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Lecture-4 Features of Microprocessor

The document describes the 8085 microprocessor and its components. It discusses the serial I/O control signals SID and SOD, and the timing and control unit signals ALE, RD, WR, IO/M, S0, and S1. It then covers the interrupt control unit, pin diagram, pin descriptions grouped into power/clock, address bus, data bus, control/status, interrupts, and serial I/O. Finally, it provides details on the pin configurations and their functions.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Musaddiq
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© © All Rights Reserved
361 views

Lecture-4 Features of Microprocessor

The document describes the 8085 microprocessor and its components. It discusses the serial I/O control signals SID and SOD, and the timing and control unit signals ALE, RD, WR, IO/M, S0, and S1. It then covers the interrupt control unit, pin diagram, pin descriptions grouped into power/clock, address bus, data bus, control/status, interrupts, and serial I/O. Finally, it provides details on the pin configurations and their functions.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Musaddiq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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8085 MICROPROCESSOR

Prepared By
Muhammad Musaddiq
Serial I/O Control:

Serial I/O Control:


• It has two control signals named SID and SOD for serial data transmission.

Timing and Control unit:


• It has three control signals Address Latch Enable (ALE), RD (Active low) and
WR (Active low) and three status signals IO/M(Active low), S0 and S1.

• ALE is used for provide control signal to synchronize the components of


microprocessor and timing for instruction to perform the operation.
Timing and Control unit:

• RD (Active low) and WR (Active low) are used to indicate whether the
operation is reading the data from memory or writing the data into
memory respectively.

• IO/M(Active low) is used to indicate whether the operation is belongs to


the memory or peripherals.
Timing and Control unit:
Interrupt Control Unit:

Interrupt Control Unit:


• It receives hardware interrupt signals and sends an acknowledgement for receiving the
interrupt signal.

Pin Diagram and Pin Description Of 8085

8085 is a 40 pin IC, DIP package. The signals from the pins can be grouped as follows
• 1. Power supply and clock signals
• 2. Address bus
• 3. Data bus
• 4. Control and status signals
• 5. Interrupts and externally initiated signals
• 6. Serial I/O ports
Pin Configuration of 8085
Pin Configuration

• Power supply and clock frequency signals


• Vcc + 5 volt power supply
• Vss Ground
• X1, X2: Crystal or R/C network or LC network connections to set the
frequency of internal clock generator.
• The frequency is internally divided by two. Since the basic
operating timing frequency is 3 MHz, a 6 MHz crystal is connected
externally.
• CLK (output)-Clock Output is used as the system clock for
peripheral and devices interfaced with the microprocessor.
Pin Configuration

Address Bus:
• A8 - A15 (output; 3-state)
• It carries the most significant 8 bits of the memory address or the 8 bits of the I/O address;

Multiplexed Address / Data Bus:


• AD0 - AD7 (input/output; 3-state)
• These multiplexed set of lines used to carry the lower order 8 bit address as well as data
bus.
• During the opcode fetch operation, in the first clock cycle, the lines deliver the lower order
address A0 - A7.
• In the subsequent IO / memory, read / write clock cycle the lines are used as data bus.
• The CPU may read or write out data through these lines.
Pin Configuration

Control signals:

• ALE (output) - Address Latch Enable.


• This signal helps to capture the lower order address presented on
the multiplexed address / data bus.
• RD (output 3-state, active low) - Read memory or IO device.
• This indicates that the selected memory location or I/O device is to
be read and that the data bus is ready for accepting data from the
memory or I/O device.
• WR (output 3-state, active low) - Write memory or IO device.
Pin Configuration

• This indicates that the data on the data bus is to be written into the
selected memory location or I/O device.

• IO/M (output) - Select memory or an IO device.

• This status signal indicates that the read / write operation relates to
whether the memory or I/O device.

• It goes high to indicate an I/O operation.

• It goes low for memory operations.


Pin Configuration

Reset In (input, active low)


• This signal is used to reset the microprocessor.
• The program counter inside the microprocessor is set to zero.

• Reset Out (Output)


• It indicates CPU is being reset.
• Used to reset all the connected devices when the
microprocessor is reset
Pin Configuration

Single Bit Serial I/O ports

• SID (input) - Serial input data line


• SOD (output) - Serial output data line
• These signals are used for serial communication.
Overview or Features of 8086

• It is a 16-bit Microprocessor (μp).It’s ALU, internal registers works


with 16bit binary word.
• 8086 has a 20 bit address bus can access up to 220= 1 MB memory
locations.
• 8086 has a 16bit data bus. It can read or write data to a
memory/port either 16bits or 8 bit at a time.
• It provides 14, 16 -bit registers.
• Frequency range of 8086 is 6-10 MHz
• It has multiplexed address and data bus AD0- AD15 and A16 – A19.
Overview or Features of 8086

• It is a 16-bit Microprocessor (μp).It’s ALU, internal registers works


with 16bit binary word.
• 8086 has a 20 bit address bus can access up to 220= 1 MB memory
locations.
• 8086 has a 16bit data bus. It can read or write data to a
memory/port either 16bits or 8 bit at a time.
• It can support up to 64K I/O ports.
• It provides 14, 16 -bit registers.
• Frequency range of 8086 is 6-10 MHz
• It has multiplexed address and data bus AD0- AD15 and A16 – A19.
Overview or Features of 8086

• It can prefetch upto 6 instruction bytes from memory and


queues them in order to speed up instruction execution.
• It requires +5V power supply.
• A 40 pin dual in line package.
Register Organization of 8086 General purpose registers

• The 8086 microprocessor has a total of fourteen registers that


are accessible to the programmer. It is divided into four groups.
They are:
• Four General purpose registers
• Four Index/Pointer registers
• Four Segment registers
Register Organization of 8086 General purpose registers

General purpose registers:


Register Organization of 8086 General purpose registers

• Accumulator register consists of two 8-bit registers AL and AH,


which can be combined together and used as a 16-bit register
AX.
• AL in this case contains the low order byte of the word, and AH
contains the high-order byte.
• Accumulator can be used for I/O operations and string
manipulation.
Register Organization of 8086 General purpose registers

• Base register consists of two 8-bit registers BL and BH, which


can be combined together and used as a 16-bit register BX.
• BL in this case contains the low-order byte of the word, and BH
contains the high-order byte.
• BX register usually contains a data pointer.
Register Organization of 8086 General purpose registers

• Count register consists of two 8-bit registers CL and CH, which


can be combined together and used as a 16-bit register CX.
• When combined, CL register contains the low order byte of the
word, and CH contains the high-order byte.
• Count register can be used in Loop or as a counter in string
manipulation
Register Organization of 8086 General purpose registers

• Data register consists of two 8-bit registers DL and DH, which


can be combined together and used as a 16-bit register DX.
• When combined, DL register contains the low order byte of the
word, and DH contains the high-order byte.
• Data register can be used as a port number in I/O operations.
In integer 32-bit multiply and divide instruction the DX register
contains high-order word of the initial or resulting number.

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