Hoa 1 - Indus Valley Civi.
Hoa 1 - Indus Valley Civi.
Hoa 1 - Indus Valley Civi.
INDUS VALLEY
CIVILIZATION
3000 – 1500 BCE
Features:
This civilization was a highly developed
urban one and two of its towns, Mohenjo-
Daro and Harappa, represent the high
watermark of the settlements.
Spread to a wide area in northwestern and
western India.
Thus this civilization is now better known
as the Harappa civilization.
Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa are now in
Pakistan and the principal sites in India
include Ropar in Punjab, Lothal in
Gujarat and Kalibangan in Rajasthan.
FEATURES:
The most dominant feature in this city would be the Urban Planning
Mohenjo-daro was successively destroyed and rebuilt at least seven times.
Each time, the new cities were built directly on top of the old ones. Flooding
by the Indus is thought to have been the cause of destruction.
The city was divided into two parts,
Citadel
Lower City.
Most of the Lower City is yet
uncovered, but,
Citadel is known to have the public
bath, a large
Residential structure designed to
house 5,000 citizens, and two large
assembly halls.
Citadel:
The citadel houses the most important
administrative components of the City
• Granary
• Great Bath
• Stupa
• Assembly hall
• Fortifications
The Citadel is the smaller component
of the City
The Streets are not aligned to the
cardinal points as in the lower town
Consists of ramparts and fortified
structures
The stupa was a later addition in 500
AD
The city was divided into two parts,
the Citadel included an elaborate tank or
bath created with fine quality brickwork
and drains; this was surrounded by a
verandah. Also located here was a giant
granary, a large residential structure,
and at least two aisled assembly halls.
Great Bath:
• The bath measures 12m x 7m x 2.4m
• 2 wide staircases lead down from the N
and S and there are 2 small sockets at the
edge of the stairs which might have held
wooden treads or planks
• A small brick edging extends for the entire
width of the bath
• The floor is made water tight by the use
of bricks on edge with gypsum plaster
• Water proofing has been provided by the
use of a thick layer of bitumen or tar along
the edges and the floor too
• A series of rooms are located on the
eastern edge of the building
• In one room is a well that may have
supplied water to the tank
• There are no inlet points
Lower Town:
The Lower Town is organised on a
grid system with 4 avenues running
from north to south and four
running from east to west.
The avenues are several metres wide
and have drains running down the
middle or side of the road.
The avenues divide the Lower Town
into many blocks.
Alleyways and lanes further divided
these blocks.
it was probably where most of the
people in the city lived and worked
STREETS :
The streets were broad varying from 9
feet to 34 feet.
They ran straight to a mile.
They were suitable for wheeled traffic.
Lanes were joined with the streets.
Each lane had a public welt.
Street lamps were provided for DRAINAGE SYSTEM:
welfare of public. The elaborate drainage system was a remarkable
feature of the civilization.
No ancient civilization before, had such an
advanced drainage and sanitation system.
Each house had horizontal and vertical drains.
House drains emptied themselves into the main
drains which ran under the main streets and
below many lanes.
There were underground drains for the streets.
These drains were covered by stone slabs.
The soak pits were made of bricks.
The house drains were connected with road
drains. HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & CULTURE- I
MOHENJODARO - PLACE /MOUND OF THE DEAD DRAINAGE