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Groovy Basics

This document provides an introduction to the Groovy programming language. It discusses that Groovy is a dynamic, object-oriented scripting language that runs on the Java Virtual Machine and seamlessly integrates with Java. It allows Java code to be easily refactored to Groovy by removing unnecessary syntax like semicolons and type declarations. The document contrasts Groovy and Java, showing how Groovy provides syntactic sugar and modern features over Java in a more productive way. It also gives examples of refactoring Java code to equivalent Groovy code. Finally, it briefly outlines the Groovy ecosystem of related frameworks and tools.

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Arogya Kiran Babu
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312 views21 pages

Groovy Basics

This document provides an introduction to the Groovy programming language. It discusses that Groovy is a dynamic, object-oriented scripting language that runs on the Java Virtual Machine and seamlessly integrates with Java. It allows Java code to be easily refactored to Groovy by removing unnecessary syntax like semicolons and type declarations. The document contrasts Groovy and Java, showing how Groovy provides syntactic sugar and modern features over Java in a more productive way. It also gives examples of refactoring Java code to equivalent Groovy code. Finally, it briefly outlines the Groovy ecosystem of related frameworks and tools.

Uploaded by

Arogya Kiran Babu
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Groovy Language

Basics

Sang Shin
Michèle Garoche
http://www.javapassion.com
“Learn with Passion!”
1
Topics
• What is and Why Groovy?
• Refactoring Java code into Groovy code
• Differences from Java
• Inter-operating with Java

2
What is & Why Groovy?
Groovy
• Dynamic, objected oriented scripting language for
JVM
• Seamless integration with Java
> Designed with Java in mind from the beginning
(unlike other scripting languages)
> Easy to learn for Java programmers
• Borrowed language features from Ruby, Python,
Smalltalk

4
Why Groovy over Other Scripting Language?
• Dynamic language specifically designed for Java
platform
> Leverage the benefit of JVM
• Effortless transition from Java to Groovy
> Groovy code, when compiled, generated Java
bytecode
> Existing Java code work in Groovy environment “as
it is” basis
> Incremental change is possible in fact
recommended

5
Groovy IS Java (or BETTER Java)
• Provides syntactic sugar
> Easy and fun to code (like Ruby)
• Provides new language features over Java
> Dynamic typing
> Closure
> Meta-programming
• Provides easier development environment
> Scripting
> Combines compilation and execution into a single
step
> Shell interpreter

6
Why Groovy (or Scala)?
What is “State of Java”?
Java as a Programming Language
• Java programming language has been a huge
success but it is showing its age
• Java programming language has not evolved
significantly since JDK5 (2004)
• Java programming language is verbose
• Java programming language lacks modern
language features
> Closure, Meta-programming, DSL, Functional-
programming, Operator overloading, Regular
expression as a first class citizen, etc
• JDK7 is being delayed again
8
Java as a Platform (JVM)
• JVM is proven to be a great run-time platform
> Secure, highly performing, mature, etc
• We need better programming language over JVM
> Runs over JVM
> More productive, more fun, less verbose syntax
> With modern language features
> Seamless interoperability with Java programs
• Viable Choices
> Groovy
> Scala
> JRuby
> Clojure
9
Refactoring Java Code
into Groovy Code
Java Code - POJO
import java.util.List; public void setMessage(String Message) {
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator; this.message = Message;
}
public class Blog {
private String name;
private String message; public static void main(String[] args) {
public Blog() {} List Blogs = new ArrayList();
Blogs.add(new Blog("1", "one"));
public Blog(String name, String Message) {
this.name = name; Blogs.add(new Blog("2", "two"));
this.message = Message;
} Blogs.add(new Blog("3","three"));

public String getName() {


return name; for(Iterator iter = Blogs.iterator();iter.hasNext();) {
} Blog Blog = (Blog)iter.next();
public void setName(String name) { System.out.println(Blog.getName() + " " +
this.name = name; Blog.getMessage());
}
}
public String getMessage() { }
return message;
}
}
11
Groovy Code - POGO
class Blog {
String name
• No more import
String message statement
}
• No more getter/setter
def blogs = [
new Blog(name:"1", message:"one"),
methods for properties
new Blog(name:"2", message:"two"),
new Blog(name:"3", message:"three")
• No more constructor
] method
blogs.each { • No more semicolor ;
println "${it.name} ${it.message}"
} • No more parenthesis in
a method call
• No type specification
12
Groovy Code - POGO
class Blog { • No more ArrayList class
String name
String message > Use [..] notation
}
• No more “for” loop
def blogs = [ > Use closure
new Blog(name:"1", message:"one"),
new Blog(name:"2", message:"two"), • No more main() method
new Blog(name:"3", message:"three") > main() method gets
] added by Groovy
blogs.each { • No more
println "${it.name} ${it.message}" System.out.println()
}
> Use println

13
Differences from Java
Differences from Java
• Semicolons are optional.
> Use them if you like (though you must use them
to put several statements on one line).
• The return keyword is optional.
• You can use the this keyword inside static
methods (which refers to this class).
• Methods and classes are public by default.
• Attributes are private by default
• Inner classes are not supported at the moment.
In most cases you can use closures instead.
15
Differences from Java
• The throws clause in a method signature is not
checked by the Groovy compiler
> because there is no difference between checked
and unchecked exceptions.
• You will not get compile errors like you would in
Java for using undefined members or passing
arguments of the wrong type
• Basic packages are imported by default

16
Packages that are imported
• java.io.*
• java.lang.*
• java.math.BigDecimal
• java.math.BigInteger
• java.net.*
• java.util.*
• groovy.lang.*
• groovy.util.*

17
Inter-operating with Java
Groovy Ecosystem
Groovy Ecosystem
• Grails - Web application framework
• Griffon - MVC Desktop application framework
• Gant - Ant scripting language
• Spock - Testing framework
• Gaelyk - Toolkit for Google App Engine
• Gpars - Concurrent, Asynch system
• CodeNarc - Groovy code analyzer
• Many more

20
Thank you!

Check JavaPassion.com Codecamps!


http://www.javapassion.com/codecamps
“Learn with Passion!”

21

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