
49 Radio Frequency It is concerned in the design of an antenna system for pulsed radar set
50 LF Band The operating frequency of loran C lies within the
51 8000 MHz A travelling-wave tube is used at frequencies in the order of
52 22 GHz Microwave frequency
53 Gunn Popular microwave oscillator
54 Tunnel Type of diode that does not ordinarily operate in reverse bias
55 Reflex Klystrons Low-power Gunn diodes are replacing
56 Wider Bandwidth The main advantage of a TWT over a klystron for microwave amplification
57 Klystrons High power TWT’s are replacing what in microwave amplifiers?
The optimum clearance from an obstacle in a microwave system is accepted as ___ of the
58 0.6 first Fresnel zone radius
The microwave beam curves the same than that of the earth when the value of the
59 Infinity correction factor k equals
60 Speed The Doppler Effect allows which characteristics of a target to be measured?
61 Gunn Diode Low-power radar transmitters and receivers use
62 10 GHz Typical radar frequency
63 K Band A microwave band of 10.9 to 36 GHz
64 92.4 + 20 log f + 20 log d A microwave communications system space loss calculation formula
A wire used to reduced skin effect The CCIR hypothetical reference circuit covering a
65 Litz Wire distance of 2500 km consists of a total of how many hops?
The CCIR hypothetical reference circuit covering a distance of 2500 km consists of a total of
66 54 how many hops?
67 183 GHz Water causes more attenuation particularly on what frequency?
68 60 GHz At what frequency does oxygen cause excessive attenuation?
69 43500 MHz What frequency does a radio altimeter operate?
70 1300 Hz RF carrier of the middle marker is modulated at
71 30 The first Philippine Mabuhay Satellite has how many channels?
72 36 The first Philippine agila 1 will have how many transponders?
73 38 AsiaSat 1 covers how many countries of Asia?
74 200 dB Approximate path loss from satellite-to-earth station
75 0.5s Delay time for satellite transmissions from earth transmitter to earth receiver
76 500 MHz The bandwidth of C-band satellite frequency band in US
77 14 A mobile satellite array has usually how many elements?
FDMA A method of multiple accessing where a given RF channel bandwidth is divided into smaller
78 frequency band
79 22,300 mi Height of satellite in a synchronous equatorial orbit
80 3 GHz to 30 GHz Most satellites operates at
81 FM Type of modulation used on voice and video signal
Syncom 1 The first satellite launched for a geosynchronous orbit but unfortunately lost during orbit
82 injection
83 Square root of the dielectric constant The velocity factor is inversely proportional with respect to the
84 1710-1785 MHz GSM 1800
85 1930-1990 MHz GSM 1900
86 Region 2 In USA and England, what regional coding is for DVD
Quantizing Noise Noise occurring in the presence of signal resulting from a mismatch between the exact
87 value of an analog signal and the closest available quantizing step in a digital coder
88 Audimeter Equipment use in measuring the ratings of a channel
89 Inter-carrier sound In television, 4.5MHz is the
90 2 Mbps 802.11 legacy data rates approximately
 15 GHz A waveguide has a cut-off frequency of 17GHz. Which signals will not be passed by the
91 waveguide?
EST Module 13

# Answers Questions
1 Ku currrent frequency band given most attention for Satellite Communications
2 30 to 0.3 Angstorms X-rays
two or more antennas operating on the
3 same frequency space diversity transmission means transmitting and receiving on ______
ship-to-ship communications system is plagued by fading. Best solution seems to be the
4 Frequency Diversity use of
5 440Hz American concert pitch A is equivalent to
6 435Hz International concert pitch A is equivalent to
7 2.20 to 3.30 d band
8 D lowest layer of ionosphere
9 Ionosphere highest layer of the atmosphere
10 F2 don't disappear at night
11 E next lowest layer
12 F2 highest layer
13 0.6 to 0.8 velocity factor of coaxial cable
14 0.5 to 0.9 velocity factor of transmission lines
15 NITA government and military communication
16 Cognitive related to mental processes of knowledge, reasoning, memory, judgment and perception
for navigation as well as marine and aeronautical communications and radar, ____ band is
17 L used
accepted official dimension of a mini-DV cassette package used in video recording in
18 66x48x12.2 millimeters
NTC memorandum circular governs the rules and regulations about the manufacture,
19 MC no. 02-05-88 acquisition, sale and service of radio communication equipment
20 0.31250 GHz a radio frequency in the UHF band of the radio spectrum
knife-edge diffraction when a space-wave signal passes over a mountain ridge, a small part of the signal is
21 diffracted down the far side of the mountain
22 55° angle of inclination of GPS system
23 350 mm bending of radius for fiberoptic
24 S-Video an analog video signal that carries the video data as two separate signals (brightness and
 color) is called
25 global beam a satellite beam that covers almost 42.4% of earth’s surface
26 link access protocol modem V.42
27 TDMA multiple access technique used in GSM cellular system
connector is popular in attaching test instruments like oscilloscpes, frequency counters,
28 BNC spectrum analyzers.
29 increase antenna height to increase the transmission distance of UHF signal
30 twisted pair medium used by IBM token ring network that operates at either 4 Mbps or 16 Mbps
31 150dB loudness level in which permanent damage to hearing is possible
coaxial cable connector is at least expensive and is widely used for TV sets, VCRs and cable
32 F-type connector TV
33 Calibration attenuator which connects passive two-ports
34 Ultraviolet Radiation primary cause of ionization
35 6 to 10 dB increase in sound level commonly perceived by most people
36 114dB sound pressure level if RMS sound pressure is 100microbars
coaxial connector is a more complex and expensive but do a better job in maintaining the
37 N-type connector electrical characteristics of the cable through the interconnections
38 50 kHz PCS(personal communication system)
39 binaural discrimination cocktail-end
40 FM capture effect
all of the choices (density, temperature,
41 pressure) acoustic behavior of gases
42 200kHz spectrum bandwidth of a single GSM carrier
43 1.6dB noise figure having lowest noise
44 MESFET transistor having lowest noise figure
45 cosmic noise noise outside the solar system
46 5years ECT can apply for registration without examination
47 space wave ionosphere propagate by
using the smallest possible radiation angle
48 ang highest possible frequency maximize the skip distance
two or more antennas on the same
49 wavelength space diversity
50 space waves frequencies in the UHF range propagate by means of
51 they are very reliable VLF waves are used for some types of services because
52 FM amplitude is constant at all times greatest advantage of FM over AM
53 correlation Companding
54 45MHz PCS(personal communication system)
55 rhythm sound characteristic relates to a sonic time pattern
56 40 MHz typical center frequency spacing between adjacent channels (transponders) in satellites
57 12hrs orbital period of GPS constellation
58 plane wave radiowave that is far from its source
59 horizontal polarization electric field that lies in a plane parallel to the surface of the earth
60 -85dBm reference tone level for dBa
61 108 to 114 MHz midband channel A-1
62 from 4 to 11 Huffman coding character contains bits
modulation technique used in data communications that is a variant of QAM that includes a
63 trellis coding modulation method for forward error correction
64 system capable of generating high power series modulation
65 IS-95 cellular standard known as the cdmaOne
the one supported by IEEE 802.11 medium range
66 recommendation
67 PVC most often used for outer covering of coaxial cables
68 10baseT Ethernet system is restricted only to 100m
69 7:8 principal musical intervals is considered dissonant
70 snell light traveling in air optical fiber follow
71 blue shortest wavelength in colors of light rays
each point on a spherical wavefront may be considered a source of secondary spherical
72 Huygen’s Principle wavefronts
73 ultrasonic high frequency sound that cannot be heared by the human ear
74 very loud apparent loudness level of 80dB
75 refracted ionoshpere causes radio signals to be
76 transmission loss amount of sound reduction provided by a barrier-wall,flooor or ceiling
77 echo perceptible sound repetition
splitting of white light into its component dispersion is the term used to describe
78 colors in reflection
79 331.5m/s velocity of sound in air at 0 degrees Celcius
 physical orientation of electric field in in electromagnetic waves, polarization means
80 space
81 -40 to 80 °C typical temperature range for installing fiber optical cable
space station station located on an object which is beyond and is intended to go beyond the major
82 portion of the earth’s atmosphere
83 above 30MHz atmospheric noise becomes less severe at frequencies
84 psophometer a device that measures the internal open circuit voltage
85 lengthen the skip distance if the transmitter power remains constant, an increase in the frequency of the sky wave will
86 dependent on the indexes of refraction a light ray enters one medium from another along the normal. The angle of refraction is
87 troposcatter two directional antennas are pointed so that their beams intersect in the troposphere
88 compress run-length encoding
89 4 to 8 best viewing distance of TV screen is ____ times the picture height
90 2.27 dielectric constant of polyethylene (PE) insulator
91 80 dB typical loudness level of an acoustic guitar 1 foot away
92 9.6kbps IS-95
93 lower satellite speed increases and its height in orbits gets ____
TTC satellite subsystem monitors onboard conditions such as temperature and battery voltage
94 and transmits this data back to a ground station for analysis
95 ephemeris normally associated with specifying the location of celestial body in space
96 attitude control subsystem satellite subsystem provides stabilization in orbit and senses changes in orientation
97 10 to 1000 microwatts range of speech power
employment of highly directional spot- how does spatial isolation technique satellite communications avoid interference
98 beam antennas
99 teflon polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) is also widely used insulator and is known as
100 tighter bends in installing fiber cable, ____is a long-time use
designated as the international distress, safety and calling frequency for radio telephony
for stations of the maritime mobile service when using frequencies in the authorized bands
101 156.8 MHz between 156 and 174 MHz.

EST Module 14

# Answers Questions
1 ITU-T new name of CCITT
2 4:1 Impedance matching ratio of a coax balun
3 double stub load matching over a range of frequencies
4 24 T1 for TDM system
5 C the final amplifier of either FM or AM transmitter operates as class ____
6 8 bits
7 center of the antenna where maximum current and minimum voltage values on a resonant Hertz dipole exist
8 request to send ciruit that is turned on
9 A3E and F3C emission designation for facsimile
In satellite communication, the geostationary satellites are conveniently located with
10 0 degrees latitude respect to the equator at ______
11 A3E refers to a double sideband full carrier
12 at feed point the voltage node of a half-wave antenna exists
13 Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying the modulation technique used by GSM cellular system
ferrite device that can be used in liue of a duplexer to isolate a microwave transmitter and
14 Circulator receiver when both are connected to the same antenna
15 horizontal aiming of the antenna in shipboard satellite dish antennas system, azimuth is referred as the _____
16 throughput the total useful information processed or communicated over a specific amount of time
approximate percentage of earth coverage of a geostationary satellite at zero degree
17 42.5% elevation
very early standard that defines binary digits as space/mark line conditions and voltage
18 V.1 levels
19 50 kW required minimum power output of an international AM BC stations
one of the first satellite system catering personal based communications services
20 Iridium system scheduled for operation
tropospheric ducting propagation condition is usually indicated when a VHF signal is received from a station over
21 5000 miles away
22 40dB signal to noise ratio that is required for a satisfactory television reception
23 television emission F3F
24 low noise amplifier single booster installed on the antenna dish of satellite receiver
noise generated that primarily determines the signal-to-noise ratio in a VHF (150MHz)
25 in the receiver front end marine-band receiver
latest government regulation in the telecommunication which provides policy for the
26 E.O. 109 provision of local exchange carrier service
27 20 Hz frequency tolerance of an AM radio broadcast station
basic mode of transmission system in the public data network in which data are transferred
from the source to the network and from the network to the destination in the frame
28 Packet Mode format
type of beam antenna which uses two or more straight elements arranged in line with each
29 Yagi Antenna other
30 Terminal Adapters used to connect non-ISDN equipment to ISDN line
Department of Transportation and
31 Communications executive branch of government in charge of policy making in the telecommunications
32 pilot channel forward link channel
33 binary phase phase reversal keying
each point on a spherical wavefront may be considered a source of secondary spherical
34 Huygen’s Principle wavefronts
term used to describe a spread spectrum communications system where the center
frequency of a conventional carrier is altered many times per second in accordance with a
35 Frequency hopping pseudo-random list of channels
36 both VLF and LF frequency bands can be refracted during the day by the D layer
37 flexible coaxial line considered the most frequently used transmission line
height of an ionized layer is determined from the time interval between the transmitted
38 virtual height signal and the ionospheric echo at vertical incidence
39 2.8 optimum volume per person of rooms for speech
40 0.8 to 1.2 sec optimum reverberation time at 500 Hz for a cinema
41 IF amplifier establishes the receiver bandwidth
Flicker noise is a poorly understood form of noise which may be completely ignored abouth
42 500 Hz above ____
43 between 15 to 60 typical gain of a rhombic antenna
44 10,800 voice band channels in a superjumbogroup
illumination factor is normally considered in computing parabolic antenna gain in
45 0.54 microwave communications
46 2.089 in acoustics, reference pressure in lb/ft2 unit
American National Standards Institute organization that published safety guidelines for the maximum limits of RF energy near the
47 (ANSI) human body
48 final RF stage measuring a transmitter’s frequency against a suitable standard, the frequency to be
 measured is taken from the
49 midday ionosphere most ionized
50 12 kHz cellular radios use FM with a maximum deviation of ± ______
device that measures the angle between two radio frequencies and also the direction of
51 goniometer propagation of a wave
an automated ship-to-shore distress alerting system using satellites and advanced
52 GMDSS terrestrial communications systems
53 Calorimeter device that measures rf power by measuring the heat the rf power generates
54 Dominant Mode considered the most efficient mode in terms of energy transfer in waveguides
In acoustics, ______ is the apparent change in frequency or pitch when a sound source
55 Doppler Effect moves either toward or away from a listener
56 5 mm and 2.5 mm oxygen molecule absorption peaks to electromagnetic wave are at what wavelengths
in cellular system, the _____ defines the geographic distance that is required between cells
using identical frequencies in order to avoid interference between the radio transmissions
57 distance-to-reuse ratio (D/R) at these cells
58 Frequency agility the ability of a mobile phone to change from one channel (frequency) to another
in cellular system, the average lead time to install a new base station is approzimately ____
59 6 months to a year
60 5150 m/s at one atmospheric pressure, what is the approximate speed of sound in steel
61 space noise noise observable up to 8 MHz
in the American standard, the aural transmitter maximum radiated power is ____ of peak
62 20 % visual transmitter power
63 2500 Ω end impedance of half-wave dipole
standardized as part of GSM phase 2+ that can offer theoretical data speeds up to 115
64 GPRS kbit/s
65 258 channel number of an FM station with a carrier frequency of 99.5 MHz
66 15 comparing the capacities of a DVD and an ordinary CD, DVD is ____ times bigger than CD
waveguide passive component that brings a smooth change in the direction of axis
67 h bend maintained perpendicular to the plane of polarization
a low frequency audible periodic variation in pitch of sound output in high fidelity sound
68 Wow reproduction system
_____ is a term in the test language for noise testing in telephone circuits that means a
69 Logatom one-syllable word consisting of a consonant, a vowel, and another consonant
 Because their power is increased by class C why are frequency modulation transmitters more efficient
70 amplifiers
71 ITU-W not an ITU sector
a component that samples the microwave signal traveling in one direction down to the
72 Directional coupler transmission line
73 40 dB signal-to-noise ratio is required for satisfactory television reception
74 96 telepone channels in AT 2 line
75 10 W maximum power that can be obtained from a microwave tube at 10 GHz
76 Discriminator circuit detects frequency modulated signal
Interpolator form of regenerative repeater for transmitting signals over a long cable received through a
77 relay in a clearer form
78 10.7 cm band particular wavelength is solar flux measured
79 2.5G enhancement of GSM including the GPRS
80 40 In television, sync-pulse is ____ IRE
81 935-960 MHz base-to-mobile frequency assignment of a GSM system
82 56 bits of PREAMBLE in Ethernet frame
83 100 Hz frequency used in communicating for submerged submarines
84 4240 to 4350 MHz frequency range of radio altimeter
85 blu-ray used for high definition video and data storage
86 18 fiber number of multi-core fiber colored white and black
87 plumbicon camera tubes uses lead oxide (PbO) for the photoconductive target plate
in accordance with the ITU specifications, the cutoff wavelength of a single-mode fiber is
88 1100,1280 from ____ to _____
89 9 RS232C uses ____ circuits for protocol handshaking
standard adopted by the grand alliance in digital broadcasting for multi-channel audio
90 Dolby standard AC-3 source encoding in America
91 URM-70 the cable type used in CCTV that has a maximum run-length of 250 meters
92 resistance lossy real impedance
93 14.8 mm typical diameter of an external diameter direct burial fiber cable
94 350 km latitude of international space station
95 piconet bluetooth
96 hot carrier shotckky??? diode or ____ diode
97 space wave decimetric wave
98 cryptomeria ciper cryptographic
99 18 mins per hour commercial load for TV
in a single sideband suppressed carrier, what is the maximum instantaneous peak power if
100 10 W PEP is 50 W
101 cutting an end fiber in preparation to cleaving is a process of _____ connecting two fibers

EST Module 15

# Answers Questions
1 3 Number of turns of a helix antenna
2 F layer Highest layer of the ionosphere during night time
3 60 GHz Oxygen causes what attenuation at what frequency
4 H3E One sideband
5 F2 Thickest layer of the ionosphere
6 300km F1 and F2 layer combines at night time at what distance
7 class C Class of Amplifier used at the last stage of AM receiver
8 local oscillator, mixer, rf amplifier Front-end “components” of the superhet receiver
9 semi-graded Fiber Optic Fiber optic used for electronic communication
10 120 kHz Carrier swing at 80% modulation
11 single sideband / DSB H designates what kind of modulation
12 dummy antenna Used for testing to avoid interference
13 use a dummy antenna How to prevent interference with the frequency of other stations during testing
14 increase rate of data transfer data switching is used to
15 shorten waveguide link Periscope antenna
16 2 one hop, full-duplex uses how many receivers
17 two way simultaneous transmission full duplex multiplexer
18 dead room a room with great sound absorption and less reverberation time
19 volume unit meter measures speech volume
20 30% red, 59% green, 11% blue luminance
21 pWp unit of noise power in posphometer
22 2300-2400 Hz group 1 frequency assignment for color black
23 1500 Hz group 1 frequency assignment for white
 quarter wavelength crystalline calcite device that reverses polarity of the fiber optic
24 retarder communication
Distortion caused by simultaneous frequency and amplitude modulation and carrier
25 dynamic instability frequency
26 8cm Size of a mini dvd
27 12cm Size of a standard dvd
28 ½ to 2/3 Antenna height is _____ of the actual height
29 1mW Reference noise power of test tone
30 NPR Unit of white noise voltage testing measurement
31 ½ SSB uses ___ of the bandwidth of the DSBSC
32 Shannon-hartley theory Indicated the maximum channel capacity
33 suppresses white noise not an advantage of series modulation
34 character asynchronous protocol is ___ oriented
35 V.27 V-designation for 4.8 kbps modes
36 J.81 For video 3.4 Mbps
37 Limiter Rid of FM noise
38 assure that the telephone is working Advantage of side tone
39 90 dB At what power level does a 1kHz tone cause zero interference (144 weighted)
40 800 Hz Reference frequency of CCITT phosphometer noise measurement
device that modulates an analog carrier signal to encode digital information in a telephone
41 MODEM line
42 4 Number of ships area assigned by the global maritime distress
43 radio operator telegraphy on board Not required on board by the maritime distress
44 120% Efficiency of Class 4 MODEM
45 800THz frequency at which fiber optics operates
46 15-160 MHz industrial noise frequency
range of wavelength at which Fiber Optics
47 operates what is optic window?
48 ground transmission lines are balance or unbalanced with respect to
at 41.000 MHz to 41. 005 MHz and a channel capacity of 12.5kHz, what is the first center
49 41.00625 MHz frequency
50 200kph wind loading of standard for Philippine antenna tower
51 standing waves energy that neither radiated into space nor completely transmitted
52 uniform resource locator Identifies the address of the webpage
53 James Clerk Maxwell electromagnetic radiation
54 MUF highest frequency wherein the signal is able to return back to earth
55 2B + D ISDN basic access line configuration
lies in the different definitions of
56 modulation index FM and PM difference
57 1 TU 1 erlang
The minimum value of the occupied bandwidth sufficient to ensure the transmission of
information at the rate and with the quality required for the system employed, under
58 Necessary bandwidth specified conditions
59 TE Electric field is perpendicular
60 electric field rotates Electromagnetic wave having circular polarization means
61 2 Reverberation time for large organs is ____ seconds
62 noncomposite video Camera output with no sync
based on the highest component of the Bandwidth of AM
63 modulating signal
64 much better noise immunity Advantage of PTM over PAM
65 2 In phase shift method, how many circuits is/are balanced
118.000 MHz to 136.975 MHz (worldwide Frequency range of an aircraft’s VHF communications
66 up to 151.975 MHz)
67 Orthomode transducer Detect signals that is both vertically and horizontally polarized simultaneously
protect small signals in PCM from the reason why companding is employed in PCM is
68 quantizing distortion
the process that uses the orthogonality of sines and cosines that makes possible to transmit
69 Quadrature multiplexing and receive to different signals simultaneously on the same carrier frequency
70 ampere/meter unit of magnetic field strength
the standard that specifies a balanced interference cable that will operate bit rates up to
71 RS-422A 10Mbps with a span distance of up to 1200m
72 antireflection coating when light strikes a flat polished end of a fiber, the fiber loss produced can be reduced by
Total elapsed time for the instant of initial transmission to the reception of the echo in
73 12.36microseconds radar communication system
74 antenna Used to collect RF signal in the receiver
75 9.6, 4.8 kbps Paging channel of a mobile communication network system
 the clocking is with the data of the Difference between synchronous and asynchronous transmission
76 synchronous transmission
two-wire or four-wire communication local loop
system that connects residences to central
77 office premises
“spreading” of color is not always white not describe a TV signal
(note: spreading is not the real term in the
78 answer. sorry)
79 1kbps transfer rate when 101001 data is transferred at 6ms
80 simpler, less costly, reliable binary communication is better because
81 technical, financial, legal consideration of new entrant
82 6dB over the gain of one antenna gain of 4 identically polarized antenna stacked one above the other
83 note A above middle C when played in piano or other instruments, note similar to the pitch of 440 Hz is
DC and RF heating of resistors then slow drift in frequency for self excited transmitter oscillator circuit resulting to poor
84 changes its values frequency stability
Heating of capacitor in the oscillator slow drift in frequency for self excited transmitter oscillator circuit resulting to poor
85 frequency stability
loose connection of oscillator, amplifier abrupt frequency variation of self excited transmitter oscillator circuit resulting to poor
86 and antenna frequency stability which changes frequency oscillation
87 hertzian wave Electromagnetic wave below 5000 GHz being transmitted without artificial guide
tropospheric ducting Propagation condition usually indicated when VHF signal is received from a station over
88 500 miles away
89 bridging function Used to connect data link
optic regenerator a fiber optic communication device consist of receiver transmitter used to clean up and
90 amplify digital data moving from one place to another at opposite direction
91 precedence in sound energy, dominance of the first sound wave in any point of location has ____ effect
residual noise level ratio of the level of modulated signal under the conditions of test modulated signal to the
92 level of unmodulated signal without modulation
value-added service provider an entity, relying transmission, switching and local distribution facilities of local excahange
and inter exchange carrier and overseas carriers providing enhanced services beyond
93 provided by such carriers
94 mobile radio not a common application of microwave communication
95 STX ___ is a character signifies the start of the test for Bisync
96 back wave Oscillator “leak through” of neutralized amplifier
97 start of frame delimiter In Ethernet, an 8-bit frame similar to that of a preamble which last two bits are 1s
128 In data communications, the maximum variable-length transmission packet is 4096 bytes
98 and the default is _____ bytes
99 Spark emission Type of emission used for radio telegraph and sidebands on the carrier
100 mean power Average power of a radio transmitter supplied at the transmission antenna
101 ionospheric scatter

EST Module 16

# Answers Questions
1 16:9 The HDTV has an aspect ratio of
2 25kHz The maximum frequency deviation in FM TV signal
What is the mode of the waveguide is both the magnetic and electric field is parallel in the
3 HE z-component
4 312 – 552 kHz What is the baseband frequency for basic super group?
5 cassegrain antenna What is the most commonly used antenna for satellite?
6 about 300 million meters per second At what speed do electromagnetic wave travel in free space
7 electric and magnetic field An electromagnetic field consists of
8 always seems less than its actual the depth of an object submerged in a transparent liquid
9 horizontal when a magnetic field is perpendicular to the surface of the earth, what is the polarization
10 Fading indicate which one of the ff terms applies to troposcatter propagation
the grounds wave eventually disappear as one moves away from the transmitter because
11 tilting of
the shortest distance measured along the earth’s surface that a sky wave is returned to
12 skip distance earth
13 ducting super refraction
14 tunnel diode commonly used for LNA
15 low band VHF channels 2, 4, 5, are
16 band-reject filter filter used for channel 2 to 13
17 500 Hz frequency for reverberation
18 8 to 1.43 GHz space noise is observable at what range of frequencies
19 pan/tilt device a mechanism or device which enables the TC camera to move in lateral and tilting motion
20 antenna which is the first component of any MATV system to receive broadcast signals
21 52 us time duration for horizontal trace
listing of the date and time of events, program etc malfunction and corrections in comm.
22 log Systems
23 Rec. 450.1 the CCIR transmission standards for FM sound broadcast at VHF
24 class III-B which of the class station is a regional channel
25 rec. 265.6 CCIR standards for internal exchange of programmes on film for television
26 T-1 The channel for cable TV range frequency 5.75 – 11.75 MHz
27 0.25 – 50 The permissible power in kW of station II-A during nighttime is
28 Divx MPEG -4 uses what media format
29 Provide attenuation Glass tube of TWT in coating the aquadag _______
30 5 Maximum deviation ratio for TM
31 186 – 192 MHz TV frequency band of channel 9
32 Troposcatter propagation A means of beyond the line of sight propagation of UHF signals
33 maintains the altitude Jet thrusters are usually fired to
34 repeater The main function of a communication satellite is as a/an
35 gravitational force and the centrifugal force A satellite stays in orbit because the following two factors are balanced
36 358 km The maximum distance of an apogee of the ISS
37 QPSK What modulation is normally used with digital data?
When the satellite are spaced 4 degrees of the 360 degrees complete circle, how many
38 90 parking space or orbit slots are available
39 3 In ITU frequency allocation, the earth is divided into
40 50,000 hrs What is the lifetime of ILDs?
Light goes from medium A to medium B at an angle of incidence of 40degrees, the angle of
41 is less than that in A refraction is 30 degrees. The speed of light in B
42 is a universal constant In a vacuum, the speed of an electromagnetic wave
to prevent sky-wave and upper ray
43 interference Distance near skip distance should be used for sky wave propagation
44 space wave Frequencies in the UHF range normally propagate by means o
45 UHF Tropospheric scatter is used with frequencies in the following range
46 blue light of which the following has the shortest wavelength (red,yellow,blue,green)
47 frequency when a beam light enters one medium from another, a quality that never changes is its
48 troposcatter propagation a means of beyond the line of sight propagation of UHF signals
49 sky wave type of radio wave responsible for long distance communication by multi skips is the
50 SDLC System network Architecture uses what protocol
51 Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution EDGE stand for
52 A3 AM type of emission
53 C3F Vestigial sideband emission
54 0 – 60 degrees celcius Fiber optics range of temperature during installation
55 10 meters Range of Bluetooth
56 384 Using GSM for EDGE, the date transfer rate is _____kbps
57 CDMA Multiplexing used for GSM, 1800 and 1900 MHz
58 C and Ku Most commercial satellite activity occurs in which band
59 vertical when a magnetic field is parallel to the surface of the earth, what is the polarization
60 vertical when a electric field is perpendicular to the surface of the earth, what is the polarization
61 local exchange service area local exchange area defined by the NTC that shares the same local exchange rates
62 Transduction A sub-discipline of acoustics, it is the study of how sound is generated
63 Act no. 3846 States the regulations on radio stations and communications
64 1900-1920 MHz ; 2010-2025 MHz Frequency band of TDM
65 1.66 Numerical value of the gain of a n isotropic antenna
66 75 KHz Maximum frequency deviation for FM
67 2300 Hz Frequency for color black
68 Adaptive multirate Speech coding of 3G system
69 piston Waveguide used by lower cut-off frequency is _____ attenuator
70 2.40 to 2.48 Frequency band of industrial, scientific and medical purpose is ___ to ___ GHz
71 class C Class of radio station with 100kW effective radiated power
72 Bessel function Determining the amplitude of an FM sideband requires
73 filter SAW device can be used as
74 10 W Cordless phones beyond 300 ft uses how much power
75 it uses digital signaling technique Not an advantage of LEO satellites for wireless media
76 single carrier, direct sequence Wi-Fi use
77 monitor Not a major section of laser
78 1.0 Noise reduction coefficient at perfect absorption
79 active In fiber optics, splicing
80 4 Category 6 UTP has how many twisted pair
81 superior noise immunity Advantage of PCM over PAM
82 120s How long is a 1Mbit image is transmitted using ISDN(64kbps)
83 33 In power class E1, the nominal power radiated is ___ dBm
long-distance radio communications The ionosphere is a region of ionized gas in the upper atmosphere. The ionosphere is
84 responsible for
85 solar cells The main power source for a satellite are
86 C and Ku Most commercial satellite activity occurs in which band
87 1.9 GHz Common Frequency used for Handy Phone
88 resolution The lowest amount of frequency
89 beam focusing and beam deflection The television picture tube magnetic field can be used for
90 prior to the mixer stage AM image signal is rejected
91 the dimension of each cavity resonator The frequency of oscillation by a magnetron is mainly determined by
0.95 In accordance with ITU specifications, the rate of the dispersion with wavelength for a a
92 single mode fiber must be less than _____- ps/nm^2/km
93 0.875 Threshold point of QPSK is plus minus
94 26.965 – 27.405 MHz Citizen frequency band radio service is _____
95 50 - 100 ____ GHz/km
Clear to send is a signalling message transmitted from the data communications equipment (DCE)
96 indicating to the data terminal equipment (DTE) that it may begin data transmission
97 9-10
98 Videotext
99 30
EST Module 17

# Answers Questions
1 1.544 Mbps T-1 carrier service has ___digital bit rate
2 Horn antenna The most widely used microwave antenna is a
3 400 – 750nm The wavelength of visible light extends from
4 1500 and 2300 Hz In FM fax, the frequency for black and white are ____ respectively
5 Reflectometer Which of the following is used to measure SWR
6 Overmodulation What causes splatter interference
A certification issued by the NTC for SRRS radio equipment complying to the SRRS technical
standards and specifications, where equipment has already been type approved by the
administration whose certification is acceptable and whose process does not require
7 Type Acceptance cetification laboratory testing
the wide dimension is greater than one- Using the TE mode, microwave power can only be transmitted in free rectangular guide
8 half of the wavelength in free space provided
9 0.6 to 0.8 Velocity factor of coaxial cables vary from
Refers to the local exchange service area where the telephone density is 1 per 100
inhabitants and shall be based on the telephone density target from the approved National
10 urban Telephone Development Plan (NTDP), expressed as main station per 100 persons
____ theory is deciding between a set of hypotheses when given a collection of imperfect
11 Estimation measurements
What type of connector arrangement where in a costumer may move to another location
12 TPS and still retain the same telephone number
Propagation of electromagnetic waves often called radio-frequency [RF] propagation or
13 Free space optics simply radio propagation
The planned European Satellite Navigation System known as Galileo has ___ no. of
14 30 constellation satellites
15 Tunnel The most commonly used LNA in satellite transponder is ___ diode
It suggests that there is more than one transmission path or method of transmission
16 Diversity available a transmitter and a receiver
17 Pulse width The IF bandwidth of a radar receiver is inversely proportional to
The chrominance processing circuits can be deactivated when monochrome broadcasts are
18 Color killer received by the __
19 I Which of the following is the color video signal with bandwidth of 1.3 MHz?
20 HF What is the broadcast frequency band used in short-wave broadcasting reception?
21 Thermal agitation a source of internal noise
_____ is an antenna array which is highly directional at right angles to the plane of the
22 Broadside array array?
23 Distortion and splatter What is the effect if the gain level being too high for signals entering the modulator?
24 Discriminator Demodulation of the audio signal is done by the ___
For class B-1 FM broadcast stations, the maximum ERP allowed is __ kw with an antenna
25 5, 200 height limited to __ feet above average terrain
Infrared technology is used to implement wireless LANs as well as the wireless interface to
connect laptops and other portable machines to desktop computer equipped with an
26 750 and 950 nm infrared transceiver. What wavelength band is used by the typical infrared LANs?
The ITU-T recommendation for error detection and correction for asynchronous
27 V.42 transmission
A mode that exists in fiber optics when the magnetic field is perpendicular to the direction
28 TM mode of propagation but there is a small component of electric field in this direction
29 349km The perigee of the international space station
30 A-5 A traditional cable TV channel that belongs to FM band
31 Foster-Seely, Quadrature, PLL The three major types of demodulators
32 70Mhz Most common IF carrier frequency
In microwave communication, what concepts may be used to analyze interference by
33 Fresnel zone obstacles near the path of a radio beam?
34 2.5dB Rayleigh Scaterring Loss at 8020 nm has a typical value of ___
35 1 Mbps The data rate of information transfer of mobile devices using “Bluetooth”
36 3 How many octaves is the frequency range 1 to 8 Mhz?
In accordance with existing provision of law and the KBP rules and regulations, all station
shall actively promote the growth and the development of Filipino music by playing ___
37 16 every 4 hours
38 single-tube color Precise scanning and linearity are most important in
39 A fully saturated color is mostly white Which of the following is false?
In an FM-phone signal, what is the term for the maximum deviation from the carrier
40 Deviation ratio frequency divided by the maximum audio modulating frequency?
41 Random noise Snow in a TV picture is a result of
42 6.18microseconds Time to travel one nautical mile
43 Radio frequency identification tag micro chip that attach of the antenna
44 To provide corona discharge balls that is attach to the antenna wings
45 4 simultaneous receiver 24 Galileo satellite
46 Group 3 PSK or QAM modulation in fax
47 2 minutes time to transmit 81/2 X 11 in fax
48 To have high sensitivity and selectivity advantage of heterodynes
49 Radio station construction permit D.O. 88
50 Amateur, paging in UHF or VHF band D.O. 88, DMPST
51 To inform calling from other mobile paging in cellular
52 Maximum distance between repeaters optical fiber
53 Return loss fresnel reflection in optical fiber loss
54 Near the center of vertical reflector where will the loading coil be put
55 292 ohms resistance loss in glass
56 Telemetry NTC allocated frequency, as of November
57 Leaky mode stripping effect
58 7.5m maximum bend of a optical fiber
59 Line turn around reverse transmission direction
60 Small rod supports the microphone called a fishing rod
61 Cocktail party when in crowded or noisy place, it is better to use two ears than covering one
62 9,600 word/min translate ACII, 9,600 bit/ sec
An instrument in aircraft provides two ILS system
63 separation
64 P500,000 spread spectrum fee per 1MHz
65 780-950 nm wavelength of infrared
66 1:1 ratio of dummy
67 1000 Hz allotted for rural
68 211.25 channel 11
69 651.25 channel 44
70 500 frequency in ship and coastal
71 Computer telephone integrator provides number of new computer
72 Radar lock steerable parabolic antenna
73 22dB minimum gain of channel 13
74 90cm separation in 2GHz
75 428 horizontal resolution of broadcasting
76 30Hz spread spectrum increment
77 51.84 sonnet sts-I
78 Cellular digital packet data transfer from laptop to workplace
79 0.0001 picowatts intensity of sound per 1000Hz
80 Radio silence during silent period in the IRR, radio transmitter in maritime general calling should observe
14, 15 optical fiber range from approximately one times ten raised to __ to one times ten raised to
81 __
82 Frequency response of the video resolution of the picture color tv
83 Reduced carrier single band emission form of single sideband emission when carrier are suppressed
84 Waveguide three dimension turn to one direction
85 Syncopated asynchronous bit timing
86 178.83 channel 7
87 Active noise control electronic method to oppose unwanted noise
88 Has larger bandwidth and … ITU
89 Cleave Referred as a break in optical fiber
90 75Mhz Marconi beacon
91 8 Bluetooth can support ___ simultaneously in 10m radius
92 10 minutes Travel time in 5km distance
93 To maintain oscillator frequency Purpose of AFC in FM
94 OMEGA uses low frequency
95 Doppler discriminator as a second detector
96 To establish and maintain link data link layer
97 TDM Multiple sources each converted to a same frequency
98 smart antenna Automatic moving of antenna
99 CSMA/CD access method in Ethernet
100 Data link layer The OSI layer that manage traffic on the link

EST Module 18

# Answers Questions
1 An error occurred in transmission What is indicated by blinking in an Ioran system?
 2 250-750 The primary coating of an optical fiber has a core diameter of _____ microns
3 8 - 10µm The core diameter of a single-mode fiber optic available in the market
4 Group velocity Velocity that is the speed with which a constant phase is seen to be moving as a group
5 Doppler Reference Navigational System Dead Reckoning (DR) system used by helicopters
6 30 transponders Number of transponders of Philippine Agila II
7 Terminal adapter Device used to connect non-ISDN equivalent to ISDN line
8 1.23MHz The bandwidth used by CDMA sytem
9 13 Superband is located above channel ___
10 1.8MHz Chrominance subcarrier frequency
11 54-216MHz Range of VHF transmitters
12 10-4 µm Angstrom is equal to __
13 1.25MHz In CATV systems, the visual carrier is located at ___
According to NTC 03-03-2005A or the Rules and Regulations on Broadcast Messaging
14 P200 Service,Telcos with violations will have a penalty of ____per subscriber
Department Order no.88, of MNTSC requires the supervision of an ECE in the operation and
15 6 maintenance of a total of ___ stations or any other type of land stations
”cross-link”, the distance between two geostationary satellite (note: “crosslink” not
16 60,000 sure.sorry)
17 520 Satellites that are newly launched have solar cells capable of supplying ___ watts
According to NTC 03-11-2005 or Registration of VoIP Service Providers and Resellers, Voip
18 P5 million providers shall give as a performance bond, amounting to____
19 105.5MHz The carrier frequency of FM station channel 288
Camer lens aperture can be made smaller by “stopping down” the iris to an effective
20 half diameter of about 1/sqrt of 2 reduces light by ____
Birefringence sensor A sensor where external stimuli is used, allows to change optical path lengths, and also in
21 the reinforcement/cancellations of light waves at the photo-detector
22 Broadband transmission A type of transmission that uses the connecting medium as a multi-channel device
23 gateway A device used to connect different LANs to a common network
24 0.01dB to 0.1dB The power loss due to fusion splice
25 cochlea The part of the ear that is auditory and has fluids
inversely proportional to the sqrt of change
26 in density The pitch to density relationship is given by: the change in frequency is ____
27 Kerr cell A sensor wherein the birefringence is directly proportional to the square of electric field
28 22dB The minimum gain of channel 11 CATV
29 R interlace Interlacing used for pre-ISDN standard for basic rate access for ISDN environment
30 C-band VSAT operates at what band?
An aeronautical radionavigational system
that contains two information related to
31 the runway What is the most appropriate description for an ILS system?
32 Continuous-phase modulation Which is not a hybrid analog and digital modulation technique?
33 Delta modulation A modulation wherein a train of pulses
34 phase What is measured in an OMEGA system?
35 Gravitational pull and inertia For a satellite in orbit, the two parameters must be balanced. These are ___
36 thruster To stabilize a satellite in orbit, this is used
37 White and orange Broadcast station towers are painted __
38 mode The superposition of two TEM wave
Mirror-like reflection, a single direction of light when reflected becomes a single outward
39 specular reflection, this phenomenon is called
40 plumbonic Camera lens that uses lead oxide
What height of an ionized layer is determined from the time interval between the
41 Virtual height transmission signal and ionospheric echo at vertical incidence?
42 Flicker A noise that lowers intensity with frequency
43 Glitch An extraneous bit is added to the bit stream by a noise source
44 Bad filter Cause of slow rising white “hum bars” in the television
In error correction and detection, a process where additional bits are included in the bit
45 hamming code stream
Any subscribed or unsolicited message sent to a user without his/her consent and is sent by
46 Push message PTE or CP
47 Absent-user service The user tells all callers that the terminal is unavailable
48 bandstop A type of filter that allows below and above frequencies
49 Synchronizing signal analyzer Not included component
50 gunn diode Which diode is a popular microwave oscillator?
51 Wider bandwidth Advantage of TWT over Klystron
52 permanent magnet For proper operation, a magnetron must be accompanied by a
53 IEEE 802.11 In wireless transmission, it is considered as medium range
54 At the control room console The camera control unit is located____
55 degaussing coil It is used to demagnetize TV sets
56 around the tube face Degaussing coil is located__
57 Popcorn noise Burst noise is also known as____
58 Range and bearing Pulsed radar sets are used to find___
59 111 Number of windows in an optical fiber that is available now
60 63 Firewire can connect together up to ____peripherals
61 50% At max sunspot activity, electrons/cm3 in E layer increases by___
62 Helical An antenna that can receive TEM wave polarized in all direction
63 Low wattage light bulb Least luminous efficiency
64 End effect Shortening effect of an antenna that makes it appear as if it were 5% longer
65 Skin antenna An antenna that is mounted on aircrafts
66 1.76dB What is the theoretical gain of a Hertzian dipole?
If the reflecting surface of a parabolic antenna has accumulated layers of dirt, what is the
67 only negligible effect effect of this?
68 Exact interlacing When ½ of line scanning is used for scanning odd and even lines
If a mirror cannot be adjusted to view everything, one way to overcome this is by changing
69 shorter focal length to
70 10-1000µW Typical Speech power
The industry that includes the design, operation and implementation with regards to space
71 Aerospace and air
72 TDMA Multiple access used by DECT
The area in which no interference-free primary service is given by a licensed Broadcast
73 White area Station
74 SONET Replaces PDH
75 62.6 Standart Noise temperature in Fahrenheit
76 Syncom II First geosynchronous satellite launched in 1963
77 57deg The Angle of I signal(broadcasting-color)
78 20kW Earth’s base station output power to space
79 on starboard beam What do you call… 90deg at nose of ship
80 speed Measured quantity in Doppler
81 198-204 MHz Frequency range of channel 11
82 0.2 Angstrom Core diameter of step index multimode fiber
83 60 Land mobile service beamwidth
 P6000 & 6years According to Act 3486, the maximum penalty for a person who commits three offenses
84 are___
85 30% red 59% Green 11% Blue Luminance(Y) combination
86 3.5795MHz NTSC standard sub-carrier frequency (color TV)
87 4 and 6GHz Scintillation occurs at what frequencies
88 13-17 dB For sound carrier not to overlap with higher visual carrier, it must be attenuated by___
89 waveguide Limits the 3 dimension propagation to only a single direction
90 11 Sunspot occurs every how many years
91 electric field The part of EM wave that affects matter when it comes in contact
92 waveguide It is the propagation by reflection instead of conduction
93 1-5kHz Ear is sensitive at what frequency
94 Non composite video Camera output signal without sync____
95 Frequency allocation
96 4 Number of bits present in 16 combinations
Nicad Solar cells are used for satellite power requirements. During eclipse, ____ batteries are
97 used as back-up
98 Terahertz Photonics are used in very large frequencies, mainly in the range of ____
Condenser A type of microphone wherein a tiny amplifier is built into it during casting that is called
99 head amplifier
Writing Bar The part of a fax machine, which consists of rectilinear ribs, determines the position of the
100 scanning lines of record medium

EST Module 19

# Answers Questions
1 invert-on-zero One synch bit for every after 7bits
2 802.15 Bluetooth
3 723 kbps Bluetooth throughput
4 spread spectrum Bluetooth uses what multiple access
5 QPSK SPADE uses
6 Manchester Coding Fast Ethernet 10 Mbps uses
7 TD/CDMA Not 3G
8 CDMA2000 1X 3G October 2000
 9 T index IPS Radio and Satellite System Australia
10 contention Try to send at baseband network cable
11 collision Sending at baseband network cable
12 Microsat Satellite 10-100 kg
13 Satellite Anomaly Spacecraft problem
14 Satellite Payload Satellite actual user information
15 Huffman Code Commonly used has lesser number of bit than not commonly used
16 nonlinear devices AM uses
17 SSBSC(Single Sideband Suppressed Carrier) ITU designation J
18 EDGE WIFI with broadband data rate
19 2 Mbps Broadband data rate
20 20 – 80 mA Telephone current
21 90 V, 20 kHz Telephone ring
22 802.11b WIFI
23 Space diversity 2 or more antennas at same frequency
24 Polarization Type of diversity same as space diversity with two antennas
25 Diversity Protection Backup for 11 or more
26 Hot-Standby Protection Designated backup for each
27 12.5kHz SRRS planning
28 32.28 Mbps Terrestrial Digital TV
29 650 nm DVD laser diodes wavelength
30 ITU Prime meridian
31 Molniya of Russia Highly elliptical orbit
32 elliptical Vertical and horizontally polarized but unequal magnitudes
33 Word Interleaving T1 interleaving method
34 28 kbps E1 uses frame alignment bit rate
35 42.5 % Capture range for 0 deg. Elevation
36 Photodetector Facsimile
37 ILD (Injection Laser Diodes) Fiber optic light source with narrow emission
38 80 – 8000 Hz Naturalness
39 160 – 8000 Hz Monoaural
40 throughput Useful information capacity
41 T2 Binary 6 zero coding
42 Aug. 19, 1997 First Philippine Satellite launched
43 55 to 1 MP2 to HDTV ratio
44 small Microwave repeater angle should be set to
45 Photonics Using fundamentals of light
46 PCS Plastic cladding, glass core
47 All of the above Measuring of band of sound pressure level
48 All of the above Advantages of SSB AM to AM
index of refraction of core is greater than
49 clad The relation of index of refraction of core and clad
50 modulating amplifier Sideband power comes from
51 Class B Class of FM with antenna 500 in height
52 Class C Mobile phones with GPRS and GSM functions but manually interchanged
53 Sample and Hold Circuit Natural Sampling do not use
54 Zeeman Effect Spectral splitting due to strong magnetic fields
55 mode Waveguide, superposition of two planar waves
56 GPS Provides ITU all over the world
57 3GPP 3GSM
58 Interference Voice frequency transmission disadvantage
59 incompatibility with receivers QAM disadvantage
60 link layer Bad frames are detected by
61 Input impedance Parallel resonant LC circuit
62 unavailability parameter Downtime / (downtime + uptime)
63 to detect collisions CSMA / CD
64 C/N Most important Parameter of uWave Systems
65 Heaviside-Kennaly Reflective upper atmosphere
66 harmonic law Square of period is proportional to cube of distance
67 A AM double sideband designation
68 to increase write speed High velocity of rotating video heads
frequency is added below and above the Image frequency
local oscillator which is equal to
69 intermediate frequency
70 to improve tracking Padders on receivers
71 greater at low frequency Flicker noise
72 when the signal does not change Granular noise happens
73 forward link Base station/Cell site to mobile unit
74 Articulation test Test for intelligibility
75 articulation efficiency Percent of correct syllables
76 80 % Percentage to be considered in articulation test to be 100 % intelligent
77 AMPS Analog mobile comm. Fastest data rate
78 odd Square wave harmonics
79 45 degrees 8PSK has degrees separation
80 Dxing Hard-to-get stations
81 4 times voltage 100% modulation, RF amp voltage
82 to minimize interference Sound is 0.5 of power compared to picture
83 miles in length VLF antenna is impractical
84 transequatorial Mysterious radio wave propagation that occurs in the equator at minimum sunspot
increases with phase deviation, decreases FM modulation index
85 with modulation frequency
86 millimetric waves EHF
87 reciprocity principle Antenna parameters interchangeable between antenna and receiver
88 5.9 microseconds Back porch
89 impedance tube matching Measuring absorption coefficient
90 vertical domain Space diversity domain
91 integrate the PM wave before modulation Deriving FM from PM
92 fade margin Considered as loss in transmission systems
93 noise margin The difference between driver and terminator
94 Alfven wave Depends on the direction of magnetic field not on its magnitude
95 one wavelength Near region
96 12 Superframes consist of how many frames
97 32,000nT Magnetic field intensity at equator
98 Supplementary Category of isdn digital service which is additional services
99 via net pulse Transmission planning which is approaching to a zero transmission loss
100 blanking pulse Pulse “Blanked” out and is invisible in the receiver