Topic: Artificial Birth Control Methods

Country: Philippines

With a current population of 108,746,304 based on Worldometers elaboration of the latest

United Nations data, the Philippines ranks number 13 in the list of countries with most
population. With its increasing population and decreasing resources every year, the Philippines
are continuously seeking new and efficient solutions to better manage its resources and its
people. One of the measures taken by the Philippine government to control the population is the
implementation of the Reproductive Health Law or Republic Act 10354 which uses birth control
methods to promote the state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity, in all matters relating to the reproductive system and to its functions
and processes.

Birth control is the use of various devices, drugs, agents, sexual practices, or surgical
procedures to prevent conception or pregnancy. It enables a couple to choose when they want
to have a baby. A range of devices and treatments are available for both men and women that
can help prevent pregnancy.

RA 10354 clearly states that individuals and couples has reproductive health rights to decide freely
and responsibly whether or not to have children; the number, spacing and timing of their children; to
make other decisions concerning reproduction, free of discrimination, coercion and violence; to have
the information and means to do so; and to attain the highest standard of sexual health and
reproductive health: Provided, however, that reproductive health rights do not include abortion, and
access to abortifacients. Abortifacient refers to any drug or device that induces abortion or the
destruction of a fetus inside the mother’s womb or the prevention of the fertilized ovum to reach and
be implanted in the mother’s womb upon determination of the FDA. Therefore, the law allows only
those natural and non-abortifacients artificial birth control methods certified by the FDA.

Despite of its good aims, Reproductive Health Law had been one of the most controversial and
divisive topics of all time and its passage on December 21, 2012 by Former President Benigno
Aquino III had raised more oppositions, mostly from the Catholic Church. An article from
Rappler published in 2012 entitled "Aquino on RH bill: From half-baked to urgent" says that in
his campaign and in his presidency, former President Aquino faced criticism from Catholic
bishops every time he voiced support for the RH bill’s contents, with Church leaders repeatedly
warning against the so-called Catholic vote. The Catholic Church is staunchly against the
measure that seeks to provide access to both natural and modern family planning methods like
contraceptives because bishops believe it promotes a contraceptive mentality and promiscuity
while proponents argue that it is for women’s rights and health, and informed choice. But the
President Aquino was determined to pass the bill, even if its means excommunication for him.

According to RA 10354, Reproductive Health (RH) refers to the state of complete physical, mental
and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, in all matters relating to the
reproductive system and to its functions and processes. This implies that people are able to have a
responsible, safe, consensual and satisfying sex life, that they have the capability to reproduce and
the freedom to decide if, when, and how often to do so. This further implies that women and men
attain equal relationships in matters related to sexual relations and reproduction.
RH Law is a law for women. Although it aims to provide reproductive health care to all people in
general, it places a special emphasis to the importance of women's health since in matter of
reproduction, the major role goes to women. The spirit of the RH Bill was to allow women
to choose freely whichever method of family planning they see fit. They
should therefore be presented the full gamut of options, and not restricted to
any one type.

Philippines has been a patriarchal society eversince. In one will review the history of the Philippines, it
could be seen how women was deprived of their rights to equality. During the Spanish Era, women are
not given the privilege to study and stereotyped to just be for household works. Same goes with the
American Period and worsened during the Japanese occupation where Filipinas were raped and
molested by the invaders.

If natural law will apply, it would seem that it violates the primary precept of procreation of human
species because the purpose of a man and woman's union is to reproduce. But if one will look closer, RH
Law clears that Reproductive Health Rights do not include abortion and access to abortifacient.

Section 2. Declaration of Policy. – The State recognizes and guarantees the human rights of all persons
including their right to equality and nondiscrimination of these rights, the right to sustainable human
development, the right to health which includes reproductive health, the right to education and
information, and the right to choose and make decisions for themselves in accordance with their
religious convictions, ethics, cultural beliefs, and the demands of responsible parenthood.

On January 2017, President Rodrigo Duterte also showed his support to the Law, ordering
government agencies to expand access to contraception, especially for poor women. By 2018,
he instructs, all poor households in the country should have "zero unmet need for modern family
planning. (NPR.org)

some contraceptives

The main issues that raise ethical dilemmas following the development of assisted reproduction
techniques are: the right to procreate or reproduce;
Preservation of life
Propagation of Human Species
Pursuit of truth

Birth control can help people decide when they want to have children.
There are many types to choose from, including different types of barrier, medications, and
traditional methods that need no additional resources.
Effectiveness varies and often depends on how carefully the method is applied.
Only a male condom offers any protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
argue that it is for women’s rights and health, and informed choice.

According to
RH Law

Seen as one of the most controversial measures handled by

legislators, the RH Bill had languished for 13 years in Congress before it was passed
by both the Senate and the House of Representatives this month. It was also deemed
one of the most divisive of measures deliberated this year.

RA 10354 will provide its beneficiaries, as determined by the National

Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction (NHTS-PR) of the Department of
Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), with “universal access to medically safe,
non-abortifacient, effective, legal, affordable and quality reproductive health care
services, methods, devices, supplies which do not prevent the implantation of a
fertilized ovum.”

Both the national and local government will shoulder responsibility in

implementing the said law which will also provide “age- and development-appropriate
reproductive health education” to public school students aged between 10 and 19.

Albay Representative Edcel Lagman, the main proponent of the RH Bill at the House
of Representatives, has earlier pegged 7.5 million public school students as
beneficiaries of RH education once it is rolled out by the Department of Education.
He was also hopeful that private schools would follow suit and adapt the DepEd ’s
curriculum on RH education.

The law will only provide minors with access to artificial birth control methods in
health centers and state-run hospitals if they have written parental consent, or have
already given birth or have had miscarriages.

Information and access to family planning methods which have are “proven medically
safe, legal, non-abortifacient, and effective in accordance with scientific and evidence-
based medical research standards such as those registered and approved by the FDA
(Food and Drug Administration)” will be provided by the State under the said law.

RA 10354 also gives the health department the responsibility as the lead agency for
implementing the law and will handle procurement and distribution of family
planning supplies for the beneficiaries.
The DOH will also have a hand in campaigns meant to raise public awareness on
reproductive health.

(p) (q) Reproductive health care refers to the access to a full range of methods, facilities, services
and supplies that contribute to reproductive health and well-being by addressing reproductive health-
related problems. It also includes sexual health, the purpose of which is the enhancement of life and
personal relations. The elements of reproductive health care include the following:

(1) Family planning information and services which shall include as a first priority making
women of reproductive age fully aware of their respective cycles to make them aware of
when fertilization is highly probable, as well as highly improbable;

(2) Maternal, infant and child health and nutrition, including breastfeeding;

(3) Proscription of abortion and management of abortion complications;

(4) Adolescent and youth reproductive health guidance and counseling;

(5) Prevention, treatment and management of reproductive tract infections (RTIs), HIV and
AIDS and other sexually transmittable infections (STIs);

(6) Elimination of violence against women and children and other forms of sexual and
gender-based violence;

(7) Education and counseling on sexuality and reproductive health;

(8) Treatment of breast and reproductive tract cancers and other gynecological conditions
and disorders;

(9) Male responsibility and involvement and men’s reproductive health;

(10) Prevention, treatment and management of infertility and sexual dysfunction;

(11) Reproductive health education for the adolescents; and

(12) Mental health aspect of reproductive health care.

(r) Reproductive health care program refers to the systematic and integrated provision of
reproductive health care to all citizens prioritizing women, the poor, marginalized and those
invulnerable or crisis situations.

(s) Reproductive health rights refers to the rights of individuals and couples, to decide freely and
responsibly whether or not to have children; the number, spacing and timing of their children; to
make other decisions concerning reproduction, free of discrimination, coercion and violence; to have
the information and means to do so; and to attain the highest standard of sexual health and
reproductive health: Provided, however, That reproductive health rights do not include abortion, and
access to abortifacients.

(t) Reproductive health and sexuality education refers to a lifelong learning process of providing and
acquiring complete, accurate and relevant age- and development-appropriate information and
education on reproductive health and sexuality through life skills education and other approaches.

Figure 1 shows a well-established fact worldwide: as countries

become richer, females bear fewer and fewer children.

While it was common for our grand-grandparents to have, say, 6 to 7

children, most couples today settle for just 2 to 3 kids.

The reason for this global phenomenon is simple: as women enjoy

greater economic opportunities, larger incomes, and empowerment (in
a broad sense), rearing children becomes more and more costly – both
in terms of money and time.

The spirit of the RH Bill was to allow women to choose freely

whichever method of family planning they see fit. They should
therefore be presented the full gamut of options, and not restricted to
any one type.

What the opposition overlook is the main spirit of the RH Bill, which is
to promote state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence
of disease or infirmity, in all matters relating to the reproductive system and to its functions and
processes. Reproductive health care program refers to the systematic and integrated provision of
reproductive health care to all citizens prioritizing women, the poor, marginalized and those
invulnerable or crisis situations

Yet the RH Law, at its core, is a law about women, their right to
choose, and their ability to live better, more meaningful lives.

To this day, it seems baffling to me that men – especially those in the

hierarchy of the Catholic Church and the halls of Congress – should
have a disproportionately large say on how women should choose for
their own bodies and lives.
 In 2018, such patronization of women seems positively medieval and
out of place.

The provision of effective and quality RH care services by the state that will lead to
universal access to affordable and quality RH care and services; The provision of
truthful information and education on RH; and. The preferential access to the poor and
the marginalized.

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The Philippines passes Reproductive Health Law
07 JANUARY 2013 – Manila, The Philippines - After fourteen years of being stuck in
Congress, the "Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012" has finally
been signed into law on Friday 21 December 2012 by President Benigno Aquino III of The
Philippines.
House Majority Leader Neptali Gonzales II confirmed that it was signed on Friday 28
December 2012. The following day, the Presidency (Malacañang) issued a statement
saying:
President Benigno Aquino III's administration called for reconciliation on Saturday after a
"divisive" birth control act was signed into law despite bitter opposition from the Catholic
church. Making sex education and contraceptives more widely available to the poor, the
legislation takes effect in mid-January, deputy presidential spokesperson Abigail Valte
said. "The passage into law of the Responsible Parenthood Act closes a highly divisive
chapter of our history -- a chapter borne of the convictions of those who argued for, or
against this Act," Valte said in a statement.
According to the Asian Forum of Parliamentarians on Population and Development: “The
enactment of the RH Law is a huge leap for the Philippines towards achieving its
commitment to the International Conference on Population and Development Programme
of Action “
“Thirteen years and 4 months since it was first filed in Congress, the Philippines enacted a
law funding the distribution of free contraceptives, requiring government hospitals to
provide reproductive health (RH) services, and mandating public schools to teach sex
education. The delivery of RH services remains the primary responsibility of the national
government - not local government units - and optional for most private hospitals. Except
in special cases, minors need parental consent to access family planning methods. Sex
education is also optional for private schools. The new law illegalizes contraception bans
previously in place in Manila City and posh community Ayala, Alabang.

UNFPA Executive Director Babatunde said in the launch of 2012 a State of the World
Population Report: “Family planning has a positive multiplier effect on development. Not
only does the ability for a couple to choose when and how many children to have help lift
 nations out of poverty, but it is also one of the most effective means of empowering
women. Women who use contraception are generally healthier, better educated, more
empowered in their households and communities and more economically productive.
Women’s increased labour-force participation boosts nations’ economies.”




ISPEAK

View more stories

NEWSBREAK

RH law: The long and

rough road
The RH law is a culmination of the hard work of a battalion of RH
advocates - inside and outside Congress - and a President who stepped
up to complete the job

Carmela Fonbuena
@carmelafonbuena

Published 5:53 PM, December 30, 2012

Updated 1:18 AM, January 02, 2013

MANILA, Philippines – Thirteen years and 4 months since it was first
filed in Congress, the Philippines has enacted a law funding the
distribution of free contraceptives, requiring government hospitals to
provide reproductive health (RH) services, and mandating public
schools to teach sex education.

It’ s not a perfect law. The delivery of RH services remains the primary
responsbility of the national government - not local government units -
and optional for most private hospitals. Except in special cases,
minors need parental consent to access family planning methods. Sex
education is also optional for private schools.

Still, it’ s a big leap for the Philippines where the powerful Catholic
Church launched a war against “evil” contraceptives. The new law
illegalizes contraception bans previously in place in Manila City and
posh community Ayala, Alabang.

It was a long and rough road to the passage of the RH bill. It's a
culmination of the hard work of a battalion of RH advocates - inside
and outside Congress - and a President who stepped up to complete
the job. (READ: Aquino on RH bill: From half-baked to urgent)
It was impossible without the allies of President Benigno Aquino III in
the Liberal Party (LP) - both in the Senate and the House of
Representatives - who worked their magic to get the final votes
needed to pass the measure.

It was a harder battle in the House than the Senate. The truth is it
could have lost if not for the series of calculated moves taken to keep
it alive.

There were several meetings between the bishops, solons, and RH

advocates between September and November to attempt a
compromise bill.

Initially, Aquino would only call House members to meetings in

Malacañang to explain why an RH law is needed. But when crunch
time came, Rappler sources confirm that he joined party leaders in
personally phoning representatives. The instructions: vote in favor or
skip the session.

The 11th hour certification of the RH bill as urgent was the necessary
finishing touch to make sure that the Malacañang timeline is followed -
have an RH law before Christmas.

"It (certification) was driven more by the lack of physical time in the
Senate. But it helped that the bill was moving positively in the House.
It also signaled the President's desire to put a positive closure to the
debate. Somehow, things converged at the last minute," LP stalwart
and budget Secretary Butch Abad - also a key player in the passage of
the RH bill - told Rappler.

The first steps

The Philippine Legislators' Committee on Population and Development

(PLCPD) traces the first step of the RH law to House Bill 8110 filed on
August 16, 1999. It was the 11th Congress.

The proposed “ Integrated Population and Development Act of 1999 ”

pushed for “ universal access to reproductive health services, including
family planning and sexual health.”
Five solons filed the first bill and among them was the daughter of 15th
Congress RH bill sponsor Albay Rep Edcel Lagman - Cielo Krisel
Lagman-Luistro. The other four are Luwalhati Antonino, Carlos
Cojuangco, Bellaflor Angara-Castillo, Nereus Acosta, and Edith Yotono-
Villanueva.

Nothing came out of HB 8110. In the succeeding 12th Congress, Rep

Bellaflor Angara filed a similar bill. HB 4110 was the first bill to be
called the “ RH bill.”

The bill was refiled and refiled until it made progress in the 14th
Congress. It reached the stage in the legislative process where the
entire House could debate it in plenary. The national debate, the war,
began. Lagman, Iloilo Rep Janette Garin, and Akbayan Rep Risa
Hontiveros took the cudgels for the RH bill.

As the Catholic Church launched its war against the RH bill, big names
also started coming out to support the measure. It was during the 14th
Congress that the professors of the UP School of Economics and
professors of Ateneo De Manila University, among others, issued
statements supporting it.

The seeds were planted.

"Let me say that this is the baby of the House. We initiated this in the
House. The version in the Senate was a replica of the the House
version," an elated Lagman told reporters the night the measure was
ratified.

The passage of the RH bill is the gold medallion Lagman wished for his
last term in the House.

It was Lagman who withstood in plenary hours and hours of relentless

attacks coming from the critics of the bill.

"Everyday was a struggle and everyday was difficult. The length of

interpellation and debate as well as the period of individual
amendments would really be trying times. You have to be patient in
order to see through the enactment of this measure," he said.
But Lagman is the first to credit the House leadership for its
successful passage. "The commitment of the House leadership to have
the bill voted upon was a great help. It was unlike in the previous
Congresses, where leadership was either negative or ambivalent," said
Lagman.

House Speaker Feliciano "Sonny" Belmonte Jr is pro-RH. Quezon City

had a similar measure when he was Mayor.

Belmonte promised to put the RH bill to a vote, whatever the result to

put a closure to the long debated measure. How it got there was the
responsibility of House Majority Leader Neptali Gonzales II, also pro-
RH.

In corporate parlance, Belmonte is the CEO. Gonzales is the COO. It is

the task of Gonzales to make sure plenary sessions proceed according
to the agenda.

But they had to tread very carefully. The RH bill is one for the books. It
wasn't like other bills that they could ram down everyone's throats.
Never has the recent Congress seen a proposed measure so divisive.
Never has plenary debates been as highly charged. (READ: Liberal
Party divided on RH bill)

Lagman and Garin continued to defend the bill in the 15th Congress.
Akbayan Rep Arlene "Kaka" Bag-ao took on the cause from Hontiveros.

The debates took forever. It was science versus religion. It was going
nowhere.

But all of a sudden in August 2012, the House leadership prevailed over
the members to agree to vote on the termination of the debates. They
set the date on August 7, 2012.

Belmonte took the risk. There was a possibility that the RH bill could
have lost that vote. But President Aquino stepped in.

Aquino and his men

On August 6, a day before the scheduled vote, Aquino called all
members of the House to a lunch meeting in Malacañang to appeal to
them to vote in favor of terminating debates on the RH bill so it can
proceed to the period of amendments.

It was a surprise move but it wasn’t too difficult a request. Even the
most rabid critics of the RH bill accommodated the President. Anyway,
the RH bill still had a long way to go in the legislative process.
(READ: House ends debates on RH bill)

The war was just beginning to heat up and critics were successfully
using parliamentary tactics to prevent the bill from further moving
forward. (READ: Tool vs RH bill: Privilege Speeches)

The period of amendments did not start until November 26, nearly four
months since they ended the debates. (READ: Small victory for RH bill
in House)

December came and there were 3 session weeks left in the year. Time
was running out. It was time for the President to step in again.

On December 3, Aquino called the House members to another meeting

to Malacañang to appeal to them to finally put the RH bill to a vote.

It would happen 9 days later.

Close vote!

The President’ s support for the RH bill has to be put in context. It must
pass because he staked his name on it. LP had to back him because
losing the vote would reflect terribly on the party.

December 12 was the moment of truth. It was an emotional second

reading vote that took 5 hours to finish because many solons felt it
was necessary to explain their votes - particularly to the bishops
present in plenary.

Based on its own count, the House leadership expected a victory by

about 10 votes. But they knew the Catholic Church was working as
hard as they were. What stronger message can be sent than sending
Malacañang's armada to the House?

LP president and DOTC Secretary Manuel Roxas II, budget secretary

Butch Abad, Communications Secretary Ricky Carandang, and
Presidential spokesperson Edwin Lacierda trooped to the House. They
stayed in the South Lounge, the hang out place of solons that is off
limits to the media.

But to their surprise, some of the anti-RH representatives they thought

they persuaded to cast "Yes" votes didn't deliver. Phone lines burned in
the middle of voting to win over "swayable" anti-RH members who have
not voted. Gonzales's men - members of the House Rules Committee -
were going around the plenary courting last-minute votes.

In spite all those efforts, it was a victory by only 9 votes -- 113 to 104.
Among the LP members, 43 voted in favor and 26 voted against. The
vote was split down the middle for coalition allies Nationalist People's
Coalition (17-15 in favor) and Nacionalista Party (8-8).

RH advocates celebrated the victory but also feared that the vote
could change in the 3rd and final reading.

If the 3rd reading vote was wider, 133 -79, it was because Aquino had
already certified it as urgent. The additional 20 votes is the difference
between the 27 lawmakers who were absent in the second reading
vote but showed up to cast yes votes in the 3rd reading vote and the 7
who previously voted yes but were absent in the final vote.

LP, too, worked harder on its members. The LP vote would change to 51
in favor and 15 against. Among those absent are key party leaders
known to be anti-RH.

"Lahat na yun. Nakausap. Nakumbinsi. Natakot. Napaliwanagan," a

House leader explained.

Church lobby

If there’ s anyone who still doubts the power of the Catholic Church, the
second reading vote in the House of Representatives is proof.
As vigorously as the Aquino administration, the Catholic Church
persevered to push its agenda. (READ: Bishops wanted the vote to
happen as close as possible to the 2013 campaign period)

The bishops used all the tricks in the hat. Solons received SMS
messages from their bishops, invitations to meetings, images of saints,
and letters.

Many of the solons were afraid. Whatever the surveys say on general
support for the RH bill, some believed in the Catholic vote.

Minority Leader Quezon Rep Danilo Suarez said there remains religious
community leaders who will always follow what the Catholic Church
says. That, he said, is the Catholic vote.

The House minority bloc was a big loss to RH bill. Suarez and at least 7
other members who were originally RH bill co-authors later withdrew
their support.

Two reasons are being cited for the change of heart: RH bill sponsor
Lagman’ s tiff with Suarez over the House minority leadership position
and the return of former President now Pampanga Rep Gloria Arroyo to
the House after a months-long house arrest. She is known to be anti-
RH.

Church-goers themselves, other solons were afraid of the treatment

they and their children would get from the bishops. After the bill was
passed, pro-RH solons spoke of uncomfortable Christmas gatherings in
the presence of their bishops.

It was frustrating, said Batanes Rep Henedina Abad. "I have been
formed within the paradigm of faith that does justice. My faith has
always been a source of strength. Catholic leaders, priests and
bishops had always been my source of strength so it is so frustrating
when they have different standards in terms of what is right and what
is wrong. This is more personal rather than political," she told Rappler
after the ratification of the RH bill in the House.
RH advocates claim they always had the vote to pass the RH bill. But
they acknowledged that they started losing votes since the anti-RH
rally that the Catholic Bishops’ Conference of the Philippines (CBCP)
organized in the People’ s Power Monument in February 2011.

In September, a Malacanang official mediated a meeting between the

bishops and the House members to attempt a compromise bill.

At least three meetings were held in a hotel in Makati. Bishops

actively contributed inputs to the RH bill. The result is the substitute
bill that Gonzales presented to the plenary on November 26. In a funny
twist of events, Lagman had to protect the bishops' amendments
against anti-RH solons who wanted some of them deleted.

In spite the bishops' inputs, the Church did not - could not - support the
measure. Some of the bishops who sat down with the representatives
showed up in the House gallery on voting day.

But the efforts were not wasted. The cooperation shown by the
bishops succeeded in persuading House members - who supported the
measure but would rather not antagonize the Church - to cast "yes"
votes.

Senate junks Enrile’s amendments

Dynamics at the Senate were totally different from the House of

Representatives.

Two Senate leaders were the most rabid critics of the RH bill: Senate
President Juan Ponce Enrile and Majority Leader Vicente Sotto III.

The plagiarism issue against Sotto was both a boon and a bane. It put
Sotto - who poised to be the biggest critic of the bill - on the defensive.
But the issue also diverted the Senate’s attention away from the bill
itself. Malacañang was expecting the Senate to approve the measure
much earlier than the House but they lost a lot of time.

The LP members worked on the senators to secure the necessary vote.

But "test vote" happened when Enrile proposed killer amendments and
lost.
“ It became clear [that the RH bill had the vote in the Senate] during
the voting on amendments propounded by Senate President Juan
Ponce Enrile. It helped that the House passed on 2nd reading. That
accelerated Senate deliberations,” said Abad.

The final vote was 13-8 in favor of the RH bill.

President Aquino’ s certification was necessary, most especially for the

Senate. Time was running out. The Senate was planning to put it to 3rd
reading vote on the last day of session for 2012. That would have
pushed the RH bill timeline to 2013.

It is widely believed that with the looming presidential elections, the

next Congress is not going to be a good environment for divisive
measures like the RH bill. One prospective presidential candidate is
anti-RH.

Aquino understands this. He himself softened on the RH bill during the

2010 campaign.

At the end of the day, there was a golden opportunity to pass the RH
bill and Malacañang grabbed it. – Rappler.com

Hmm, siguro ay mga seminars na lang din ganun. khit ung pageducate lang sa mga parents ng
importance ng birth gap

RH

Favor ako kase isa ito sa way para macontrol ang population. wag na tayo magpaka hipokrito.
Iba pag kalamnan na ang tumawag at mahirap ma control kahit nuong unang una pa. Kaya mas
lalong nag hihirap yung mga mahihirap kase kulang sila sa knowledge about Reproductive
health. Eh lalo na sa mahihirap na pag talagang tinawag ng kalamnan eh sila pa yung hndi
macontrol. Tingnan mo kung sino pa mahirap sila pa yung madaming anak kesa sa mayaman

Hmm, siguro pati ay isang pedeng rason eh sa sexually transmitted disease

Sources:
https://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2012/ra_10354_2012.html

https://www.rappler.com/thought-leaders/214581-analysis-whatever-happened-to-reproductive-health-
law-philippines
https://www.who.int/pmnch/media/news/2013/20130107_philippines_reproductive_health_law/en/
https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/philippines-population/