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BOD and Solids Report

Calculating Biological Oxygen Demand and Total solids in water

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27 views5 pages

BOD and Solids Report

Calculating Biological Oxygen Demand and Total solids in water

Uploaded by

Education Pec
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AIM

To determine the BOD and solids in wastewater sample .

APPARATUS

BOD TEST - 300mL BOD bottle, Burette, Titration flask, Beaker, Measuring cylinder, wastewater
sample .

SOLID TEST- Crucible, Tongs, Oven set at 105 ° C , Whatman 42 filter paper , flask , measuring
cylinder, weighing scale.

REAGENTS USED IN BOD TEST


Aerated water , Titrant is Sodium Thiosulphate (Na 2 S2 O3 ) , Manganese Sulphate (MnSO4) ,
Potassium Iodide (KI), Starch solution , Sulfuric acid (H 2SO4).

PROCEDURE

1. Take 300mL BOD bottle and fill it with aerated water and drain the excess water.

2. Take out 10mL aerated water and mix 5ml of wastewater sample in the BOD bottle and drain the
excess water.

3. Add 1mL MnSO4 to the bottle and after that add 1 mL KI to the bottle , drain excess water, now
the brown precipitates will be formed and allow them to settle down.

4. Add 2mL H2SO4 to the bottle the solution turns yellow in colour , drain the excess water.

5. Now take 200ml solution in measuring cylinder and transfer it to a titration flask.

6. Add 2-3 drops of starch solution to titration flask ,the solution turns violet in colour.

7. Now titrate it with Na2 S2 O3 till the solution becomes colourless .

8. Note the initial readings and final reading in burette and it difference gives initial dissolved oxygen
(D.O i )

9. To calculate final dissolved oxygen we perform the 1, 2 steps mentioned above.

10. After this place the BOD bottle in incubator at 27 ° C for 3 days .

11. Perform all steps from 3 to 7 again to calculate D.O f .

We also have to calculate the initial and final D.O of aerated water i.e blank sample.

For D.O i take aerated water in 300ml BOD bottle , drain excess water and then perform the steps 3
to 7 as mentioned above.

For D.O f take aerated water in 300ml BOD bottle , drain excess water and then keep it in incubator
for 3 days at 27° C and perform same 3-7 steps as mentioned above.

I have calculated BOD for 5mL, 10 mL , 15mL , 20mL, 25 mL dilution and calculated initial and final
D.O
PROCEDURE FOR TOTAL SOLIDS

1. Take a china dish dry it completely , weigh its weight on weighing machine and note the readings
i.e WA

2. After this take 50ml wastewater sample in measuring cylinder and transfer it to china dish.

3. Now put the dish in oven set at temperature of 105 ° C for 24 hours.

4. Take out dish with tongs allow the dish to cool and weigh it on weighing machine and note its
reading i.e WB .

PROCEDURE FOR DISSOLVED SOLIDS

1. Take one more china dish weigh it , note its reading ,assign the weight as W C .

2. After this take 50ml wastewater sample in measuring cylinder and pass it through a filter paper.

3. The filtered water is put in china dish and the dish is put in oven at 105 ° C for 24 hours.

4. Take out dish with tongs allow the dish to cool and weigh it on weighing machine and note its
reading i.e WD .

CALCULATIONS

( D .O i−D .O f )−( Bi−B f )( 1−P )


BOD=
P

Where , D .O I – Initial Dissolved oxygen of sample

D .O f – final Dissolved oxygen of sample


BI – Initial Dissolved oxygen of aerated water

B f – final Dissolved oxygen of aerated water


Volume of undiluted sample
P - Dilution fraction P=
Volume of diluted sample
10
Example we have 10 ml wastewater sample , its P will be = 1/30
10+290

Wb−Wa
Total Solids (mg/L) - × 1000× 1000
Volume(50 ml)
As weight is in gms so changing it in mg (1gm= 1000mg)

As volume is in ml , changing it in Litres , so (1L = 1000mL)

Wd−Wc
Total Dissolved Solids - × 1000× 1000
Volume(50 ml)
We can calculate Total suspended solids (T.S.S) by formula

Total suspended solids (mg/L) = Total Solids - Total Dissolved solids

RESULTS

BOD(3 days)

mL of DO
Sewage initial DO final B initial B final Dilution Fraction BOD
5 7.1 6.5 7.7 7.5 0.016666667 24.2
10 6.8 5.9 7.7 7.5 0.033333333 21.2
15 6.5 5.3 7.7 7.5 0.05 20.2
20 6.3 4.8 7.7 7.5 0.066666667 19.7
25 6 3.8 7.7 7.5 0.083333333 24.2

Total Solids

Weight before (Wa) Weight after (Wb) Total


solids
58.098 58.111 0.013 260
54.385 54.398 0.013
58.098 58.11 0.012

Total Dissolved Solids

Weight before (Wc) Weight after (Wd) TDS


52.079 52.082 0.003 60
54.335 54.338 0.003
52.079 52.081 0.002

TDS 0.003

We have taken the common reading of TDS i.e 0.003 g/50ml

So applying total dissolved solids formula , we get

0.003
×1000 ×1000 = 60 mg/L
50

Applying the Total Suspended Solids Formula , we get


Total Suspended Solids = 260 - 60 = 200 mg/L
DISCUSSION
BOD ( 3days ) = 24.2 mg/L
Total Solids = 260 mg/L
Total Dissolved Solids = 60mg/L
Total Suspended Solids = 200mg/L
As the oxygen depletion in sample should be greater than 2mg/L , so only 5 th reading is taken into
consideration as the depletion is more than 2mg/L and hence the BOD (3days) of the sample is 24.2
mg/L.

BOD (3days) = 24.2 mg/L

We have taken the common reading of TS i.e 0.013 g/50 mL

Applying above given formula of total solids i.e

0.013
× 1000× 1000
(50 ml)

So, Total Solids = 260 mg/L

We have taken the common reading of TDS i.e 0.003 g/50ml

So applying total dissolved solids formula , we get

0.003
×1000 ×1000 = 60 mg/L
50
TDS = 60 mg/L
Applying the Total Suspended Solids Formula , we get
Total Suspended Solids = 260 - 60 = 200 mg/L

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